1
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Houghton MC, Toropov NA, Yu D, Bagby S, Vollmer F. Single Molecule Thermodynamic Penalties Applied to Enzymes by Whispering Gallery Mode Biosensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403195. [PMID: 38995192 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Optical microcavities, particularly whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities enhanced by plasmonic nanorods, are emerging as powerful platforms for single-molecule sensing. However, the impact of optical forces from the plasmonic near field on analyte molecules is inadequately understood. Using a standard optoplasmonic WGM single-molecule sensor to monitor two enzymes, both of which undergo an open-to-closed-to-open conformational transition, the work done on an enzyme by the WGM sensor as atoms of the enzyme move through the electric field gradient of the plasmonic hotspot during conformational change has been quantified. As the work done by the sensor on analyte enzymes can be modulated by varying WGM intensity, the WGM microcavity system can be used to apply free energy penalties to regulate enzyme activity at the single-molecule level. The findings advance the understanding of optical forces in WGM single-molecule sensing, potentially leading to the capability to precisely manipulate enzyme activity at the single-molecule level through tailored optical modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Houghton
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nikita A Toropov
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Deshui Yu
- National Time Service Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
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2
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Sun IC, Dumani DS, Emelianov SY. Applications of the Photocatalytic and Photoacoustic Properties of Gold Nanorods in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3575-3582. [PMID: 38235729 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The applications of ultrasound imaging are often limited due to low contrast, which arises from the comparable acoustic impedance of normal tissues and disease sites. To improve the low contrast, we propose a contrast agent called gas-generating laser-activatable nanorods for contrast enhancement (GLANCE), which enhances ultrasound imaging contrast in two ways. First, GLANCE absorbs near-infrared lasers and generates nitrogen gas bubbles through the photocatalytic function of gold nanorods and photolysis of azide compounds. These gas bubbles decrease the acoustic impedance and highlight the injection site from the surrounding tissues. Second, GLANCE exhibits photoacoustic properties owing to the gold nanorods that emit photoacoustic signals upon laser irradiation. Additionally, GLANCE offers several benefits for biomedical applications such as nanometer-scale size, adjustable optical absorption, and biocompatibility. These distinctive features of GLANCE would overcome the limitations of conventional ultrasound imaging and facilitate the accurate diagnosis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Sun
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego S Dumani
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Stanislav Y Emelianov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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Simas MV, Olaniyan PO, Hati S, Davis GA, Anspach G, Goodpaster JV, Manicke NE, Sardar R. Superhydrophobic Surface Modification of Polymer Microneedles Enables Fabrication of Multimodal Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Substrates for Synthetic Drug Detection in Blood Plasma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46681-46696. [PMID: 37769194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are widely used substrates for various chemical and biological sensing applications utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which is indeed a highly sensitive and specific analytical approach. This article reports the fabrication of a nanoparticle (NP)-decorated microneedle substrate that is both a SERS substrate and a substrate-supported electrospray ionization (ssESI) mass spectrometry (MS) sample ionization platform. Polymeric ligand-functionalized gold nanorods (Au NRs) are adsorbed onto superhydrophobic surface-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedles through the control of various interfacial interactions. We show that the chain length of the polymer ligands dictates the NR adsorption process. Importantly, assembling Au NRs onto the micrometer-diameter needle tips allows the formation of highly concentrated electromagnetic hot spots, which provide the SERS enhancement factor as high as 1.0 × 106. The micrometer-sized area of the microneedle top and high electromagnetic field enhancement of our system can be loosely compared with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, where the apex of a plasmonic NP-functionalized sharp probe produces high-intensity plasmonic hot spots. Utilizing our NR-decorated microneedle substrates, the synthetic drugs fentanyl and alprazolam are analyzed with a subpicomolar limit of detection. Further analysis of drug-molecule interactions on the NR surface utilizing the Langmuir adsorption model suggests that the higher polarizability of fentanyl allows for a stronger interaction with hydrophilic polymer layers on the NR surface. We further demonstrate the translational aspect of the microneedle substrate for both SERS- and ssESI-MS-based detection of these two potent drugs in 10 drug-of-abuse (DOA) patient plasma samples with minimal preanalysis sample preparation steps. Chemometric analysis for the SERS-based detection shows a very good classification between fentanyl, alprazolam, or a mixture thereof in our selected 10 samples. Most importantly, ssESI-MS analysis also successfully identifies fentanyl or alprazolam in these same 10 DOA plasma samples. We believe that our multimodal detection approach presented herein is a highly versatile detection technology that can be applicable to the detection of any analyte type without performing any complicated sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vitoria Simas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Philomena O Olaniyan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sumon Hati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gregory A Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gavin Anspach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - John V Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Sardar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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4
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Hati S, Yang X, Gupta P, Muhoberac BB, Pu J, Zhang J, Sardar R. Hybrid Metal-Ligand Interfacial Dipole Engineering of Functional Plasmonic Nanostructures for Extraordinary Responses of Optoelectronic Properties. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17499-17515. [PMID: 37579222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmable manipulation of inorganic-organic interfacial electronic properties of ligand-functionalized plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is the key parameter dictating their applications such as catalysis, photovoltaics, and biosensing. Here we report the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) in solid state that are functionalized with dipolar, conjugated ligands. A library of thiocinnamate ligands with varying surface dipole moments were used to functionalize TNPs, which results in ∼150 nm reversible tunability of LSPR peak wavelength with significant peak broadening (∼230 meV). The highly adjustable chemical system of thiocinnamate ligands is capable of shifting the Au work function down to 2.4 eV versus vacuum, i.e., ∼2.9 eV lower than a clean Au (111) surface, and this work function can be modulated up to 3.3 eV, the largest value reported to date through the formation of organothiolate SAMs on Au. Interestingly, the magnitude of plasmonic responses and work function modulation is NP shape dependent. By combining first-principles calculations and experiments, we have established the mechanism of direct wave function delocalization of electrons residing near the Fermi level into hybrid electronic states that are mostly dictated by the inorganic-organic interfacial dipole moments. We determine that both interfacial dipole and hybrid electronic states, and vinyl conjugation together are the key to achieving such extraordinary changes in the optoelectronic properties of ligand-functionalized, plasmonic NPs. The present study provides a quantitative relationship describing how specifically constructed organic ligands can be used to control the interfacial properties of NPs and thus the plasmonic and electronic responses of these functional plasmonics for a wide range of plasmon-driven applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Hati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Barry B Muhoberac
