1
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Li Y, Schwab NL, Briber RM, Dura JA, Nguyen TV. Modification of Nafion's nanostructure for the water management of
PEM
fuel cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Natalie L. Schwab
- Materials Science and Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research Gaithersburg Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Materials Science and Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - Joseph A. Dura
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research Gaithersburg Gaithersburg Maryland USA
| | - Trung Van Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
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2
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Moon Y, Yun Hwang R, Park S, Hee Han Project funding O. 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Degraded Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes: A Simple Methodology for Detecting Onset of Degradation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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3
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Slesarenko NA, Chernyak AV, Avilova IA, Zabrodin VA, Volkov VI. Mobility of water molecules in Li+, Na+ and Cs+ ionic forms of Nafion membrane studied by NMR. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Plazanet M, Morfin I, Honkimäki V, Buslaps T, Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Hydrogen-bond network distortion of water in the soft confinement of Nafion membrane. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:244503. [PMID: 34241357 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Compton spectroscopy investigation is carried out in hydrated Nafion membranes, enabling identification of distortions in the hydrogen-bond distribution of the polymer hydrating water by means of the subtle changes reflected by the Compton profiles. Indeed, deformations of the Compton profiles are observed when varying hydration, and two different bonding kinds are associated with the water molecules: at low hydration, water surrounds the sulfonic groups, while on increasing hydration, water molecules occupy the interstitial cavities formed upon swelling of the membrane. The analysis is proposed in terms of averaged OH bond length variation. A sizable contraction of the OH distance is observed at low hydration (∼0.09 Å), while at higher hydration levels, the contraction is smaller (∼0.02 Å) and the OH bond length is closer to bulk water. An evaluation of the electron kinetic energy indicates that the spatial changes associated with the water distribution correspond to a consistent binding energy increase. Distinct temperature dependences of each water population are observed, which can be straightly related to water desorption into ice on cooling below the freezing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Plazanet
- LIPhy, University Grenoble-Alpes and CNRS, UMR5588 Grenoble, France
| | - I Morfin
- LIPhy, University Grenoble-Alpes and CNRS, UMR5588 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - C Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Volkov VI, Chernyak AV, Avilova IA, Slesarenko NA, Melnikova DL, Skirda VD. Molecular and Ionic Diffusion in Ion Exchange Membranes and Biological Systems (Cells and Proteins) Studied by NMR. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34074055 PMCID: PMC8225114 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The results of NMR, and especially pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) investigations, are summarized. Pulsed field gradient NMR technique makes it possible to investigate directly the partial self-diffusion processes in spatial scales from tenth micron to millimeters. Modern NMR spectrometer diffusive units enable to measure self-diffusion coefficients from 10-13 m2/s to 10-8 m2/s in different materials on 1 H, 2 H, 7 Li, 13 C, 19 F, 23 Na, 31 P, 133 Cs nuclei. PFG NMR became the method of choice for reveals of transport mechanism in polymeric electrolytes for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Second wide field of application this technique is the exchange processes and lateral diffusion in biological cells as well as molecular association of proteins. In this case a permeability, cell size, and associate lifetime could be estimated. The authors have presented the review of their research carried out in Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan. The results of water molecule and Li+, Na+, Cs+ cation self-diffusion in Nafion membranes and membranes based on sulfonated polystyrene, water (and water soluble) fullerene derivative permeability in RBC, casein molecule association have being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy I. Volkov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Chernyak
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Irina A. Avilova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Nikita A. Slesarenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Daria L. Melnikova
- Institute of Physics, KazanFederal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Vladimir D. Skirda
- Institute of Physics, KazanFederal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (V.D.S.)
