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Hayat K, Ali Z, Tirth V, Algahtani A, Al-Mughanam T, Alghtani AH, Alrobei H, Shah A, Ahmed E, Shah SK. Investigation of conduction mechanism and UV light response of vertically grown ZnO nanorods on an interdigitated electrode substrate. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20198-20208. [PMID: 37416915 PMCID: PMC10320435 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO-NR) growth was achieved through a wet chemical route over a comb-shaped working area of an interdigitated Ag-Pd alloy signal electrode. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of homogeneous ZnO-NRs grown uniformly over the working area. X-ray diffraction revealed single-phase formation of ZnO-NRs, further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Temperature-dependent impedance and modulus formalisms showed semiconductor-type behavior of ZnO-NRs. Two electro-active regions i.e., grain and grain boundary, were investigated which have activation energy ∼0.11 eV and ∼0.17 eV, respectively. The conduction mechanism was investigated in both regions using temperature-dependent AC conductivity analysis. In the low-frequency dispersion region, the dominant conduction is due to small polarons, which is attributed to the grain boundary response. At the same time, the correlated barrier hopping mechanism is a possible conduction mechanism in the high dispersion region attributed to the bulk/grain response. Moreover, substantial photoconductivity under UV light illumination was achieved which can be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio of zinc oxide nanorods as they provide high density of trap states which causes an increase in the carrier injection and movement leading to persistent photoconductivity. This photoconductivity was also facilitated by the frequency sweep applied to the sample which suggests the investigated ZnO nanorods based IDE devices can be useful for the application of efficient UV detectors. Experimental values of field lowering coefficient (βexp) matched well with the theoretical value of βS which suggests that the possible operating conduction mechanism in ZnO nanorods is Schottky type. I-V characteristics showed that the significantly high photoconductivity of ZnO-NRs as a result of UV light illumination is owing to the increase in number of free charge carriers as a result of generation of electron-hole pairs by absorption of UV light photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khizar Hayat
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200-Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ali
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200-Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq Al-Mughanam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University P. O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz H Alghtani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Alrobei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Shah
- Department of Mathematics, College of Computing and Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200-Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200-Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Nydegger M, Pruška A, Galinski H, Zenobi R, Reiser A, Spolenak R. Additive manufacturing of Zn with submicron resolution and its conversion into Zn/ZnO core-shell structures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17418-17427. [PMID: 36385575 PMCID: PMC9714770 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04549d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing (EHD-RP) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique with submicron resolution and multi-metal capabilities, offering the possibility to switch chemistry during deposition "on-the-fly". Despite the potential for synthesizing a large range of metals by electrochemical small-scale AM techniques, to date, only Cu and Ag have been reproducibly deposited by EHD-RP. Here, we extend the materials palette available to EHD-RP by using aqueous solvents instead of organic solvents, as used previously. We demonstrate deposition of Cu and Zn from sacrificial anodes immersed in acidic aqueous solvents. Mass spectrometry indicates that the choice of the solvent is important to the deposition of pure Zn. Additionally, we show that the deposited Zn structures, 250 nm in width, can be partially converted into semiconducting ZnO structures by oxidation at 325 °C in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Nydegger
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Adam Pruška
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Galinski
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Reiser
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
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Li Y, Yin S, Du Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang S, Qin Q, Zhou M, Li L. Liquid-metal based flexible a-IZTO ultrathin films for electrical and optical applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16797-16805. [PMID: 36346285 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous indium zinc tin oxide (a-IZTO) is a kind of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), which can be used in transparent electrodes, transistors, and flexible devices. At present, a key limitation of a-IZTO is the costly vacuum manufacturing technology, and its commercial production is also restricted by the complex raw material preparation process. In this article, we report a liquid metal-based van der Waals (vdW) exfoliation technique by which a-IZTO films with several nanometres thickness are fabricated. The a-IZTO films fabricated in ambient air have a size on the centimeter scale and an optical transmittance of 99.64%; they are also large-area flexible oxide films. In order to illustrate the capabilities of this technology, we fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) and photodetectors based on a-IZTO films. An a-IZTO thin film transistor (TFT) has an on/off ratio of 106. When the Vds is 5 V, the responsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency of an a-IZTO photodetector are 7.57 × 104 A W-1, 4.00 × 1015 Jones and 3.68 × 105%, respectively, exhibiting one of the top performances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqi Yin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Yuchen Du
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Jiawang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Shaotian Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Qinggang Qin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
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Abdulrahman AF, Abd-Alghafour N, Ahmed SM. Optimization and characterization of SILAR synthesized ZnO nanorods for UV photodetector sensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A: PHYSICAL 2021; 323:112656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Radi AM, Abdel Azeem NM, El-Nahass ES. Comparative effects of zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle as feed additives on growth, feed choice test, tissue residues, and histopathological changes in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5158-5167. [PMID: 32955665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutritional trace mineral required for growth and health. The aim of the current work is to compare the effects of bulk zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the growth performance, feeding behavior, and zinc residues in tissues with the associated histopathological alterations in chicken. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity against the isolated E. coli O78 strain was evaluated. Ninety Hubbard one-day-aged broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups, 30 each: birds of the 1st group fed a basal ration, those of the 2nd group fed a ration containing zinc oxide at a dose of 3000 mg/kg diet, and chicks of the 3rd group are given a ration containing ZnO-NPs at a dose of 90 mg/kg diet from 2 to 20 days age. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Feed choice test was done at the 3rd week of age on another 12 birds. Results revealed that birds fed with ZnO-NPs showed an improvement in body weight compared with the zinc oxide-administered group. There was no reluctance from birds to both diets supplemented with either zinc oxide or ZnO-NPs, with a constant preference to ZnO-NPs diet throughout the 5-min test. The highest levels of zinc were detected in the livers, kidneys, lungs, and muscles in the 1st day following cessation of drug administration. There was no significant effect on the levels of creatinine, uric acid, AST, and ALT. Mild to moderate degenerative changes as well as necrosis could be detected in the livers and hearts following both treatments. In conclusion, nano-zinc oxide could be practically used in broiler feed at a dose of 90 mg/kg diet instead of bulk zinc oxide, at a dose of 3000 mg/kg diet, with an improved body weight. Both supplements caused no significant effects on serum parameters and had the same antibacterial activity against E. coli O78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Radi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62515, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Abdel Azeem
- Department of Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62515, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62515, Egypt.