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Sardar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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5
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Arellano-Galindo L, Villar-Alvarez E, Varela A, Figueroa V, Fernandez-Vega J, Cambón A, Prieto G, Barbosa S, Taboada P. Hybrid Gold Nanorod-Based Nanoplatform with Chemo and Photothermal Activities for Bimodal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13109. [PMID: 36361892 PMCID: PMC9659131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs), particularly gold nanorods (AuNRs), appear as excellent platforms not only to transport and deliver bioactive cargoes but also to provide additional therapeutic responses for diseased cells and tissues and/or to complement the action of the carried molecules. In this manner, here, we optimized a previous developed metal-based nanoplatform composed of an AuNR core surrounded by a polymeric shell constructed by means of the layer-by-layer approach, and in which very large amounts of the antineoplasic drug doxorubicin (DOXO) in a single loading step and targeting capability thanks to an outer hyaluronic acid layer were incorporated by means of an optimized fabrication process (PSS/DOXO/PLL/HA-coated AuNRs). The platform retained its nanometer size with a negative surface charge and was colloidally stable in a range of physiological conditions, in which only in some of them some particle clustering was noted with no precipitation. In addition, the dual stimuli-responsiveness of the designed nanoplatform to both endogenous proteases and external applied light stimuli allows to perfectly manipulate the chemodrug release rates and profiles to achieve suitable pharmacodynamics. It was observed that the inherent active targeting abilities of the nanoplatfom allow the achievement of specific cell toxicity in tumoral cervical HeLa cells, whilst healthy ones such as 3T3-Balb fibroblast remain safe and alive in agreement with the detected levels of internalization in each cell line. In addition, the bimodal action of simultaneous chemo- and photothermal bioactivity provided by the platform largely enhances the therapeutic outcomes. Finally, it was observed that our PSS/DOXO/PLL/HA-coated AuNRs induced cell mortality mainly through apoptosis in HeLa cells even in the presence of NIR light irradiation, which agrees with the idea of the chemo-activity of DOXO predominating over the photothermal effect to induce cell death, favoring an apoptotic pathway over necrosis for cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Arellano-Galindo
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Villar-Alvarez
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nanostructured Funtional Group, Catalonian Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN2), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Campus, Av. Serragalliners s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Varela
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Valeria Figueroa
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Javier Fernandez-Vega
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Cambón
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gerardo Prieto
- Grupo de Biofísica e Interfases, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Facultad de Física, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS) e Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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6
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Basnayake Pussepitiyalage V, Hemmati S. Sustainable, Green, and Continuous Synthesis of Fivefold Palladium Nanorods Using l-Ascorbic Acid in a Segmented Millifluidic Flow Reactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4200-4212. [PMID: 35352559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pd nanorods (PdNRs) have recently come to attention due to their wide array of applications. The green synthesis of PdNR with a relatively high yield and high aspect ratio is challenging. A continuous millifluidic flow reactor (CMFR) has been explored to precisely control mass and heat transfer as well as mixing in the PdNR synthesis processes. CMFRs demonstrate a few drawbacks, such as the presence of parabolic velocity profile in the laminar flow of the reaction solution, causing uneven axial residence time distribution. The CMFRs are likely to show irreversible fouling, which may cause the product quality to deteriorate or result in the channel being clogged. These shortcomings can be avoided or minimized using a segmented millifluidic flow reactor (SMFR) that consists of the solution forming a train of individual segments in another inert medium. This study explores the use of a sustainable reducing agent (l-ascorbic acid) in the presence of potassium bromide (KBr) as the capping agent and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the stabilizing agent for PdNR synthesis in an SMFR employing compartmentalized flow of a reaction solution, in which liquid segments consisting of a reaction solution will be immersed in the steam generated by boiling of the solvent water. The effect of reaction parameters such as reagent concentration has been studied on the size and morphology of synthesized Pd nanostructures. A kinetic study has been conducted to calculate the rate of reduction that can be used as a quantitative measure for manipulation of the type and relative concentration of initially formed seeds. It has been shown that the initial reduction rate during the first 45 min of residence time of the millifluidic reactor is about 66% faster compared to the rest of the reaction. A filtration procedure has been utilized to separate Pd nanostructures other than nanorods synthesized in the SMFR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shohreh Hemmati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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7
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Meng Y, Wang M, Zhu Y, Wang S, Yang J, Zhu H, Yan D, Liu C, Xu C, Liu Y. Photothermal conversion performance and acid-induced aggregation of PLNP-Bi 2S 3 composite nanoplatforms. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5285-5295. [PMID: 35293396 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) molecule modified PLNP-Bi2S3 composite nanoplatforms were constructed by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modified Bi2S3 nanoparticles (∼4.6 nm) as a photothermal agent and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) coated Zn2Ga2.98Ge0.75O8:Cr0.023+ (ZGGO:Cr3+@CTAB) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) through electrostatic adsorption. It is found that the above composite nanoplatforms have excellent laser-irradiation thermal stability and good photothermal conversion performance. The measured photothermal conversion efficiency is ∼44%, which is higher than that (∼37%) of the PLNP-GNR (gold nanorod) composite nanoplatforms. Meanwhile, PSS modified PLNP-Bi2S3 composite nanoplatforms exhibited good solution dispersibility in blood and normal tissue environments. While reaching tumor sites, the above composite nanoplatforms can be rapidly accumulated in cancer cells with acidic environments. This pH-responsive acid-induced aggregation can be ascribed to the chemical reaction induced by the protonation of PSS modified PLNP-Bi2S3 composite nanoplatforms with a negatively charged surface in the acidic environments. Our results suggest that PSS modified PLNP-Bi2S3 composite nanoplatforms might be applied to precision diagnosis and therapy of deep-tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqi Meng
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mingwei Wang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hancheng Zhu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Duanting Yan
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Changshan Xu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuxue Liu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
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8
