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Zhdanov DD, Ivin YY, Shishparenok AN, Kraevskiy SV, Kanashenko SL, Agafonova LE, Shumyantseva VV, Gnedenko OV, Pinyaeva AN, Kovpak AA, Ishmukhametov AA, Archakov AI. Perspectives for the creation of a new type of vaccine preparations based on pseudovirus particles using polio vaccine as an example. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:253-280. [PMID: 37937429 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236905253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional antiviral vaccines are currently created by inactivating the virus chemically, most often using formaldehyde or β-propiolactone. These approaches are not optimal since they negatively affect the safety of the antigenic determinants of the inactivated particles and require additional purification stages. The most promising platforms for creating vaccines are based on pseudoviruses, i.e., viruses that have completely preserved the outer shell (capsid), while losing the ability to reproduce owing to the destruction of the genome. The irradiation of viruses with electron beam is the optimal way to create pseudoviral particles. In this review, with the example of the poliovirus, the main algorithms that can be applied to characterize pseudoviral particles functionally and structurally in the process of creating a vaccine preparation are presented. These algorithms are, namely, the analysis of the degree of genome destruction and coimmunogenicity. The structure of the poliovirus and methods of its inactivation are considered. Methods for assessing residual infectivity and immunogenicity are proposed for the functional characterization of pseudoviruses. Genome integrity analysis approaches, atomic force and electron microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and bioelectrochemical methods are crucial to structural characterization of the pseudovirus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Ivin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - V V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Pinyaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kovpak
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Sans-Serramitjana E, Gallardo-Benavente C, Melo F, Pérez-Donoso JM, Rumpel C, Barra PJ, Durán P, Mora MDLL. A Comparative Study of the Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles by Two Contrasting Endophytic Selenobacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1600. [PMID: 37375102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the biosynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using two contrasting endophytic selenobacteria, one Gram-positive (Bacillus sp. E5 identified as Bacillus paranthracis) and one Gram-negative (Enterobacter sp. EC5.2 identified as Enterobacter ludwigi), for further use as biofortifying agents and/or for other biotechnological purposes. We demonstrated that, upon regulating culture conditions and selenite exposure time, both strains were suitable "cell factories" for producing SeNPs (B-SeNPs from B. paranthracis and E-SeNPs from E. ludwigii) with different properties. Briefly, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that intracellular E-SeNPs (56.23 ± 4.85 nm) were smaller in diameter than B-SeNPs (83.44 ± 2.90 nm) and that both formulations were located in the surrounding medium or bound to the cell wall. AFM images indicated the absence of relevant variations in bacterial volume and shape and revealed the existence of layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the bacterial cell wall under the conditions of biosynthesis, particularly in the case of B. paranthracis. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SeNPs were surrounded by the proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides of bacterial cells and that the numbers of the functional groups present in B-SeNPs were higher than in E-SeNPs. Thus, considering that these findings support the suitability of these two endophytic stains as potential biocatalysts to produce high-quality Se-based nanoparticles, our future efforts must be focused on the evaluation of their bioactivity, as well as on the determination of how the different features of each SeNP modulate their biological action and their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carla Gallardo-Benavente
- Centro Biotecnológico de Estudios Microbianos (CEBEM), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física, Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Ecuador, Estación Central, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, UMR 7618, CNRS-UPMC-UPEC-INRAE-IRD, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patricio Javier Barra
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Paola Durán
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - María de La Luz Mora
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Zaki BM, Mohamed AA, Dawoud A, Essam K, Hammouda ZK, Abdelsattar AS, El-Shibiny A. Isolation, screening and characterization of phage. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:13-60. [PMID: 37739553 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance threatens public health due to a lack of novel antibacterial classes since the 21st century. Bacteriophages, the most ubiquitous microorganism on Earth and natural predators of bacteria, have the potential to save the world from the post-antibiotic era. Therefore, phage isolation and characterization are in high demand to find suitable phages for therapeutic and bacterial control applications. The chapter presents brief guidance supported by recommendations on the isolation of phages, and initial screening of phage antimicrobial efficacy, in addition to, conducting comprehensive characterization addressing morphological, biological, genomic, and taxonomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira A Mohamed
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareem Essam
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zainab K Hammouda
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
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Weber A, Tyrakowski D, Toca-Herrera JL. Power Laws Describe Bacterial Viscoelasticity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15552-15558. [PMID: 36484724 PMCID: PMC9776528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cells survive in a wide range of different environments and actively tune their mechanical properties for purposes of growth, movement, division, and nutrition. In Gram-negative bacteria, the cell envelope with its outer membrane and peptidoglycan are the main determinants of mechanical properties and are common targets for the use of antibiotics. The study of bacterial mechanical properties has shown promise in elucidating a structure-function relationship in bacteria, connecting, shape, mechanics, and biochemistry. In this work, we study frequency and time-dependent viscoelastic properties of E. coli cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We perform force cycles, oscillatory microrheology, stress relaxation, and creep experiments, and use power law rheology models to fit the experimental results. All data sets could be fitted with the models and provided power law exponents of 0.01 to 0.1 while showing moduli in the range of a few MPa. We provide evidence for the interchangeability of the properties derived from these four different measurement approaches.
