1
|
Etha SA, Pial TH, Das S. Extensive Stable Physical Contacts between a Nanoparticle and a Highly Repulsive Polymeric Layer. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5715-5725. [PMID: 35867556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and a layer of grafted and solvated polymer molecules has been widely explored for a variety of applications ranging from fabrication of nanocomposites and sensors to developing nanocoating for virus deactivation. In all of these applications, the solvated polymer molecules are necessarily philic to the NPs, and consequently, driven by the favorable NP-polymer interactions, there is the formation of numerous stable direct (i.e., without any intervening solvent molecule) NP-monomer (monomer of the polymer) contact pairs. In this paper, we propose a paradigm shift in this problem: we employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and establish that under appropriate conditions, it is possible to develop numerous stable direct contacts between a NP and a solvated polymer layer even when the polymer molecules are extremely phobic to the NP. Here, by "stable" contacts, we refer to the NP-Polymer contacts that remain intact for a finite duration of time; of course, such contacts, after being intact for a finite time duration, might get broken and reformed. In terms of the mechanism of the process, the NP is driven inside a grafted layer of collapsed (in the absence of solvent) and phobic (to the NP) polymer molecules by a liquid drop (polymer is philic to the liquid). Subsequently, the liquid molecules imbibe and diffuse inside the polymer layer, but the NPs, due to the large steric effect imposed by the polymer molecules, remain localized within the polymer layer. This ensures the establishment of several stable direct contacts between the NP and the highly phobic polymer molecules. We quantify these contacts by their numbers, stability, and frequency of occurrences as well as their dependences on the NP-polymer interaction energies and NP sizes. We also quantify the associated NP dynamics inside the polymeric layer. Finally, we argue that our finding will open up avenues for leveraging NP-polymer interactions for a myriad of applications even for cases where the polymer molecules are phobic to the NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ankit Etha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Turash Haque Pial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sunday DF, Thelen JL, Zhou C, Ren J, Nealey PF, Kline RJ. Buried Structure in Block Copolymer Films Revealed by Soft X-ray Reflectivity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9577-9587. [PMID: 34014640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between polymers and surfaces can be used to influence properties including mechanical performance in nanocomposites, the glass transition temperature, and the orientation of thin film block copolymers (BCPs). In this work we investigate how specific interactions between the substrate and BCPs with varying substrate affinity impact the interfacial width between polymer components. The interface width is generally assumed to be a function of the BCP properties and independent of the surface affinity or substrate proximity. Using resonant soft X-ray reflectivity the optical constants of the film can be controlled by changing the incident energy, thereby varying the depth sensitivity of the measurement. Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity measurements were conducted on films of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and PS-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), where the thickness of the film was varied from half the periodicity (L0) of the BCP to 5.5 L0. The results of this measurement on the PS-b-P2VP films show a significant expansion of the interface width immediately adjacent to the surface. This is likely caused by the strong adsorption of P2VP to the substrate, which constrains the mobility of the junction points, preventing them from reaching their equilibrium distribution and expanding the observed interface width. The interface width decays toward equilibrium moving away from the substrate, with the decay rate being a function of film thickness below a critical limit. The PMMA block appears to be more mobile, and the BCP interfaces near the substrate match their equilibrium value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jacob L Thelen
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chun Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiaxing Ren
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - R Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwon T, Chun J. ON/OFF Switchable Nanocomposite Membranes for Separations. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2415. [PMID: 33092179 PMCID: PMC7589038 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although water, air, and other resources are abundant on earth, they have been subjected to strict environmental regulations. This is because of their limitation of availability for human consumption. In the separation industry, the membrane system was introduced to increase the amount of resources available to mankind. Experts used an easy-to-use polymeric material to design several membranes with porous structures for wastewater treatment, gas separation, and chemical removal; consequently, they succeeded in obtaining positive results. However, past polymeric membranes exhibited a chronic drawback such that it was difficult to simultaneously augment the permeate flux and improve its selectivity toward certain substances. Because of the trade-off relationship that existed between permeability and selectivity, the membrane efficiency was not very good; consequently, the cost-effectiveness was significantly hindered because there was no other alternative than to replace the membrane in order to maintain its initial characteristics steadily. This review begins with the introduction of a polymer nanocomposite (PNC) membrane that has been designed to solve the chronic problem of polymeric membranes; subsequently, the stimuli-responsive PNC membrane is elucidated, which has established itself as a popular topic among researchers in the separation industry for several decades. Furthermore, we have listed the different types and examples of stimuli-responsive PNC membranes, which can be switched by external stimuli, while discussing the future direction of the membrane separation industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taegyun Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea;