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Wu B, Shao Y, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Sun D. Dual functions of epigallocatechin gallate surface-modified Au nanorods@selenium composites for near-infrared-II light-responsive synergistic antibacterial therapy. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1812-1825. [PMID: 35232312 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211048570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by bacterial infections pose ever-increasing threats to human health, making it important to explore alternative antibacterial strategies. Herein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) surface-modified Au nanorods@selenium composites (ASE NPs) were developed for synergistic NIR-II light-responsive antibacterial therapy. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated the improved antibacterial effect of ASE NPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared with EGCG alone. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated that ASE NPs cured skin wound infections and sepsis in mice caused by S. aureus. Au nanorods with excellent photothermal conversion realized synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) in the NIR-II biowindow with an improved penetration depth at a low power density. More importantly, toxicity analysis showed that the composites had no toxic effects on major organs. Thus, the EGCG surface-modified Au nanorods@selenium composites with an NIR-II light-responsive synergistic activity hold great promise for the effective treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wu
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Shao
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Zheng
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of life sciences, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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9
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Huang Y, Cohen TA, Sperry BM, Larson H, Nguyen HA, Homer MK, Dou FY, Jacoby LM, Cossairt BM, Gamelin DR, Luscombe CK. Organic building blocks at inorganic nanomaterial interfaces. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:61-87. [PMID: 34851347 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review presents our perspective on designing organic molecules for the functionalization of inorganic nanomaterial surfaces, through the model of an "anchor-functionality" paradigm. This "anchor-functionality" paradigm is a streamlined design strategy developed from a comprehensive range of materials (e.g., lead halide perovskites, II-VI semiconductors, III-V semiconductors, metal oxides, diamonds, carbon dots, silicon, etc.) and applications (e.g., light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, lasers, photonic cavities, photocatalysis, fluorescence imaging, photo dynamic therapy, drug delivery, etc.). The structure of this organic interface modifier comprises two key components: anchor groups binding to inorganic surfaces and functional groups that optimize their performance in specific applications. To help readers better understand and utilize this approach, the roles of different anchor groups and different functional groups are discussed and explained through their interactions with inorganic materials and external environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Theodore A Cohen
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Breena M Sperry
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Helen Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Micaela K Homer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura M Jacoby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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10
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Cao F, Wang M, Yi X, Sun D. Enzyme-triggered click chemistry combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the simple and sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity from complex biological samples. Analyst 2022; 147:2494-2499. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic of the enzyme-triggered click chemistry combined with the SERS technique for ALP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Dan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
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11
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Sindram J, Krüsmann M, Otten M, Pauly T, Nagel-Steger L, Karg M. Versatile Route toward Hydrophobically Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanoparticles from Aqueous Dispersions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8225-8237. [PMID: 34260239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of gold nanoparticles in organic solvents is a key challenge in making them available for a wider range of material applications. Polymers are often used as stabilizing ligands because they also allow for the introduction of new properties and functionalities. Many of the established synthesis protocols for gold nanoparticles are water-based. However, the insolubility of many synthetic polymers in water renders the direct functionalization of aqueous particle dispersions with these ligands difficult. Here, we report on an approach for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles, which were prepared by aqueous synthesis, with hydrophobic polymer ligands and their characterization in nonpolar, organic dispersions. Our method employs an auxiliary ligand to first transfer gold nanoparticles from an aqueous to an organic medium. In the organic phase, the auxiliary ligand is then displaced by thiolated polystyrene ligands to form a dense polymer brush on the particle surface. We characterize the structure of the ligand shell using electron microscopy, scattering techniques, and ultracentrifugation and analyze the influence of the molecular weight of the polystyrene ligands on the structure of the polymer brush. We further investigate the colloidal stability of polystyrene-functionalized gold nanoparticles in various organic solvents. Finally, we extend the use of our protocol from small, spherical gold nanoparticles to larger gold nanorods and nanocubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Sindram
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Krüsmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Otten
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Pauly
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,IBI-7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,IBI-7, Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Lin X, O'Reilly Beringhs A, Lu X. Applications of Nanoparticle-Antibody Conjugates in Immunoassays and Tumor Imaging. AAPS J 2021; 23:43. [PMID: 33718979 PMCID: PMC7956929 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern diagnostic technologies rely on both in vitro and in vivo modalities to provide a complete understanding of the clinical state of a patient. Nanoparticle-antibody conjugates have emerged as promising systems to confer increased sensitivity and accuracy for in vitro diagnostics (e.g., immunoassays). Meanwhile, in vivo applications have benefited from the targeting ability of nanoparticle-antibody conjugates, as well as payload flexibility and tailored biodistribution. This review provides an encompassing overview of nanoparticle-antibody conjugates, from chemistry to applications in medical immunoassays and tumor imaging, highlighting the underlying principles and unique features of relevant preclinical applications employing commonly used imaging modalities (e.g., optical/photoacoustics, positron-emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Xiuling Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
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14
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Preparation, Functionalization, Modification, and Applications of Nanostructured Gold: A Critical Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) play a significant role in science and technology because of their unique size, shape, properties and broad range of potential applications. This review focuses on the various approaches employed for the synthesis, modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au. The potential catalytic applications and their enhancement upon modification of Au nanostructures have also been discussed in detail. The present analysis also offers brief summaries of the major Au nanomaterials synthetic procedures, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, direct oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, sonochemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, microwave and laser pyrolysis. Among the various strategies used for improving the catalytic performance of nanostructured Au, the modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au produced better results. Therefore, various synthesis, modification and functionalization methods employed for better catalytic outcomes of nanostructured Au have been summarized in this review.
