1
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Hu C, van Bonn P, Demco DE, Bolm C, Pich A. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stimuli Responsive Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305783. [PMID: 37177824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical approaches are widely used for the efficient, solvent-free synthesis of organic molecules, however their applicability to the synthesis of functional polymers has remained underexplored. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that mechanochemically triggered free-radical polymerization allows solvent- and initiator-free syntheses of structurally and morphologically well-defined complex functional macromolecular architectures, namely stimuliresponsive microgels. The developed mechanochemical polymerization approach is applicable to a variety of monomers and allows synthesizing microgels with tunable chemical structure, variable size, controlled number of crosslinks and reactive functional end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Hu
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E Demco
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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2
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A tutorial review on bimetallic nanoparticles loaded in smart organic polymer microgels/hydrogels. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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3
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Wang J, Yang ZY, Sheng Zhou C, Fang Qiao C, Yuan F, Liu Q, Luo XX. Preparation and Properties of Composite Hydrogels Based on Microgels Containing Chitosan. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | | | - Chun Sheng Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | - Cheng Fang Qiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | - Xiang Xiang Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
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4
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Hildebrandt M, Lazarev S, Pérez J, Vartanyants IA, Meijer JM, Karg M. SAXS Investigation of Core–Shell Microgels with High Scattering Contrast Cores: Access to Structure Factor and Volume Fraction. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hildebrandt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Javier Pérez
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivan A. Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie I: Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Marsili L, Dal Bo M, Berti F, Toffoli G. Thermoresponsive Chitosan-Grafted-Poly( N-vinylcaprolactam) Microgels via Ionotropic Gelation for Oncological Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1654. [PMID: 34683947 PMCID: PMC8539247 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgels can be considered soft, porous and deformable particles with an internal gel structure swollen by a solvent and an average size between 100 and 1000 nm. Due to their biocompatibility, colloidal stability, their unique dynamicity and the permeability of their architecture, they are emerging as important candidates for drug delivery systems, sensing and biocatalysis. In clinical applications, the research on responsive microgels is aimed at the development of "smart" delivery systems that undergo a critical change in conformation and size in reaction to a change in environmental conditions (temperature, magnetic fields, pH, concentration gradient). Recent achievements in biodegradable polymer fabrication have resulted in new appealing strategies, including the combination of synthetic and natural-origin polymers with inorganic nanoparticles, as well as the possibility of controlling drug release remotely. In this review, we provide a literature review on the use of dual and multi-responsive chitosan-grafted-poly-(N-vinylcaprolactam) (CP) microgels in drug delivery and oncological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marsili
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Federico Berti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.D.B.); (G.T.)
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6
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Heckel J, Loescher S, Mathers RT, Walther A. Chemically Fueled Volume Phase Transition of Polyacid Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7117-7125. [PMID: 33340387 PMCID: PMC8048534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are soft colloids that show responsive behavior and are easy to functionalize for applications. They are considered key components for future smart colloidal material systems. However, so far microgel systems have almost exclusively been studied in classical responsive switching settings using external triggers, while internally organized, autonomous control mechanisms as found in supramolecular chemistry and DNA nanotechnology relying on fuel-driven out-of-equilibrium concepts have not been implemented into microgel systems. Here, we introduce chemically fueled transient volume phase transitions (VPTs) for poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels, where the collapsed hydrophobic state can be programmed using the fuel concentration in a cyclic reaction network. We discuss details of the system behavior as a function of pH and fuel amount, unravel kinetically trapped regions and showcase transient encapsulation and time-programmed release as a first application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heckel
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of ChemistryPennsylvania State UniversityNew KensingtonPA15068USA
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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7
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Heckel J, Loescher S, Mathers RT, Walther A. Chemically Fueled Volume Phase Transition of Polyacid Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heckel
