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Mauro F, Natale CF, Panzetta V, Netti PA. Development of an Azobenzene-Based Cell Culture Photoresponsive Platform for In Situ Modulation of Surface Topography in Wet Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29823-29833. [PMID: 38829198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Azopolymers are light-responsive materials that hold promise to transform in vitro cell culture systems. Through precise light illumination, they facilitate substrate pattern formation and erasure, allowing for the dynamic control and creation of active interfaces between cells and materials. However, these materials exhibit a tendency to locally detach from the supporting glass in the presence of aqueous solutions, such as cell culture media, due to the formation of blisters, which are liquid-filled cavities generated at the azopolymer film-glass interface. These blisters impede precise structurization of the surface of the azomaterial, limiting their usage for surface photoactivation in the presence of cells. In this study, we present a cost-effective and easily implementable method to improve the azopolymer-glass interface stability through silane functionalization of the glass substrate. This method proved to be efficient in preventing blister formation, thereby enabling the dynamic modulation of the azopolymer surface in situ for live-cell experiments. Furthermore, we proved that the light-illumination conditions used to induce azopolymer surface variations do not induce phototoxic effects. Consequently, this approach facilitates the development of a photoswitchable azopolymer cell culture platform for studying the impact of multiple in situ inscription and erasure cycles on cell functions while maintaining a physiological wet microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mauro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo F Natale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
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2
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Sarkar J, Madhusudanan M, V C C, Choyal S, Chowdhury M. Roles of aqueous nonsolvents influencing the dynamic stability of poly-( n-butyl methacrylate) thin films at biologically relevant temperatures. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8193-8202. [PMID: 37853806 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly-(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) is an important polymer in biomedical applications. Here we study the stability of PnBMA thin films prepared on top of slippery silicon substrates and exposed to nonsolvent aqueous incubation media like water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at temperatures relevant to biological applications (37 °C, 25 °C and 4 °C). Dewetting hole growth experiments allowed us to probe the instability in PnBMA films upon incubation followed by thermal annealing. From the early stage of dewetting hole growth dynamics, we inferred that the stability of the thin PnBMA films decreases as a function of the duration and temperature of incubation, even though the films were found not to readily dewet at room temperature after incubation. It is also observed that water incubation makes films more unstable than incubation in PBS. We explained our observations as a combined effect of (i) an increase in surface energy of the PnBMA film due to incubation, (ii) an increased destabilizing effect due to the dominant polar interactions between the incubation medium and the PnBMA film and (iii) the plasticization effect of PnBMA films by the incubation media. Plasticization resulted in a decrease in the modulus of PnBMA thin films as a function of incubation time. The viscosity of PnBMA films upon incubation was found to be coupled to the decreasing modulus. Thus we infer that incubation in common aqueous nonsolvents can detrimentally affect the stability of polymers limiting their specific usages through a complex interplay of multiple molecular level phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotypriya Sarkar
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Mithun Madhusudanan
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Chandni V C
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Shilpa Choyal
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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3
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Das A, Dey AB, Manna G, Sanyal MK, Mukherjee R. Nanoparticle-Mediated Stabilization of a Thin Polymer Bilayer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Arka Bikash Dey
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Gouranga Manna
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Milan K. Sanyal
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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4
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Golany Z, Weisbord I, Abo-Jabal M, Manor O, Segal-Peretz T. Polymer dewetting in solvent-non-solvent environment- new insights on dynamics and lithography-free patterning. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:267-277. [PMID: 33839353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We show that one may employ polymer dewetting in solvent-non-solvent environment to obtain lithography-free fabrication of well-defined nano- to micro- scale polymer droplets arrays from pre-patterned polymer films. The polymer droplet pattern may be converted to a series of hybrid organic-inorganic and inorganic well-defined nano-patterns by using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). In particular, we scrutinize the physical parameters which govern the dewetting of flat and striped polymer thin films, which is the key to obtaining our objective of lithography-free ordered nano-patterns. EXPERIMENTS We immerse polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films in water in the presence of chloroform vapors. We study the ensuing polymer dewetting dynamics and the pattern formation of nanospheres by employing in-situ light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We then investigate pattern formation by dewetting of polymer stripes, fabricated by directed solvent evaporation, and SIS of AlOx from vapor phase precursors, trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and H2O, within the nanosphere patterns. FINDINGS We find that solvent- non-solvent environments render film dewetting rates, which are an order of magnitude faster than solvent vapor dewetting, and supports the formation of small solid polymer droplets, down to sub-100 nm droplet size, of large contact angles with the solid substrate. Pre-patterned polymer film stripes support the formation of highly ordered structures of polymer droplets, which are easily transformed to hybrid polymer-AlOx nanosphere patterns and templated AlOx nanosphere via SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Golany