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Turzynski V, Monsees I, Moraru C, Probst AJ. Imaging Techniques for Detecting Prokaryotic Viruses in Environmental Samples. Viruses 2021; 13:2126. [PMID: 34834933 PMCID: PMC8622608 DOI: 10.3390/v13112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth with an estimate of 1031 viral particles across all ecosystems. Prokaryotic viruses-bacteriophages and archaeal viruses-influence global biogeochemical cycles by shaping microbial communities through predation, through the effect of horizontal gene transfer on the host genome evolution, and through manipulating the host cellular metabolism. Imaging techniques have played an important role in understanding the biology and lifestyle of prokaryotic viruses. Specifically, structure-resolving microscopy methods, for example, transmission electron microscopy, are commonly used for understanding viral morphology, ultrastructure, and host interaction. These methods have been applied mostly to cultivated phage-host pairs. However, recent advances in environmental genomics have demonstrated that the majority of viruses remain uncultivated, and thus microscopically uncharacterized. Although light- and structure-resolving microscopy of viruses from environmental samples is possible, quite often the link between the visualization and the genomic information of uncultivated prokaryotic viruses is missing. In this minireview, we summarize the current state of the art of imaging techniques available for characterizing viruses in environmental samples and discuss potential links between viral imaging and environmental genomics for shedding light on the morphology of uncultivated viruses and their lifestyles in Earth's ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Turzynski
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Indra Monsees
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Cristina Moraru
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Alexander J. Probst
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
- Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Ramos-Vivas J, Superio J, Galindo-Villegas J, Acosta F. Phage Therapy as a Focused Management Strategy in Aquaculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10436. [PMID: 34638776 PMCID: PMC8508683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called as phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Joshua Superio
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway;
| | | | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
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Leader A, Molad O, Dombrovsky A, Reches M, Mandler D. Interactions of Microorganisms with Lipid Langmuir Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10340-10347. [PMID: 34461726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preventing microbial contamination of aquatic environments is crucial for the proper supply of drinking water. Hence, understanding the interactions that govern bacterial and virus adsorption to surfaces is crucial to prevent infection transmittance. Here, we describe a new approach for studying the organization and interactions of various microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, E. coli-specific bacteriophage T4, and plant cucumber green mottle mosaic viruses (CGMMV), at the air/water interface using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. CGMMV were found as applicable candidates for further studying their interactions with Langmuir lipid monolayers. The zwitterionic, positively, and negatively charged LB lipid monolayers with adsorbed viruses were deposited onto solid supports and characterized by atomic force microscopy. Using polymerase chain reaction, we indicated that the adsorption of CGMMV onto the LB monolayer is a result of electrostatic interactions. These insights are useful in engineering membrane filters that prevent biofouling for efficient purification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avia Leader
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Molad
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159 Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Obořilová R, Šimečková H, Pastucha M, Klimovič Š, Víšová I, Přibyl J, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H, Pantůček R, Skládal P, Mašlaňová I, Farka Z. Atomic force microscopy and surface plasmon resonance for real-time single-cell monitoring of bacteriophage-mediated lysis of bacteria. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13538-13549. [PMID: 34477758 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains presents a major challenge in modern medicine. Antibiotic resistance is often exhibited by Staphylococcus aureus, which causes severe infections in human and animal hosts and leads to significant economic losses. Antimicrobial agents with enzymatic activity (enzybiotics) and phage therapy represent promising and effective alternatives to classic antibiotics. However, new tools are needed to study phage-bacteria interactions and bacterial lysis with high resolution and in real-time. Here, we introduce a method for studying the lysis of S. aureus at the single-cell level in real-time using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid. We demonstrate the ability of the method to monitor the effect of the enzyme lysostaphin on S. aureus and the lytic action of the Podoviridae phage P68. AFM allowed the topographic and biomechanical properties of individual bacterial cells to be monitored at high resolution over the course of their lysis, under near-physiological conditions. Changes in the stiffness of S. aureus cells during lysis were studied by analyzing force-distance curves to determine Young's modulus. This allowed observing a progressive decline in cellular stiffness corresponding to the disintegration of the cell envelope. The AFM experiments were complemented by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments that provided information on the kinetics of phage-bacterium binding and the subsequent lytic processes. This approach forms the foundation of an innovative framework for studying the lysis of individual bacteria that may facilitate the further development of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Obořilová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Generalov SV, Erokhin PS, Kuznetsov OS, Abramova EG, Zhulidov IM, Osina NA. Determining the Specific Activity of Anti-Rabies Sera and Immunoglobulin Using Atomic Force Microscopy of Cell Cultures. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:136-142. [PMID: 34484643 PMCID: PMC8377403 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i3.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse neutralization test is widely used to determine the level of anti-rabies antibodies, but it is labor-intensive and time consuming. Alternative methods for determining the neutralizing activity of anti-rabies sera and immunoglobulin in cell cultures are also known. Methods such as FAVN and RFFIT involve the use of fluorescent diagnostics. Determination of Cytopathic Effect (CPE) is often complicated due to features of rabies virus replication in cells. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is able to detect the interaction of the virus with the cell at an early stage. Therefore, in this study, a method has been developed for determining the specific activity of anti-rabies sera and immunoglobulin using AFM of cell cultures. METHODS The method is based on the preliminary interaction of rabies virus with samples of rabies sera or immunoglobulin drug, adding the specified reaction mixture to cell culture (Vero or BHK-21), and then measuring the surface roughness of the cells using AFM. AFM was carried out in the intermittent contact mode by the mismatch method in the semi-contact mode. The results were compared with the values obtained in the mouse neutralization test. The consistency of the results obtained by both methods was evaluated by Bland-Altman method. RESULTS The increment in the surface roughness of the cells is a consequence of the damaging effect of the virus, which is weakened as a result of its neutralization by rabies antibodies. A dilution allowing 50% suppression of the increase in the surface roughness of cells was selected as the titer of rabies sera or immunoglobulin. In this case, the recommended range for determining the antibody titer is from 1:100 to 1:3000. CONCLUSION For the first time, a new methodological approach in virology and pharmaceutical research is presented in this study. The use of the proposed methodological technique will reduce the time from 21 to 2 days to obtain results in comparison with the mouse neutralization test; also, fewer laboratory animals are required in this approach which is in agreement with 3 R Principle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel S. Erokhin
