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Albonetti C, Izzo L, Vigliotta G, Saponetti MS, Liscio F, Bobba F. Morphology and Mechanics of Star Copolymer Ultrathin Films Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy in the Air and in Liquid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:592. [PMID: 38591448 PMCID: PMC10856403 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Star copolymer films were produced by using spin-coating, drop-casting, and casting deposition techniques, thus obtaining ultrathin and thick films, respectively. The morphology is generally flat, but it becomes substrate-dependent for ultrathin films where the planarization effect of films is not efficient. The indentation hardness of films was investigated by Force Volume Maps in both the air and liquid. In the air, ultrathin films are in the substrate-dominated zone and, thus, the elastic modulus E is overestimated, while E reaches its bulk value for drop-casted ultrathin and thick films. In liquid (water), E follows an exponential decay for all films with a minimum soaked time t0 of 0.37 and 2.65 h for ultrathin and drop-casted ultrathin and thick films, respectively. After this time, E saturates to a value on average 92% smaller than that measured in the air due to film swelling. Such results support the role of film morphology in the antimicrobial activity envisaged in the literature, suggesting also an additional role of film hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Albonetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Superconduttori, Materiali Innovativi e Dispositivi (CNR-SPIN), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi Dell’insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| | - Matilde Sublimi Saponetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.S.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabiola Liscio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bobba
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Superconduttori, Materiali Innovativi e Dispositivi (CNR-SPIN), Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.S.S.); (F.B.)
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2
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Burgo TL, Pereira GKR, Iglesias BA, Moreira KS, Valandro LF. AFM advanced modes for dental and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105475. [PMID: 36195052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several analytical methods have been employed to elucidate bonding mechanisms between dental hard tissues, luting agents and restorative materials. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging that has been extensively used in materials science, but its full capabilities are poorly explored by dental research community. In fact, commonly used to obtain topographic images of different surfaces, it turns out that AFM is an underestimated technique considering that there are dozens of basic and advanced modes that are scarcely used to explain properties of biomaterials. Thus, this paper addresses the use of phase-contrast imaging, force-distance curves, nanomechanical and Kelvin probe force techniques during AFM analysis to explore topological, nanomechanical and electrical properties of Y-TZP samples modified by different surface treatments, which has been widely used to promote adhesive enhancements to such substrate. The AFM methods are capable of access erstwhile inaccessible properties of Y-TZP which allowed us to describe its adhesive properties correctly. Thus, AFM technique emerges as a key tool to investigate the complex nature of biomaterials and highlighting its inherent interdisciplinarity that can be successfully used for bridging fragmented disciplines such as solid-state physics, microbiology and dental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThiagoA L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Kelly S Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and Ph.D. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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3
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Gainutdinov RV, Lashkova AK, Zolotov DA, Asadchikov VE, Shiryaev AA, Ivanova AG, Roshchin BS, Shut VN, Kashevich IF, Mozzharov SE, Tolstikhina AL. Determination of Young’s Modulus in Triglycine Sulfate Crystals with Layered Impurity Distribution. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Kumar A. Self Assemblies of Poly(ether ether ketone) Block Copolymers for Biomedical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh Kumar
- International Center for Materials Science JNCASR, Jakkur Bangalore 560064
- Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials 27-1 Muroran Institute of Technology Muroran Hokkaido 050-8585 Japan
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5
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Lomboni DJ, Steeves A, Schock S, Bonetti L, De Nardo L, Variola F. Compounded topographical and physicochemical cueing by micro-engineered chitosan substrates on rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and human mesenchymal stem cells. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5284-5302. [PMID: 34075927 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the intertwined physicochemical effects exerted in vivo by both natural and synthetic (e.g., biomaterial) interfaces on adhering cells, the evaluation of structure-function relationships governing cellular response to micro-engineered surfaces for applications in neuronal tissue engineering requires the use of in vitro testing platforms which consist of a clinically translatable material with tunable physiochemical properties. In this work, we micro-engineered chitosan substrates with arrays of parallel channels with variable width (20 and 60 μm). A citric acid (CA)-based crosslinking approach was used to provide an additional level of synergistic cueing on adhering cells by regulating the chitosan substrate's stiffness. Morphological and physicochemical characterization was conducted to unveil the structure-function relationships which govern the activity of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), ultimately singling out the key role of microtopography, roughness and substrate's stiffness. While substrate's stiffness predominantly affected hMSC spreading, the modulation of the channels' design affected the neuronal architecture's complexity and guided the morphological transition of hMSCs. Finally, the combined analysis of tubulin expression and cell morphology allowed us to cast new light on the predominant role of the microtopography over substrate's stiffness in the process of hMSCs neurogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lomboni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Steeves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Schock