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Hamouda RA, Yousuf WE, Mohammed ABA, Mohammed RS, Darwish DB, Abdeen EE. Comparative study between zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis by biogenic and wet chemical methods in vivo and in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104384. [PMID: 32679246 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can be used as nano medicine for Staphylococcus aureus infection, which causes deleterious effects on liver, kidney and lung tissue, as it causes catarrhal bronchitis, peri-bronchial oedema, lymphocytic granulomas, oedematous fluid and haemorrhage inside the bronchi, and interstitial pneumonia. In this research ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) synthesis by biogenic method using green alga Ulva fasciata and by wet chemical method. Both of them tested in vitro and in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus. The characterization of ZnO-NPs was detected by U.V spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In vivo assessment eight groups, each group contain of five rats and the treatment as follow (1) an uninfected control group; (2) an infected group; groups (3), (4), and (5) were injected with biogenic or chemical ZnO-NPs or zinc acetate, as the bulk group, respectively; and groups (6), (7) and (8) were infected and then treated in the same manner as groups (3), (4), and (5), respectively. The blood profile, biochemical parameters, phagocytic activity and histological assessment of liver, kidney and lung tissue of each rat was investigated after 20 days. The rats treated with 5 mg/1 kg natural ZnO-NPs showed improved lung characteristics, and the number of platelets in the infected groups treated with ZnO-NPs from chemical and natural sources (G6 and G7) was close to those in the control group. However, the trend was reversed for regarding lymphocytes, which remained at higher levels in uninfected animals treated with synthetic ZnO-NPs (G4) than in infected rats treated with synthetic ZnO-NPs (G7). Moreover, a significant difference in phagocytic activity was found among all groups compared to that of controls. Compared to control group rats (G1), uninfected rats injected with only natural ZnO-NPs (G3) showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the phagocytic index. We propose that ZnO-NPs produced from natural sources are preferable to those produced from chemical sources for use as nano medicine for the treatment of S. aureus infection in albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Wesam E Yousuf
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - A B Abeer Mohammed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rasha Salah Mohammed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health, Animal and Poultry Production Division, DRC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa B Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman E Abdeen
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
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Kaur R, Thakur NS, Chandna S, Bhaumik J. Development of agri-biomass based lignin derived zinc oxide nanocomposites as promising UV protectant-cum-antimicrobial agents. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:260-269. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A green and one-step synthesis of agri-biomass lignin derived zinc oxide nanocomposites has been achieved, which exhibited excellent antimicrobial and UV-protection potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)
- India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology
- Panjab University
| | - Neeraj Singh Thakur
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)
- India
| | - Sanjam Chandna
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)
- India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology
- Panjab University
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB)
- India
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Hassan MY, Ang DS. On-Demand Visible-Light Sensing with Optical Memory Capabilities Based on an Electrical-Breakdown-Triggered Negative Photoconductivity Effect in the Ubiquitous Transparent Hafnia. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42339-42348. [PMID: 31633322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A transparent visible-light sensor may sound like an oxymoron. Indeed, this scenario is often deemed challenging in conventional photosensitive semiconducting materials due to the complementary relationship between absorbance (which determines photosensitivity) and transmittance (which determines transparency). Past studies have relied on photoinduced ionization of vacancy defect states within a wide-band-gap oxide to modulate the flow of current or charge storage in specific device structures such as nanorods, hetero oxide junctions, or thin-film transistors. Here, we demonstrate visible-light-sensing and optical memory functions in a thin, optically transparent wide-band-gap oxide such as the ubiquitous hafnium dioxide, following a soft electrical breakdown. The physical mechanism is distinguished by a persistent current decrease that spans several orders of magnitude, indicating that the breakdown oxide is restored by the visible light. Physical characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the first-principles simulation study based on the density functional theory provide a strong support for the proposed light-assisted recombination of electrically induced Frenkel-pair defects as the underlying mechanism for the observed negative photoconductance response and optical memory effect. By harnessing this alternative mechanism, this work demonstrates a different approach of overcoming the traditional barrier in realizing both transparency and on-demand visible-light sensing with optical memory functions all in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yousef Hassan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Diing Shenp Ang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
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Kiriarachchi H, Abouzeid KM, Bo L, El-Shall MS. Growth Mechanism of Sea Urchin ZnO Nanostructures in Aqueous Solutions and Their Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Organic Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14013-14020. [PMID: 31497719 PMCID: PMC6714608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the development of a fast and simple route for the synthesis of ZnO sea urchin (SU) nanostructures by the formation and assembly of ZnO nanorods under favorable growth conditions in an aqueous solution. The thermal treatment of a basic zinc acetate solution in ethanol results in the formation of aggregated seed clusters consisting of small ZnO nanorods, which were then grown in a precursor solution containing Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and hexamethylenetetramine to assemble the SU structures from the anisotropic ZnO nanorods on the surface of the seed clusters. Each ZnO nanoparticle in the aggregated seed clusters grew sequentially into a ZnO nanorod, and the nanorods were concentric to the core of the clusters yielding the unique SU-like shape. In the presence of a capping agent such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), the aggregated seed clusters were not formed, and the growth of the CTAB-capped ZnO nanorods resulted in separated rods with average aspect ratios of ∼10. The SU ZnO nanostructures exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and higher specific surface area (26.9 m2/g) than the CTAB-capped nanorods (17.7 m2/g). The SU ZnO nanostructures show superior photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of three common organic dyes compared to the ZnO nanorods. The removal efficiencies of indigo carmine, methylene blue, and rhodamine B by the SU nanostructures were 99, 86, and 96%, respectively, after 1 h of UV irradiation. Therefore, the ZnO SU structures have the potential to be a versatile photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial wastewater.