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Elena G. Abramova
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Ivan M. Zhulidov
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Osina
- Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, Saratov, Russia
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Akhmetova AI, Yaminsky IV. High resolution imaging of viruses: Scanning probe microscopy and related techniques. Methods 2021; 197:30-38. [PMID: 34157416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy is a group of measurements that provides 3D visualization of viruses in different environmental conditions including liquids and air. Besides 3D topography it is possible to measure the properties like mechanical rigidity and stability, adhesion, tendency to crystallization, surface charge, etc. Choosing the right substrate and scanning parameters makes it much easier to obtain reliable data. Rational interpretation of experimental results should take into account possible artifacts, proper filtering and data presentation using specially designed software packages. Animal and human virus characterization is in the focus of many intensive studies because of their potential harm to higher organisms. The article focuses on high-resolution visualization of plant viruses. Tobacco mosaic virus, potato viruses X and B and others are not dangerous for the human being and are widely used in different applications such as vaccine preparation, construction of building units in nanotechnology and material science applications, nanoparticle production and delivery, and even metrology. The methods of virus's deposition, visualization, and consequent image processing and interpretation are described in details. Specific examples of viruses imaging are illustrated using the FemtoScan Online software, which has typical and all the necessary built-in functions for constructing three-dimensional images, their processing and analysis. Despite visible progress in visualizing the viruses using probe microscopy, many unresolved problems still remain. At present time the probe microscopy data on viruses is not systemized. There is no descriptive atlas of the images and morphology as revealed by this type of high resolution microscopy. It is worth emphasizing that new virus investigation methods will appear due to the progress of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel I Akhmetova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, GSP-1, Russia; Advanced Technologies Center, 4-5-47, Stroitelei str., Moscow, 119311, Russia
| | - Igor V Yaminsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, GSP-1, Russia; Advanced Technologies Center, 4-5-47, Stroitelei str., Moscow, 119311, Russia.
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11
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Abdelsattar AS, Dawoud A, Makky S, Nofal R, Aziz RK, El-Shibiny A. Bacteriophages: from isolation to application. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:337-360. [PMID: 33902418 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210426092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are considered as a potential alternative to fight pathogenic bacteria during the antibiotic resistance era. With their high specificity, they are being widely used in various applications: medicine, food industry, agriculture, animal farms, biotechnology, diagnosis, etc. Many techniques have been designed by different researchers for phage isolation, purification, and amplification, each of which has strengths and weaknesses. However, all aim at having a reasonably pure phage sample that can be further characterized. Phages can be characterized based on their physiological, morphological or inactivation tests. Microscopy, in particular, has opened a wide gate not only for visualizing phage morphological structure, but also for monitoring biochemistry and behavior. Meanwhile, computational analysis of phage genomes provides more details about phage history, lifestyle, and potential for toxigenic or lysogenic conversion, which translate to safety in biocontrol and phage therapy applications. This review summarizes phage application pipelines at different levels and addresses specific restrictions and knowledge gaps in the field. Recently developed computational approaches, which are used in phage genome analysis, are critically assessed. We hope that this assessment provides researchers with useful insights for selection of suitable approaches for Phage-related research aims and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578. Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578. Egypt
| | - Salsabil Makky
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578. Egypt
| | - Rana Nofal
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578. Egypt
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Qasr El-Ainy St, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12578. Egypt
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Abraham S, Kaufman Y, Perreault F, Young R, Bar-Zeev E. Bursting out: linking changes in nanotopography and biomechanical properties of biofilm-forming Escherichia coli to the T4 lytic cycle. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33731698 PMCID: PMC7969764 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriophage infection cycle has been extensively studied, yet little is known about the nanostructure and mechanical changes that lead to bacterial lysis. Here, atomic force microscopy was used to study in real time and in situ the impact of the canonical phage T4 on the nanotopography and biomechanics of irreversibly attached, biofilm-forming E. coli cells. The results show that in contrast to the lytic cycle in planktonic cells, which ends explosively, anchored cells that are in the process of forming a biofilm undergo a more gradual lysis, developing distinct nanoscale lesions (~300 nm in diameter) within the cell envelope. Furthermore, it is shown that the envelope rigidity and cell elasticity decrease (>50% and >40%, respectively) following T4 infection, a process likely linked to changes in the nanostructure of infected cells. These insights show that the well-established lytic pathway of planktonic cells may be significantly different from that of biofilm-forming cells. Elucidating the lysis paradigm of these cells may advance biofilm removal and phage therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiju Abraham
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Yair Kaufman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ry Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
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13
