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Lorenz M, Schönhoff M. Evaluating Strategies to Enhance Li Transference in Salt-in-Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: Mixed Anions, Coordinating Cations, and High Salt Concentration. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2782-2791. [PMID: 38459911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The increased safety of salt-in-ionic liquid electrolytes compared with established carbonate-based systems has promoted intense research in this field, but low conductivities, slow lithium transport, and unfavorable lithium anion correlations still prevent a mass market application. In particular, strong Li-anion correlations lead to dominant vehicular Li transport with the same drift direction for anions and lithium in the electric field. Here, three different strategies and their mutual interplay are evaluated, which could reduce Li-anion coordination, i.e., high salt concentration, a mixed-anion composition, as well as an ether functionalization of the organic cation. To this end, two series of highly concentrated IL-based electrolytes, based on either ethylmethylimidazolium (EMIM) or the ether-functionalized 1-methoxyethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr12O1) organic cation, and employing mixed bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (FSI/TFSI) anions are investigated. Measurements of conductivities, diffusion coefficients, and electrophoretic mobilities reveal no beneficial effect due to the increased heterogeneity of the FSI/TFSI-based electrolyte matrix, generally showing improved transport properties with increasing FSI share. However, a combination of both the ether-functionalized cation and high FSI content is proven successful, as lithium mobilities are positive, and vehicular transport is overcome by structural Li transport. Our study demonstrates the decisive role of synergy of the different approaches: While the single effect of a high salt concentration, weakly lithium-coordinating anions, or organic cations with lithium-affine functional groups is too weak to prevent vehicular transport, their joint effect can overcome vehicular Li transport, leading to improved Li conduction in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lorenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, Münster 48149, Germany
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2
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Michna A, Pomorska A, Ozcan O. Biocompatible Macroion/Growth Factor Assemblies for Medical Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040609. [PMID: 37189357 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are a class of proteins that play a role in the proliferation (the increase in the number of cells resulting from cell division) and differentiation (when a cell undergoes changes in gene expression becoming a more specific type of cell) of cells. They can have both positive (accelerating the normal healing process) and negative effects (causing cancer) on disease progression and have potential applications in gene therapy and wound healing. However, their short half-life, low stability, and susceptibility to degradation by enzymes at body temperature make them easily degradable in vivo. To improve their effectiveness and stability, growth factors require carriers for delivery that protect them from heat, pH changes, and proteolysis. These carriers should also be able to deliver the growth factors to their intended destination. This review focuses on the current scientific literature concerning the physicochemical properties (such as biocompatibility, high affinity for binding growth factors, improved bioactivity and stability of the growth factors, protection from heat, pH changes or appropriate electric charge for growth factor attachment via electrostatic interactions) of macroions, growth factors, and macroion-growth factor assemblies, as well as their potential uses in medicine (e.g., diabetic wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer therapy). Specific attention is given to three types of growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factors, human fibroblast growth factors, and neurotrophins, as well as selected biocompatible synthetic macroions (obtained through standard polymerization techniques) and polysaccharides (natural macroions composed of repeating monomeric units of monosaccharides). Understanding the mechanisms by which growth factors bind to potential carriers could lead to more effective delivery methods for these proteins, which are of significant interest in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative and civilization diseases, as well as in the healing of chronic wounds.