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15
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Wang Z, Luan J, Seth A, Liu L, You M, Gupta P, Rathi P, Wang Y, Cao S, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Gupta R, zhou Q, Morrissey JJ, Scheller EL, Rudra JS, Singamaneni S. Microneedle patch for the ultrasensitive quantification of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:64-76. [PMID: 33483710 PMCID: PMC8020465 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection and quantification of protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid is hampered by challenges in its sampling and analysis. Here we report the use of a microneedle patch for fast in vivo sampling and on-needle quantification of target protein biomarkers in interstitial fluid. We used plasmonic fluor-an ultrabright fluorescent label-to improve the limit of detection of various interstitial fluid protein biomarkers by nearly 800-fold compared with conventional fluorophores, and a magnetic backing layer to implement conventional immunoassay procedures on the patch and thus improve measurement consistency. We used the microneedle patch in mice for minimally invasive evaluation of the efficiency of a cocaine vaccine, for longitudinal monitoring of the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and for efficient sampling of the calvarial periosteum-a challenging site for biomarker detection-and the quantification of its levels of the matricellular protein periostin, which cannot be accurately inferred from blood or other systemic biofluids. Microneedle patches for the minimally invasive collection and analysis of biomarkers in interstitial fluid might facilitate point-of-care diagnostics and longitudinal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Minli You
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Priya Rathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Qingjun zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA,Corresponding authors, ; ;
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA,Corresponding authors, ; ;
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110,Corresponding authors, ; ;
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16
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van der Meer SB, Hadrovic I, Meiners A, Loza K, Heggen M, Knauer SK, Bayer P, Schrader T, Beuck C, Epple M. New Tools to Probe the Protein Surface: Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Carry Amino Acid Binders. J Phys Chem B 2020; 125:115-127. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Beatrice van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Inesa Hadrovic
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Meiners
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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17
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Renner AM, Ilyas S, Schlößer HA, Szymura A, Roitsch S, Wennhold K, Mathur S. Receptor-Mediated In Vivo Targeting of Breast Cancer Cells with 17α-Ethynylestradiol-Conjugated Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14819-14828. [PMID: 33210924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient therapies for breast cancer remain elusive because of the lack of strategies for targeted transport and receptor-mediated uptake of synthetic drug molecules by cancer cells. Conjugation of nanoparticles (NPs) with active targeting ligands enabling selective molecular recognition of antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells is promising for localization and treatment of malignant cells. In this study, covalent attachment of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol on the silica (SiO2) shell of silica-gold NPs (SiO2@Au) was undertaken to improve the cancer-targeting ability of the nano-biotags. Chemical and structural analysis of the bioconjugates examined in solution (UV-vis and ξ-potential) and solid state (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy) confirmed the identity of the carrier particles and surface-bound ligands. The mesoporous silica shell served as a reservoir for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin and quercetin) and to facilitate covalent attachment of receptor molecules by click chemistry protocols. The chemoselective recognition between the nanoconjugates and cell membranes was successfully demonstrated by the accumulation of nanoprobes in the tumor tissue of mice with subcutaneous breast cancer, whereas healthy cells were unaffected. The drug release studies showed sustained release kinetics over several weeks. These findings elaborate the exceptional selectivity and potential of estrogen-coated nano-biolabels in efficient diagnosis and detection of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Renner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shaista Ilyas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans A Schlößer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Szymura
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Roitsch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Luan J, Seth A, Gupta R, Wang Z, Rathi P, Cao S, Gholami Derami H, Tang R, Xu B, Achilefu S, Morrissey JJ, Singamaneni S. Ultrabright fluorescent nanoscale labels for the femtomolar detection of analytes with standard bioassays. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:518-530. [PMID: 32313101 PMCID: PMC7231648 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The detection and quantification of low-abundance molecular biomarkers in biological samples is challenging. Here, we show that a plasmonic nanoscale construct serving as an ‘add-on’ label for a broad range of bioassays improves their signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range without altering their workflow and read-out devices. The plasmonic construct consists of a bovine-serum-albumin scaffold with approximately 210 IRDye 800CW fluorophores (with fluorescence intensity approximately 6700-fold that of a single 800CW fluorophore), a polymer-coated gold nanorod acting as a plasmonic antenna, and biotin as a high-affinity biorecognition element. Its emission wavelength can be tuned over the visible and near-infrared spectral regions by modifying its size, shape and composition. It is compatible with multiplexed bead-based immunoassays (it improves the limit of detection by up to 4,750-fold in fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assays), immuno-microarrays, flow-cytometry and immunocytochemistry methods, and it shortens overall assay times and lowers sample volumes, as shown for the detection of a pro-inflammatory cytokine in mouse interstitial fluid and of urinary biomarkers in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priya Rathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hamed Gholami Derami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baogang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Zhang J, Mou L, Jiang X. Surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles for health-related applications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:923-936. [PMID: 34084347 PMCID: PMC8145530 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of gold nanoparticles is crucial for the effective utilization of these materials in health-related applications. Health-related applications of gold nanoparticles rely on the physical and chemical reactions between molecules and gold nanoparticles. Surface chemistry can precisely control and tailor the surface properties of gold nanoparticles to meet the needs of applications. Gold nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties, and have been used in a broad range of applications from prophylaxis to diagnosis and treatment. The surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles plays a crucial role in all of these applications. This minireview summarizes these applications from the perspective of surface chemistry and explores how surface chemistry improves and imparts new properties to gold nanoparticles for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Lei Mou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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20
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Wang Y, van Asdonk K, Zijlstra P. A Robust and General Approach to Quantitatively Conjugate Enzymes to Plasmonic Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13356-13363. [PMID: 31545896 PMCID: PMC6798157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugates of plasmonic nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their potential biomedical applications. Successful bioconjugation requires control over the number and activity of the conjugated proteins and the colloidal stability of the particles. In practice, this requires reoptimization of the conjugation protocol for each combination of protein and nanoparticle. Here, we report a robust and general protocol that allows for the conjugation of a range of proteins to different types of nanoparticles using very short polyethylene-glycol(PEG) linkers, while simultaneously preserving protein activity and colloidal stability. The use of short linkers ensures that the protein is located close to the particle surface, where the refractive index sensitivity and near-field enhancement are maximal. We demonstrate that the use of a Tween20 containing stabilizing buffer is critical in maintaining colloidal stability and protein function throughout the protocol. We obtain quantitative control over the average number of enzymes per particle by either varying the number of functional groups on the particle or the enzyme concentration during incubation. This new route of preparing quantitative protein-nanoparticle bioconjugates paves the way to develop rational and quantitative strategies to functionalize nanoparticles for applications in sensing, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karsten van Asdonk