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Mohammad Abo-Jabal
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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5
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Das A, Mukherjee R. Feature Size Modulation in Dewetting of Nanoparticle-Containing Ultrathin Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Das
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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6
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Janiszewska N, Raczkowska J, Budkowski A, Gajos K, Stetsyshyn Y, Michalik M, Awsiuk K. Dewetting of Polymer Films Controlled by Protein Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11817-11828. [PMID: 32921057 PMCID: PMC7584358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stability of the film poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) with different tacticities, prepared on silicon oxide and exposed to aqueous phosphate-buffered saline with different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (CBSA between 0 and 4.5 mg/mL), was examined at temperatures close to the physiological limit (between 4 and 37 °C) with optical microscopy, contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. For PBS solutions with CBSA = 0, the stability of atactic PnBMA and dewetting of isotactic PnBMA was observed, caused by the interplay between the stabilizing long-range dispersion forces and the destabilizing short-range polar interactions. Analogous considerations of excess free energy cannot explain the retardation of dewetting observed for isotactic PnBMA in PBS solutions with higher CBSA. Instead, formation of a BSA overlayer, adsorbed preferentially but not exclusively to uncovered SiOx regions, is evidenced and postulated to hinder polymer dewetting. Polymer dewetting and protein patterning are obtained in one step, suggesting a simple approach to fabricate biomaterials with micropatterned proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Janiszewska
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gajos
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yurij Stetsyshyn
- Lviv
Polytechnic National University, St. George’s Square 2, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maciej Michalik
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- M.
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian
University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Baglioni M, Guaragnone T, Mastrangelo R, Sekine FH, Ogura T, Baglioni P. Nonionic Surfactants for the Cleaning of Works of Art: Insights on Acrylic Polymer Films Dewetting and Artificial Soil Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26704-26716. [PMID: 32394706 PMCID: PMC8007071 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanostructured fluids (NSFs), that is, micellar solutions and microemulsions, in art conservation is often associated with cleaning purposes as the removal of polymeric coatings and/or soil from artistic surfaces. In both cases, the use of NSFs grants significant improvements over the use of traditional cleaning techniques that employ neat unconfined organic solvents, water, or aqueous solutions. The study of the nature and properties of surfactants present in NSF formulations is important to boost the effectiveness of these systems in applicative contexts and in the search of innovative and highly performing amphiphiles. This work reports on the methoxy-pentadeca(oxyethylene) dodecanoate (MPD) surfactant in two different NSFs, whose utilization in conservation of cultural heritage is new. Its effectiveness is compared to the conventional nonionic amphiphiles used in conservation practice, as pentadeca(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether, for the cleaning of poly(ethyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate) 70:30, p(EMA/MA), and artificially soiled surfaces. The mechanism, through which NSFs interact with polymeric coatings or soiled surfaces, was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, photographic observation, contact angle, surface tension measurements, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results highlighted the superior MPD's performance, both in inducing polymer removal and in detaching the soil from coated surfaces. At the microscale, the cleaning involves dewetting-like processes, where the polymer or the soil oily phase is detached from the surface and coalesce into separated droplets. This can be accounted by considering the different surface tensions and the different adsorption mechanisms of MPD with respect to ordinary nonionic surfactants (likely due to the methyl capping of the polar head chain and to the presence of the ester group between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the MPD surfactant molecule), showing how a tiny change in the surfactant architecture can lead to important differences in the cleaning capacity. Overall, this paper provides a detailed description of the mechanism and the kinetics involved in the NSFs cleaning process, opening new perspectives on simple formulations that are able to target at a specific substance to be removed. This is of utmost importance in the conservation of irreplaceable works of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Guaragnone
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Felipe Hidetomo Sekine
- NIKKOL
GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Ogura
- NIKKOL
GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002 Tokyo, Japan
- NIKKOL
GROUP Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd., 3-24-3 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, 174-0046 Tokyo, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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8