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Lunkad R, Biehl P, Murmiliuk A, Blanco PM, Mons P, Štěpánek M, Schacher FH, Košovan P. Simulations and Potentiometric Titrations Enable Reliable Determination of Effective p Ka Values of Various Polyzwitterions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lunkad
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pablo M. Blanco
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Mons
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Košovan
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Zhang W, Sun C, Kou J, Xing Y, Gong D, Li S, Su M. The influence of polyethyleneimine dosages and molecular weight on sedimentation and rheology behavior of copper tailings. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1623692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Chunbao Sun
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Kou
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Daozhen Gong
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofu Li
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- Nonferrous China Africa Mining Company, Chambishi, Zambia
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Patel L, Mansour O, Crossman M, Griffiths P. Electrophoretic NMR Characterization of Charged Side Chain Cationic Polyelectrolytes and Their Interaction with the Anionic Surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9233-9238. [PMID: 31257889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oppositely charged polymers and surfactants show a complex phase behavior with large regions of solubility and insolubility dependent on the concentrations of the species present. Here, a series of quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose (cationic) polymers have been characterized by pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR (PGSE-NMR) and electrophoretic NMR (eNMR) in simple aqueous (D2O) solutions and in combination with the oppositely charged (anionic) surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Analysis of the effective charge on the polymer derived from both the eNMR and PGSE-NMR results yields a readily interpretable insight into the polymer behavior; the effective charge on the polymer at infinite dilution shows a linear relationship with the degree of modification. On addition of low concentrations of SDS, typically Csurf < 5 mM, the surfactant interacts with the charged polymers, leading to substantial changes in the dynamics of the system (polymer diffusion, viscosity). At these levels of surfactant addition, there is no macroscopic phase separation. Further, with the absence of an interaction with the parent, the uncharged polymer strongly suggests that the SDS only interacts with the charged moieties present on the functionalized side groups and not the polymer backbone. Ultimately, the charge on the soluble polymer/surfactant complex was found to depend linearly on the level of surfactant binding across a series of polymers with differing levels of modification with the charge becoming effectively zero at the macroscopic phase separation boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesa Patel
- Faculty of Engineering and Science , University of Greenwich , Chatham Maritime, Kent , United Kingdom ME4 4TB
| | - Omar Mansour
- Faculty of Engineering and Science , University of Greenwich , Chatham Maritime, Kent , United Kingdom ME4 4TB
| | - Martin Crossman
- Unilever Research , Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East , Bebington, Wirral , United Kingdom CH63 3JW
| | - Peter Griffiths
- Faculty of Engineering and Science , University of Greenwich , Chatham Maritime, Kent , United Kingdom ME4 4TB
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Al-Khatib O, Böttcher C, von Berlepsch H, Herman K, Schön S, Rabe JP, Kirstein S. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto the oppositely charged surface of tubular J-aggregates of a cyanine dye. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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8
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Zhang W, Leong YK, Sun C, Fan H, Zhang X. Effect of sequentially adsorbed multilayers, citric acid(CA)-PEI-CA-PEI and PEI-CA-PEI-CA, on the surface chemistry and rheology of spherical α-alumina suspensions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1500481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Yee-Kwong Leong
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Chunbao Sun
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Rössel C, Billing M, Görls H, Festag G, Grube M, Bellstedt P, Nischang I, Schacher F. Synthesis and modification of poly(ethyl 2-(imidazol-1-yl)acrylate) (PEImA). POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Physico-chemical and Spectroscopic Approach to Analyse the Behaviour of Surface-Active Ionic Liquid and Conventional Surfactant in Aqueous Glycine. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Mauri E, Chincarini GM, Rigamonti R, Magagnin L, Sacchetti A, Rossi F. Modulation of electrostatic interactions to improve controlled drug delivery from nanogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Fukuda Y, Abe D, Tanaka Y, Uchida J, Suzuki N, Miyai T, Sasanuma Y. Solution properties of poly(N-methylethylene imine), a highly hydrophilic polycation. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Streaming potential studies of the adsorption of fluorescently-labeled poly(ethylene imine) onto mica. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Wohlfarth A, Smiatek J, Kreuer KD, Takamuku S, Jannasch P, Maier J. Proton Dissociation of Sulfonated Polysulfones: Influence of Molecular Structure and Conformation. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wohlfarth
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute
for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring
3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shogo Takamuku
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck Institute