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Bashiri S, Lucidi M, Visaggio D, Capecchi G, Persichetti L, Cincotti G, Visca P, Capellini G. Growth Phase- and Desiccation-Dependent Acinetobacter baumannii Morphology: An Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1110-1119. [PMID: 33433226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major bacterial pathogen during the past three decades. The majority of the A. baumannii infections occur in hospitals and are caused by strains endowed with high desiccation tolerance, which represents an essential feature for the adaptation to the nosocomial environment. This work aims at investigating the desiccation response of the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strain ACICU as a function of the bacterial growth phase and oxygen availability, by correlating bacterial survival with shape alterations. The three-dimensional morphological analysis of bacteria was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM), following the evolution of bacterial shape descriptors, such as the area, volume, roughness of individual cell membranes, and the cell cluster roughness, which exhibited peculiar and distinctive behavior as a function of the growth conditions. AFM images of A. baumannii ACICU cells revealed the prevalence of the coccoid morphology at all growth stages, with a tendency to reduce their size in the stationary phase, accompanied by a higher survival rate to air-drying. Moreover, cells harvested from the logarithmic phase featured a larger volume and resulted to be more sensitive to desiccation compared to the cells harvested at later growth stages. In addition, oxygen deprivation caused a significant decrease in cellular size and was associated with the formation of pores in the cell membrane, accompanied by a relative reduction in culturability after desiccation. Morphological plasticity and multidrug resistance may contribute to desiccation tolerance and therefore to persistence in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Bashiri
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Engineering, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Capecchi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Persichetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cincotti
- Department of Engineering, University Roma Tre, via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capellini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
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14
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Beaussart A, Feuillie C, El-Kirat-Chatel S. The microbial adhesive arsenal deciphered by atomic force microscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23885-23896. [PMID: 33289756 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbes employ a variety of strategies to adhere to abiotic and biotic surfaces, as well as host cells. In addition to their surface physicochemical properties (e.g. charge, hydrophobic balance), microbes produce appendages (e.g. pili, fimbriae, flagella) and express adhesion proteins embedded in the cell wall or cell membrane, with adhesive domains targeting specific ligands or chemical properties. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is perfectly suited to deciphering the adhesive properties of microbial cells. Notably, AFM imaging has revealed the cell wall topographical organization of live cells at unprecedented resolution, and AFM has a dual capability to probe adhesion at the single-cell and single-molecule levels. AFM is thus a powerful tool for unravelling the molecular mechanisms of microbial adhesion at scales ranging from individual molecular interactions to the behaviours of entire cells. In this review, we cover some of the major breakthroughs facilitated by AFM in deciphering the microbial adhesive arsenal, including the exciting development of anti-adhesive strategies.
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15
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Qazi A, Nazir M, Shahid M, Butt S, Basit MA. Facile Development of Hybrid Bulk-Nanostructured SnSe/SnS for Antibacterial Activity with Negligible Cytotoxicity. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Salavadhi SS, Chintalapani S, Ramachandran R, Nagubandi K, Ramisetti A, Boyapati R. Atomic Force Microscopy: A three-dimensional reconstructive tool of oral microbiota in gingivitis and periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:264-269. [PMID: 29456299 PMCID: PMC5813339 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_209_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to ascertain the advantages of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in the morphologic study of microorganisms and their interactions within the subgingival biofilm in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Settings and Design: Conducted a study on twenty patients, ten patients with severe periodontitis with probing the pocket depth of ≥8 mm, with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥6 mm CAL and ten patients with gingivitis: ≥5 mm pocket depth, and no attachment loss, was selected for the study. Materials and Methods: Bacterial biofilms were collected and slide preparation done. Morphological study was done using AFM. AFM consists of a cantilever-mounted tip, a piezoelectric scanner, a photodetector diode, a laser diode, and a feedback control. The laser beam is reflected from back of the cantilever into the quadrant of the photodetector. AFM works on the principle of interaction between the tip and the sample which causes the cantilever to deflect, thereby changing the position of laser onto the photodetector. Methodology used for studying the bacteria through AFM includes the following: (1) Probe type: Platinum coated silicon nitrate tip. (2) Probe force: 0.11 N/m. (3) Probe geometry: Triangular shaped tip. (4) Probe frequency: 22 KHz. (5) Probe immobilization: Used in Contact mode. AFM Solver Pro-M (NT-MDT) equipped with ETALON probe was used to take images in Nova software. Results: The investigation showed various morphological features, such as shape, size, and secretory product-like vesicles of the bacterial species involved in gingivitis and periodontitis. More bacterial surface details were studied by reproducing a three-dimensional reconstruction using AFM. Conclusions: The morphological variations of bacteria of different sizes, and shapes, cell wall structures, secretory product-like vesicles flagellated and filamentous microorganisms, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and bacterial coaggregation analysis were done by AFM. Results of the present study conclude that AFM is a quite a reliable method for studying morphology of bacterial species involving periodontal diseases and is also used to study microbial interactions in biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arpita Ramisetti
- Department of Periodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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17
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Leppänen M, Sundberg LR, Laanto E, de Freitas Almeida GM, Papponen P, Maasilta IJ. Imaging Bacterial Colonies and Phage-Bacterium Interaction at Sub-Nanometer Resolution Using Helium-Ion Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700070. [PMID: 32646179 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of microbial interactions has so far been based on well-established electron microscopy methods. This study presents a new way to study bacterial colonies and interactions between bacteria and their viruses, bacteriophages (phages), in situ on agar plates using helium ion microscopy (HIM). In biological imaging, HIM has advantages over traditional scanning electron microscopy with its sub-nanometer resolution, increased surface sensitivity, and the possibility to image nonconductive samples. Furthermore, by controlling the He beam dose or by using heavier Ne ions, the HIM instrument provides the possibility to mill out material in the samples, allowing for subsurface imaging and in situ sectioning. Here, the first HIM-images of bacterial colonies and phage-bacterium interactions are presented at different stages of the infection as they occur on an agar culture. The feasibility of neon and helium milling is also demonstrated to reveal the subsurface structures of bacterial colonies on agar substrate, and in some cases also structure inside individual bacteria after cross-sectioning. The study concludes that HIM offers great opportunities to advance the studies of microbial imaging, in particular in the area of interaction of viruses with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Leppänen