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Kim D, Hahm D, Kwon S, Lim J, Char K. Controlled Phase Separation in Poly( p-phenyleneethynylene) Thin Films and Its Relationship to Vapor-Sensing Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4011-4019. [PMID: 30779580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis and mesoporous film formation of hydrophobic rodlike poly( p-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) and present porosity-dependent quenching studies using 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapors. Nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation was used to induce pore formation during film casting, and the concentration of PPEs in the casting solution was controlled carefully to prevent excimer formation. We found that the structures of the sidechains of the PPEs strongly influence the range of relative humidity at which controlled pore generation occurs, which could be rationalized from interfacial energies calculated from contact angle measurements. Porosity of the PPE films resulted in increased efficiency of fluorescence quenching toward TNT vapors, which previously required very thin films (below 5 nm) for sensing applications. The control of the porous structure as well as film thickness constitutes a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of chemosensors and in more general applications requiring fine-tuned polymer-gas interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Soonhyoung Kwon
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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9
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Ag-coated submicron particles of polystyrene formed by dewetting process and their application in multi-functional biosensor-chips. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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11
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Baglioni M, Montis C, Brandi F, Guaragnone T, Meazzini I, Baglioni P, Berti D. Dewetting acrylic polymer films with water/propylene carbonate/surfactant mixtures - implications for cultural heritage conservation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23723-23732. [PMID: 28581560 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The removal of hydrophobic polymer films from surfaces is one of the top priorities of modern conservation science. Nanostructured fluids containing water, good solvents for polymers, either immiscible or partially miscible with water, and surfactants have been used in the last decade to achieve controlled removal. The dewetting of the polymer film is often an essential step to achieve efficient removal; however, the role of the surfactant throughout the process is yet to be fully understood. We report on the dewetting of a methacrylate/acrylate copolymer film induced by a ternary mixture of water, propylene carbonate (PC) and C9-11E6, a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. The fluid microstructure was characterised through small angle X-ray scattering and the interactions between the film and water, water/PC and water/PC/C9-11E6, were monitored through confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and analised both from a thermodynamic and a kinetic point of view. The presence of a surfactant is a prerequisite to induce dewetting of μm-thick films at room temperature, but it is not a thermodynamic driver. The amphiphile lowers the interfacial energy between the phases and favors the loss of adhesion of the polymer on glass, decreasing, in turn, the activation energy barrier, which can be overcome by the thermal fluctuations of polymer film stability, initiating the dewetting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baglioni
- Chemistry Department & CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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12
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Baglioni M, Montis C, Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Berti D, Baglioni P. Polymer Film Dewetting by Water/Surfactant/Good-Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Insight and Its Implications for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
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13
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Baglioni M, Montis C, Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Berti D, Baglioni P. Polymer Film Dewetting by Water/Surfactant/Good-Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Insight and Its Implications for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7355-7359. [PMID: 29215783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous nanostructured fluids (NSFs) have been proposed to remove polymer coatings from the surface of works of art; this process usually involves film dewetting. The NSF cleaning mechanism was studied using several techniques that were employed to obtain mechanistic insight on the interaction of a methacrylic/acrylic copolymer (Paraloid B72) film laid on glass surfaces and several NSFs, based on two solvents and two surfactants. The experimental results provide a detailed picture of the dewetting process. The gyration radius and the reduction of the Tg of Paraloid B72 fully swollen in the two solvents is larger for propylene carbonate than for methyl ethyl ketone, suggesting higher mobility of polymer chains for the former, while a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant was more effective than sodium dodecylsulfate in favoring the dewetting process. FTIR 2D imaging showed that the dewetting patterns observed on model samples are also present on polymer-coated mortar tiles when exposed to NSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
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14
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Song SE, Choi GH, Yi GR, Yoo PJ. Competitive concurrence of surface wrinkling and dewetting of liquid crystalline polymer films on non-wettable substrates. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7753-7759. [PMID: 29018860 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric thin films coated on non-wettable substrates undergo film-instabilities, which are usually manifested as surface deformation in the form of dewetting or wrinkling. The former takes place in fluidic films, whereas the latter occurs in solid films. Therefore, there have rarely been reports of systems involving simultaneous deformations of dewetting and wrinkling. In this study, we propose polymeric thin films of liquid crystalline (LC) mesogens prepared on a non-wettable Si substrate and apply a treatment of plasma irradiation to form a thin polymerized layer at the surface. The resulting compressive stress generated in the surface region drives the formation of wrinkles, while at the same time, dipolar attraction between LC molecules induces competitive cohesive dewetting. Intriguing surface structures were obtained whereby dewetting-like hole arrays are nested inside the randomly propagated wrinkles. The structural features are readily controlled by the degree of surface cross-linking, hydrophilicity of the substrates, and the LC film thickness. In particular, dewetting of LC mesogens is observed to be restricted to occur at the trough regions of wrinkles, exhibiting the typical behavior of geometrically confined dewetting. Finally, wrinkling-dewetting mixed structures are separated from the substrate in the form of free standing films to demonstrate the potential applicability as membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung E Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Al-Khayat O, Geraghty K, Shou K, Nelson A, Neto C. Chain Collapse and Interfacial Slip of Polystyrene Films in Good/Nonsolvent Vapor Mixtures. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Khayat