for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Qu F, Li NB, Luo HQ. Highly sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensor based on polyethylenimine-capped silver nanoclusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1199-205. [PMID: 23282222 DOI: 10.1021/la304558r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters capped by hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) have been developed as a highly sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensor. The probe responds rapidly to pH fluctuations and has such absorption characteristics that the color changes from the colorless or a nearly colorless state to a colored state with increasing acidity, so PEI-capped Ag nanoclusters could be used as a color indicator for colorimetric pH detection. Quantitatively, the fluorescence intensity of PEI-capped Ag nanoclusters exhibits a linear fashion over the pH range of 5.02-7.96 and increases by around 10-fold approximately with greater fluorescence at higher pH values. The repulsion development and conformational change of PEI with decreasing pH induce the aggregation of Ag nanoclusters, leading to an obvious color change and fluorescence quenching of Ag nanoclusters at low pH values. As expected, the pH probe is also sensitive to the different buffer solutions, except for those containing some anions that could react with Ag nanoclusters. Besides, the ionic strength of the buffers has a little influence on the pH-responsive behavior. Our pH sensor with nanoscaled physical dimensions would be a promising candidate in the applications in biological, medical, and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Encapsidation of RNA–Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Toward a New Self-Assembly Route. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20189-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Patil S, Chaudhury P, Clarizia L, McDonald M, Reynaud E, Gaines P, Schmidt DF. Responsive hydrogels produced via organic sol-gel chemistry for cell culture applications. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2919-31. [PMID: 22561670 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of novel environmentally responsive polyurea hydrogel networks prepared via organic sol-gel chemistry and demonstrate that the networks can stabilize pH while releasing glucose both in simple aqueous media and in mammalian cell culture settings. Hydrogel formulations have been developed based on the combination of an aliphatic triisocyanate with pH-insensitive amine functional polyether and pH-sensitive poly(ethyleneimine) segments in a minimally toxic solvent suitable for the sol-gel reaction. The polyether component of the polyurea network is sufficiently hydrophilic to give rise to some level of swelling independent of environmental pH, while the poly(ethyleneimine) component contains tertiary amine groups providing pH sensitivity to the network in the form of enhanced swelling and release under acidic conditions. The reaction of these materials to form a network is rapid and requires no catalyst. The resultant material exhibits the desired pH-responsive swelling behavior and demonstrates its ability to simultaneously neutralize lactic acid and release glucose in both cell-free culture media and mammalian cell culture, with no detectable evidence of cytotoxicity or changes in cell behavior, in the case of either SA-13 human hybridomas or mouse embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, pH is observed to have a clear effect on the rate at which glucose is released from the hydrogel network. Such characteristics promise to maintain a favorable cell culture environment in the absence of human intervention.
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Sabín J, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Prieto G, Bordi F, Sarmiento F. Double charge inversion in polyethylenimine-decorated liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10534-10542. [PMID: 22712613 DOI: 10.1021/la3019259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of the interaction of a cationic polymer as PEI with phospholipids membranes is of special relevance for gene therapy because the PEI is a potential nonviral vector to transfer DNA in living cells. We used light scattering, zeta potential, and electron transmission microscopy to characterize the interaction between DMPG and DOPC liposomes with PEI as a function of the charge molar ratio, pH, temperature, initial size of the liposomes, and headgroup of the lipids. Unexpectedly, a double charge inversion and two different ranges of PEI-liposome concentrations where an aggregation occurs were found, when the proper pH and initial size of the liposomes were chosen. The interaction is analyzed in terms of the interaction potential proposed by Velegol and Thwar for colloidal particles with a nonuniform surface charge distribution. Results show a remarkable dependence of the stability on pH and the initial size of the liposomes, which explains the low reproducibility of the experiments if no special care is taken in preparing the samples. Comparatively small changes in the pH or in the liposomes size lead to a completely different stability behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sabín
- Biophysics & Interfaces Group, Department of Applied Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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19
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Controlling attractive interparticle forces via small anionic and cationic additives in kaolin clay slurries. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Interactions of PEI (polyethylenimine)–silica particles with citric acid in dispersions. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Koupanou E, Ahualli S, Glatter O, Delgado A, Krumeich F, Leontidis E. Stabilization of lead sulfide nanoparticles by polyamines in aqueous solutions. A structural study of the dispersions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16909-16920. [PMID: 20945867 DOI: 10.1021/la1031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles have been synthesized in aqueous solutions by a reaction between inorganic lead salts and sodium sulfide and stabilized using the cationic polyelectrolytes branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The structures of the polyamine-stabilized nanoparticle dispersions were examined in detail using UV-vis spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), static and dynamic electrophoretic mobility measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Considerable differences were found between the stabilizing efficiencies of these polyelectrolytes, which cannot be attributed to their charge densities or their persistence lengths. Small monodisperse nanoparticles of PbS with a tight stabilizing shell were consistently found only when PEI was used as a stabilizer even at high pH values, although its charge density is then very low. The excellence of PEI as a stabilizer is mainly due to the extensive branching of the chains and the presence of uncharged secondary and tertiary amine groups, which apparently serve as good anchoring points at the nanoparticle surfaces. None of the polyelectrolytes examined here provide long-term protection of the nanoparticles toward oxidation by air, showing that a need for more complex multipurpose stabilizers exists for aqueous PbS dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koupanou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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23