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry Pennsylvania State University New Kensington PA 15068 USA
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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8
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Bochenek S, McNamee CE, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Richtering W. Interactions between a responsive microgel monolayer and a rigid colloid: from soft to hard interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16754-16766. [PMID: 34319323 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-based microgels are commonly used as model colloids with soft repulsive interactions. It has been shown that the microgel-microgel interaction in solution can be easily adjusted by varying the environmental parameters, e.g., temperature, pH, or salt concentration. Furthermore, microgels readily adsorb to liquid-gas and liquid-liquid interfaces forming responsive foams and emulsions that can be broken on-demand. In this work, we explore the interactions between microgel monolayers at the air-water interface and a hard colloid in the water. Force-distance curves between the monolayer and a silica particle were measured with the Monolayer Particle Interaction Apparatus. The measurements were conducted at different temperatures and lateral compressions, i.e., different surface pressures. The force-distance approach curves display long-range repulsive forces below the volume phase transition temperature of the microgels. Temperature and lateral compression reduce the stiffness of the monolayer. The adhesion increases with temperature and decreases with a lateral compression of the monolayer. When compressed laterally, the interactions between the microgels are hardly affected by temperature, as the directly adsorbed microgel fractions are nearly insensitive to temperature. In contrast, our findings show that the temperature-dependent swelling of the microgel fractions in the aqueous phase strongly influences the interaction with the probe. This is explained by a change in the microgel monolayer from a soft to a hard repulsive interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Schmidt MM, Bochenek S, Gavrilov AA, Potemkin II, Richtering W. Influence of Charges on the Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Microgels Confined to Oil-Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11079-11093. [PMID: 32845643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of electrostatics on the interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte microgels has been discussed controversially in the literature. It is not yet clear if, or how, Coulomb interactions affect their behavior under interfacial confinement. In this work, we combine compression isotherms, atomic force microscopy imaging, and computer simulations to further investigate the behavior of pH-responsive microgels at oil-water interfaces. At low compression, charged microgels can be compressed more than uncharged microgels. The in-plane effective area of charged microgels is found to be smaller in comparison to uncharged ones. Thus, the compressibility is governed by in-plane interactions of the microgels with the interface. At high compression, however, charged microgels are less compressible than uncharged microgels. Microgel fractions located in the aqueous phase interact earlier for charged than for uncharged microgels because of their different swelling perpendicular to the interface. Therefore, the compressibility at high compression is controlled by out-of-plane interactions. In addition, the size of the investigated microgels plays a pivotal role. The charge-dependent difference in compressibility at low compression is only observed for small but not for large microgels, while the behavior at high compression does not depend on the size. Our results highlight the complex nature of soft polymer microgels as compared to rigid colloidal particles. We clearly demonstrate that electrostatic interactions affect the interfacial properties of polyelectrolyte microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Guo S, Carvalho WSP, Wong D, Serpe MJ. Alkanethiol Molecular Barriers for Controlling Small Molecule Release Kinetics from a Microgel-Based Reservoir Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47446-47455. [PMID: 31804062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgel-based reservoir devices were constructed by "sandwiching" a single layer of microgels between two thin Au layers (all on a glass support). The microgels were loaded with the model drug crystal violet (CV) utilizing the electrostatic interactions between deprotonated acrylic acid (AAc) and the positively charged CV; release can be triggered from the microgels by neutralizing the deprotonated AAc groups at acidic conditions. Alkanethiols of different alkyl chain lengths and polarities were immobilized on the upper Au layer of the device, and the release rate of the model drug CV from the microgel layer, after acid neutralization, was assessed. We found that the CV release rate was the highest when the alkyl chain length was short and contained a hydrophilic moiety. Conversely, the release rate was hindered by the presence of thiols with long alkyl chain lengths and with no hydrophilic moiety. We explain this phenomenon by quantifying the thiol's ability to hinder acid penetration into the microgel layer, and the ability of free CV to pass through the upper Au layer and into the solution. Utilizing various thiols and mixed thiol layers, we are able to tune release profiles from these reservoir devices to potentially achieve array devices with precisely tuned small molecule release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | | | - Daniel Wong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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11