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6
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Overton P, Li W, Cao X, Holdcroft S. Tuning Ion Exchange Capacity in Hydroxide-Stable Poly(arylimidazolium) Ionenes: Increasing the Ionic Content Decreases the Dependence of Conductivity and Hydration on Temperature and Humidity. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Overton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xinzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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7
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Schibli EM, Stewart JC, Wright AA, Chen B, Holdcroft S, Frisken BJ. The Nanostructure of HMT-PMBI, a Sterically Hindered Ionene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Schibli
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacob C. Stewart
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aidan A. Wright
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Binyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Barbara J. Frisken
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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8
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Volkov VI, Chernyak AV, Golubenko DV, Shevlyakova NV, Tverskoy VA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Mobility of Cations and Water Molecules in Sulfocation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene and Sulfonated Grafted Polystyrene. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751620010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Spatola G, Viale A, Brussolo E, Binetti R, Aime S. Insights into Interfacial Water Structuring at the Nafion Surface by T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:540-545. [PMID: 31874563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of water in the surroundings of a Nafion surface allowed the identification of the presence of a low-mobility zone (LMZ), 60 μm thick, consisting of water molecules structured in a hydrogen-bonding network, promoted by the presence of the acidic protons on the surface of the sulphonated polymer. In parallel, the exclusion zone (EZ) was assessed by observing in optical microscopy the distribution of microspheres suspended in the medium in contact with the Nafion membrane. It was found that the LMZ and the EZ do not correspond: in fact, the former is thinner and more stable over time than the latter and they behave differently when ions are present in the medium in which Nafion is immersed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spatola
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Turin , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 Turin , Italy
| | - Alessandra Viale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Turin , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 Turin , Italy
| | - Elisa Brussolo
- Research Centre, Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A. , Corso Unità d'Italia 235/3 , 10127 Turin , Italy
| | - Rita Binetti
- Research Centre, Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A. , Corso Unità d'Italia 235/3 , 10127 Turin , Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Turin , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 Turin , Italy
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10
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Hammer R, Schönhoff M, Hansen MR. Comprehensive Picture of Water Dynamics in Nafion Membranes at Different Levels of Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8313-8324. [PMID: 31508959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy is employed to study the long-range (diffusion) and short-range (relaxation) motions of water in the hydrophilic channels of Nafion at different stages of hydration, λwater. From Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound analysis of the temperature-dependent 1H spin-lattice relaxation rates, the coexistence of two motional modes for λwater < 9 was observed, which can be attributed to the nonfreezing behavior of water molecules. At higher hydration levels, a clear transition between two different motional modes was detected associated with the freezing of bulk water. The hydration-level-dependent diffusion 1H NMR studies showed a steep increase in diffusion coefficients at 6 ≤ λwater ≤ 9 followed by a linear increase with the increasing hydration level (λwater ≥ 12). Taken together the correlation of long- and short-range motion studies allowed us to establish a comprehensive picture of the hydration shell formation for the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion dependent on λwater that can be divided into three characteristic regions. These include the formation of the first hydration shell at λwater ≈ 3 (region I), the second hydration shell at λwater ≈ 8 (region II), and finally (iii) the presence of bulk water above λwater ≥ 10 (region III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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11
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Chang K, Luo H, Geise GM. Water content, relative permittivity, and ion sorption properties of polymers for membrane desalination. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Kononenko N, Nikonenko V, Grande D, Larchet C, Dammak L, Fomenko M, Volfkovich Y. Porous structure of ion exchange membranes investigated by various techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 246:196-216. [PMID: 28511788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A comparative review of various techniques is provided: mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based thermoporosimetry, and standard contact porosimetry (SCP), which allows determining pore volume distribution versus pore radius/water binding energy in ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). IEMs in the swollen state have a labile structure involving micro-, meso- and macropores, whose size is a function of the external water vapor pressure. For such materials, the most appropriate methods for quantifying their porosity are DSC and SCP. Especially significant information is given by the SCP method allowing measuring porosimetric curves in a very large pore size range from 1 to 105nm. Experimental results of water distribution in homogeneous and heterogeneous commercial and modified IEMs are presented. The effect of various factors on water distribution is reviewed, i.e. nature of polymeric matrix and functional groups, method for membrane preparation, membrane ageing. A special attention is given to the effect of membrane modification by embedding nanoparticles in their structure. The porosimetric curves are considered along with the results of electrochemical characterization involving the measurements of membrane conductivity, as well as diffusion and electroosmotic permeability. It is shown that addition of nanoparticles may lead to either increase or decrease of water content in IEMs, different ranges of pore size being affected. Hybrid membranes modified with hydrated zirconium dioxide exhibit much higher permselectivity in comparison with the pristine membranes. The diversity of the responses of membrane properties to their modification allows for formation of membranes suitable for fuel cells, electrodialysis or other applications.
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13
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Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Infrared Absorption Spectra of H3O+ and H5O+2 in Nonaqueous Solutions of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Hydrates. J SOLUTION CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-016-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Kononenko NA, Fomenko MA, Volfkovich YM. Structure of perfluorinated membranes investigated by method of standard contact porosimetry. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:425-35. [PMID: 25132223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The results of investigation of various factors influencing water distribution in perfluorinated membrane structure by method of standard contact porosimetry are summarized. The Nafion membranes (Dupon de Nemoure, USA) and MF-4SK membranes ("Plastpolymer", Russia) were the objects of the research. The influence of production process and conditioning method on porosimetric curves of perfluorinated membrane is discussed. New results related to the porosity of perfluorinated membranes after reinforcing fabric introduction and processing by organic solvents are reported. The role of the modifying components of various nature in the shaping of transport channels in perfluorinated membrane is studied. The influence of polyaniline and hydrogen zirconium phosphate on water distribution in membrane structure is revealed. The correlation between the maximum porosity value of the membrane and its diffusion and electroosmotic permeability, as well as between the fraction of the gel pore volume and membrane selectivity is established. It allows the prediction of possible changes in the structural characteristics and also in the transport properties of the membranes under the influence of the modifying components of different types and various operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kononenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol'skaya Str., Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation.