| | - Jinyoung Chun
- Energy & Environment Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET), Gyeongnam 52851, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Yin Y. Stimuli-Responsive Optical Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807061. [PMID: 30773717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Responsive optical nanomaterials that can sense and translate various external stimuli into optical signals, in the forms of observable changes in appearance and variations in spectral line shapes, are among the most active research topics in nanooptics. They are intensively exploited within the regimes of the four classic optical phenomena-diffraction in photonic crystals, absorption of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as color-switching systems, refraction of assembled birefringent nanostructures, and emission of photoluminescent nanomaterials and molecules. Herein, a comprehensive review of these research activities regarding the fundamental principles and practical strategies is provided. Starting with an overview of their substantial developments during the latest three decades, each subtopic discussion is led with fundamental theories that delineate the correlation between nanostructures and optical properties and the delicate research strategies are elaborated with specific attention focused on working principles and optical performances. The unique advantages and inherent limitations of each responsive optical nanoscale platform are summarized, accompanied by empirical criteria that should be met and perspectives on research opportunities where the developments of next-generation responsive optical nanomaterials might be directed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen K, Cao L, Zhang Y, Li K, Qin X, Guo X. Conformation Study of Dual Stimuli-Responsive Core-Shell Diblock Polymer Brushes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1084. [PMID: 30961009 PMCID: PMC6403727 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are among the most popular research topics. In this study, two types of core-shell (polystyrene with a photoiniferter (PSV) as the core and diblock as the shell) polymer brushes (PSV@PNIPA-b-PAA and PSV@PAA-b-PNIPA) were designed and prepared using surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP). Moreover, their pH- and temperature-stimuli responses were explored by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and turbidimeter under various conditions. The results showed that the conformational change was determined on the basis of the competition among electrostatic repulsion, hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and steric hindrance, which was also confirmed by protein adsorption experiments. These results are not only helpful for the design and synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymer brushes but also shed light on controlled protein immobilization under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eremina OE, Semenova AA, Sergeeva EA, Brazhe NA, Maksimov GV, Shekhovtsova TN, Goodilin EA, Veselova IA. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in modern chemical analysis: advances and prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Boyaciyan D, Krause P, von Klitzing R. Making strong polyelectrolyte brushes pH-sensitive by incorporation of gold nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4029-4039. [PMID: 29670976 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Doping polymer brushes with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) results in composite materials with colorimetric sensor properties. The present paper addresses the effect of electrostatic particle-particle interaction and the effect of the polymer brush type on particle assembly formation within the polymer matrix. The prospect for long-term use as colorimetric sensors is tested. Therefore, two different types of brushes of pH-insensitive polymers, non-ionic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and cationic poly-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (PMETAC), are studied. After incubation of the non-ionic PNIPAM brush in an aqueous suspension of AuNPs with a pH-sensitive carboxylic acid capping, hydrogen binding led to attachment of the AuNPs, but they were easily detached at high pH due to loss of the hydrogen binding. In contrast, the anionic AuNPs adhere well to cationic PMETAC brushes even after post-treatment at low pH where the charge density of the AuNPs is strongly reduced. Therefore, the PMETAC/AuNP composites were further tested with respect to their stability against pH variations and their impact for colorimetric sensors. Although the neat PMETAC brush is not pH-sensitive, after embedding pH-sensitive AuNPs, the PMETAC/AuNP composite becomes pH-sensitive in a reversible manner. This is detectable by the reversible shift of the plasmon band and the reversible thickness change of the composites by exposing them to different pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Boyaciyan