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Fussell SL, Bayliss K, Coops C, Matthews L, Li W, Briscoe WH, Faers MA, Royall CP, van Duijneveldt JS. Reversible temperature-controlled gelation in mixtures of pNIPAM microgels and non-ionic polymer surfactant. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8578-8588. [PMID: 31642834 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the reversible gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels in the presence of triblock-copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO type) surfactant. We demonstrate that the association of these polymers with the microgel particles at elevated temperature is responsible for the gelation, due to the temperature responsive nature of the components. This is highlighted by an increase in the apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the particles in dynamic light scattering experiments, which only occurs above the volume phase transition temperature of pNIPAM. The gels that result shrink over a time period much larger than that of the collapse of pNIPAM microgels, and retain the shape of the container they form in. We investigate the mechanism that leads to this gelation and the structure of the gels that result. Confocal microscopy experiments show that both polymers are present in the gel network, indicating that an associative mechanism is responsible for the gelation. We vary the pNIPAM particle architecture to further investigate the gelation process, and find that the cross-link distribution plays a key role in the gelation mechanism, where for uniformly cross-linked particles the gelation is not observed. This shows that the fuzzy corona of the pNIPAM microgels is involved in the association of the polymers, allowing the triblock-copolymer to penetrate the outer corona of the microgels and bridge the particles. The phase transition observed is close to physiological conditions, so these gels have the potential for use in biomedical applications, including tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Fussell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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12
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Chimisso V, Fodor C, Meier W. Effect of Divalent Cation on Swelling Behavior of Anionic Microgels: Quantification and Dynamics of Ion Uptake and Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13413-13420. [PMID: 31584278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconate) (P(VCL-co-IADME) microgels were synthesized varying the molar ratio between VCL and IADME via free radical precipitation polymerization in the presence of quaternary ammonium surfactant. In order to determine the effect of the divalent metal ions on the structure and the swelling behavior of the microgel systems, both neutral and charged forms of the hydrogels after hydrolysis were investigated. The triggered gel collapse caused by the divalent metal ion together with the quantification of the metal ion uptake was studied in detail by titration and ion chromatography methods and revealed the minimum concentration around 0.1 mM to trigger gel collapse on the treated gels. Uptake and release dynamics of the gels were followed by turbidity measurements and were in the time-range of 2 and 17 s, depending on the composition and the concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Chimisso
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
| | - Csaba Fodor
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
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13
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Stößlein S, Grunwald I, Khachikyan A, Faßbender F, Thiel K, Hartwig A. Preparation and pH‐Dependent Properties of Hydrogels Based on Acidic Copolymers with PEG Side Chains and α‐Cyclodextrin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stößlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials Wiener Straße 12 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/ChemistryUniversity of Bremen Leobener Straße 2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Ingo Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials Wiener Straße 12 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/ChemistryUniversity of Bremen Leobener Straße 2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Alexander Khachikyan
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Fabian Faßbender
- Department 2 Biology/ChemistryUniversity of Bremen Leobener Straße 2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Karsten Thiel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials Wiener Straße 12 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials Wiener Straße 12 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/ChemistryUniversity of Bremen Leobener Straße 2 28359 Bremen Germany
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14
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Islam MS, Tan JPK, Kwok CY, Tam KC. Drug release kinetics of pH-responsive microgels of different glass-transition temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - J. P. K. Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; Agency for Science and Technology Research; 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - C. Y. Kwok
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - K. C. Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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15
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Zhang J, Chen L, Chen J, Wu D, Feng J. Dextran microgels loaded with ZnO QDs: pH-triggered degradation under acidic conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Liqun Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Jiada Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
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16