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Tadeo IJ, Mukhokosi EP, Krupanidhi SB, Umarji AM. Low-cost VO 2(M1) thin films synthesized by ultrasonic nebulized spray pyrolysis of an aqueous combustion mixture for IR photodetection. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9983-9992. [PMID: 35520889 PMCID: PMC9062365 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report detailed structural, electrical transport and IR photoresponse properties of large area VO2(M1) thin films deposited by a simple cost-effective two-step technique. Phase purity was confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies. The high quality of the films was further established by a phase change from low temperature monoclinic phase to high temperature tetragonal rutile phase at 68 °C from temperature dependent Raman studies. An optical band gap of 0.75 eV was estimated from UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR studies showed 60% reflectance change at λ = 7.7 μm from low reflectivity at low temperature to high reflectivity at high temperature in a transition temperature of 68 °C. Electrical characterization showed a first order transition of the films with a resistance change of four orders of magnitude and TCR of -3.3% K-1 at 30 °C. Hall-effect measurements revealed the n-type nature of VO2 thin films with room temperature Hall mobility, μ e of 0.097 cm2 V-1 s-1, conductivity, σ of 0.102 Ω-1 cm-1 and carrier concentration, n e = 5.36 × 1017 cm-3. In addition, we fabricated a high photoresponsive IR photodetector based on VO2(M1) thin films with excellent stability and reproducibility in ambient conditions using a low-cost method. The VO2(M1) photodetector exhibited high sensitivity, responsivity, quantum efficiency, detectivity and photoconductive gain of 5.18%, 1.54 mA W-1, 0.18%, 3.53 × 1010 jones and 9.99 × 103 respectively upon illumination with a 1064 nm laser at a power density of 200 mW cm-2 and 10 V bias voltage at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyalot Jude Tadeo
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Emma P Mukhokosi
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Saluru B Krupanidhi
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
| | - Arun M Umarji
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India +91-80-23607316 +91-80-22932944
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Fareed S, Jamil A, Tiwari N, Rafiq M. Influence of Cr doping on Schottky barrier height and visible light detection of ZnO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Length-Dependent Electronic Transport Properties of the ZnO Nanorod. MICROMACHINES 2018; 10:mi10010026. [PMID: 30602715 PMCID: PMC6357090 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The two-probe device of nanorod-coupled gold electrodes is constructed based on the triangular zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod. The length-dependent electronic transport properties of the ZnO nanorod was studied by density functional theory (DFT) with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF). Our results show that the current of devices decreases with increasing length of the ZnO nanorod at the same bias voltage. Metal-like behavior for the short nanorod was observed under small bias voltage due to the interface state between gold and the ZnO nanorod. However, the influence of the interface on the device was negligible under the condition that the length of the ZnO nanorod increases. Moreover, the rectification behavior was observed for the longer ZnO nanorod, which was analyzed from the transmission spectra and molecular-projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) states. Our results indicate that the ZnO nanorod would have potential applications in electronic-integrated devices.
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Du J, Tang J, Xu S, Ge J, Dong Y, Li H, Jin M. ZnO nanoparticles: recent advances in ecotoxicity and risk assessment. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:322-333. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1508218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Tang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ge
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanxuan Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Peng X, Wang W, Zeng Y, Pan X, Ye Z, Zeng Y. Enhanced photoresponse of a high-performance self-powered UV photodetector based on ZnO nanorods and a novel electrolyte by the piezo-phototronic effect. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33174-33179. [PMID: 35548134 PMCID: PMC9086387 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05909h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A flexible self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) and a novel iodine-free quasi solid-state electrolyte was fabricated. The obtained device has a fast and high response to UV light illumination at zero bias and also shows long-term stability. The responsivity is 50.5 mA W−1 and the response time is less than 0.2 s. Strain-induced piezo-phototronic potential within wurtzite-structured ZnO can optimize the performance of corresponding optoelectronic devices since it could effectively tune the charge carriers' separation and transport. The photoresponse performances of the photodetector under different upward angles (tensile strain) and downward angles (compressive strain) at 0 V bias were studied in detail. A 163% change of responsivity was obtained when the downward angle reached 60°. The enhancement could be interpreted by the piezo-phototronic effect. The piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) at the ZnO NRs/electrolyte interface can expand the built-in field, and as a result, it is easier for charge carriers to separate and transport. A flexible UV detector exhibits high performance. The photoresponse of the device under different upward angles (tensile strain) and downward angles (compressive strain) were studied. A 163% change in responsivity was obtained when the downward angle reached 60°.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China +86 571 87952124 + 86 571 87952187
| | - Weihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China +86 571 87952124 + 86 571 87952187
| | - Yiyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China +86 571 87952124 + 86 571 87952187
| | - Xinhua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China +86 571 87952124 + 86 571 87952187
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China +86 571 87952124 + 86 571 87952187
| | - Yujia Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China
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Ultraviolet Detectors Based on Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Nanowire: A Review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072072. [PMID: 29958452 PMCID: PMC6068994 DOI: 10.3390/s18072072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) detectors have attracted considerable attention in the past decade due to their extensive applications in the civil and military fields. Wide bandgap semiconductor-based UV detectors can detect UV light effectively, and nanowire structures can greatly improve the sensitivity of sensors with many quantum effects. This review summarizes recent developments in the classification and principles of UV detectors, i.e., photoconductive type, Schottky barrier type, metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) type, p-n junction type and p-i-n junction type. The current state of the art in wide bandgap semiconductor materials suitable for producing nanowires for use in UV detectors, i.e., metallic oxide, III-nitride and SiC, during the last five years is also summarized. Finally, novel types of UV detectors such as hybrid nanostructure detectors, self-powered detectors and flexible detectors are introduced.