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Baidoo SA, Sarkodie EK, Boakye-Yiadom KO, Kesse S. Nanomedicinal delivery systems for intelligent treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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van der Meer SB, Loza K, Wey K, Heggen M, Beuck C, Bayer P, Epple M. Click Chemistry on the Surface of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles (2 nm) for Covalent Ligand Attachment Followed by NMR Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7191-7204. [PMID: 31039607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (core diameter 2 nm) were surface-conjugated with azide groups by attaching the azide-functionalized tripeptide lysine(N3)-cysteine-asparagine with ∼117 molecules on each nanoparticle. A covalent surface modification with alkyne-containing molecules was then possible by copper-catalyzed click chemistry. The successful clicking to the nanoparticle surface was demonstrated with 13C-labeled propargyl alcohol. All steps of the nanoparticle surface conjugation were verified by extensive NMR spectroscopy on dispersed nanoparticles. The particle diameter and the dispersion state were assessed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), and 1H-DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The clicking of fluorescein (FAM-alkyne) gave strongly fluorescing ultrasmall nanoparticles that were traced inside eukaryotic cells. The uptake of these nanoparticles after 24 h by HeLa cells was very efficient and showed that the nanoparticles even penetrated the nuclear membrane to a very high degree (in contrast to dissolved FAM-alkyne alone that did not enter the cell). About 8 fluorescein molecules were clicked to each nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Beatrice van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstr. 5-7 , 45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstr. 5-7 , 45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstr. 5-7 , 45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45117 Essen , Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätsstr. 5-7 , 45117 Essen , Germany
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23
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Mirza AZ, Shamshad H. Fabrication and characterization of doxorubicin functionalized PSS coated gold nanorod. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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24
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Gößl D, Singer H, Chiu HY, Schmidt A, Lichtnecker M, Engelke H, Bein T. Highly active enzymes immobilized in large pore colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase and horseradish peroxidase are immobilized inside the ordered material by click reactions. Colorimetric assays prove their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Gößl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Helena Singer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Hsin-Yi Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Alexandra Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Martina Lichtnecker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Hanna Engelke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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25
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Multispectral Plasmon of Anisotropic Core-shell Gold Nanorods@SiO2: Dual-band Absorption Enhancement with Coupling Dye Molecules. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Yin H, Guo Y, Cui X, Lu W, Yang Z, Yang B, Wang J. Plasmonic and sensing properties of vertically oriented hexagonal gold nanoplates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15058-15070. [PMID: 30059125 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanocrystals, owing to their high sensitivity to the dielectric changes in the surrounding environment, can allow for the direct probing and monitoring of molecular binding on their surfaces. Anisotropic Au nanoplates possess high refractive index sensitivities, with their nanoscale sensing volumes located at their sharp tips and edges. One of the main challenges in molecular detection based on localized plasmon resonance is to increase the detection capability at the single-particle level. Vertically oriented Au nanoplates are more attractive candidates for developing ultrasensitive plasmonic sensors than horizontally oriented ones, as vertical Au nanoplates allow for more analyte molecules to access their sharp tips and edges. However, few reports have studied the sensing performance of vertically oriented, elongated, individual metal nanocrystals. Herein we report on the deposition of vertically oriented, hexagonal Au nanoplates on substrates and the study of their plasmonic and sensing properties. The vertically aligned nanoplates are compared with the horizontally oriented ones both experimentally and through numerical simulations. The vertically oriented nanoplates possess shorter plasmon resonance wavelengths and narrower peak widths than the horizontally oriented ones of similar sizes. The shorter plasmon wavelengths and smaller peak widths are also confirmed by knocking down the vertical Au nanoplates through mild perturbation and performing the scattering measurements beforehand and afterwards. Further scattering measurements of the Au nanoplates upon the adsorption of positively charged polyelectrolyte reveal that the vertical Au nanoplates are more sensitive to the polyelectrolyte molecules than the horizontal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Oliveira JP, Keijok WJ, Prado AR, Guimarães MCC. Tracking the effect of binder length on colloidal stability and bioconjugation of gold nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Yuan M, Jiang Q, Liu KK, Singamaneni S, Chakrabartty S. Towards an Integrated QR Code Biosensor: Light-Driven Sample Acquisition and Bacterial Cellulose Paper Substrate. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2018; 12:452-460. [PMID: 29877810 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2801566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses two key challenges toward an integrated forward error-correcting biosensor based on our previously reported self-assembled quick-response (QR) code. The first challenge involves the choice of the paper substrate for printing and self-assembling the QR code. We have compared four different substrates that includes regular printing paper, Whatman filter paper, nitrocellulose membrane and lab synthesized bacterial cellulose. We report that out of the four substrates bacterial cellulose outperforms the others in terms of probe (gold nanorods) and ink retention capability. The second challenge involves remote activation of the analyte sampling and the QR code self-assembly process. In this paper, we use light as a trigger signal and a graphite layer as a light-absorbing material. The resulting change in temperature due to infrared absorption leads to a temperature gradient that then exerts a diffusive force driving the analyte toward the regions of self-assembly. The working principle has been verified in this paper using assembled biosensor prototypes where we demonstrate higher sample flow rate due to light induced thermal gradients.
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Rodriguez-Quijada C, Sánchez-Purrà M, de Puig H, Hamad-Schifferli K. Physical Properties of Biomolecules at the Nanomaterial Interface. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2827-2840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sánchez-Purrà
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Helena de Puig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Abstract
Synthetic skills are the prerequisite and foundation for the modern chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The same is true for nanotechnology, whose development has been hindered by the sluggish advance of its synthetic toolbox, i.e., the emerging field of nanosynthesis. Unlike organic chemistry, where the variety of functional groups provides numerous handles for designing chemical selectivity, colloidal particles have only facets and ligands. Such handles are similar in reactivity to each other, limited in type, symmetrically positioned, and difficult to control. In this work, we demonstrate the use of polymer shells as adjustable masks for nanosynthesis, where the different modes of shell transformation allow unconventional designs beyond facet control. In contrast to ligands, which bind dynamically and individually, the polymer masks are firmly attached as sizeable patches but at the same time are easy to manipulate, allowing versatile and multi-step functionalization of colloidal particles at selective locations.