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Lanzalaco S, Armelin E. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Copolymers: A Review on Recent Progresses in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2017; 3:E36. [PMID: 30920531 PMCID: PMC6318659 DOI: 10.3390/gels3040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate ability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thermo-responsive hydrogel to copolymerize and to graft synthetic polymers and biomolecules, in conjunction with the highly controlled methods of radical polymerization which are now available, have expedited the widespread number of papers published in the last decade-especially in the biomedical field. Therefore, PNIPAAm-based hydrogels are extensively investigated for applications on the controlled delivery of active molecules, in self-healing materials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, or in the smart encapsulation of cells. The most promising polymers for biodegradability enhancement of PNIPAAm hydrogels are probably poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and/or poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), whereas the biocompatibility is mostly achieved with biopolymers. Ultimately, advances in three-dimensional bioprinting technology would contribute to the design of new devices and medical tools with thermal stimuli response needs, fabricated with PNIPAAm hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lanzalaco
- Industrial and Digital Innovation Department (DIID), Chemical Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/d'Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Building I, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), C/d'Eduard Maristany 10-14, Edifici IS, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Nie J, Du B. Formation of Microgels by Utilizing the Reactivity of Catechols with Radicals. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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18
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Ahiabu A, Serpe MJ. Rapidly Responding pH- and Temperature-Responsive Poly ( N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels and Assemblies. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1769-1777. [PMID: 31457540 PMCID: PMC6640923 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly responding stimuli-responsive materials can have a benefit in a myriad of applications, for example, sensing and biosensing, actuation, and in drug delivery systems. Thermo- and pH-responsive materials have been among the most widely studied, and can be triggered at physiologically relevant temperatures and pH. Here, we have used a "homologous series" of acids based on the acrylic acid (AAc) backbone and incorporated them into N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)-based microgels. Specifically, the acids used were AAc, methacrylic acid (MAAc), ethylacrylic acid (EAAc), and butylacrylic acid (BAAc), which have pK a's in the range of 4.25-7.4. The resultant microgels were characterized by optical microscopy, and their responsivity to temperature and pH studied by dynamic light scattering. The microgels were subsequently used to generate optical devices (etalons) and their pH and temperature response was also investigated. We found that the devices composed of BAAc-modified microgels exhibit unusually fast response kinetics relative to those of the rest of the devices. We also found that the speed of the response decreased as the length of the acid pendant group decreased, with AAc-modified microgel-based devices exhibiting the slowest response kinetics. Finally, we showed that the kinetics of the device's temperature response also decreased as the length of the acid pendant group decreased, which we hypothesize is a consequence of the hydrophobicity of the acid groups, that is, increased hydrophobicity leads to faster responses. Understanding this behavior can lead to the rational design of fast responding materials for the applications mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrews Ahiabu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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19
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Cui R, Zhang Z, Nie J, Du B. Tuning the morphology, network structure, and degradation of thermo-sensitive microgels by controlled addition of degradable cross-linker. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Nyström L, Álvarez-Asencio R, Frenning G, Saunders BR, Rutland MW, Malmsten M. Electrostatic Swelling Transitions in Surface-Bound Microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27129-27139. [PMID: 27644921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, electrostatic swelling transitions of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) microgels covalently bound to silica surfaces are investigated. Confined at a solid surface, microgel swelling is anisotropically hindered and the structure is flattened to an extent dictated by pH and microgel composition. Microgel deformation under applied load is also shown to depend on microgel charge density, with the highest deformation observed at intermediate charge densities. Two modes of microgel deformation under load were observed, one elastic and one viscoelastic, related to polymer strand deformation and displacement of trapped water, respectively. Results on polymer strand dynamics reveal that the microgels are highly dynamic, as the number of strand-tip interaction points increases 4-fold during a 10 s contact time. Furthermore, finite element modeling captures these effects qualitatively and shows that stress propagation in the microgel network decays locally at the rim of contact with a solid interface or close to the tip probe. Taken together, the results demonstrate a delicate interplay between the surface and microgel which determines the structure and nanomechanical properties of the latter and needs to be controlled in applications of systems such as pH-responsive surface coatings in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nyström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rubén Álvarez-Asencio