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16
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Abou Oualid H, Amadine O, Essamlali Y, Dânoun K, Zahouily M. Supercritical CO2 drying of alginate/zinc hydrogels: a green and facile route to prepare ZnO foam structures and ZnO nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20737-20747. [PMID: 35542378 PMCID: PMC9080889 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02129e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate a simple and effective synthetic protocol to produce zinc oxide foams by a facile solution-based method using alginate gelation. The influences of the zinc concentration and the drying process on the structural, textural and morphological properties of the synthesized ZnO nanomaterial were studied and discussed. The components of these nanomaterials were characterized by several techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted synthetic route in controlling the growth of the ZnO nanoparticles. XRD analysis revealed that the as-prepared ZnO nanomaterial crystallizes in the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO show ultra-violet (UV) and visible emissions. SEM analysis revealed the porous texture of the prepared zinc oxide. TEM analysis confirmed the nano dimensions of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. A comparative study of conventional air drying versus supercritical drying was conducted to determine the influence of each mode of drying on the structural, textural and morphological as well as optical properties of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. In the present study, we investigate a simple and effective synthetic protocol to produce zinc oxide foams by a facile solution-based method using alginate gelation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Abou Oualid
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles
- URAC 24
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques
- Université Hassan II
- Morocco
| | - Othmane Amadine
- MAScIR Foundation
- VARENA Center
- Rabat Design
- 10100 Rabat
- Morocco
| | | | - Karim Dânoun
- MAScIR Foundation
- VARENA Center
- Rabat Design
- 10100 Rabat
- Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles
- URAC 24
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques
- Université Hassan II
- Morocco
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17
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Lam KT, Hsiao YJ, Ji LW, Fang TH, Hsiao KH, Chu TT. High-Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on ZnO Nanorods/CdS Heterostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 28091943 PMCID: PMC5236045 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with ZnO nanorods (NRs)/CdS thin film heterostructures on glass substrates have been fabricated and characterized. It can be seen that the UV photoresponsivity of such a device became higher as the ZnO NR length was increased in the investigation. With an incident wavelength of 350 nm and 5 V applied bias, the responsivity of photodetectors based on ZnO NR/CdS heterostructures with the ZnO NR length at 500, 350, and 200 nm and traditional CdS film were at 12.86, 3.83, 0.91, and 0.75 A/W, respectively. The measurement results of the fabricated photodetectors based on ZnO nanorods (NRs)/CdS heterostructures have shown a significant high sensitivity in the range of UV light, which can be useful for the application of UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Tak Lam
- Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jen Hsiao
- National Nano Device Laboratories, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wen Ji
- Institute of Electro-Optical and Materials Science, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan
| | - Te-Hua Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hua Hsiao
- Institute of Electro-Optical and Materials Science, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632 Taiwan
| | - Tung-Te Chu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, 821 Taiwan
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18
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Comparative Studies on Ultraviolet-Light-Derived Photoresponse Properties of ZnO, AZO, and GZO Transparent Semiconductor Thin Films. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121379. [PMID: 29194421 PMCID: PMC5744314 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ZnO, Al-doped ZnO (AZO), and Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) semiconductor thin films were deposited on glass substrates via a sol-gel spin-coating process for application in a photoconductive ultraviolet (UV) detector. The doping concentrations of Al and Ga were 1.0 at % in the precursor solutions. In this study, the microstructural features and the optical and electrical properties of sol-gel-derived ZnO, AZO, and GZO thin films were compared, and the performance of ZnO-based UV photodetectors under ultraviolet A (UVA) light were measured. Experimental results confirmed the synthesis of single-phase nanocrystalline ZnO-based thin films and the successful substitution of Al and Ga into Zn sites in ZnO crystals. The results also demonstrated that the optical transmittance and electrical properties of ZnO thin films could be improved by Al and Ga doping. UV photodetectors based on ZnO-based thin films, having a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration, were fabricated with Al inter-digitated electrodes. All photodetectors showed an ohmic nature between semiconductor and electrode contacts and exhibited a sharp increase in photocurrent under illumination with UVA light. We found that the MSM UV photodetector based on the GZO semiconductor thin film exhibited the best UV response (IUVA/Idark) of 73.3 and the highest photocurrent responsivity of 46.2 A/W under UVA light (power density ~0.825 mW/cm²) at 5 V bias.
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19
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Qi Q, Liu S, Li X, Kong C, Guo Z, Chen L. In situ fabrication of ZnO@N-doped nanoporous carbon core-shell heterostructures with high photocatalytic and adsorption capacity by a calcination of ZnO@MOF strategy. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Zhang X, Shen Z, Liu J, Kerisit SN, Bowden ME, Sushko ML, De Yoreo JJ, Rosso KM. Direction-specific interaction forces underlying zinc oxide crystal growth by oriented attachment. Nat Commun 2017; 8:835. [PMID: 29018200 PMCID: PMC5635138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization by particle attachment is impacting our understanding of natural mineralization processes and holds promise for novel materials design. When particles assemble in crystallographic alignment, expulsion of the intervening solvent and particle coalescence are enabled by near-perfect co-alignment via interparticle forces that remain poorly quantified. Here we report measurement and simulation of these nanoscale aligning forces for the ZnO(0001)-ZnO(000\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar 1$$\end{document}1¯) system in aqueous solution. Dynamic force spectroscopy using nanoengineered single crystal probes reveals an attractive force with 60o rotational periodicity. Calculated distance and orientation-dependent potentials of mean force show several attractive free energy wells distinguished by numbers of intervening water layers, which reach a minimum when aligned. The calculated activation energy to separate the attractively bound solvated interfaces perfectly reproduces the measured 60o periodicity, revealing the key role of intervening water structuring as a basis to generate the interparticle torque that completes alignment and enables coalescence. Crystal growth is a fundamental process, important in a wide range of fields, but the interparticle forces responsible for molecule alignment are not well understood. Here, the authors measure the alignment forces in ZnO using dynamic force spectroscopy, highlighting the role of intervening water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - Z Shen
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - J Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - S N Kerisit
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - M E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - M L Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - J J De Yoreo
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA
| | - K M Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, WA, USA.
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21
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Shalini D, Senthilkumar S, Rajaguru P. Effect of size and shape on toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:87-94. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1366609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Shalini
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - S. Senthilkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P. Rajaguru
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
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22