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Nanoscience Center, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Nanoscience Center, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Laanto
- Nanoscience Center, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida
- Nanoscience Center, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Papponen
- Nanoscience Center, Center of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilari J Maasilta
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Surface topological differences of phage infected uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, revealed by atomic force microscopy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2112. [PMID: 28090426 PMCID: PMC5199767 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an advance microscopic technique that provides three dimensional structures of cell surfaces with high resolution. In the present study AFM was used for comparative analysis of surface topology of phage infected and uninfected Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cells. Two UPEC strains NE and HN were isolated from urine samples of Urinary tract infection patients and their specific narrow host range lytic phages 3S and HNΦ were isolated from the sewage of different areas. Results On the basis of one step growth curve both phages characterized as short latent period phages with latency period of about 30 min. On AFM analysis significant difference in topology of healthy and infected cells were observed. It was hypothesized that progeny of both lytic phages released out from their respective host cells in different manner. The image of 3S infected UPEC host cells (NE) revealed multiple internal projections which showed progeny phages released out from host cells through these multiple sites. Whereas images of HNΦ infected HN host cells showed central depression which illustrated that new phages released out through single exit point from the middle of cell. Conclusions These results are significant to extend future studies on isolated phages as an effective tool for phage therapy.
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19
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High-resolution imaging of the microbial cell surface. J Microbiol 2016; 54:703-708. [PMID: 27796933 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms, or microbes, can function as threatening pathogens that cause disease in humans, animals, and plants; however, they also act as litter decomposers in natural ecosystems. As the outermost barrier and interface with the environment, the microbial cell surface is crucial for cell-to-cell communication and is a potential target of chemotherapeutic agents. Surface ultrastructures of microbial cells have typically been observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Owing to its characteristics of low-temperature specimen preparation and superb resolution (down to 1 nm), cryo-field emission SEM has revealed paired rodlets, referred to as hydrophobins, on the cell walls of bacteria and fungi. Recent technological advances in AFM have enabled high-speed live cell imaging in liquid at the nanoscale level, leading to clear visualization of cell-drug interactions. Platinum-carbon replicas from freeze-fractured fungal spores have been observed using transmission electron microscopy, revealing hydrophobins with varying dimensions. In addition, AFM has been used to resolve bacteriophages in their free state and during infection of bacterial cells. Various microscopy techniques with enhanced spatial resolution, imaging speed, and versatile specimen preparation are being used to document cellular structures and events, thus addressing unanswered biological questions.
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20
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Sans-Serramitjana E, Fusté E, Martínez-Garriga B, Merlos A, Pastor M, Pedraz J, Esquisabel A, Bachiller D, Vinuesa T, Viñas M. Killing effect of nanoencapsulated colistin sulfate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:611-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Kämmer E, Götz I, Bocklitz T, Stöckel S, Dellith A, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Zell R, Dellith J, Deckert V, Popp J. Single particle analysis of herpes simplex virus: comparing the dimensions of one and the same virions via atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4035-41. [PMID: 27052775 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, two types of direct methods to characterize and identify single virions are available: electron microscopy (EM) and scanning probe techniques, especially atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM in particular provides morphologic information even of the ultrastructure of viral specimens without the need to cultivate the virus and to invasively alter the sample prior to the measurements. Thus, AFM can play a critical role as a frontline method in diagnostic virology. Interestingly, varying morphological parameters for virions of the same type can be found in the literature, depending on whether AFM or EM was employed and according to the respective experimental conditions during the AFM measurements. Here, an inter-methodological proof of principle is presented, in which the same single virions of herpes simplex virus 1 were probed by AFM previously and after they were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sophisticated chemometric analyses then allowed a calculation of morphological parameters of the ensemble of single virions and a comparison thereof. A distinct decrease in the virions' dimensions was found during as well as after the SEM analyses and could be attributed to the sample preparation for the SEM measurements. Graphical abstract The herpes simplex virus is investigated with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy in view of varying dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kämmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabell Götz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stephan Stöckel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Department of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Str. 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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López-Jiménez L, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Viñas M, Vinuesa T. Atomic force microscopy visualization of injuries in Enterococcus faecalis surface caused by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e45-51. [PMID: 25475770 PMCID: PMC4320420 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To visualize by Atomic Force Microscopy the alterations induced on Enterococcus. faecalis surface after treatment with 2 types of laser: Erbium chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and Diode laser.
Material and Methods: Bacterial suspensions from overnight cultures of E. faecalis were irradiated during 30 seconds with the laser-lights at 1 W and 2 W of power, leaving one untreated sample as control. Surface alterations on treated E. faecalis were visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its surface roughness determined.