- Department of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brian R Saunders
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester , MSS Tower, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Rutland
- Department of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces , SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Pieprzyk S, Heyes DM, Brańka AC. Spatially dependent diffusion coefficient as a model for pH sensitive microgel particles in microchannels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054118. [PMID: 27795750 PMCID: PMC5065575 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Solute transport and intermixing in microfluidic devices is strongly dependent on diffusional processes. Brownian Dynamics simulations of pressure-driven flow of model microgel particles in microchannels have been carried out to explore these processes and the factors that influence them. The effects of a pH-field that induces a spatial dependence of particle size and consequently the self-diffusion coefficient and system thermodynamic state were focused on. Simulations were carried out in 1D to represent some of the cross flow dependencies, and in 2D and 3D to include the effects of flow and particle concentration, with typical stripe-like diffusion coefficient spatial variations. In 1D, the mean square displacement and particle displacement probability distribution function agreed well with an analytically solvable model consisting of infinitely repulsive walls and a discontinuous pH-profile in the middle of the channel. Skew category Brownian motion and non-Gaussian dynamics were observed, which follows from correlations of step lengths in the system, and can be considered to be an example of so-called "diffusing diffusivity." In Poiseuille flow simulations, the particles accumulated in regions of larger diffusivity and the largest particle concentration throughput was found when this region was in the middle of the channel. The trends in the calculated cross-channel diffusional behavior were found to be very similar in 2D and 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pieprzyk
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - D M Heyes
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A C Brańka
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Nyström L, Nordström R, Bramhill J, Saunders BR, Álvarez-Asencio R, Rutland MW, Malmsten M. Factors Affecting Peptide Interactions with Surface-Bound Microgels. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:669-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nyström
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Randi Nordström
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jane Bramhill
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R. Saunders
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén Álvarez-Asencio
- Department
of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark W. Rutland
- Department
of Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, SP Chemistry,
Materials and Surfaces, SE-114
86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-752 32 Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Zhu L, Zhao C, Gong D. Ca2+Responsive Microgel-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1118702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Xun W, Richtering W. Dilution leading to viscosity increase based on the cononsolvency effect of temperature-sensitive microgel suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Li ZB, Xiang YH, Zhou XJ, Nie JJ, Peng M, Du BY. Thermo-sensitive poly(DEGMMA-co-MEA) microgels: Synthesis, characterization and interfacial interaction with adsorbed protein layer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Cui Z, Milani AH, Greensmith PJ, Yan J, Adlam DJ, Hoyland JA, Kinloch IA, Freemont AJ, Saunders BR. A study of physical and covalent hydrogels containing pH-responsive microgel particles and graphene oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13384-13393. [PMID: 25313805 DOI: 10.1021/la5032015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we mixed low concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) with microgel (MG) particles and formed composite doubly cross-linked microgels (DX MG/GO) gels. The MG particles comprised poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-1,4-butanediol diacrylate) with pendant glycidyl methacrylate units. The MG/GO mixed dispersions formed physical gels of singly cross-linked MGs (termed SX MG/GO), which were subsequently heated to produce DX MG/GO gels by free-radical reaction. The influence of the GO concentration on the mechanical properties of the SX MG/GO and DX MG/GO gels was investigated using dynamic rheology and static compression measurements. The SX MG/GO physical gels were injectable and moldable. The moduli for the DX MG/GO gels increased by a factor of 4-6 when only ca. 1.0 wt % of GO was included. The isostrain model was used to describe the variation of modulus with DX MG/GO composition. Inclusion of GO dramatically altered the stress dissipation and yielding mechanisms for the gels. GO acted as a high surface area, high modulus filler and played an increasing role in load distribution as the GO concentration increased. It is proposed that MG domains were dispersed within a percolated GO network. Comparison of the modulus data with those published for GO-free DX MGs showed that inclusion of GO provided an unprecedented rate of modulus increase with network volume fraction for this family of colloid gels. Furthermore, the DX MG/GO gels were biocompatible and the results imply that there may be future applications of these new systems as injectable load supporting gels for soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Cui