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31
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Liu R, Zhao J, Han G, Zhao T, Zhang R, Liu B, Liu Z, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhang Z. Click-Functionalized SERS Nanoprobes with Improved Labeling Efficiency and Capability for Cancer Cell Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38222-38229. [PMID: 28920430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Precise identification and detection of cancer cells using nanoparticle probes are critically important for early cancer diagnosis and subsequent therapy. We herein develop novel folate receptor (FR)-targeted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes for cancer cell imaging based on a click coupling strategy. A Raman-active derivative (5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-N3 (DNBA-N3)) is designed with a disulfide bond for covalently anchoring to the surface of hollow gold nanoparticles (HAuNPs) and a terminal azide group for facilitating highly efficient conjugation with the bioligand. Modification of HAuNPs with DNBA-N3 yields monolayer coverage of Raman labels absorbed on the nanoparticle surface (HAuNP-DNBA-N3) and strong SERS signals. HAuNP-DNBA-N3 can be simply and effectively conjugated with folate bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne derivatives via a copper-free click reaction. The synthesized nanoprobes (HAuNP-DNBA-folic acid (FA)) exhibit excellent targeted capacities to FR-positive cancer cells relative to FR-negative cells through SERS mappings. The receptor-mediated delivery behaviors are confirmed by comparison with the uptake of HAuNP-DNBA-N3 and free FA competition experiments. In addition to its good stability and benign biocompatibility, the developed SERS nanoprobes have great potential for applications in targeted tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyong Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Guangmei Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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Haine AT, Niidome T. Gold Nanorods as Nanodevices for Bioimaging, Photothermal Therapeutics, and Drug Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:625-628. [PMID: 28674334 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods are promising metals in several biomedical applications such as bioimaging, thermal therapy, and drug delivery. Gold nanorods have strong absorption bands in near-infrared (NIR) light region and show photothermal effects. Since NIR light can penetrate deeply into tissues, their unique optical, chemical, and biological properties have attracted considerable clinical interest. Gold nanorods are expected to act not only as on-demand thermal converters for photothermal therapy but also as mediators of a controlled drug-release system responding to light irradiation. In this review, we discuss current progress using gold nanorods as bioimaging platform, phototherapeutic agents, and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Thu Haine
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Yangon Technological University
| | - Takuro Niidome
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
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Elliott EW, Ginzburg AL, Kennedy ZC, Feng Z, Hutchison JE. Single-Step Synthesis of Small, Azide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Versatile, Water-Dispersible Reagents for Click Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5796-5802. [PMID: 28521100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles possessing functional groups that can be readily conjugated (e.g., through click chemistry) are important precursors for the preparation of customized nanohybrid products. Such nanoparticles, if they are stable against agglomeration, are easily dispersible and have well-defined surface chemistry and size. As click-ready reagents, they can be stored until their time of use and then simply dispersed and reacted with an appropriate substrate. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are excellent candidates for this purpose, and some clickable gold nanoparticles have been developed; however, AuNPs for use in aqueous systems are often prepared through difficult multistep processes and/or can be poorly dispersible in water. Here we report a single-step synthesis of clickable, water-dispersible AuNPs. The synthesis yields uniform, 3.5 nm diameter cores coated with a well-defined molecular ligand shell that makes the AuNPs stable and dispersible in water. The AuNP mixed ligand shell consists of hydroxyl-terminated ethylene glycol-based ligands to promote dispersion in water and a small number of azide-terminated ligands that readily undergo click reactions with alkynes. The use of a mesofluidic reactor affords fine control over the core size and ligand shell composition and ensures reproducible results (e.g., less than 0.1 nm variation in core diameter between batches). The purified reagents were successfully coupled to a variety of alkyne-containing substrates using both Cu-catalyzed and strain-promoted click reactions. Particle size, morphology, stability, and surface composition were thoroughly characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis, and 1H NMR before and after the click reactions. Both the parent nanoparticles and their click chemistry products are stable during storage and remained dispersible for over a year in water, suggesting their potential for environmental, biological, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Aurora L Ginzburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Zachary C Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Zhenshuo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - James E Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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Hu R, Luan J, Kharasch ED, Singamaneni S, Morrissey JJ. Aromatic Functionality of Target Proteins Influences Monomer Selection for Creating Artificial Antibodies on Plasmonic Biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:145-151. [PMID: 27935290 PMCID: PMC5372381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibodies used as biorecognition elements suffer from numerous shortcomings, such as limited chemical and environmental stability and cost. Artificial antibodies based on molecular imprinting are an attractive alternative to natural antibodies. We investigated the role of aromatic interactions in target recognition capabilities of artificial antibodies. Three proteins with different aromatic amino acid content were employed as model targets. Artificial antibodies were formed on nanostructures using combinations of silane monomers of varying aromatic functionality. We employed refractive index sensitivity of plasmonic nanostructures as a transduction platform for monitoring various steps in the imprinting process and to quantify the target recognition capabilities of the artificial antibodies. The sensitivity of the artificial antibodies with aromatic interactions exhibited a protein-dependent enhancement. Selectivity and sensitivity enhancement due to the presence of aromatic groups in imprinted polymer matrix was found to be higher for target proteins with higher aromatic amino acid content. Our results indicate that tailoring the monomer composition based on the amino acid content of the target protein can improve the sensitivity of plasmonic biosensors based on artificial antibodies without affecting the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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35
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Gao F, Bai L, Liu S, Zhang R, Zhang J, Feng X, Zheng Y, Zhao Y. Rationally encapsulated gold nanorods improving both linear and nonlinear photoacoustic imaging contrast in vivo. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:79-86. [PMID: 27911452 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique that integrates the merits of high optical contrast with high ultrasound resolution in deep scattering medium. Unfortunately, the blood background in vivo seriously impedes the quality of imaging due to its comparable optical absorption with contrast agents, especially in conventional linear photoacoustic imaging modality. In this study, we demonstrated that two hybrids consisting of gold nanorods (Au NRs) and zinc tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTPP) exhibited a synergetic effect in improving optical absorption, conversion efficiency from light to heat, and thermoelastic expansion, leading to a notable enhancement in both linear (four times greater) and nonlinear (more than six times) photoacoustic signals as compared with conventional Au NRs. Subsequently, we carefully investigated the interesting factors that may influence photoacoustic signal amplification, suggesting that the coating of ZnTPP on Au NRs could result in the reduction of gold interfacial thermal conductance with a solvent, so that the heat is more confined within the nanoparticle clusters for a significant enhancement of local temperature. Hence, both the linear and nonlinear photoacoustic signals are enhanced on account of better thermal confinement. The present work not only shows that ZnTPP coated Au NRs could serve as excellent photoacoustic nanoamplifiers, but also brings a perspective for photoacoustic image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