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Biswas P, Cho SR, Kim JW, Baek SD, Myoung JM. Improved UV response of ZnO nanotubes by resonant coupling of anchored plasmonic silver nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:225502. [PMID: 28402290 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6ce0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, plasmonic silver (Ag) nanoparticle-(NP) anchored ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanotube-(NT) based UV photodetectors are demonstrated. Here, Ag NPs are synthesized and anchored by using a room-temperature photochemical method by exposing the precursor solution in UV radiation. In order to achieve a stronger surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and minimum agglomeration, the photochemical method is optimized with a precursor concentration of 5 mmol, a UV intensity of 0.4 mW · cm-2, and an exposure time of 30 min. An asymmetry around 380 nm in the absorption spectra of the NP solution indicates the presence of plasmonic resonance in that region. Upon anchoring the Ag NPs, ZnO NRs show enhanced band edge emission (380-400 nm) and the emission is further significantly increased in Ag NP-anchored ZnO NTs. The on/off ratio and photoresponse properties of the UV photodetectors are enhanced significantly after anchoring Ag NPs on the ZnO nanostructures. It is believed that the near-field coupling of SPR causes an optical enhancement of ZnO, whereas the bridging effect and hot-electron transfer to the conduction band of ZnO by plasmonic Ag NPs, anchored in close proximity, gives rise to a faster response of the photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Choi DS, Hansen M, Van Keuren E, Hahm JI. Highly photoresponsive, ZnO nanorod-based photodetector for operation in the visible spectral range. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:145203. [PMID: 28281467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While significant advances have been made for gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coupled zinc oxide (ZnO) as visibly blind, ultraviolet photodetection devices, very few ZnO nanomaterial systems have been developed specifically for use in the visible wavelength regime. Further efforts to develop ZnO-based visible photodetectors (PDs) are still highly warranted in order to better understand the precise effect of AuNP load, operation wavelength, and beam position on the device output. In this study, we demonstrate significantly enhanced, photoresponse behaviors of AuNP-coupled ZnO nanorod (NR) network devices in the visible wavelength range with their photoresponse capacity comparable to, if not far exceeding, most commercial PDs as well as recently reported, visible, AuNP-coupled ZnO detectors. In addition, the nature and degree of the photoresponsivity enhancement are systematically elucidated by investigating their light-triggered electrical signals under varying incident wavelengths, AuNP amounts, and illumination positions. We discuss a possible photoconduction mechanism of our AuNP-coupled ZnO NR PDs and the origins of the high photoresponsivity. Specifically related to the AuNP amount-dependent photoresponse behaviors, the nanoparticle density yielding photoresponse maxima is explained as the interplay between localized surface plasmon resonance, plasmonic heating, and scattering in our photothermoelectric effect-driven device. We show that the AuNP-coupled ZnO NR PDs can be constructed via a straightforward method without the need for ultrahigh vacuum, sputtering procedures, or photo/electron-beam lithographic tools. Hence, the approach demonstrated in this study may serve as a convenient and viable means to advance the current state of ZnO-based PDs for operation in the visible spectral range with greatly increased photoresponsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, United States of America
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24
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Boruah BD, Misra A. Conjugated assembly of colloidal zinc oxide quantum dots and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for an excellent photosensitive ultraviolet photodetector. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:355204. [PMID: 27454746 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/35/355204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of highly dense colloidal zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ZnO QDs@MWCNTs) is achieved for high performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetection. Significant improvement in the photoresponse of the ZnO QDs@MWCNTs photodetector (PD) is established as compared to a pristine ZnO QDs PD. The conjugation of two constituents allows the direct transfer of photoinduced charge carriers in ZnO QDs to MWCNTs for an efficient electrical path that considerably reduces charge recombination during UV exposure. Linearity in the response current with both the UV illumination intensity as well as external bias voltage reveals the photoelastic behavior of the ZnO QDs@MWCNTs PD. Moreover, the PD displays faster response and recovery times of 1.6 s and 1.9 s, respectively, than the most conventional PDs. In addition, spectral photoresponse analysis of the PD presents visible-blind behavior. Overall, conjugation of the hybrid heterostructure presented excellent photoelastic, high performance and visible-blind UV photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Deka Boruah
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560012
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25
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26
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Tao Z, Huang YA, Liu X, Chen J, Lei W, Wang X, Pan L, Pan J, Huang Q, Zhang Z. High-Performance Photo-Modulated Thin-Film Transistor Based on Quantum dots/Reduced Graphene Oxide Fragment-Decorated ZnO Nanowires. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2016; 8:247-253. [PMID: 30460284 PMCID: PMC6223684 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a photo-modulated transistor based on the thin-film transistor structure was fabricated on the flexible substrate by spin-coating and magnetron sputtering. A novel hybrid material that composed of CdSe quantum dots and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) fragment-decorated ZnO nanowires was synthesized to overcome the narrow optical sensitive waveband and enhance the photo-responsivity. Due to the enrichment of the interface and heterostructure by RGO fragments being utilized, the photo-responsivity of the transistor was improved to 2000 A W-1 and the photo-sensitive wavelength was extended from ultraviolet to visible. In addition, a positive back-gate voltage was employed to reduce the Schottky barrier width of RGO fragments and ZnO nanowires. As a result, the amount of carriers was increased by 10 folds via the modulation of back-gate voltage. With these inherent properties, such as integrated circuit capability and wide optical sensitive waveband, the transistor will manifest great potential in the future applications in photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System; Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-an Huang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lei
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Pan
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyong Pan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System; Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System; Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 People’s Republic of China
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Shaikh SK, Ganbavle VV, Inamdar SI, Rajpure KY. Multifunctional zinc oxide thin films for high-performance UV photodetectors and nitrogen dioxide gas sensors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional use of ZnO thin film as NO2 gas sensor and UV photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Shaikh
- Electrochemical Materials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
| | - V. V. Ganbavle
- Electrochemical Materials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
| | - S. I. Inamdar
- Electrochemical Materials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
| | - K. Y. Rajpure
- Electrochemical Materials Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
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28
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Chang SH, Yang PY, Lai CM, Lu SC, Li GA, Chang WC, Tuan HY. Synthesis of Cu/ZnO core/shell nanocomposites and their use as efficient photocatalysts. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Konduru NV, Murdaugh KM, Swami A, Jimenez RJ, Donaghey TC, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM. Surface modification of zinc oxide nanoparticles with amorphous silica alters their fate in the circulation. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:720-7. [PMID: 26581431 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) pharmacokinetics and biological effects are influenced by many factors, especially surface physicochemical properties. We assessed the effects of an amorphous silica coating on the fate of zinc after intravenous (IV) injection of neutron activated uncoated (65)ZnO or silica-coated (65)ZnO NPs in male Wistar Han rats. Groups of IV-injected rats were sequentially euthanized, and 18 tissues were collected and analyzed for (65)Zn radioactivity. The protein coronas on each ZnO NP after incubation in rat plasma were analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry of selected gel bands. Plasma clearance for both NPs was biphasic with rapid initial and slower terminal clearance rates. Half-lives of plasma clearance of silica-coated (65)ZnO were shorter (initial - <1 min; terminal - 2.5 min) than uncoated (65)ZnO (initial - 1.9 min; terminal - 38 min). Interestingly, the silica-coated (65)ZnO group had higher (65)Zn associated with red blood cells and higher initial uptake in the liver. The (65)Zn concentrations in all the other tissues were significantly lower in the silica-coated than uncoated groups. We also found that the protein corona formed on silica-coated ZnO NPs had higher amounts of plasma proteins, particularly albumin, transferrin, A1 inhibitor 3, α-2-hs-glycoprotein, apoprotein E and α-1 antitrypsin. Surface modification with amorphous silica alters the protein corona, agglomerate size, and zeta potential of ZnO NPs, which in turn influences ZnO biokinetic behavior in the circulation. This emphasizes the critical role of the protein corona in the biokinetics, toxicology and nanomedical applications of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjun V Konduru