- Soft Matter at Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kurt H, Alpaslan E, Yildiz B, Taralp A, Ow-Yang CW. Conformation-mediated Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in blue-emitting polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-passivated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 488:348-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Kesal D, Christau S, Trapp M, Krause P, von Klitzing R. The internal structure of PMETAC brush/gold nanoparticle composites: a neutron and X-ray reflectivity study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30636-30646. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The amount and distribution of gold nanoparticles within a polymer brush matrix can be changed by altering the electrostatic interaction between particle–particle as well as particle–brush.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Kesal
- Soft Matter at Interfaces
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - S. Christau
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - M. Trapp
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
| | - P. Krause
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Phyisikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - R. von Klitzing
- Soft Matter at Interfaces
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Christau S, Möller T, Brose F, Genzer J, Soltwedel O, von Klitzing R. Effect of gold nanoparticle hydrophobicity on thermally induced color change of PNIPAM brush/gold nanoparticle hybrids. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
12
|
Tian L, Liu KK, Fei M, Tadepalli S, Cao S, Geldmeier JA, Tsukruk VV, Singamaneni S. Plasmonic Nanogels for Unclonable Optical Tagging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4031-41. [PMID: 26812528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of novel functional gel coatings with randomized physical and chemical patterns that enable dual encoding ability to realize unclonable optical tags. This design is based on swelling-mediated massive reconstruction of an ultrathin responsive gelatinous polymer film uniformly adsorbed with plasmonic nanostructures into a randomized network of interacting folds, resulting in bright electromagnetic hotspots within the folds. We reveal a strong correlation between the topology and near-field electromagnetic field enhancement due to the intimate contact between two plasmonic surfaces within the folds, each of them representing a unique combination of local topography and chemical distribution caused by the formation of electromagnetic hotspots. Because of the efficient trapping of the Raman reporters within the uniquely distributed electromagnetic hotspots, the surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement from the morphed plasmonic gel was found to be nearly 40 times higher compared to that from the pristine plasmonic gel. Harnessing the nondeterministic nature of the folds, the folded plasmonic gel can be employed as a multidimensional (with dual topo-chemical encoding) optical taggant for prospective anticounterfeiting applications. Such novel optical tags based on the spontaneous folding process are virtually impossible to replicate because of the combination of nondeterministic physical patterns and chemical encoding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Max Fei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mai W, Sun B, Chen L, Xu F, Liu H, Liang Y, Fu R, Wu D, Matyjaszewski K. Water-Dispersible, Responsive, and Carbonizable Hairy Microporous Polymeric Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13256-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Mai
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yeru Liang
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory
for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gambinossi F, Mylon SE, Ferri JK. Aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of functionalized nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:332-49. [PMID: 25150615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of nanoparticles has primarily been used as a means to impart stability in nanoparticle suspensions. In most cases even the most advanced nanomaterials lose their function should suspensions aggregate and settle, but with the capping agents designed for specific solution chemistries, functionalized nanomaterials generally remain monodisperse in order to maintain their function. The importance of this cannot be underestimated in light of the growing use of functionalized nanomaterials for wide range of applications. Advanced functionalization schemes seek to exert fine control over suspension stability with small adjustments to a single, controllable variable. This review is specific to functionalized nanoparticles and highlights the synthesis and attachment of novel functionalization schemes whose design is meant to affect controllable aggregation. Some examples of these materials include stimulus responsive polymers for functionalization which rely on a bulk solution physicochemical threshold (temperature or pH) to transition from a stable (monodisperse) to aggregated state. Also discussed herein are the primary methods for measuring the kinetics of particle aggregation and theoretical descriptions of conventional and novel models which have demonstrated the most promise for the appropriate reduction of experimental data. Also highlighted are the additional factors that control nanoparticle stability such as the core composition, surface chemistry and solution condition. For completeness, a case study of gold nanoparticles functionalized using homologous block copolymers is discussed to demonstrate fine control over the aggregation state of this type of material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Gambinossi
- Lafayette College, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
| | - Steven E Mylon
- Lafayette College, Department of Chemistry, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
| | - James K Ferri