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada and The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada. and Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada and The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Canada
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6
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Metal center ion effects on photoinactivating rapidly growing mycobacteria using water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins. Biometals 2020; 33:269-282. [PMID: 32980947 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are pathogens that belong to the mycobacteriaceae family and responsible for causing mycobacterioses, which are infections of opportunistic nature and with increasing incidence rates in the world population. This work evaluated the use of six water-soluble cationic porphyrins as photosensitizers for the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of four RGM strains: Mycolicibacterium fortuitum, Mycolicibacterium smeagmatis, Mycobacteroides abscessus subs. Abscessus, and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense. Experiments were conducted with an adequate concentration of photosensitizer under white-light irradiation conditions over 90 min and the results showed that porphyrins 1 and 2 (M = 2H or ZnII ion) were the most effective and significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The present work shows the result is dependent on the metal-center ion coordinated in the cationic porphyrin core. Moreover, we showed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the possible membrane photodamage caused by reactive oxygen species and analyzed the morphology and adhesive force properties. Tetra-positively charged and water-soluble metalloporphyrins may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
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Steeves AJ, Variola F. Elucidating structure–function relationships governing the interfacial response of human mesenchymal stem cells to polydopamine coatings. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:199-215. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) has rapidly emerged as a simple yet effective strategy to functionalize the surface of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Steeves
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering
| | - Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering
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Abstract
This review discusses the important concept of cotton fiber friction at both the macro- and nanoscale. First, the technological importance of fiber friction and its role in fiber breakage during fiber processing is discussed. Next, previous studies on frictional properties of cotton fibers are reviewed and different experimental procedures to measure friction between fibers or against another surface are evaluated. Friction models developed to explain friction process during various experimental procedures are considered and their limitations are discussed. Since interpretation of friction processes at the macroscale can be challenging (mainly due to difficulties in analyzing the multiple asperities in contact), a separate section is devoted to surveying studies on the emerging field of single-asperity friction experiments with atomic force microscope (AFM). Special attention is given to studies on nanoscale frictional characteristics of rough viscoelastic surfaces (e.g., plant cuticular biopolymers and cotton fibers). Due to the close relationship between friction and adhesion hysteresis at the nanoscale, adhesion studies with AFM on viscoelastic surfaces are also reviewed. Lastly, recommendations are made for future research in the field of frictional properties of cotton fibers.
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Kanda P, Alarcon EI, Yeuchyk T, Parent S, de Kemp RA, Variola F, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Deterministic Encapsulation of Human Cardiac Stem Cells in Variable Composition Nanoporous Gel Cocoons To Enhance Therapeutic Repair of Injured Myocardium. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4338-4350. [PMID: 29660269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cocooning explant-derived cardiac stem cells (EDCs) in protective nanoporous gels (NPGs) prior to intramyocardial injection boosts long-term cell retention, the number of EDCs that finally engraft is trivial and unlikely to account for salutary effects on myocardial function and scar size. As such, we investigated the effect of varying the NPG content within capsules to alter the physical properties of cocoons without influencing cocoon dimensions. Increasing NPG concentration enhanced cell migration and viability while improving cell-mediated repair of injured myocardium. Given that the latter occurred with NPG content having no detectable effect on the long-term engraftment of transplanted cells, we found that changing the physical properties of cocoons prompted explant-derived cardiac stem cells to produce greater amounts of cytokines, nanovesicles, and microRNAs that boosted the generation of new blood vessels and new cardiomyocytes. Thus, by altering the physical properties of cocoons by varying NPG content, the paracrine signature of encapsulated cells can be enhanced to promote greater endogenous repair of injured myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
| | - Tanya Yeuchyk
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Robert A de Kemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1N6N5
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
| | - David Courtman
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Canada K1H8L6
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
- Regenerative Medicine Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Canada K1H8L6
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1Y4W7
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada K1H8M5
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10