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Song S, Hu N. pH-Controllable bioelectrocatalysis based on "on-off" switching redox property of electroactive probes for spin-assembled layer-by-layer films containing branched poly(ethyleneimine). J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3648-54. [PMID: 20170091 DOI: 10.1021/jp910048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Weak polybase branched poly(ethyleneimine) (BPEI) and strong polyacid poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were assembled into BPEI/{PSS/BPEI}(n) layer-by-layer (LBL) films on electrodes by electrostatic interaction between them with spin-coating approach. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) response of ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (Fc(COOH)(2)) at BPEI/{PSS/BPEI}(n) film electrodes was very sensitive to the pH of the testing solutions. At pH 4.0, the probe showed a well-defined CV peak pair with relatively large peak currents for the films, while, at pH 7.0, the CV response was significantly depressed. By switching the film electrodes in buffers between pH 4.0 and 7.0, the CV peak currents changed periodically between a relatively high value at the "on" state and a very low value at the "off" state, indicating that the pH-sensitive "on-off" switching function of the films toward the probe is reversible. A series of comparative experiments indicates that the electrostatic interaction between the films and the probe plays a predominant role in deciding the pH-sensitive behavior of the films. This pH-dependent property of the films could be used to control or modulate the bioelectrocatalysis of glucose by glucose oxidase (GOD) with Fc(COOH)(2) as the mediator by changing the surrounding pH. This "smart" bioelectrocatalytic film system may establish a foundation for fabricating novel pH-controllable electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Song
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Renneckar S, Zhou Y. Nanoscale coatings on wood: polyelectrolyte adsorption and layer-by-layer assembled film formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:559-566. [PMID: 20355976 DOI: 10.1021/am800119q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of wood is based on the exposed surface that is the combination of the intact and cut cellular wall material. It is inherently complex and changes with processing history. Modification of wood surfaces through noncovalent attachment of amine containing water soluble polyelectrolytes provides a path to create functional surfaces in a controlled manner. Adsorption of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polydiallydimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) to wood was quantified as a function of solution conditions (pH and ionic strength). Polycation adsorption was maximized under basic pH without the addition of electrolyte. Added salt either had marginal influence or decreased adsorption of polycation, indicating interactions are strongly influenced by Coulombic forces. PEI adsorption could be modeled by both a Langmuir and Freundlich equations, although the wood surface is known to be heterogeneous. After adsorption of polycations, layer-by-layer assembled films were created on the wood surface. Layered films masked ultrastructural features of the cell wall, while leaving the microscale features of wood (cut lumen walls and openings) evident. These findings revealed for the first time that nanoscale films on wood can be deposited without changing the microscopic and macroscopic texture. Functionalized wood surfaces created by nanoscale films may have a future role in adhesives systems for wood composites, wood protection, and creating new functional features on wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science and Forest Products and T. Brooks Forest Products Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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25
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Unal B, Hedden RC. pH-dependent swelling of hydrogels containing highly branched polyamine macromonomers. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Poly(ethylene imine) functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle for biological applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)80215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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27
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Griffiths PC, Paul A, Fallis IA, Wellappili C, Murphy DM, Jenkins R, Waters SJ, Nilmini R, Heenan RK, King SM. Derivatizing weak polyelectrolytes—Solution properties, self-aggregation, and association with anionic surfaces of hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene imine). J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 314:460-9. [PMID: 17602700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of weak polyelectrolytes may be tailored via hydrophobic modification to exhibit useful properties under appropriate pH and ionic strength conditions as a consequence of the often inherently competing effects of electrostatics and hydrophobicity. Pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR (PGSE-NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) surface tension, fluorescence, and pH titration have been used to examine the solution conformation and aggregation behavior of a series of hydrophobically modified hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) polymers in aqueous solution, and their interaction with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). PGSE-NMR gave a particularly insightful picture of the apparent molecular weight distribution. The presence of the hydrophobes led to a lower effective charge on the polymer at any given pH, compared to the (parent) nonmodified samples. Analysis of the SANS data showed that the propensity to form highly elliptical or rod-like aggregates at higher pHs, reflecting both the changes in protonation behavior induced by the hydrophobic modification and an hydrophobic interaction, but that these structures were disrupted with decreasing pH (increasing charge). The parent samples were not surface active yet the hydrophobically modified samples show pronounced surface activity and the presence of small hydrophobic domains. The surface activity increased with an increase in the degree of modification. On addition of SDS, the onset of the formation of polymer/surfactant complexes was insensitive to the degree of modification with the resultant PEI/SDS complexes resembling the size and shape of simple SDS micelles. Indeed, the presence of the SDS effectively nullifies the effects of the hydrophobe. Hydrophobic modification is therefore a viable option to tailor pH dependent properties, whose effects may be removed by the presence of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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28
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Mezei A, Mészaros R. Novel method for the estimation of the binding isotherms of ionic surfactants on oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7148-51. [PMID: 16893208 DOI: 10.1021/la0612670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important characteristics of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant interaction is the binding isotherm of the surfactant because it provides basic thermodynamic information about the binding mechanism. However, the amount of the surfactant bound to the polymer may crucially affect the surface properties of these systems via changing the thermodynamic activity of the components. Therefore, a knowledge of the binding isotherms can also be useful in tuning the efficiency of commercial products. However, the determination of these isotherms is still subject to significant experimental difficulties. In this letter, we offer a novel method for the estimation of binding isotherms based on electrokinetic measurements. The technique provides a simple and quick way to estimate the bound amount of surfactant that might be useful in both fundamental and industrial research. In principle, the proposed method could also be extended to the determination of the binding isotherms of small ligands on biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Mezei
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Lorand University, 1117 Budapest, Pazmany Péter sétany 1/A, Hungary
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29
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Sasanuma Y, Kumagai R, Nakata K. Prediction of Structures, Properties, and Functions of Alternating Copolymers of Ethylene Imine and Ethylene Oxide As an Example of Molecular Design for Polymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0612531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sasanuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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30
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Howe AM, Wesley RD, Bertrand M, Côte M, Leroy J. Controlled association in suspensions of charged nanoparticles with a weak polyelectrolyte. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:4518-25. [PMID: 16649758 DOI: 10.1021/la053327s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The properties of high-pH suspensions of mixtures of silica with low-molecular-weight samples of the water-soluble polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) have been studied. At pH > 10 and low ionic strength, silica nanoparticles are stabilized by a negative surface charge, and PEI has only a very low positive charge. The adsorption of PEI induces a localized positive charge on the segments of polymer closest to the silica surface. The parts of the molecule furthest away from the surface have little charge because of the high pH of the medium. The polymer-covered particle remains negatively charged, imparting some electrostatic stabilization. Suspensions of silica and low-molecular-weight PEI are low-viscosity fluids immediately after mixing, but aggregation occurs leading to the eventual gelation (or sedimentation at lower concentrations) of these mixtures, indicating colloidal instability. The gelation time passes through a minimum with increasing surface coverage. The rate of gelation increases exponentially with molecular weight: for molecular weight > or = 10,000 Da PEI, the instability is so severe that uniform suspensions cannot be produced using simple mixing techniques. The gelation rates increase rapidly with temperature, ionic strength, and reduction in pH. The rate of gelation increases with increasing particle concentration at low surface coverage but decreases at high coverage as a consequence of a small increase in pH. Gels are broken by application of high shear into aggregates that re-gel more rapidly than the original discrete coated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Howe
- Kodak European Research, 332 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0BW, UK.
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31
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Griffiths PC, Paul A, Hirst N. Electrophoretic NMR studies of polymer and surfactant systems. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:134-45. [PMID: 16444295 DOI: 10.1039/b501286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this tutorial review is to introduce to a broader readership the emerging technique of electrophoretic NMR (eNMR). The "electrophoretic" element of the technique refers to the fact that charged particles are induced to flow by the application of an electric field. This flow is measured using pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR (PGSE-NMR). The great potential of this experimental approach is the fact that NMR is chemically selective and non-invasive. eNMR, especially when combined with the more established PGSE-NMR experiment, may therefore be used to quantify the structure of multi-component systems via the dynamics and charge of each species within a complex mixture. Accordingly, eNMR is likely to be of great significance for colloid scientists, biologists, technologists and formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AT
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