- Lafayette College, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yenice Z, Schön S, Bildirir H, Genzer J, von Klitzing R. Thermoresponsive PDMAEMA Brushes: Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Deposition. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10348-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Genzer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Plazas-Tuttle J, Rowles LS, Chen H, Bisesi JH, Sabo-Attwood T, Saleh NB. Dynamism of Stimuli-Responsive Nanohybrids: Environmental Implications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1102-1123. [PMID: 28347054 PMCID: PMC5312917 DOI: 10.3390/nano5021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial science and design have shifted from generating single passive nanoparticles to more complex and adaptive multi-component nanohybrids. These adaptive nanohybrids (ANHs) are designed to simultaneously perform multiple functions, while actively responding to the surrounding environment. ANHs are engineered for use as drug delivery carriers, in tissue-engineered templates and scaffolds, adaptive clothing, smart surface coatings, electrical switches and in platforms for diversified functional applications. Such ANHs are composed of carbonaceous, metallic or polymeric materials with stimuli-responsive soft-layer coatings that enable them to perform such switchable functions. Since ANHs are engineered to dynamically transform under different exposure environments, evaluating their environmental behavior will likely require new approaches. Literature on polymer science has established a knowledge core on stimuli-responsive materials. However, translation of such knowledge to environmental health and safety (EHS) of these ANHs has not yet been realized. It is critical to investigate and categorize the potential hazards of ANHs, because exposure in an unintended or shifting environment could present uncertainty in EHS. This article presents a perspective on EHS evaluation of ANHs, proposes a principle to facilitate their identification for environmental evaluation, outlines a stimuli-based classification for ANHs and discusses emerging properties and dynamic aspects for systematic EHS evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Plazas-Tuttle
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Lewis S Rowles
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gambinossi F, Chanana M, Mylon SE, Ferri JK. Stimulus-responsive Au@(MeO2MAx-co-OEGMAy) nanoparticles stabilized by non-DLVO interactions: implications of ionic strength and copolymer (x:y) fraction on aggregation kinetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1748-1757. [PMID: 24517439 DOI: 10.1021/la403963c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles can assist in stabilizing fluid-fluid interfaces; however, developing and applying the appropriate surface modification presents a challenge because successful application of these nanomaterials for biotechnological, food processing, and environmental applications requires their long-term stability in elevated ionic strength media. This work studies stimulus responsive polymeric materials based on random copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (x = MeO2MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (y= OEGMA) which, when grafted to gold nanoparticles, show significant, tunable, colloidal stability. The nanoparticles Au@(MeO2MAx-co-OEGMAy) display tunable, reversible aggregation that is highly dependent on the (x:y) ratio and ionic strength. Effects of these parameters on the initial rate constant of aggregation (k11) are studied by time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TR-DLS) experiments. At the same nanoparticle concentration, a strong sensitivity to salt concentration is observed. Over less than 300 mM increase in NaCl concentration, we observed a two-order of magnitude increase in aggregation rate constants, 4.2 × 10(-20) < k11 < 1.8 × 10(-18) m(3)s(-1). Additionally, for the same gold nanoparticles, a higher fraction of OEGMA requires a higher salt concentration to induce aggregation. A linear relationship between the critical NaCl coagulation concentration (CCC) and the copolymer composition is observed. Analysis of the experimental data with an extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (xDLVO) theory that includes hydration and osmotic forces is used to explain the stability of these systems. We find the hydration pressure, 2.4 < P(h,0) < 7.2 MPa, scales linearly both with the osmotic pressure and the OEGMA monomer concentration (5 < y < 20%). Specific knowledge of P(h,0)(y, C(NaCl)) enables design of both aggregation kinetics and stability as a function of the copolymer ratio and external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Gambinossi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Wang L, Benicewicz BC. Synthesis of Janus nanoparticles via a combination of the reversible click reaction and "grafting to" strategies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11547-11553. [PMID: 24001363 DOI: 10.1021/la401990d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge in nanoparticle functionalization has been the preparation of polymer-grafted asymmetric (Janus) nanoparticles (diameter < 100 nm). We describe a robust and cyclic method involving a reversible click reaction and "grafting to" strategies to synthesize such nanoparticles. Mechanochemistry was used in a protection-deprotection process to separate nanoparticles cleanly that were anchored to larger particles, and the recovered azide-functionalized larger particles could be recycled as face-blocking moieties. With this combination of strategies, we prepared 15 nm silica nanoparticles that were partially functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate). Additionally, the unique self-assembly behaviors of the resultant Janus nanoparticles were investigated in different solvents at different concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azzaroni O. Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