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kieran Geraghty
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Keyun Shou
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Bragg Institute, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Chiara Neto
- School
of Chemistry, and §School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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16
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Mukherjee R, Sharma A. Instability, self-organization and pattern formation in thin soft films. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8717-8740. [PMID: 26412507 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The free surface of a thin soft polymer film is often found to become unstable and self-organizes into various meso-scale structures. In this article we classify the instability of a thin polymer film into three broad categories, which are: category 1: instability of an ultra-thin (<100 nm) viscous film engendered by amplification of thermally excited surface capillary waves due to interfacial dispersive van der Waals forces; category 2: instability arising from the attractive inter-surface interactions between the free surface of a soft film exhibiting room temperature elasticity and another rigid surface in its contact proximity; and category 3: instability caused by an externally applied field such as an electric field or a thermal gradient, observed in both viscous and elastic films. We review the salient features of each instability class and highlight how characteristic length scales, feature morphologies, evolution pathways, etc. depend on initial properties such as film thickness, visco-elasticity (rheology), residual stress, and film preparation conditions. We emphasize various possible strategies for aligning and ordering of the otherwise isotropic structures by combining the essential concepts of bottom-up and top-down approaches. A perspective, including a possible future direction of research, novelty and limitations of the methods, particularly in comparison to the existing patterning techniques, is also presented for each setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Nano-science Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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Berkelaar RP, Bampoulis P, Dietrich E, Jansen HP, Zhang X, Kooij ES, Lohse D, Zandvliet HJW. Water-induced blister formation in a thin film polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1017-1025. [PMID: 25547418 DOI: 10.1021/la504002w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A failure mechanism of thin film polymers immersed in water is presented: the formation of blisters. The growth of blisters is counterintuitive as the substrates were noncorroding and the polymer does not swell in water. We identify osmosis as the driving force behind the blister formation. The dynamics of the blister formation is studied experimentally as well as theoretically, and a quantitative model describing the blister growth is developed, which accurately describes the temporal evolution of the blisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P Berkelaar
- Materials Innovation Institute (M2i), 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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18
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Zhang S, Zhu Y, Shi T, Zhao H, You J, Li Y. Selective solvent annealing induced phase separation and dewetting in PMMA/SAN blend ultrathin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- College of Material; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University; No. 16, Xuelin Road Xiasha High-tech Zone Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Material; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University; No. 16, Xuelin Road Xiasha High-tech Zone Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun You
- College of Material; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University; No. 16, Xuelin Road Xiasha High-tech Zone Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Material; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University; No. 16, Xuelin Road Xiasha High-tech Zone Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
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Liu D, Wang T. Instability of hydrophobic and viscoelastic polymer thin films in water at room temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:415101. [PMID: 23978955 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/41/415101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The instability of a polyisoprene (PI) thin film on a silicon substrate at room temperature in an aqueous environment was investigated by atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. The instability mechanism changes from spinodal dewetting to hole nucleation with increasing film thickness, with the transitional thickness found to be around 46-50 nm. For PI films ≥50 nm, the dewetting was observed to proceed via successive stages of hole nucleation and growth, hole coalescence, cellular pattern formation and droplet formation. There is also a slowing down in the rate of the PI dewetting process and an increase in the pattern size as the film thickness is increased. In those films with observable holes, we also observed the coexistence of fine cellular cracking that is on a much smaller scale of hundreds of nanometres and extends only a few nanometres in depth from the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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20
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You J, Zhang S, Huang G, Shi T, Li Y. Solvent annealing induced phase separation and dewetting in PMMA/SAN blend film: Film thickness and solvent dependence. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang S, Shi T, You J, Li Y. Solvent annealing induced phase separation and dewetting in PMMA/SAN blend films: composition dependence. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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22