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Kimberly M Murdaugh
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Archana Swami
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Renato J Jimenez
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Joseph D Brain
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ramon M Molina
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program and Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology , Boston , MA , USA
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Yang Z, Wang M, Ding J, Sun Z, Li L, Huang J, Liu J, Shao J. Semi-Transparent ZnO-CuI/CuSCN Photodiode Detector with Narrow-Band UV Photoresponse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21235-21244. [PMID: 26352523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ZnO homogeneous pn junction photodiode is quite difficult to fabricate due to the absence of stable p-type ZnO. So exploring reliable p-type materials is necessary to build a heterogeneous pn junction with n-type ZnO. Herein, we develop a simple and low-cost solution-processed method to obtain inorganic p-type CuI/CuSCN composite film with compact morphology, high conductivity, and low surface state. The improved performance of CuI/CuSCN composite film can be confirmed based on high-rectification ratio, responsivity, and open voltage of ZnO-CuI/CuSCN photodiode UV detectors. Moreover, photodiodes with novel top electrodes are investigated. Compared with commonly used Au and graphene/Ag nanowire (NWs) electrode, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) electrode prepared by Meyer rod-coating technique opens one route to obtain a semitransparent photodiode. The photodiode with PEDOT PSS as the top electrode under reverse illumination has the highest photocurrent density due to higher UV transmittance of PEDOT PSS transparent electrode compared with ITO glass. The low-energy consumption, and high responsivity, UV to visible rejection ratio and air stability make this ZnO-CuI/CuSCN photodiode quite promising in the UV-A detection field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Minqiang Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jijun Ding
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhongwang Sun
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (EMRL), Key Laboratory of Education Ministry; International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
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Uzar NK, Abudayyak M, Akcay N, Algun G, Özhan G. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced cyto- and genotoxicity in kidney epithelial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:334-9. [PMID: 25980654 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The wide uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) in industrial, cosmetics, medicine, food production and electronics associate with increase in occupational and public exposure. Although, toxicity of nano-ZnO has been extensively studied on many different cell types and animal systems, there is a significant lack of toxicological data focus on nephrotoxic potential of nano-ZnO. In this study, the cyto- and genotoxic effects of nano-ZnO on rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were investigated by using different assays. Nano-ZnO (10-50 nm of sizes) were synthesized by sol-gel method. For the cytotoxic effect of nano-ZnO, mean of inhibition concentration (IC50) values in cell line was evaluated by MTT, Trypan Blue (TB) and Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assays at 25.0-100.0 μg/mL exposure concentrations. Nano-ZnO showed cytotoxic activity by acting on different targets in renal cells, with IC50 ≥ 73.05 μg/mL. Comet assay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of nano-ZnO (12.5-50.0 μg/mL). Nano-ZnO caused statistically significant DNA damage. Our results highlight the important risk of cyto- and genotoxic effects of nano-ZnO over the kidney.
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ZnO nanoparticles augment ALT, AST, ALP and LDH expressions in C2C12 cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:679-84. [PMID: 26586993 PMCID: PMC4625421 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme expressions in C2C12 cells. ZnO nanoparticles are widely used in the several cosmetic lotions and other biomedical products. Several studies report on ZnO nanoparticle mediated cytotoxicity. However, there are no reports on the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on ALT, AST, ALP and LDH enzyme expressions in C2C12 cells. A cytotoxicity assay was carried out to determine the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (1-5 mg/ml) on C2C12 cell viability at 48 and 72 h. ZnO nanoparticles increased ALT, AST, ALP and LDH enzyme mRNA expression and their activities in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that ZnO nanoparticles increased these enzyme activities and its mRNA expression in C2C12 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Yang X, Shao H, Liu W, Gu W, Shu X, Mo Y, Chen X, Zhang Q, Jiang M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress are involved in ZnO nanoparticle-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:40-9. [PMID: 25680694 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nano-ZnO) are widely used in sunscreens, clothes, medicine and electronic devices. However, the potential risks of human exposure and the potential for adverse health impacts are not well understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to Nano-ZnO caused liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis through oxidative stress, but the molecular mechanisms that are involved in Nano-ZnO-induced hepatotoxicity are still unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is sensitive to oxidative stress, and also plays a crucial role in oxidative stress-induced damage. Previous studies showed that ER stress was involved in many chemical-induced liver injuries. We hypothesized that exposure to Nano-ZnO caused oxidative stress and ER stress that were involved in Nano-ZnO-induced liver injury. To test our hypothesis, mice were gavaged with 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg of Nano-ZnO once a day for a period of 90 days, and blood and liver tissues were obtained for study. Our results showed that exposure to Nano-ZnO caused liver injury that was reflected by focal hepatocellular necrosis, congestive dilation of central veins, and significantly increased alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Exposure to Nano-ZnO also caused depletion of glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues. In addition, our electron microscope results showed that ER swelling and ribosomal degranulation were observed in the liver tissues from mice treated with Nano-ZnO. The mRNA expression levels of ER stress-associated genes (grp78, grp94, pdi-3, xbp-1) were also up-regulated in Nano-ZnO-treated mice. Nano-ZnO caused increased phosphorylation of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Finally, we found that exposure to Nano-ZnO caused increased ER stress-associated apoptotic protein levels, such as caspase-3, caspase-9, caspase-12, phosphorylation of JNK, and CHOP/GADD153, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes (chop and bax). These results suggest that oxidative stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis are involved in Nano-ZnO-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huali Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weirong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Hsu YM, Wang CY, Chang P, Yew TR. Non-stoichiometric W(18)O(49-x)S(x) nanowires for wide spectrum photosensors with high internal gain. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:901-907. [PMID: 25470451 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports successful synthesis of non-stoichiometric single-crystal W18O49-xSx nanowires for photosensors with a high absorption rate (>83%) across a wide spectrum (300-2000 nm), a high internal gain (G = 10(6)-10(7)) and a relatively fast response time (approximately 1-3 s). In addition, the correlation between the photoconductivity gain (G) and the surface-to-volume ratio of non-stoichiometric single-crystal W18O49-xSx nanowires was studied. The surface-to-volume ratio and non-stoichiometric material of W18O49-xSx contributed to the photoconductivity gain; hence, the nanowires are favorable for photosensor devices. The wide spectrum obtained also suggests their extensive applications in numerous fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013.