Roiter Y, Minko I, Nykypanchuk D, Tokarev I, Minko S. Mechanism of nanoparticle actuation by responsive polymer brushes: from reconfigurable composite surfaces to plasmonic effects. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:284-292. [PMID: 22081128 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of nanoparticle actuation by stimuli-responsive polymer brushes triggered by changes in the solution pH was discovered and investigated in detail in this study. The finding explains the high spectral sensitivity of the composite ultrathin film composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brush that tunes the spacing between two kinds of nanoparticles-gold nanoislands immobilized on a transparent support and gold colloidal particles adsorbed on the brush. The optical response of the film relies on the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonances in the noble metal nanoparticles, giving rise to an extinction band in visible spectra, and a plasmon coupling between the particles and the islands that has a strong effect on the band position and intensity. Since the coupling is controlled by the interparticle spacing, the pH-triggered swelling-shrinking transition in the P2VP brush leads to pronounced changes in the transmission spectra of the hybrid film. It was not established in the previous publications how the actuation of gold nanoparticles within a 10-15 nm interparticle distance could result in the 50-60 nm shift in the absorbance maximum in contrast to the model experiments and theoretical estimations of several nanometer shifts. In this work, the extinction band was deconvoluted into four spectrally separated and overlapping contributions that were attributed to different modes of interactions between the particles and the islands. These modes came into existence due to variations in the thickness of the grafted polymeric layer on the profiled surface of the islands. In situ atomic force microscopy measurements allowed us to explore the behavior of the Au particles as the P2VP brush switched between the swollen and collapsed states. In particular, we identified an interesting, previously unanticipated regime when a particle position in a polymer brush was switched between two distinct states: the particle exposed to the surface of the collapsed layer and the particle engulfed by the swollen brush. On average, the characteristic distance between the particles and the islands increased upon the brush swelling. The observed behavior was a result of the anchoring of the particles to polymeric chains that limited the particles' vertical motion range. The experimental findings will be used to design highly sensitive optical nanosensors based on a polymer-brush-modulated interparticle plasmon coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Roiter
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu T, Zhang Q, Hu J, Zhang G, Liu S. Composite silica nanospheres covalently anchored with gold nanoparticles at the outer periphery of thermoresponsive polymer brushes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Semenova AA, Goodilin EA, Semenova IA, Semenov AP, Ivanov VK, Tretyakov YD. Nanostructured silica-silver composite films with surface plasmon resonance. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500811060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Zdyrko B, Luzinov I. Polymer Brushes by the “Grafting to” Method. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:859-69. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Tokarev I, Tokareva I, Minko S. Optical nanosensor platform operating in near-physiological pH range via polymer-brush-mediated plasmon coupling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:143-146. [PMID: 21275381 DOI: 10.1021/am101250x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nanosensors' platform made of a stimuli-responsive polymer/noble metal nanoparticle composite thin film exploits the combination of the swelling-shrinking transition in a poly(N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) brush and the localized surface plasmon resonance in metal nanoparticles to enable the transduction of changes in the solution pH in the near-physiological range into a pronounced optical signal.
Collapse
|
25
|
Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F, Biyikal M, Hecht M, Rurack K. Mimicking tricks from nature with sensory organic–inorganic hybrid materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
26
|
Song S, Hu N. Dual-Switchable Bioelectrocatalysis Synergistically Controlled by pH and Perchlorate Concentration Based on Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Films. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105802m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Song
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Naifei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tokarev I, Tokareva I, Gopishetty V, Katz E, Minko S. Specific biochemical-to-optical signal transduction by responsive thin hydrogel films loaded with noble metal nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1412-1416. [PMID: 20333690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Tokarev
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tam TK, Pita M, Trotsenko O, Motornov M, Tokarev I, Halámek J, Minko S, Katz E. Reversible "closing" of an electrode interface functionalized with a polymer brush by an electrochemical signal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4506-4513. [PMID: 20000630 DOI: 10.1021/la903527p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)-brush-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was used to switch reversibly the interfacial activity by the electrochemical signal. The application of an external potential (-0.85 V vs Ag|AgCl|KCl, 3M) that electrochemically reduced O(2) resulted in the concomitant consumption of hydrogen ions at the electrode interface, thus yielding a higher pH value and triggering the restructuring of the P4VP brush on the electrode surface. The initial swollen state of the protonated P4VP brush (pH 4.4) was permeable to the anionic [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) redox species, but the electrochemically produced local pH