Results: AFM imaging showed that at high potency of laser both cell morphology and surface roughness resulted altered, and that several cell lysis signs were easily visualized. Surface roughness clearly increase after the treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG at 2W of power, while the other treatments gave similar values of surface roughness. The effect of lasers on bacterial surfaces visualized by AFM revealed drastic alterations.
Conclusions: AFM is a good tool to evaluate surface injuries after laser treatment; and could constitute a measure of antimicrobial effect that can complete data obtained by determination of microbial viability.
Key words:Atomic force microscopy, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, Enterococcus faecalis, surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Jiménez
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
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Bocklitz T, Kämmer E, Stöckel S, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Zell R, Deckert V, Popp J. Single virus detection by means of atomic force microscopy in combination with advanced image analysis. J Struct Biol 2014; 188:30-8. [PMID: 25196422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present contribution virions of five different virus species, namely Varicella-zoster virus, Porcine teschovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Coliphage M13 and Enterobacteria phage PsP3, are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the resulting height images quantitative features like maximal height, area and volume of the viruses could be extracted and compared to reference values. Subsequently, these features were accompanied by image moments, which quantify the morphology of the virions. Both types of features could be utilized for an automatic discrimination of the five virus species. The accuracy of this classification model was 96.8%. Thus, a virus detection on a single-particle level using AFM images is possible. Due to the application of advanced image analysis the morphology could be quantified and used for further analysis. Here, an automatic recognition by means of a classification model could be achieved in a reliable and objective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Kämmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Stöckel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Department of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena e.V., Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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24
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Germano F, Bramanti E, Arcuri C, Cecchetti F, Cicciù M. Atomic force microscopy of bacteria from periodontal subgingival biofilm: Preliminary study results. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:152-158. [PMID: 24883019 PMCID: PMC4023198 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a technology that allows analysis of the nanoscale morphology of bacteria within biofilm and provides details that may be better useful for understanding the role of bacterial interactions in the periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Five patients with periodontal ≥5 mm pockets diagnosed as generalized periodontitis and five patients with slight gingivitis were selected for the investigation. Bacteria biofilms were collected and morphologically investigated by AFM application. Results: The investigation revealed how periodontitis bacteria are characterized by specific morphologic features of the cell wall. The major representative species of bacteria causing periodontal diseases have been reproduced by a three-dimensional reconstruction showing the bacteria surface details. Conclusions: The presence of complex glycocalyx structures, bacteriophage-like vesicles, spirochetes (classic and cystic morphology) and bacterial co-aggregation has been identified by the AFM analysis. The results suggest that AFM is a reliable technique for studying bacterial morphology and for examining microbial interactions in dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Germano
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Ennio Bramanti
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Messina School of Dentistry, ME, Italy
| | - Claudio Arcuri
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecchetti
- Odontostomatology Department, University of Roma Torvergata School of Dentistry, RM, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Human Pathology Department, University of Messina School of Dentistry, ME, Italy
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25
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Li M, Liu L, Xi N, Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhang W. Nanoscale imaging and mechanical analysis of Fc receptor-mediated macrophage phagocytosis against cancer cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1609-1621. [PMID: 24495237 DOI: 10.1021/la4042524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fc receptor-mediated macrophage phagocytosis against cancer cells is an important mechanism in the immune therapy of cancers. Traditional research about macrophage phagocytosis was based on optical microscopy, which cannot reveal detailed information because of the 200-nm-resolution limit. Quantitatively investigating the macrophage phagocytosis at micro- and nanoscale levels is still scarce. The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers an excellent analytical instrument for quantitatively investigating the biological processes at single-cell and single-molecule levels under native conditions. In this work, we combined AFM and fluorescence microscopy to visualize and quantify the detailed changes in cell morphology and mechanical properties during the process of Fc receptor-mediated macrophage phagocytosis against cancer cells. Lymphoma cells were discernible by fluorescence staining. Then, the dynamic process of phagocytosis was observed by time-lapse optical microscopy. Next, AFM was applied to investigate the detailed cellular behaviors during macrophage phagocytosis under the guidance of fluorescence recognition. AFM imaging revealed the distinct features in cellular ultramicrostructures for the different steps of macrophage phagocytosis. AFM cell mechanical property measurements indicated that the binding of cancer cells to macrophages could make macrophages become stiffer. The experimental results provide novel insights in understanding the Fc-receptor-mediated macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, China
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26
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Pillet F, Chopinet L, Formosa C, Dague E. Atomic Force Microscopy and pharmacology: from microbiology to cancerology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1028-50. [PMID: 24291690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used to study biological samples. Researchers take advantage of its ability to image living samples to increase our fundamental knowledge (biophysical properties/biochemical behavior) on living cell surface properties, at the nano-scale. SCOPE OF REVIEW AFM, in the imaging modes, can probe cells morphological modifications induced by drugs. In the force spectroscopy mode, it is possible to follow the nanomechanical properties of a cell and to probe the mechanical modifications induced by drugs. AFM can be used to map single molecule distribution at the cell surface. We will focus on a collection of results aiming at evaluating the nano-scale effects of drugs, by AFM. Studies on yeast, bacteria and mammal cells will illustrate our discussion. Especially, we will show how AFM can help in getting a better understanding of drug mechanism of action. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that AFM is a versatile tool, useful in pharmacology. In microbiology, it has been used to study the drugs fighting Candida albicans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The major conclusions are a better understanding of the microbes' cell wall and of the drugs mechanism of action. In cancerology, AFM has been used to explore the effects of cytotoxic drugs or as an innovative diagnostic technology. AFM has provided original results on cultured cells, cells extracted from patient and directly on patient biopsies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review enhances the interest of AFM technologies for pharmacology. The applications reviewed range from microbiology to cancerology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Pillet