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Konduru NV, Murdaugh KM, Sotiriou GA, Donaghey TC, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM. Bioavailability, distribution and clearance of tracheally-instilled and gavaged uncoated or silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:44. [PMID: 25183210 PMCID: PMC4237897 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and biological effects are influenced by several factors. We assessed the effects of amorphous SiO2 coating on the pharmacokinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) following intratracheal (IT) instillation and gavage in rats. METHODS Uncoated and SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were neutron-activated and IT-instilled at 1 mg/kg or gavaged at 5 mg/kg. Rats were followed over 28 days post-IT, and over 7 days post-gavage. Tissue samples were analyzed for 65Zn radioactivity. Pulmonary responses to instilled NPs were also evaluated at 24 hours. RESULTS SiO2-coated ZnO elicited significantly higher inflammatory responses than uncoated NPs. Pulmonary clearance of both 65ZnO NPs was biphasic with a rapid initial t1/2 (0.2 - 0.3 hours), and a slower terminal t1/2 of 1.2 days (SiO2-coated ZnO) and 1.7 days (ZnO). Both NPs were almost completely cleared by day 7 (>98%). With IT-instilled 65ZnO NPs, significantly more 65Zn was found in skeletal muscle, liver, skin, kidneys, cecum and blood on day 2 in uncoated than SiO2-coated NPs. By 28 days, extrapulmonary levels of 65Zn from both NPs significantly decreased. However, 65Zn levels in skeletal muscle, skin and blood remained higher from uncoated NPs. Interestingly, 65Zn levels in bone marrow and thoracic lymph nodes were higher from coated 65ZnO NPs. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine from rats instilled with SiO2-coated 65ZnO NPs. After 7 days post-gavage, only 7.4% (uncoated) and 6.7% (coated) of 65Zn dose were measured in all tissues combined. As with instilled NPs, after gavage significantly more 65Zn was measured in skeletal muscle from uncoated NPs and less in thoracic lymph nodes. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine and feces with coated than uncoated 65ZnO NPs. However, over 95% of the total dose of both NPs was eliminated in the feces by day 7. CONCLUSIONS Although SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were more inflammogenic, the overall lung clearance rate was not affected. However, SiO2 coating altered the tissue distribution of 65Zn in some extrapulmonary tissues. For both IT instillation and gavage administration, SiO2 coating enhanced transport of 65Zn to thoracic lymph nodes and decreased transport to the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramon M Molina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston 02115, MA, USA.
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36
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Murali B, Krupanidhi SB. Transport properties of CuIn(1-x)Al(x)Se2/AZnO heterostructure for low cost thin film photovoltaics. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1974-83. [PMID: 24336980 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuIn(1-x)Al(x)Se2 (CIASe) thin films were grown by a simple sol-gel route followed by annealing under vacuum. Parameters related to the spin-orbit (ΔSO) and crystal field (ΔCF) were determined using a quasi-cubic model. Highly oriented (002) aluminum doped (2%) ZnO, 100 nm thin films, were co-sputtered for CuIn(1-x)Al(x)Se2/AZnO based solar cells. Barrier height and ideality factor varied from 0.63 eV to 0.51 eV and 1.3186 to 2.095 in the dark and under 1.38 A.M 1.5 solar illumination respectively. Current-voltage characteristics carried out at 300 K were confined to a triangle, exhibiting three limiting conduction mechanisms: Ohms law, trap-filled limit curve and SCLC, with 0.2 V being the cross-over voltage, for a quadratic transition from Ohm's to Child's law. Visible photodetection was demonstrated with a CIASe/AZO photodiode configuration. Photocurrent was enhanced by one order from 3 × 10(-3) A in the dark at 1 V to 3 × 10(-2) A upon 1.38 sun illumination. The optimized photodiode exhibits an external quantum efficiency of over 32% to 10% from 350 to 1100 nm at high intensity 17.99 mW cm(-2) solar illumination. High responsivity Rλ ~ 920 A W(-1), sensitivity S ~ 9.0, specific detectivity D* ~ 3 × 10(14) Jones, make CIASe a potential absorber for enhancing the forthcoming technological applications of photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banavoth Murali
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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Lei JF, Li LB, Du K, Ni J, Zhang SF, Zhao LZ. Thermo-catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde: a novel approach to produce mesoporous ZnO for enhanced photocatalytic activities. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:255701. [PMID: 24897060 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/25/255701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method, thermo-catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde, is used to synthesize mesoporous ZnO crystals with enhanced photocatalytic activities. The mechanism of the mesoporous formation is investigated by synthesizing a series of samples at various systems and characterizing them with FT-IR, EDS, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The results show that formaldehyde can be adsorbed on the crystal planes of ZnO during the crystal growth and can then be catalytically decomposed into CO, CO2 and H2 during a sintering process. Because of the formation and the escape of these gases, which act as templates, the crystalline particles of ZnO are forced to rearrange consistently, and pores are formed in the internal crystal. Also, porous TiO2 crystals have been obtained via the same approach. Photocatalytic tests indicate that a porous ZnO crystal has higher activity than that of a nonporous one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian F Lei
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Li M, Lou X. Sol–gel assisted hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO microstructures: Morphology control and photocatalytic activity. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li H, Jiao S, Gao S, Li H, Li L. Dynamically controlled synthesis of different ZnO nanostructures by a surfactant-free hydrothermal method. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01282h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To broaden the device applications of ZnO nanomaterials, various ZnO nanostructures have been fabricated by physical disturbance assisted hydrothermal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shujie Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education
| | - Shiyong Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hongtao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin, PR China
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Raza SRA, Lee YT, Hosseini Shokouh SH, Ha R, Choi HJ, Im S. A ZnO nanowire-based photo-inverter with pulse-induced fast recovery. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:10829-10834. [PMID: 24084851 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fast response photo-inverter comprised of one transparent gated ZnO nanowire field-effect transistor (FET) and one opaque FET respectively as the driver and load. Under ultraviolet (UV) light the transfer curve of the transparent gate FET shifts to the negative side and so does the voltage transfer curve (VTC) of the inverter. After termination of UV exposure the recovery of photo-induced current takes a long time in general. This persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is due to hole trapping on the surface of ZnO NWs. Here, we used a positive voltage short pulse after UV exposure, for the first time resolving the PPC issue in nanowire-based photo-detectors by accumulating electrons at the ZnO/dielectric interface. We found that a pulse duration as small as 200 ns was sufficient to reach a full recovery to the dark state from the UV induced state, realizing a fast UV detector with a voltage output.