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Xu L, Sharma A, Joo SW. Dewetting of Stable Thin Polymer Films Induced by a Poor Solvent: Role of Polar Interactions. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301227m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea
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Verma A, Sharma A. Sub-40 nm polymer dot arrays by self-organized dewetting of electron beam treated ultrathin polymer films. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00956k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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24
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Ohk CW, Zin WC. Rim instability in polymethylmethacrylate films on self-assembled monolayers with the hydrophilicity. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Gallyamov MO. Scanning Force Microscopy as Applied to Conformational Studies in Macromolecular Research. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1210-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Srivastava S, Bandyopadhyay D, Sharma A. Embedded microstructures by electric-field-induced pattern formation in interacting thin layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10943-10952. [PMID: 20481464 DOI: 10.1021/la100968p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electric-field-induced interfacial instabilities and pattern formation in a pair of interacting thin films are analyzed on the basis of linear stability analysis and long-wave nonlinear simulations. The films are coated onto two parallel plate electrodes and separated by an air gap between them. A linear stability analysis (LSA) is carried out for viscoelastic films to show that the ratios of material properties to films thickness control the length scale and timescale significantly and the presence of the second layer increases the overall capacitance and thus can lead to a smaller length scale as compared to the instability in a single film. Long-wave nonlinear analysis for interacting viscous layers indicates that the instabilities are always initiated by the antiphase squeezing rather than the in-phase bending mode of deformation at the interfaces. Nonlinear simulations on patterned electrodes show that this novel geometry for electric field patterning can be employed to generate intricate, embedded 3-D periodic patterns and to miniaturize patterns. Simulations are presented for e-molding of a number of periodic self-organized patterns such as pincushion structures, straight/corrugated embedded microchannels, and microbubbles. A few interesting examples are also shown where (1) the pathway of evolution changes without altering the equilibrium morphology when kinetic parameters such as viscous forces are changed and (2) the self-organized equilibrium morphology does not reproduce the underlying patterns on the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Min EH, Ting SRS, Billon L, Stenzel MH. Thermo-responsive glycopolymer chains grafted onto honeycomb structured porous films via RAFT polymerization as a thermo-dependent switcher for lectin Concanavalin a conjugation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Jing B, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yi X, Duan H. Water-swelling-induced morphological instability of a supported polymethyl methacrylate thin film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7651-7655. [PMID: 20443587 DOI: 10.1021/la1004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The instability of supported poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films in water has been investigated. It is found that PMMA films partially detach from the solid substrate, resulting in the formation of bubbles under water. The process is reversible. Surface morphology analysis shows that the radius of curvature of the bubbles is dependent on the thickness of the PMMA films and is independent of the treatment of the films, such as the annealing temperature and the annealing time. Theoretical analysis based on a two-layer model (the swollen layer and the interior layer) shows that the partial swelling of PMMA in water is the physical origin of bubble formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benxin Jing
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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29
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Srivastava S, Reddy PDS, Wang C, Bandyopadhyay D, Sharma A. Electric field induced microstructures in thin films on physicochemically heterogeneous and patterned substrates. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:174703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3400653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Luo C, Han X, Gao Y, Liu H. Solvent-Induced Crystallization of PS-b-PEO-b-PS Block Copolymer Films. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340903547380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Luo
- a Laboratory for Advanced Material and Department of Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Han
- a Laboratory for Advanced Material and Department of Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- b State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- a Laboratory for Advanced Material and Department of Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, China
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Xue L, Han Y. Autophobic dewetting of a poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film on a silicon wafer treated in good solvent vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5135-5140. [PMID: 19278204 DOI: 10.1021/la8041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films on a silicon wafer with a native oxide layer exposed to solvent vapors is dependent on the solvent properties. In the nonsolvent vapor, the film spread on the substrate with some protrusions generated on the film surface. In the good solvent vapor, dewetting happened. A new interface formed between the anchored PMMA chains and the swollen upper part of the film. Entropy effects caused the upper movable chains to dewet on the anchored chains. The rim instability depended on the surface tension of solvent (i.e., the finger was generated in acetone vapor (gamma(acetone) = 24 mN/m), not in dioxane vapor (gamma(dioxane) = 33 mN/m)). The spacing (lambda) that grew as an exponential function of film thickness h scaled as approximately h(1.31), whereas the mean size (D) of the resulting droplets grew linearly with h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
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