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36
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Ni S, Zhu J, Mezour MA, Lennox RB. Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)–gold nanorod (AuNR) conjugates via thermally-mild reaction conditions. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thermally-mild method for covalent binding of SWCNTs to AuNRs, based on an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction, is established and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Mohamed Amine Mezour
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - R. Bruce Lennox
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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37
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Burrows ND, Lin W, Hinman JG, Dennison JM, Vartanian AM, Abadeer NS, Grzincic EM, Jacob LM, Li J, Murphy CJ. Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9905-9921. [PMID: 27568788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique optical properties, and they have the potential to greatly impact many areas of science and technology. Understanding the structure and chemical makeup of their surfaces as well as how to tailor them is of paramount importance in the development of their successful applications. This Feature Article reviews the current understanding of the surface chemistry of as-synthesized gold nanorods, methods of tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods with various inorganic and organic coatings/ligands, and the techniques employed to characterize ligands on the surface of gold nanorods as well as the associated measurement challenges. Specifically, we address the challenges of determining how thick the ligand shell is, how many ligands per nanorod are present on the surface, and where the ligands are located in regiospecific and mixed-ligand systems. We conclude with an outlook on the development of the surface chemistry of gold nanorods leading to the development of a synthetic nanoparticle surface chemistry toolbox analogous to that of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wayne Lin
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua G Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jordan M Dennison
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ariane M Vartanian
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nardine S Abadeer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elissa M Grzincic
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lisa M Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Yuan M, Liu KK, Singamaneni S, Chakrabartty S. Self-Powered Forward Error-Correcting Biosensor Based on Integration of Paper-Based Microfluidics and Self-Assembled Quick Response Codes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:963-971. [PMID: 28113178 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2016.2580156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper extends our previous work on silver-enhancement based self-assembling structures for designing reliable, self-powered biosensors with forward error correcting (FEC) capability. At the core of the proposed approach is the integration of paper-based microfluidics with quick response (QR) codes that can be optically scanned using a smart-phone. The scanned information is first decoded to obtain the location of a web-server which further processes the self-assembled QR image to determine the concentration of target analytes. The integration substrate for the proposed FEC biosensor is polyethylene and the patterning of the QR code on the substrate has been achieved using a combination of low-cost ink-jet printing and a regular ballpoint dispensing pen. A paper-based microfluidics channel has been integrated underneath the substrate for acquiring, mixing and flowing the sample to areas on the substrate where different parts of the code can self-assemble in presence of immobilized gold nanorods. In this paper we demonstrate the proof-of-concept detection using prototypes of QR encoded FEC biosensors.
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Gao F, Bai L, Feng X, Tham HP, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhao L, Zheng Y, Zhao Y. Remarkable In Vivo Nonlinear Photoacoustic Imaging Based on Near-Infrared Organic Dyes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5239-5244. [PMID: 27490362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two near-infrared dyes featuring good dispersion and light-harvesting property present a remarkable nonlinear photoacoustic response in vitro and in vivo comparing with conventional gold nanorods. This study benefits the fabrication of drug delivery platforms with accurate targeting and control effect under photoacoustic image guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Linyi Bai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Huijun Phoebe Tham
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Ruochong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798.
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40
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Chen Y, Xianyu Y, Wu J, Yin B, Jiang X. Click Chemistry-Mediated Nanosensors for Biochemical Assays. Theranostics 2016; 6:969-85. [PMID: 27217831 PMCID: PMC4876622 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry combined with functional nanoparticles have drawn increasing attention in biochemical assays because they are promising in developing biosensors with effective signal transformation/amplification and straightforward signal readout for clinical diagnostic assays. In this review, we focus on the latest advances of biochemical assays based on Cu (I)-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes (CuAAC)-mediated nanosensors, as well as the functionalization of nanoprobes based on click chemistry. Nanoprobes including gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials are covered. We discuss the advantages of click chemistry-mediated nanosensors for biochemical assays, and give perspectives on the development of click chemistry-mediated approaches for clinical diagnosis and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Kaur A, Mann S, Goyal B, Pal B, Goyal D. CuO nanostructures of variable shapes as an efficient catalyst for [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkyne. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CuO nanowires exhibited highest catalytic efficiency for the cycloaddition reaction between azide and terminal alkyne, featuring short reaction time, soft reaction conditions and complete regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib – 140406
- India
| | - Sukhmani Mann
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib – 140406
- India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib – 140406
- India
| | - Bhupender Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib – 140406
- India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib – 140406
- India
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Chen L, Duan B, Luo Q, Gu Z, Liu J, Duan C. Facet-dependent catalytic activity of ZIF-8 nanocubes and rhombic dodecahedra based on tracing substrate diffusion in pores by SERS: a case study for surface catalysis of MOFs. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We employed ZIF-8 rhombic dodecahedra and nanocubes as catalysts to obtain insights into the surface catalysis of MOFs based on facet-dependent catalytic activity for Knoevenagel condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Binhua Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Zhizhi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- PR China
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43
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Stolzer L, Vigovskaya A, Barner-Kowollik C, Fruk L. A Self-Reporting Tetrazole-Based Linker for the Biofunctionalization of Gold Nanorods. Chemistry 2015; 21:14309-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Bo Pang
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Younan Xia
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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45