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester , Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhou X, Zhou Y, Nie J, Ji Z, Xu J, Zhang X, Du B. Thermosensitive ionic microgels via surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization and in situ quaternization cross-linking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4498-513. [PMID: 24588095 DOI: 10.1021/am500291n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A type of thermosensitive ionic microgel was successfully prepared via the simultaneous quaternized cross-linking reaction during the surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) as the main monomer and 1-vinylimidazole or 4-vinylpyridine as the comonomer. 1,4-Dibromobutane and 1,6-dibromohexane were used as the halogenated compounds to quaternize the tertiary amine in the comonomer, leading to the formation of a cross-linking network and thermosensitive ionic microgels. The sizes, morphologies, and properties of the obtained ionic microgels were systematically investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The obtained ionic microgels were spherical in shape with narrow size distribution. These ionic microgels exhibited thermosensitive behavior and a unique feature of poly(ionic liquid) in aqueous solutions, of which the counteranions of the microgels could be changed by anion exchange reaction with BF4K or lithium trifluoromethyl sulfonate (PFM-Li). After the anion exchange reaction, the ionic microgels were stable in aqueous solution and could be well dispersed in the solvents with different polarities, depending on the type of counteranion. The sizes and thermosensitive behavior of the ionic microgels could be well tuned by controlling the quaternization extent, the type of comonomer, halogenated compounds, and counteranions. The ionic microgels showed superior swelling properties in aqueous solution. Furthermore, these ionic microgels also showed capabilities to encapsulate and release the anionic dyes, like methyl orange, in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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28
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Mechanical properties of pH-responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid) microgels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Farley R, Saunders BR. A general method for functionalisation of microgel particles with primary amines using click chemistry. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Thaiboonrod S, Milani AH, Saunders BR. Doubly crosslinked poly(vinyl amine) microgels: hydrogels of covalently inter-linked cationic microgel particles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:110-119. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Preparation and properties of a dually responsive hydrogels based on polyampholyte for oral delivery of drugs. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-0975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Okada S, Mizukami S, Matsumura Y, Yoshioka Y, Kikuchi K. A nanospherical polymer as an MRI sensor without paramagnetic or superparamagnetic species. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15864-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Cook JP, Riley DJ. pH induced swelling of PVP microgel particles – A first order phase transition? J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 370:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Li Z, Kwok MH, Ngai T. Preparation of Responsive Micrometer-Sized Microgel Particles with a Highly Functionalized Shell. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:419-25. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Fan K, Bradley M, Vincent B. Photo-responsive properties of poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) microgel particles with absorbed, hydrophobically modified organic salts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368:287-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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36
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Gao DG, Ma JZ, Guo HQ. Swelling properties of pH-responsive hydrophobically modified hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid-co-diallylammonium salt) in aqueous solution. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Ge Gao
- College of Resource and Environment; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710021 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ma
- College of Resource and Environment; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710021 China
| | - Hai-Qing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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37
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Synthesis and properties of organic-inorganic hybrid P(NIPAM-co-AM-co-TMSPMA) microgels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Fan K, Bradley M, Vincent B, Faul CFJ. Effect of chain length on the interaction between modified organic salts containing hydrocarbon chains and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgel particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4362-4370. [PMID: 21410203 DOI: 10.1021/la104411j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of four hydrophobically modified, diphenylazo-based organic salts have been prepared and characterized. To achieve this a C(x) (x = 4, 6, 8, or 10) hydrocarbon chain was inserted between the diphenylazo moiety and the quaternary ammonium headgroup of the salt. The absorption of each of the four modified organic salts into anionic microgel particles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) has been studied at pH 8. In addition, the hydrodynamic diameters and electrophoretic mobilities of the microgel particles have been studied as a function of the organic salt concentration, also at pH 8. In addition to the electrostatic attraction between the quaternary ammonium head groups of the organic salts and the anionic groups within the microgel particles, hydrophobic association between the chains of the organic salts within the microgel particles plays a role, with this effect increasing strongly from x=4 to 10. Desorption of the x=4 and 6 organic salts occurs readily on changing, in situ, the pH from 8 to 2.5 (and thereby eliminating the electrostatic interaction) but is only partially achieved for the x=8 and 10 organic salts. Indeed, for the x=10 organic salt, only about 80% of the organic salt is desorbed upon dilution of the microgel particles into a large excess of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhong Fan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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39