of 9.1 resulted in the deprotonation of the polymer brush. The produced hydrophobic shrunken state of the polymer brush was impermeable to the anionic redox species, thus fully inhibiting its redox process at the electrode surface. The interface's return to the electrochemically active state was achieved by disconnecting the applied potential, followed by stirring the electrolyte solution or by slow diffusional exchange of the electrode-adjacent thin layer with the bulk solution. The developed approach allowed the electrochemically triggered inhibition ("closing") of the electrode interface. The application of this approach to different interfacial systems will allow the use of various switchable electrodes that are useful for biosensors and biofuel cells with externally controlled activity. Further use of this concept was suggested for electrochemically controlled chemical actuators (e.g. operating as electroswitchable drug releasers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Tam
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and NanoBio Laboratory, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu QF, Wang JN, Sanderson KD. A general approach for superhydrophobic coating with strong adhesion strength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Qin J, Jo Y, Muhammed M. Coating Nanocrystals with Amphiphilic Thermosensitive Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7845-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
Qin J, Jo Y, Muhammed M. Coating Nanocrystals with Amphiphilic Thermosensitive Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Diamanti S, Arifuzzaman S, Genzer J, Vaia RA. Tuning gold nanoparticle-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) brush interactions: from reversible swelling to capture and release. ACS NANO 2009; 3:807-818. [PMID: 19338284 DOI: 10.1021/nn800822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the interaction between surfaces and nanoparticles (NPs) affords great opportunities for a range of applications, including sensors, information storage, medical diagnostics, and filtration membranes. In addition to controlling local ordering and microscale patterning of the NPs, manipulating the temporal factors determining the strength of the interaction between NP and surface enables dynamic modulation of these structural characteristics. In this contribution we demonstrate robust polymer brush-NP hybrids that exhibit both reversible swelling and reversible NP adsorption/desorption. Polymer brush functionality is tailored through post-functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes on flat solid substrates with alpha-amine conjugates ranging from perfluoro alkanes to poly(ethylene glycol) of varying molecular weights. The type of functionality controls NP affinity for the surfaces. In the case of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the molecular weight (MW) of the PEG dictates adsorption and desorption phenomena. Higher MW PEG chains possess increased binding affinity toward NPs, which leads to higher relative Au-NP densities on the PHEMA-g-PEG brushes and concurrent sluggish desorption of NPs by thermal stimulus. Adsorption and desorption phenomena are further modulated by NP size yielding a system where adsorption and desorption are controlled by a delicate balance between the competitive energetics of polymer brush chelation versus solvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Diamanti
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gromenko O, Privman V. Random sequential adsorption of objects of decreasing size. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:011104. [PMID: 19256998 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We consider the model of random sequential adsorption, with the depositing objects, as well as those already at the surface, decreasing in size according to a specified time dependence, from a larger initial value to a finite value in the large-time limit. Numerical Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional deposition of disks and one-dimensional deposition of segments are reported for the density-density correlation function and gap-size distribution function, respectively. Analytical considerations supplement numerical results in the one-dimensional case. We investigate the correlation hole-the depletion of correlation functions near contact and, for the present model, their vanishing at contact-that opens up at finite times, as well as its closing and reemergence of the logarithmic divergence of correlation properties at contact in the large-time limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Gromenko
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5721, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Motornov M, Zhou J, Pita M, Gopishetty V, Tokarev I, Katz E, Minko S. "Chemical transformers" from nanoparticle ensembles operated with logic. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2993-2997. [PMID: 18700803 DOI: 10.1021/nl802059m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The pH-responsive nanoparticles were coupled with information-processing enzyme-based systems to yield "smart" signal-responsive hybrid systems with built-in Boolean logic. The enzyme systems performed AND/OR logic operations, transducing biochemical input signals into reversible structural changes (signal-directed self-assembly) of the nanoparticle assemblies, thus resulting in the processing and amplification of the biochemical signals. The hybrid system mimics biological systems in effective processing of complex biochemical information, resulting in reversible changes of the self-assembled structures of the nanoparticles. The bioinspired approach to the nanostructured morphing materials could be used in future self-assembled molecular robotic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Motornov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and NanoBio Laboratory, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|