| | - M A Fomenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropol'skaya Str., Krasnodar 350040, Russian Federation.
| | - Yu M Volfkovich
- A N Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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15
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Smith ZP, Tiwari RR, Dose ME, Gleason KL, Murphy TM, Sanders DF, Gunawan G, Robeson LM, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Influence of Diffusivity and Sorption on Helium and Hydrogen Separations in Hydrocarbon, Silicon, and Fluorocarbon-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Smith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Rajkiran R. Tiwari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Michelle E. Dose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Kristofer L. Gleason
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Thomas M. Murphy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - David F. Sanders
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Gabriella Gunawan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Lloyd M. Robeson
- Lehigh University, 1801 Mill
Creek Road, Macungie, Pennsylvania 18062, United States
| | - Donald R. Paul
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy
and Environmental Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100
Burnet Road, Bldg. 133, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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16
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Han OH. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on electrochemical reactions of low temperature fuel cells operating in acidic conditions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 72:1-41. [PMID: 23731860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oc Hee Han
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Li Y, Nguyen QT, Buquet CL, Langevin D, Legras M, Marais S. Water sorption in Nafion® membranes analyzed with an improved dual-mode sorption model—Structure/property relationships. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Volkov VI, Marinin AA. NMR methods for studying ion and molecular transport in polymer electrolytes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n03abeh004278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Zhong G, Liu Z, Li T, Cheng H, Yu S, Fu R, Yang Y. The states of methanol within Nafion and sulfonated poly(phenylene ether ether sulfone) membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Incorporation of Hyperbranched Supramolecules into Nafion Ionic Domains via Impregnation and In-Situ Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3042018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Vanderveen JR, Blackburn MA, Ooms KJ. 2H double- and zero-quantum filtered NMR spectroscopy for probing the environments of water in Nafion. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple quantum 2H NMR spectroscopy is used to study the structure and dynamics of D2O in Nafion membranes as a function of membrane hydration. By employing both double- and zero-quantum filtered experiments, residual quadrupolar coupling constants and T2 relaxation values are obtained. The residual couplings vary from 240 to 20 Hz and the T2 values range from 20 to 180 ms, with the high hydration values having smaller couplings and longer T2 values. Analysis of the data using a water-exchange model suggests that the changes in parameters arise from a change in the fraction of time water spends in the anisotropic environments and not from changes in the order parameters that characterize the anisotropic sites. It has been found that a two-site model is needed to accurately fit the spectra above a hydration level of 10 D2O per sulfonate, with the second site having a negligible residual quadrupolar coupling. The data supports a model with two different hydration layers at high hydration and can be understood in terms of the recently proposed parallel-channel model for Nafion hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Vanderveen
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
| | - Mark A. Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
| | - Kristopher J. Ooms
- Department of Chemistry, The King’s University College, 9125-50St. Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada
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22
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Xu F, Leclerc S, Lottin O, Canet D. Impact of chemical treatments on the behavior of water in Nafion® NRE-212 by 1H NMR: Self-diffusion measurements and proton quantization. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Lee DK, Saito T, Benesi AJ, Hickner MA, Allcock HR. Characterization of water in proton-conducting membranes by deuterium NMR T1 relaxation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:776-83. [PMID: 21218813 DOI: 10.1021/jp106757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(2)H T(1) NMR relaxation was used to characterize the molecular motion of deuterated water ((2)H(2)O) in Aquivion E87-05, Nafion 117, and sulfonated-Radel proton-exchange membranes. The presence of bound water with solid character was confirmed by the dependence of the (2)H T(1) relaxation on the magnetic field of the spectrometer. By comparing the (2)H T(1) relaxation times of the different membranes that were equilibrated in varying humidities, the factors that influence the state of water in the membranes were identified. At low levels of hydration, the molecular motion of (2)H(2)O is affected by the acidity and mobility of the sulfonic acid groups to which the water molecules are coordinated. At higher levels of hydration, the molecular motion of (2)H(2)O is affected by the phase separation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic domains and the size of the hydrophilic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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24
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Kim YS, Pivovar BS. Moving Beyond Mass-Based Parameters for Conductivity Analysis of Sulfonated Polymers. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2010; 1:123-48. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proton conductivity of polymer electrolytes is critical for fuel cells and has therefore been studied in significant detail. The conductivity of sulfonated polymers has been linked to material characteristics to elucidate trends. Mass-based measurements based on water uptake and ion exchange capacity are two of the most common material characteristics used to make comparisons between polymer electrolytes, but they have significant limitations when correlated to proton conductivity. These limitations arise in part because different polymers can have significantly different densities and because conduction occurs over length scales more appropriately represented by volume measurements rather than mass. Herein we establish and review volume-related parameters that can be used to compare the proton conductivity of different polymer electrolytes. Morphological effects on proton conductivity are also considered. Finally, the impact of these phenomena on designing next-generation sulfonated polymers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seung Kim