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pH-responsive microgels containing hydrophilic crosslinking co-monomers: shell-exploding microgels through design. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Bysell H, Hansson P, Malmsten M. Effect of Charge Density on the Interaction between Cationic Peptides and Oppositely Charged Microgels. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7207-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1016664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bysell
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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The interaction between multi-charged organic salts and poly(vinylpyridine) microgel particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Christodoulakis KE, Vamvakaki M. Amphoteric core-shell microgels: contraphilic two-compartment colloidal particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:639-647. [PMID: 19754064 DOI: 10.1021/la902231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive amphoteric core-shell microgel particles were synthesized by emulsion copolymerization of the appropriate functional monomers with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) was used as the ionizable basic monomer, and tert-butyl methacrylate served as the hydrophobic monomer precursor, which gave the methacrylic acid (MAA) moieties following acid hydrolysis of the ester groups. The core of the polyampholyte microgels comprised a cross-linked poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEA) or poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) network surrounded by a cross-linked PMAA or PDEA shell, respectively. A polyampholyte random copolymer microgel with the DEA and MAA units randomly distributed within the gel phase was also prepared. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed spherical particles of a narrow size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy verified the core-shell topology of the particles. Potentiometric titration curves revealed two plateau regions for the polyampholyte core-shell microgels attributed to the independent ionization process of the core and the shell of the particles, in contrast to the random copolymer microgel particles that exhibited a single plateau region as a result of the simultaneous protonation/deprotonation process of the basic and acidic moieties of the microgels. The core and the shell of the particles were found to swell independently upon ionization of the DEA or MAA moieties at low or high pH, respectively, whereas collapsed latex particles were obtained in the intermediate pH range when both the core and the shell of the particles were neutral, in agreement with the potentiometric titration data. These core-shell microgels comprise novel two-compartment nanostructures that exhibit contraphilic properties in the core and the shell of the particles in response to a single external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas E Christodoulakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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43
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Gao DG, Ma JZ, Guo HQ. Synthesis of pH-responsive hydrophobically-modified hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid-co-diallylammonium salt) in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00592g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Bysell H, Schmidtchen A, Malmsten M. Binding and release of consensus peptides by poly(acrylic acid) microgels. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2162-8. [PMID: 19583241 DOI: 10.1021/bm9003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between positively charged consensus peptides and poly(acrylic acid) microgels was investigated with micromanipulator-assisted light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Peptide binding and release was monitored by microgel deswelling and swelling for monodisperse multiples of heparin-binding Cardin and Weintraub motifs, (AKKARA)(n) (1 <or= n <or= 4) and (ARKKAAKA)(n) (1 <or= n <or= 3), as well as the corresponding titratable (AHHAHA)(4) and (AHHHAAHA)(3) peptides (A, K, R and H, refering to alanine, lysine, arginine, and histidine, respectively). When fully charged, these peptides distribute homogenously throughout the microgels and display concentration-dependent deswelling, which increases with increasing peptide length. Both (AKKARA)(4) and (ARKKAAKA)(3) display potent and fast microgel deswelling but only marginal subsequent electrolyte-induced desorption. In contrast, reducing the peptide charge for (AHHAHA)(4) and (AHHHAAHA)(3) at neutral and high pH, or the peptide length, substantially reduces the peptide affinity for the microgels and facilitates rapid peptide release. Taken together, the results also show that quite short peptides of moderate charge density interact strongly and cause extensive gel deswelling of oppositely charged microgels, precluding peptide release. They also show, however, that desirable triggered release can be achieved with peptides of lower charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bysell
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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45
