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Subramanian A, Doerk G, Kisslinger K, Yi DH, Grubbs RB, Nam CY. Three-dimensional electroactive ZnO nanomesh directly derived from hierarchically self-assembled block copolymer thin films. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9533-9546. [PMID: 31049522 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures can offer enhanced material properties, such as large surface areas that amplify the structures' interaction with environments making them useful for various sensing applications. Self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) can readily generate various 3D nanomorphologies, but their conversion to useful inorganic materials remains one of the critical challenges against the practical application of self-assembled BCPs. This work reports the vapor-phase infiltration synthesis of optoelectrically active, 3D ZnO nanomesh architectures by combining hierarchical successive stacking of self-assembled, lamellar-phase polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) BCP thin films and a modified block-selective vapor-phase material infiltration protocol. The 3D ZnO nanomesh exhibits optoelectrical functionality, featuring stack-layer-number-dependent electrical conductance resembling the percolative transport originating from the intrinsic morphological network connectivity of the lamellar BCP pattern with symmetric block ratio. The results not only illustrate the first demonstration of electrical functionality based on the ZnO nanoarchitecture directly generated by the infiltration synthesis in self-assembled BCP thin films but also present a new, large-area scalable, metal oxide thin film nanoarchitecture fabrication method utilizing industry-compatible polymer solution coating and atomic layer deposition. Given the large surface area, three-dimensional porosity, and readily scalable fabrication procedures, the generated ZnO nanomesh promises potential applications as an efficient active medium in chemical and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Zhou M, Wu YN, Wu B, Yin X, Gao N, Li F, Li G. Block Copolymer-Templated Approach to Nanopatterned Metal-Organic Framework Films. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2044-2047. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China), Fax: (+86) 21-659-850-59
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region; Ministry of Education; School of Environment Science and Engineering; Chang'an University; 710054 Xi'an China
| | - Yi-nan Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China), Fax: (+86) 21-659-850-59
| | - Baozhen Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China), Fax: (+86) 21-659-850-59
| | - Xianpeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China), Fax: (+86) 10-627-929-05
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China), Fax: (+86) 10-627-929-05
| | - Fengting Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering; Tongji University; 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China), Fax: (+86) 21-659-850-59
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry; Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China), Fax: (+86) 10-627-929-05
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Podhorska L, Delcassian D, Goode AE, Agyei M, McComb DW, Ryan MP, Dunlop IE. Mechanisms of Polymer-Templated Nanoparticle Synthesis: Contrasting ZnS and Au. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9216-9222. [PMID: 27547996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We combine solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) to gain a full mechanistic understanding of substructure formation in nanoparticles templated by block copolymer reverse micelles, specifically poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine). We report a novel substructure for micelle-templated ZnS nanoparticles, in which small crystallites (∼4 nm) exist within a larger (∼20 nm) amorphous organic-inorganic hybrid matrix. The formation of this complex structure is explained via SAXS measurements that characterize in situ for the first time the intermediate state of the metal-loaded micelle core: Zn(2+) ions are distributed throughout the micelle core, which solidifies as a unit on sulfidation. The nanoparticle size is thus determined by the radius of the metal-loaded core, rather than the quantity of available metal ions. This mechanism leads to particle size counterintuitively decreasing with increasing metal content, based on the modified interactions of the metal-complexed monomers in direct contrast to gold nanoparticles templated by the same polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Podhorska
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Derfogail Delcassian
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angela E Goode
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Agyei
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David W McComb
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Ohio State University , 1305 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iain E Dunlop
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Osfouri S, Azin R, Pakdaman E. Dynamics of water state in nanoconfined environment. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kos T, Anžlovar A, Pahovnik D, Žagar E, Orel ZC, Žigon M. Zinc-Containing Block Copolymer as a Precursor for the in Situ Formation of Nano ZnO and PMMA/ZnO Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Kos
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Anžlovar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence PoliMaT, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence PoliMaT, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
| | - Zorica Crnjak Orel
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence PoliMaT, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
| | - Majda Žigon
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence PoliMaT, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
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Solmaz A, Aytun T, Deuschle JK, Ow-Yang CW. Nanoscale elastic modulus variation in loaded polymeric micelle reactors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10592-10596. [PMID: 22694325 DOI: 10.1021/la3017722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) enables mapping of chemical composition at the nanoscale by taking advantage of the variation in phase angle shift arising from an embedded second phase. We demonstrate that phase contrast can be attributed to the variation in elastic modulus during the imaging of zinc acetate (ZnAc)-loaded reverse polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) diblock co-polymer micelles less than 100 nm in diameter. Three sample configurations were characterized: (i) a 31.6 μm thick polystyrene (PS) support film for eliminating the substrate contribution, (ii) an unfilled PS-b-P2VP micelle supported by the same PS film, and (iii) a ZnAc-loaded PS-b-P2VP micelle supported by the same PS film. Force-indentation (F-I) curves were measured over unloaded micelles on the PS film and over loaded micelles on the PS film, using standard tapping mode probes of three different spring constants, the same cantilevers used for imaging of the samples before and after loading. For calibration of the tip geometry, nanoindentation was performed on the bare PS film. The resulting elastic modulus values extracted by applying the Hertz model were 8.26 ± 3.43 GPa over the loaded micelles and 4.17 ± 1.65 GPa over the unloaded micelles, confirming that phase contrast images of a monolayer of loaded micelles represent maps of the nanoscale chemical and mechanical variation. By calibrating the tip geometry indirectly using a known soft material, we are able to use the same standard tapping mode cantilevers for both imaging and indentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim Solmaz
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Aytun T, Turak A, Baikie I, Halek G, Ow-Yang CW. Solution-processed LiF for work function tuning in electrode bilayers. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:39-44. [PMID: 22149211 DOI: 10.1021/nl202838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although ambient processing is the key to low-cost organic solar cell production, high-vacuum thermal evaporation of LiF is often a limiting step, motivating the exploration of solution processing of LiF as an alternative electrode interlayer. Submonolayer films are realized with the assistance of polymeric micelle reactors that enable LiF particle deposition with controlled nanoscale surface coverage. Scanning Kelvin probe reveals a work function tunable with nanoparticle coverage with higher values than that of bare indium tin oxide (ITO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Aytun
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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