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Wang Y, Song X, Wang H, Chen H. Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization. J Vis Exp 2015:e52954. [PMID: 26274566 DOI: 10.3791/52954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a template-free method for "polymerizing" nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. Exploiting this tendency, the core-shell nanoparticles are induced to aggregate, coalesce, and then transform into long chains. When more than one type of nanoparticles are used, random and block "copolymers" of nanoparticles can be obtained. Detailed procedures are reported for the PSPAA encapsulation of nanoparticles, homo- and co-polymerization of the core-shell nanoparticles, separation and purification of the resulting nanoparticle chains. Transformations of single-line chains into double- and triple-line chains are also presented. The synergy between the polymer shell and the embedded nanoparticles leads to an unusual chain-growth polymerization mode, giving long nanoparticle chains that are distinct from the products of the traditional step-growth aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Xiohui Song
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University;
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46
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He J, Wang Y, Fan Z, Lam Z, Zhang H, Liu B, Chen H. Substrate-bound growth of Au-Pd diblock nanowire and hybrid nanorod-plate. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8115-8121. [PMID: 25874443 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00361j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We expand the scope of the previously developed Active Surface Growth mode for growing substrate-bound ultrathin Pd (d = 4 nm) and Ag nanowires (d = 30 nm) in aqueous solution under ambient conditions. Using Au nanorods as the seeds, selective growth at the contact line between the rod and the substrate eventually leads to an attached Pd nanoplate. The unique growth mode also allows sequential growth of different materials via a single seed, giving substrate-bound Au-Pd diblock nanowires. The new abilities to use seed shape to pre-define the active sites and to apply sequential growth open windows for new pathways to hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating He
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
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47
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Armstrong RE, Riskowski RA, Strouse GF. Nanometal Surface Energy Transfer Optical Ruler for Measuring a Human Telomere Structure. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:732-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL
| | - Ryan A. Riskowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL
| | - Geoffrey F. Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL
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48
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Howes PD, Chandrawati R, Stevens MM. Bionanotechnology. Colloidal nanoparticles as advanced biological sensors. Science 2014; 346:1247390. [PMID: 25278614 DOI: 10.1126/science.1247390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticle biosensors have received intense scientific attention and offer promising applications in both research and medicine. We review the state of the art in nanoparticle development, surface chemistry, and biosensing mechanisms, discussing how a range of technologies are contributing toward commercial and clinical translation. Recent examples of success include the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum and in vivo sensing of methyl mercury. We identify five key materials challenges, including the development of robust mass-scale nanoparticle synthesis methods, and five broader challenges, including the use of simulations and bioinformatics-driven experimental approaches for predictive modeling of biosensor performance. The resultant generation of nanoparticle biosensors will form the basis of high-performance analytical assays, effective multiplexed intracellular sensors, and sophisticated in vivo probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Howes
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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49
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Wang H, Song X, Liu C, He J, Chong WH, Chen H. Homo- and co-polymerization of polysytrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated metal nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8063-8073. [PMID: 25000121 DOI: 10.1021/nn502084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers such as polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) give micelles that are known to undergo sphere-to-cylinder shape transformation. Exploiting this polymer property, core-shell nanoparticles coated in PSPAA can be "polymerized" into long chains following the chain-growth polymerization mode. This method is now extended to include a variety of different nanoparticles. A case study on the assembly process was carried out to understand the influence of the PAA block length, the surface ligand, and the size and morphology of the monomer nanoparticles. Shortening the PAA block promotes the reorganization of the amphiphilic copolymer in the micelles, which is essential for assembling large Au nanoparticles. Small Au nanoparticles can be directly "copolymerized" with empty PSPAA micelles into chains. The reaction time, acid quantity, and the [Au nanoparticles]/[PSPAA micelles] concentration ratio played important roles in controlling the sphere-cylinder-vesicle conversion of the PSPAA micelles, giving rise to different kinds of random "copolymers". With this knowledge, a general method is then developed to synthesize homo, random, and block "copolymers", where the basic units include small Au nanoparticles (d = 16 nm), large Au nanoparticles (d = 32 nm), Au nanorods, Te nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. Given the lack of means for assembling nanoparticles, advancing synthetic capabilities is of crucial importance. Our work provides convenient routes for combining nanoparticles into long-chain structures, facilitating rational design of complex nanostructures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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50
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Iyer A, Chandra A, Swaminathan R. Hydrolytic enzymes conjugated to quantum dots mostly retain whole catalytic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2935-43. [PMID: 24937605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tagging a luminescent quantum dot (QD) with a biological like enzyme (Enz) creates value-added entities like quantum dot-enzyme bioconjugates (QDEnzBio) that find utility as sensors to detect glucose or beacons to track enzymes in vivo. For such applications, it is imperative that the enzyme remains catalytically active while the quantum dot is luminescent in the bioconjugate. A critical feature that dictates this is the quantum dot-enzyme linkage chemistry. Previously such linkages have put constraints on polypeptide chain dynamics or hindered substrate diffusion to active site, seriously undermining enzyme catalytic activity. In this work we address this issue using avidin-biotin linkage chemistry together with a flexible spacer to conjugate enzyme to quantum dot. METHODS The catalytic activity of three biotinylated hydrolytic enzymes, namely, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated post-conjugation to streptavidin linked quantum dot for multiple substrate concentrations and varying degrees of biotinylation. RESULTS We demonstrate that all enzymes retain full catalytic activity in the quantum dot-enzyme bioconjugates in comparison to biotinylated enzyme alone. However, unlike alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase, the catalytic activity of hen egg white lysozyme was observed to be increasingly susceptible to ionic strength of medium with rising level of biotinylation. This susceptibility was attributed to arise from depletion of positive charge from lysine amino groups after biotinylation. CONCLUSIONS We reasoned that avidin-biotin linkage in the presence of a flexible seven atom spacer between biotin and enzyme poses no constraints to enzyme structure/dynamics enabling retention of full enzyme activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall our results demonstrate for the first time that streptavidin-biotin chemistry can yield quantum dot enzyme bioconjugates that retain full catalytic activity as native enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajaram Swaminathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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