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Dehnert M, Magerle R. 3D depth profiling of the interaction between an AFM tip and fluid polymer solutions. NANOSCALE 2018. [PMID: 29532845 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation of soft polymers and liquids, the tip-sample interaction is dominated by long-range van der Waals forces, capillary forces and adhesion. Furthermore, the tip can indent several tens of nanometres into the surface, and it can pull off a polymer filament from the surface. Therefore, measuring the unperturbed shape of a polymeric fluid can be challenging. Here, we study the tip-sample interaction with polystyrene droplets swollen in chloroform vapour, where we can utilize the solvent vapour concentration to adjust the specimen's mechanical properties from a stiff solid to a fluid film. With the same AFM tip, we use two different AFM force spectroscopy methods to measure three-dimensional (3D) depth profiles of the tip-sample interaction: force-distance (FD) curves and amplitude-phase-distance (APD) curves. The 3D depth profiles reconstructed from FD and APD measurements provide detailed insight into the tip-sample interaction mechanism for a fluid polymer solution. The fluid's intrinsic relaxation time, which we measure with an AFM-based step-strain experiment, is essential for understanding the tip-sample interaction mechanism. Furthermore, measuring 3D depth profiles and using APD data to reconstruct the unperturbed surface comprise a versatile methodology for obtaining accurate dimensional measurements of fluid and gel-like objects on the nanometre scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dehnert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Robert Magerle
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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11
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Gramazio F, Lorenzoni M, Pérez-Murano F, Evangelio L, Fraxedas J. Quantification of nanomechanical properties of surfaces by higher harmonic monitoring in amplitude modulated AFM imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 187:20-25. [PMID: 29413408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The determination of nanomechanical properties is an intensive topic of study in several fields of nanophysics, from surface and materials science to biology. At the same time, amplitude modulation force microscopy is one of the most established techniques for nanoscale characterization. In this work, we combine these two topics and propose a method able to extract quantitative nanomechanical information from higher harmonic amplitude imaging in atomic force microscopy. With this method it is possible to discriminate between different materials in the stiffness range of 1-3 GPa, in our case thin films of PS-PMMA based block copolymers. We were able to obtain a critical lateral resolution of less than 20 nm and discriminate between materials with less than a 1 GPa difference in modulus. We show that within this stiffness range, reliable values of the Young's moduli can be obtained under usual imaging conditions and with standard dynamic AFM probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gramazio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Matteo Lorenzoni
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Laura Evangelio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Fraxedas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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12
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Wang D, Russell TP. Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Polymer Structure and Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Raczkowska J, Prauzner-Bechcicki S, Dąbczyński P, Szydlak R. Elasticity patterns induced by phase-separation in polymer blend films. THIN SOLID FILMS 2017; 624:181-186. [PMID: 29681664 PMCID: PMC5909711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Systematical studies on the impact of the thickness of thin films composed of polystyrene (PS) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the effective elasticity of polymer-decorated soft polydimethylsiloxane substrate were performed. For both investigated polymer films, elasticity parameter was determined from force-displacement curves recorded using atomic force microscopy. Effective stiffness of supported film grows monotonically with film thickness, starting from the value comparable to the elasticity of soft support and reaching plateau for polymer layers thicker than 200 nm. In contrary, for films cast on hard support no significant thickness dependence of elasticity was observed and the value of elasticity parameter was similar to the one of the substrate. Based on these results, non-conventional method to produce elasticity patterns of various shapes and dimensions induced by phase-separation process in symmetric and asymmetric PS:PEO blend films on soft support was demonstrated. Elevated PS domains were characterized by elasticity parameter 2 times higher than lower PEO matrix. In contrary, adhesion force was increased more than 3 times for PEO regions, as compared to PS areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raczkowska
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Prauzner-Bechcicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Szydlak
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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14
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Morphological change of crystalline polymer films by annealing: substrate- and heating/cooling-rate-dependent surface roughness. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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da Silva Valter S, Costa CAR, Battirola LC, de Farias MA, Galembeck F, do Carmo Gonçalves M. Polymorphic transformation morphology of isotactic poly(1-butene)/poly(propylene-co-1-butene-co-ethylene) blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Witt J, Mandler D, Wittstock G. Nanoparticle-Imprinted Matrices as Sensing Layers for Size-Selective Recognition of Silver Nanoparticles. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Witt
- Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences; Center of Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences; Center of Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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17
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Li C, Ding Y, Soliman M, Lorenzo J, Dhasmana N, Chantharasupawong P, Ievlev AV, Gesquiere AJ, Tetard L, Thomas J. Probing Ternary Solvent Effect in High V(oc) Polymer Solar Cells Using Advanced AFM Techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4730-4738. [PMID: 26807919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a simple method to develop a high V(oc) low band gap PSCs. In addition, two new atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoscale characterization techniques to study the surface morphology and physical properties of the structured active layer are introduced. With the help of ternary solvent processing of the active layer and C60 buffer layer, a bulk heterojunction PSC with V(oc) more than 0.9 V and conversion efficiency 7.5% is developed. In order to understand the fundamental properties of the materials ruling the performance of the PSCs tested, AFM-based nanoscale characterization techniques including Pulsed-Force-Mode AFM (PFM-AFM) and Mode-Synthesizing AFM (MSAFM) are introduced. Interestingly, MSAFM exhibits high sensitivity for direct visualization of the donor-acceptor phases in the active layer of the PSCs. Finally, conductive-AFM (cAFM) studies reveal local variations in conductivity in the donor and acceptor phases as well as a significant increase in photocurrent in the PTB7:ICBA sample obtained with the ternary solvent processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Yi Ding