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Ahn SE, Jeon S, Jeon YW, Kim C, Lee MJ, Lee CW, Park J, Song I, Nathan A, Lee S, Chung UI. High-performance nanowire oxide photo-thin film transistor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5549-5554. [PMID: 24038596 DOI: 10.1002/adma201301102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A gate-modulated nanowire oxide photosensor is fabricated by electron-beam lithography and conventional dry etch processing.. The device characteristics are good, including endurance of up to 10(6) test cycles, and gate-pulse excitation is used to remove persistent photoconductivity. The viability of nanowire oxide phototransistors for high speed and high resolution applications is demonstrated, thus potentially expanding the scope of exploitation of touch-free interactive displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eon Ahn
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 446-712, Republic of Korea
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Nie B, Hu JG, Luo LB, Xie C, Zeng LH, Lv P, Li FZ, Jie JS, Feng M, Wu CY, Yu YQ, Yu SH. Monolayer graphene film on ZnO nanorod array for high-performance Schottky junction ultraviolet photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2872-9. [PMID: 23495044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Schottky junction ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) is fabricated by coating a free-standing ZnO nanorod (ZnONR) array with a layer of transparent monolayer graphene (MLG) film. The single-crystalline [0001]-oriented ZnONR array has a length of about 8-11 μm, and a diameter of 100∼600 nm. Finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that this novel nanostructure array/MLG heterojunction can trap UV photons effectively within the ZnONRs. By studying the I-V characteristics in the temperature range of 80-300 K, the barrier heights of the MLG film/ZnONR array Schottky barrier are estimated at different temperatures. Interestingly, the heterojunction diode with typical rectifying characteristics exhibits a high sensitivity to UV light illumination and a quick response of millisecond rise time/fall times with excellent reproducibility, whereas it is weakly sensitive to visible light irradiation. It is also observed that this UV photodetector (PD) is capable of monitoring a fast switching light with a frequency as high as 2250 Hz. The generality of the above results suggest that this MLG film/ZnONR array Schottky junction UVPD will have potential application in future optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional, Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
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Baek M, Chung HE, Yu J, Lee JA, Kim TH, Oh JM, Lee WJ, Paek SM, Lee JK, Jeong J, Choy JH, Choi SJ. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3081-97. [PMID: 22811602 PMCID: PMC3394467 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profile of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with respect to their particle size in rats. METHODS Two ZnO nanoparticles of different size (20 nm and 70 nm) were orally administered to male and female rats, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve, tissue distribution, excretion, and the fate of the nanoparticles in organs were analyzed. RESULTS The plasma zinc concentration of both sizes of ZnO nanoparticles increased during the 24 hours after administration in a dose-dependent manner. They were mainly distributed to organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender. Elimination kinetics showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, while most of nanoparticles were excreted via the feces. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the tissues showed no noticeable ZnO nanoparticles, while new Zn-S bonds were observed in tissues. CONCLUSION ZnO nanoparticles of different size were not easily absorbed into the bloodstream via the gastrointestinal tract after a single oral dose. The liver, lung, and kidney could be possible target organs for accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was independent of particle size or gender. ZnO nanoparticles appear to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form due to newly formed Zn-S bonds. The nanoparticles were mainly excreted via the feces, and smaller particles were cleared more rapidly than the larger ones. ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration below 300 mg/kg were distributed in tissues and excreted within 24 hours. These findings provide crucial information on possible acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in potential target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Baek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han Z, Liao L, Wu Y, Pan H, Shen S, Chen J. Synthesis and photocatalytic application of oriented hierarchical ZnO flower-rod architectures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 217-218:100-106. [PMID: 22459971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An oriented hierarchical ZnO flower-rod arrays (FRs) were prepared on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) glass using a facile solution-based method assisted with ZnO seed layer. And the as-prepared ZnO FRs/ITO was used as a convenient photocatalytic device that recycled without centrifugation. The results show that ZnO FRs are wurtzite phase with single crystalline grown along the [001] direction. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra illustrate that there are more oxygen vacancies on the surface of ZnO FRs compared with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The electrochemical methods using Rhodamine B (RhB) as electrolyte are also performed to study on the photodegradation mechanism where RhB is acted as photocatalytic substrate. For ZnO FRs, the higher photoinduced currents under UV irradiation and current density prove that the recombination of electron-hole pairs is restrained with oxygen vacancies, and the lower charge transfer resistance suggest that the charges could move quickly through ZnO oriented structures. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity is enhanced by ZnO FRs compared with ZnO NPs, and RhB degradation efficiency of ZnO FRs photocatalysts is nearly 100% by UV irradiation for 1.5h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Han
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials, Yishan Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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45
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Jeon S, Ahn SE, Song I, Kim CJ, Chung UI, Lee E, Yoo I, Nathan A, Lee S, Robertson J, Kim K. Gated three-terminal device architecture to eliminate persistent photoconductivity in oxide semiconductor photosensor arrays. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:301-305. [PMID: 22367002 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The composition of amorphous oxide semiconductors, which are well known for their optical transparency, can be tailored to enhance their absorption and induce photoconductivity for irradiation with green, and shorter wavelength light. In principle, amorphous oxide semiconductor-based thin-film photoconductors could hence be applied as photosensors. However, their photoconductivity persists for hours after illumination has been removed, which severely degrades the response time and the frame rate of oxide-based sensor arrays. We have solved the problem of persistent photoconductivity (PPC) by developing a gated amorphous oxide semiconductor photo thin-film transistor (photo-TFT) that can provide direct control over the position of the Fermi level in the active layer. Applying a short-duration (10 ns) voltage pulse to these devices induces electron accumulation and accelerates their recombination with ionized oxygen vacancy sites, which are thought to cause PPC. We have integrated these photo-TFTs in a transparent active-matrix photosensor array that can be operated at high frame rates and that has potential applications in contact-free interactive displays.
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Xie Q, Li J, Tian Q, Shi R. Template-free synthesis of zinc citrate yolk–shell microspheres and their transformation to ZnO yolk–shell nanospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang X, Xie Z, Huang H, Liu Z, Chen D, Shen G. Gas sensors, thermistor and photodetector based on ZnS nanowires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Luo LB, Yang XB, Liang FX, Jie JS, Li Q, Zhu ZF, Wu CY, Yu YQ, Wang L. Transparent and flexible selenium nanobelt-based visible light photodetector. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yu Y, Jie J, Jiang P, Wang L, Wu C, Peng Q, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xie C, Wu D, Jiang Y. High-gain visible-blind UV photodetectors based on chlorine-doped n-type ZnS nanoribbons with tunable optoelectronic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang J, Luo HF, Chen T, Yuan ZH. A facile shape-selective growth of ZnO nanotips and graded nanowires from its oriented nanorods in a saturated ZnS solution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:505603. [PMID: 21098948 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/50/505603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A facile solution-based route is developed for the preparation of distinctive ZnO nanostructures via a dissolution-growth of ZnO nanorods in a saturated ZnS solution at a water-bath temperature of 95 °C. In the dissolution-growth process, a series of novel morphologies including nanotips, tapered and graded nanowires can be conveniently achieved by simply changing the heating time. The pointed ends of the nanotips have a diameter of several nanometers, and the graded nanowires have a gradient change in diameter from a few to tens of nanometers along the longitudinal direction with the size of the thin end matching the Bohr exciton radius of ZnO. Furthermore, the formation mechanism from the ZnO nanorods to the nanotips, to the tapered and graded nanowires is discussed based on shape-evolution observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
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