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Louise Chopinet
- CNRS, IPBS-UMR 5089, BP64182, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Cécile Formosa
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Etienne Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA, INP, ISAE, UT1, UTM, LAAS, ITAV, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; CNRS; ITAV-USR 3505; F31106 Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
Since the advent of the electron microscope approximately 70 years ago, bacterial viruses and electron microscopy are inextricably linked. Electron microscopy proved that bacteriophages are particulate and viral in nature, are complex in size and shape, and have intracellular development cycles and assembly pathways. The principal contribution of electron microscopy to bacteriophage research is the technique of negative staining. Over 5500 bacterial viruses have so far been characterized by electron microscopy, making bacteriophages, at least on paper, the largest viral group in existence. Other notable contributions are cryoelectron microcopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction, particle counting, and immunoelectron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy has had relatively little impact. Transmission electron microscopy has provided the basis for the recognition and establishment of bacteriophage families and is one of the essential criteria to classify novel viruses into families. It allows for instant diagnosis and is thus the fastest diagnostic technique in virology. The most recent major contribution of electron microscopy is the demonstration that the capsid of tailed phages is monophyletic in origin and that structural links exist between some bacteriophages and viruses of vertebrates and archaea. DNA sequencing cannot replace electron microscopy and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-W Ackermann
- Department of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Soylemez E, de Boer MP, Sae-Ueng U, Evilevitch A, Stewart TA, Nyman M. Photocatalytic degradation of bacteriophages evidenced by atomic force microscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53601. [PMID: 23301095 PMCID: PMC3536765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to supply fresh water are becoming increasingly critical as the world population continues to grow. Small-diameter hazardous microbes such as viruses (20-100 nm diameter) can be filtered by size exclusion, but in this approach the filters are fouled. Thus, in our research, we are investigating an approach in which filters will be reusable. When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) illumination, titanate materials photocatalytically evolve (•)OH and O2(•-) radicals, which attack biological materials. In the proposed approach, titanate nanosheets are deposited on a substrate. Viruses adsorb on these nanosheets and degrade when exposed to UV light. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we image adsorbed viruses and demonstrate that they are removed by UV illumination in the presence of the nanosheets, but not in their absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrecan Soylemez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maarten P. de Boer
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Udom Sae-Ueng
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alex Evilevitch
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tom A. Stewart
- Geochemistry, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - May Nyman
- Geochemistry, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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29
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Dubrovin EV, Popova AV, Kraevskiy SV, Ignatov SG, Ignatyuk TE, Yaminsky IV, Volozhantsev NV. Atomic force microscopy analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage AP22 lytic cycle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47348. [PMID: 23071792 PMCID: PMC3469531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its ability to develop resistance to the major groups of antibiotics, form biofilms, and survive for long periods in hospital environments. The prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a significant problem for the modern health care system, and application of lytic bacteriophages for controlling this pathogen may become a solution. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and microbiological assessment we have investigated A. baumannii bacteriophage AP22, which has been recently described. AFM has revealed the morphology of bacteriophage AP22, adsorbed on the surfaces of mica, graphite and host bacterial cells. Besides, morphological changes of bacteriophage AP22-infected A. baumannii cells were characterized at different stages of the lytic cycle, from phage adsorption to the cell lysis. The phage latent period, estimated from AFM was in good agreement with that obtained by microbiological methods (40 min). Bacteriophage AP22, whose head diameter is 62±1 nm and tail length is 88±9 nm, was shown to disperse A. baumannii aggregates and adsorb to the bacterial surface right from the first minute of their mutual incubation at 37°C. Conclusions/Significance High rate of bacteriophage AP22 specific adsorption and its ability to disperse bacterial aggregates make this phage very promising for biomedical antimicrobial applications. Complementing microbiological results with AFM data, we demonstrate an effective approach, which allows not only comparing independently obtained characteristics of the lytic cycle but also visualizing the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V. Dubrovin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Advanced Technologies Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Anastasia V. Popova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Kraevskiy
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei G. Ignatov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana E. Ignatyuk
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Yaminsky
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Advanced Technologies Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay V. Volozhantsev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russian Federation
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30
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de Sousa NTA, Guirro RRDJ, Santana HF, Silva CCM. In vitro analysis of bacterial morphology by atomic force microscopy of low level laser therapy 660, 830 and 904 nm. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:281-5. [PMID: 22509721 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the bacterial morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after the application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in in vitro culture of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. BACKGROUND DATA Infections caused by S. aureus are among the highest occurring in hospitals and can often colonize pressure ulcers. LLLT is among the methods used to accelerate the healing of ulcers. However, there is no consensus on its effect on bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS After being cultivated and seeded, the cultures were irradiated using wavelengths of 660, 830, and 904 nm at fluences of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 16 J/cm(2). Viable cells of S. aureus strain were counted after 24 h incubation. To analyze the occurrence of morphological changes, the topographical measurement of bacterial cells was analyzed using the AFM. RESULTS The overall assessment revealed that the laser irradiation reduced the S. aureus growth using 830 and 904 nm wavelengths; the latter with the greatest inhibition of the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) (331.1±38.19 and 137.38±21.72). Specifically with 660 nm, the statistical difference occurred only at a fluence of 3 J/cm(2). Topographical analysis showed small changes in morphological conformity of the samples tested. CONCLUSIONS LLLT reduced the growth of S. aureus with 830 and 904 nm wavelengths, particularly with 904 nm at a fluence of 3 J/cm(2), where the greatest topographical changes of the cell structure occurred.