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Mikhael Soliman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Josie Lorenzo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Nitesh Dhasmana
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Panit Chantharasupawong
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Anton V Ievlev
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Andre J Gesquiere
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Laurene Tetard
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Jayan Thomas
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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18
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Steeves AJ, Atwal A, Schock SC, Variola F. Evaluation of the direct effects of poly(dopamine) on the in vitro response of human osteoblastic cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3145-3156. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional poly(dopamine) coatings promise to become an efficient strategy to endow biomaterials with enhanced bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Steeves
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Aman Atwal
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Sarah C. Schock
- The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute
- Canada
- Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- University of Ottawa
| | - Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
- Faculty of Medicine
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19
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Amrani S, Atwal A, Variola F. Modulating the elution of antibiotics from nanospongy titanium surfaces with a pH-sensitive coating. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraction of vancomycin eluted at 3 different pHs from bare nanospongy titanium (left) and from nanospongy titanium coated with uncross-linked (center, CH:PEG) and cross-linked (right, CH:PEG + GEN) chitosan–poly(ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selya Amrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Aman Atwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ottawa
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Physics
- University of Ottawa
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20
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Cassani DAD, Altomare L, De Nardo L, Variola F. Physicochemical and nanomechanical investigation of electrodeposited chitosan:PEO blends. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2641-2650. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cathodic electrodeposition is a bottom up process that is emerging as a simple yet efficient strategy to engineer thin polymeric films with well-defined physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide A. D. Cassani
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering
- “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
| | | | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering
- “G. Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Physics
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21
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Abstract
Recent progress in surface science, nanotechnology and biophysics has cast new light on the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biomaterials and the resulting biological response. One experimental tool that promises to generate an increasingly more sophisticated knowledge of how proteins, cells and bacteria interact with nanostructured surfaces is the atomic force microscope (AFM). This unique instrument permits to close in on interfacial events at the scale at which they occur, the nanoscale. This perspective covers recent developments in the exploitation of the AFM, and suggests insights on future opportunities that can arise from the exploitation of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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22
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Du K, Yang G, Yuan Z, Xu W, Liang X. Migration of additives toward the surface during aging of epoxy coating by infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keli Du
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education); School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education); School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zehong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education); School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wen Xu
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
| | - Xiaofan Liang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing 100076 China
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23
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Dokukin ME, Sokolov I. Quantitative mapping of the elastic modulus of soft materials with HarmoniX and PeakForce QNM AFM modes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16060-16071. [PMID: 23113608 DOI: 10.1021/la302706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The modulus of elasticity of soft materials on the nanoscale is of interest when studying thin films, nanocomposites, and biomaterials. Two novel modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been introduced recently: HarmoniX and PeakForce QNM. Both modes produce distribution maps of the elastic modulus over the sample surface. Here we investigate the question of how quantitative these maps are when studying soft materials. Three different polymers with a macroscopic Young's modulus of 0.6-0.7 GPa (polyurethanes) and 2.7 GPa (polystyrene) are analyzed using these new modes. The moduli obtained are compared to the data measured with the other commonly used techniques, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), regular AFM, and nanoindenter. We show that the elastic modulus is overestimated in both the HarmoniX and PeakForce QNM modes when using regular sharp probes because of excessively overstressed material in the samples. We further demonstrate that both AFM modes can work in the linear stress-strain regime when using a relatively dull indentation probe (starting from ~210 nm). The analysis of the elasticity models to be used shows that the JKR model should be used for the samples considered here instead of the DMT model, which is currently implemented in HarmoniX and PeakForce QNM modes. Using the JKR model and ~240 nm AFM probe in the PeakForce QNM mode, we demonstrate that a quantitative mapping of the elastic modulus of polymeric materials is possible. A spatial resolution of ~50 nm and a minimum 2 to 3 nm indentation depth are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Dokukin