- Sensors and Electrochemical Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Bryan S. Pivovar
- Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
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Influence of Hot Pressing on the Pore Structure of Nafion Electrolyte Membrane Investigated by1H NMR. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.7.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Plazanet M, Bartolini P, Torre R, Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Structure and Acoustic Properties of Hydrated Nafion Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10121-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901406v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Plazanet
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, INFM-CRS-Soft Matter (CNR), c/o Univ. la Sapienza, Piaz. A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Bartolini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, INFM-CRS-Soft Matter (CNR), c/o Univ. la Sapienza, Piaz. A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Torre
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, INFM-CRS-Soft Matter (CNR), c/o Univ. la Sapienza, Piaz. A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Petrillo
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, INFM-CRS-Soft Matter (CNR), c/o Univ. la Sapienza, Piaz. A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F. Sacchetti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy, INFM-CRS-Soft Matter (CNR), c/o Univ. la Sapienza, Piaz. A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Paik Y, Chae SA, Han OH, Hwang SY, Ha HY. Influence of water and degree of sulfonation on the structure and dynamics of SPEEK studied by solid-state 13C and 1H NMR. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Majsztrik PW, Bocarsly AB, Benziger JB. Viscoelastic Response of Nafion. Effects of Temperature and Hydration on Tensile Creep. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801811m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paik Y, Kim SS, Han OH. Methanol Behavior in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:94-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang J, Giotto MV, Wen WY, Jones AA. An NMR study of the state of ions and diffusion in perfluorosulfonate ionomer. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Satterfield MB, Majsztrik PW, Ota H, Benziger JB, Bocarsly AB. Mechanical properties of Nafion and titania/Nafion composite membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Watanabe H, Ooi K. Theoretical Studies on the Structure of Hydration in Perfluorinated Lithium Salt Membranes. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9844-55. [PMID: 16833299 DOI: 10.1021/jp050410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method, the normal frequencies are calculated for perfluorinated lithium sulfonate and carboxylate membranes by construction of a cluster model, which severs the ion core from the polymer chain, and then analysis of the experimentally observed infrared (IR) spectra is carried out. During the process of dehydration, small sharp peaks at about 3650 and 3700 cm(-1) appeared on the shoulder of the broad band at about 3500 cm(-1). These sharp peaks are identified as the symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of the free water molecule. Furthermore, by estimation of the evaporation ratio based on thermochemical analysis, it can be assumed that the first hydration shells are naked in some part of the ion core, thereby allowing evaporation to take place within the external hydration shell during the dehydration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Watanabe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Mauritz
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, USA.
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Patil YP, Seery TAP, Shaw MT, Parnas RS. In Situ Water Sensing in a Nafion Membrane by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0491286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yatin P. Patil
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Thomas A. P. Seery
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Montgomery T. Shaw
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Richard S. Parnas
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
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Young SK, Trevino SF, Tan NCB, Paul RL. Utilization of prompt-? neutron activation analysis in the evaluation of Nafion membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Iwamoto R, Oguro K, Sato M, Iseki Y. Water in Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Nafion Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013709g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reikichi Iwamoto
- Kansai Research Institute, Chudoji Minamimachi 17, Shimogyoku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan, and Osaka National Research Institute, AIST, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oguro
- Kansai Research Institute, Chudoji Minamimachi 17, Shimogyoku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan, and Osaka National Research Institute, AIST, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Kansai Research Institute, Chudoji Minamimachi 17, Shimogyoku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan, and Osaka National Research Institute, AIST, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Iseki
- Kansai Research Institute, Chudoji Minamimachi 17, Shimogyoku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan, and Osaka National Research Institute, AIST, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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Shi M, Anson FC. Effects of hydration on the resistances and electrochemical responses of nafioncoatings on electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kruczala K, Gao Z, Dyrek K, Schlick S. Ligand Design by Ionomers. ESR of MoV in Perfluorinated Ionomer Supports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951890l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kruczala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dyrek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Shulamith Schlick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219, and Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
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Batamack P, Fraissard J. Interaction of the perfluorinated polymer Nafion-H with water studied by proton broad-line NMR at 4 K and MAS NMR at room temperature. Catal Letters 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Yoshida H, Miura Y. Behavior of water in perfluorinated ionomer membranes containing various monovalent cations. J Memb Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(92)80145-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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