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31
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Machulin AV, Smolygina LD, Suzina NE, Serdyuk OP. Study of phototrophic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides cell morphology of wild-type and ipt-transformant by atomic force and electron microscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Epifluorescence and atomic force microscopy: Two innovative applications for studying phage–host interactions in Lactobacillus helveticus. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Jin H, Zhao H, Chen X, Ma L, Huang X, Ye H, Cai J. An easy method to detect the kinetics of CD44 antibody and its receptors on B16 cells using atomic force microscopy. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4495-500. [PMID: 21140224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is the principle cell surface receptor for the extracellular matrix. The altered expression or dysfunction of CD44 proteins contributes to numerous pathological processes. Therefore, it is very necessary to detect the distribution and density of CD44 proteins on cell surface. In this paper, the unbinding force between the tip of an atomic force microscope modified with anti-human CD44 antibody (a kind of CD44 pathway ligation proteins, currently used to induce the apoptosis of some types of tumors) and B16 (human melanoma cell line) cells was measured. The results indicated that the distribution of CD44 was nonuniform and represented clusters on B16 cell surface. And, the data of kinetics of CD44 antibody-antigen binding experiments indicated that the CD44 signal pathway in B16 cells could be blocked by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. This methodology can be extended to the evaluation and screening of molecular targeted drugs for pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nano-Chemistry, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
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35
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Jin H, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhao H, Ye H, Huang F, Xing X, Cai J. Photoinactivation effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria detected by atomic force microscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:761-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for microbiological investigation. This versatile technique cannot only image cellular surfaces at high resolution, but also measure many forms of fundamental interactions over scales ranging from molecules to cells. In this work, we review the recent development of AFM applications in the microbial area. We discuss several approaches for using AFM scanning images to investigate morphological characteristics of microbes and the use of force-distance curves to investigate interaction of microbial samples at the nanometer and cellular levels. Complementary techniques used in combination with AFM for study of microbes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Liu
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5417, USA
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High-resolution imaging of pelagic bacteria by Atomic Force Microscopy and implications for carbon cycling. ISME JOURNAL 2009; 4:427-39. [PMID: 19940866 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2009.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In microbial oceanography, cell size, volume and carbon (C) content of pelagic bacteria and archaea ('bacteria') are critical parameters in addressing the in situ physiology and functions of bacteria, and their role in the food web and C cycle. However, because of the diminutive size of most pelagic bacteria and errors caused by sample fixation and processing, an accurate measurement of the size and volume has been challenging. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to obtain high-resolution images of pelagic bacteria and Synechococcus. We measured the length, width and height of live and formalin-fixed pelagic bacteria, and computed individual cell volumes. AFM-based measurements were compared with those by epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The ability to measure cell height by AFM provides methodological advantage and ecophysiological insight. For the samples examined, EFM (DAPI)-based average cell volume was in good agreement (1.1-fold) with live sample AFM. However, the agreement may be a fortuitous balance between cell shrinkage due to fixation/drying (threefold) and Z-overestimation (as EFM does not account for cell flattening caused by sample processing and assumes that height=width). The two methods showed major differences in cell volume and cell C frequency distributions. This study refines the methodology for quantifying bacteria-mediated C fluxes and the role of bacteria in marine ecosystems, and suggests the potential of AFM for individual cell physiological interrogations in natural marine assemblages.
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Humblot V, Yala JF, Thebault P, Boukerma K, Héquet A, Berjeaud JM, Pradier CM. The antibacterial activity of Magainin I immobilized onto mixed thiols Self-Assembled Monolayers. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3503-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Chen YY, Wu CC, Hsu JL, Peng HL, Chang HY, Yew TR. Surface rigidity change of Escherichia coli after filamentous bacteriophage infection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4607-4614. [PMID: 19366225 DOI: 10.1021/la8036346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the interaction between bacteriophages (phages) and bacteria in situ was demonstrated here. Filamentous phage M13 specifically infects the male Escherichia coli, which expresses F-pili. After infection, E. coli become fragile and grows at a slower rate. AFM provides a powerful tool for investigating these changes in a near-physiological environment. Using high-resolution AFM in phosphate-buffered saline, the damage to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer on the outer membrane of the M13 phage-infected E. coli was observed. The membrane became smoother and more featureless compared to those that were not infected. Besides, the force-distance (f-d) curves were measured to reveal the surface rigidity change in E. coli after M13 phage infection. The effective spring constant and Young's modulus of E. coli decreased after M13 phage infection. Furthermore, the AFM tip was pressed against E. coli to study the response of E. coli under load before and after M13 phage infection. The results showed that after infection E. coli became less rigid and the membrane was also damaged. However, the stiffness changes, including the spring constant and Young's modulus of E. coli, are negligible after M13 phage infection compared with those in previous reports, which may be one of the reasons that E. coli still can maintain its viability after filamentous phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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