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5820, United States
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24
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Passeri D, Rossi M, Tamburri E, Terranova ML. Mechanical characterization of polymeric thin films by atomic force microscopy based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1463-78. [PMID: 23052864 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric thin films have been awakening continuous and growing interest for application in nanotechnology. For such applications, the assessment of their (nano)mechanical properties is a key issue, since they may dramatically vary between the bulk and the thin film state, even for the same polymer. Therefore, techniques are required for the in situ characterization of mechanical properties of thin films that must be nondestructive or only minimally destructive. Also, they must also be able to probe nanometer-thick ultrathin films and layers and capable of imaging the mechanical properties of the sample with nanometer lateral resolution, since, for instance, at these scales blends or copolymers are not uniform, their phases being separated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been proposed as a tool for the development of a number of techniques that match such requirements. In this review, we describe the state of the art of the main AFM-based methods for qualitative and quantitative single-point measurements and imaging of mechanical properties of polymeric thin films, illustrating their specific merits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Passeri
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Killgore JP, Yablon DG, Tsou AH, Gannepalli A, Yuya PA, Turner JA, Proksch R, Hurley DC. Viscoelastic property mapping with contact resonance force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13983-7. [PMID: 22054300 DOI: 10.1021/la203434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the accurate nanoscale mapping of near-surface loss and storage moduli on a polystyrene-polypropylene blend with contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM). These viscoelastic properties are extracted from spatially resolved maps of the contact resonance frequency and quality factor of the AFM cantilever. We consider two methods of data acquisition: (i) discrete stepping between mapping points and (ii) continuous scanning. For point mapping and low-speed scanning, the values of the relative loss and storage modulus are in good agreement with the time-temperature superposition of low-frequency dynamic mechanical analysis measurements to the high frequencies probed by CR-FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Killgore
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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26
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Karim TB, McKenna GB. Evidence of surface softening in polymers and their nanocomposites as determined by spontaneous particle embedment. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Park S, Frey W. Polymer nanogels grafted from nanopatterned surfaces studied by AFM force spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8956-8966. [PMID: 21675795 DOI: 10.1021/la2011953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanopatterned cross-linked polymers are important for applications with controlled mechanical properties. Grafted linear and cross-linked polydimethylacrylamide gels on micro- and nanopatterns were created using iniferter-driven quasi-living radical polymerization combined with conventional photolithography and nanosphere lithography. Micropatterned linear polymers reproduce the expected scaling behavior at moderate grafting density. The addition of cross-linker to the polymerization solution leads to an increased tendency of early termination as determined by AFM force spectroscopy. Similarly, nanopatterned linear polymers show reduced thickness in agreement with the expected scaling relationship for nanoisland grafts that have reduced lateral confinement. The addition of cross-linker reintroduces some of the lateral confinement for the length of polymers reported here. The mechanical properties of both the micro- and nanopatterned linear as well as cross-linked polymers were analyzed using an algorithm to objectively determine the contact point in AFM force spectroscopy and two independent Hertz-based analysis approaches. The obtained Young's moduli are close to those expected for homogeneous thick polymer films and are independent of pattern size. Our results demonstrate that polymeric nanopillars with controlled elastic modulus can be fabricated using irreversible cross-linkers. They also highlight some of the factors that must be considered for successful fabrication of grafted nanopillars of defined mechanical and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeun Park
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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28
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Qi S, Belton P, Nollenberger K, Gryczke A, Craig DQM. Compositional Analysis of Low Quantities of Phase Separation in Hot-Melt-Extruded Solid Dispersions: A Combined Atomic Force Microscopy, Photothermal Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy, and Localised Thermal Analysis Approach. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2311-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ihalainen P, Järnström J, Määttänen A, Peltonen J. Nano-scale mapping of mechanical and chemical surface properties of pigment coated surfaces by torsional harmonic atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Dirani A, Roucoules V, Haidara H, Soppera O. Plasma polymer tailoring of the topography and chemistry of surfaces at the nanoscale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17532-17539. [PMID: 20942495 DOI: 10.1021/la1029799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in this paper that plasma polymer can be advantageously used to provide surfaces with topography and chemical control at the nanoscale. Moreover, this technique was also proved to be of high interest to functionalize atomic force microscopy tips that were used to probe the patterned surfaces in pulsed force mode. This approach allowed demonstration by a direct observation of the possibility of generating alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces at the nanoscale prepared by DUV laser irradiation. Such a versatile and simple route opens new possibilities in the field of smart surfaces engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dirani
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS LRC 7228 15, rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
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