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Effect of chemical composition on properties of pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saunders BR, Laajam N, Daly E, Teow S, Hu X, Stepto R. Microgels: From responsive polymer colloids to biomaterials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 147-148:251-62. [PMID: 18809173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are network polymer colloid particles that can swell in a good solvent or as a result of electrostatic repulsion between charged groups produced by pH-triggered neutralisation. They have attracted considerable interest as both model colloids and for their potential applications. This discussion reviews the properties of microgel particles and the current understanding of their structure. The review concentrates on the period after an earlier microgel review by Saunders and Vincent [Adv. Coll. Interf. Sci., 1999, 80, 1]. A key challenge for microgel research has involved elucidation of the internal particle structure. Most microgels prepared by emulsion or precipitation polymerisation have a core-shell structure. The segment density is usually highest in the core. Here, we discuss relationships between microgel structure and dispersion stability. The reasons for the exceptional stability of microgel dispersions are considered. There are a number of favourable structural features that make microgels candidates for biomaterial applications and these are discussed. The main potential biomaterial applications that have been investigated for microgels to date are drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Poly(NIPAM) (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels have been extensively studied in the context of drug delivery. Regenerative medicine research for microgels is an emerging area. Recent work involving the use of gelled microgel dispersions to support biomechanically meaningful loads is considered. We conclude with a discussion of promising directions for microgel research as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Saunders
- Polymer Science and Engineering Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, UK
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Cook JP, Riley DJ. The effect of perchlorate ions on a pyridine-based microgel. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 147-148:67-73. [PMID: 19110210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of perchlorate ions as counterions in the acid-induced swelling of poly(2-vinylpyridine) microgel particles was investigated. The pH was modified with perchloric, hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids and the particle diameter measured using dynamic light scattering and the viscosity monitored using a capillary viscometer. The microgel particles were found to have a lower apparent pK(a) with perchloric acid, 4.10 compared to 4.70 with hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. As a result the particles swell at a lower pH and they also swell to a lower maximum diameter with perchloric acid, 681+/-8 nm compared to 751+/-15 nm for hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. The swelling transition is also continuous with perchloric acid, whereas it has been identified as first order with hydrochloric acid. Similar variations were found in the viscosity using the different acids. The differences can be accounted for by the dehydrating and cross-linking nature of the perchlorate ion.
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Microgels containing methacrylic acid: effects of composition on pH-triggered swelling and gelation behaviours. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cao Z, Du B, Chen T, Nie J, Xu J, Fan Z. Preparation and properties of thermo-sensitive organic/inorganic hybrid microgels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12771-8. [PMID: 18950208 DOI: 10.1021/la802087n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing the hydrolysis and condensation of the methoxysilyl groups, thermo-sensitive organic/inorganic hybrid poly[ N-isopropylacrylamide- co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate] [P(NIPAm- co-TMSPMA)] microgels were successfully prepared via two different methods without addition of any surfactant. First, the microgels were obtained by a two-step method; that is, the linear copolymer P(NIPAm- co-TMSPMA) was first synthesized by free radical copolymerization, and the aqueous solution of the copolymer was then heated above its low critical solution temperature (LCST) to give colloid particles, which were subsequently cross-linked via the hydrolysis and condensation of the methoxysilyl groups to form the microgels. Second, the microgels were also prepared via conventional surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of the monomers NIPAm and TMSPMA. TMSPMA can act as the cross-linkable monomer. No surfactant was involved in the preparation of the hybrid microgels. The obtained microgels were rather spherical and exhibited reversible thermo-sensitive behavior. The size, morphology, swellability, and phase transition behavior of the microgels were dependent on the initial copolymer or monomer concentration, preparation temperature, and the content of TMSPMA. The size of microgels obtained by SFEP was found to be more uniform than that by the two-step method. The hybrid microgels obtained by these two methods had more homogeneous microstructures than those prepared via conventional emulsion polymerization with chemical cross-linker N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization (Ministry of Education), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejian University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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A study of poly(butadiene/methacrylic acid) dispersions: From pH-responsive behaviour to the effects of added Ca2+. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 321:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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