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Krishnakumar S, Gopidas KR. Covalent Functionalization of Organic Nanoparticles Using Aryl Diazonium Chemistry and Their Solvent-Dependent Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1162-1170. [PMID: 28061527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for covalent functionalization of Fréchet-type dendron nanoparticles (FDNs) using tris-bipyridylruthenium(II) is described. Covalent functionalization is achieved by chemically reducing the diazo derivative of a ruthenium(II)bipyridine complex in the presence of FDNs wherein the radical species generated gets covalently linked to the nanoparticle surface. Simplicity, rapidity, and robustness are the advantages offered by the present approach. The nanoparticles, post functionalization, were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray, UV-visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Depending on the solvent, the ruthenium complex-linked FDN displays a range of morphologies, including nanoparticles, fiber-networks, and nanocapsules. In the nanocapsules and fiber-networks observed in organic solvents, the ruthenium complex is confined within the interior domain of the aggregate, whereas in the nanoparticles observed in water, it is present on the periphery. The formation of predictable morphologies in different solvents plays a key role in using such self-assembled structures for various applications such as sensing, catalysis, and light harvesting. Characterization of these nanoaggregates using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Krishnakumar
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Trivandrum 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
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2
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pH-controlled doxorubicin anticancer loading and release from carbon nanotube noncovalently modified by chitosan: MD simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:70-76. [PMID: 27677150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe here the pH condition activating doxorubicin (DOX) anticancer drugs loading and release over single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) non-covalently wrapped with chitosan (CS). The possibility of drug displacement on DOX/CS/SWNT nanocarrier was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The drug loading and release were monitored via displacement analysis and binding energy calculations. The simulated results clearly showed that the drugs well interacted with the CS/SWNT at physiological pH (pH 7.4), where CS was in the deprotonated form. Contrastingly, in weakly acidic environments (pH 5.0-6.5) which is a pH characteristics of certain cancer environments, the protonated CS became loosen wrapped around the SWNT and triggered drugs release as a result of charge-charge repulsion between CS and drug molecules. The obtained data fulfil the understanding at atomic level of drug loading and release controlled by pH-sensitive polymer, which might be useful for further cancer therapy researches.
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3
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Xu TQ, Liu JH, Liu Y. Half-metallocene complexes of yttrium with amidinate ligands: Monoalkyl yttrium formation and C–H bond activation. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Jia Z, Bobrin VA, Truong NP, Gillard M, Monteiro MJ. Multifunctional Nanoworms and Nanorods through a One-Step Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5824-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500092m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for
Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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5
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Yu Y, Chen CK, Law WC, Weinheimer E, Sengupta S, Prasad PN, Cheng C. Polylactide-graft-doxorubicin nanoparticles with precisely controlled drug loading for pH-triggered drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:524-32. [PMID: 24446700 DOI: 10.1021/bm401471p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with high drug loading and pH-responsivity were prepared by nanoprecipitation of a hydrophobic polymer-drug conjugate (PDC). The PDC, polylactide-graft-doxorubicin (PLA-g-DOX), was synthesized by azide-alkyne click reaction to transform acetylene-functionalized PLA into PLA-graft-aldehyde (PLA-g-ALD), followed by DOX conjugation to form acid-sensitive Schiff base linkage between drug moieties and polymer scaffold. The DOX loading amount in PLA-g-DOX PDC was determined to be 32 wt % by (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies. PLA-g-DOX PDC was further used to prepare NPs with precisely controlled drug loading by nanoprecipitation in the presence of a PEGylated surfactant. The effects of organic solvent, PLA-g-DOX PDC concentration and PLA-g-DOX/surfactant mass ratio on size and size distribution of NPs were systematically examined based on analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). NPs prepared under the optimal conditions exhibited well-defined spherical morphology with volume-average hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) around 100 nm. Due to the Schiff base conjugation linkage in PLA-g-DOX PDC, acid-sensitive drug release behavior of the NPs was observed. In vitro studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed that the NPs can be readily taken up and result in enhanced therapeutic efficiency as compared to DOX·HCl, indicating their promising potential applications as anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, §Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, and ∥Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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6
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Kushwaha SKS, Ghoshal S, Rai AK, Singh S. Carbon nanotubes as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer therapy: a review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties, attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug delivery. The unique properties of CNTs such as ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them useful for cancer therapy. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of modern times because its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Here, CNTs play a major role because phenomena such as EPR, allow CNTs to distinguish normal cells from affected ones, the Holy Grail in cancer therapy. Considerable work has been done on CNTs as drug delivery systems over the last two decades. However, concerns over certain issues such as biocompatibility and toxicity have been raised and warrant extensive research in this field.
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des Rieux A, Pourcelle V, Cani PD, Marchand-Brynaert J, Préat V. Targeted nanoparticles with novel non-peptidic ligands for oral delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:833-44. [PMID: 23454185 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Orally administered targeted nanoparticles have a large number of potential biomedical applications and display several putative advantages for oral drug delivery, such as the protection of fragile drugs or modification of drug pharmacokinetics. These advantages notwithstanding, oral drug delivery by nanoparticles remains challenging. The optimization of particle size and surface properties and targeting by ligand grafting have been shown to enhance nanoparticle transport across the intestinal epithelium. Here, different grafting strategies for non-peptidic ligands, e.g., peptidomimetics, lectin mimetics, sugars and vitamins, that are stable in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed. We demonstrate that the grafting of these non-peptidic ligands allows nanoparticles to be targeted to M cells, enterocytes, immune cells or L cells. We show that these grafted nanoparticles could be promising vehicles for oral vaccination by targeting M cells or for the delivery of therapeutic proteins. We suggest that targeting L cells could be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or obesity.
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8
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Pan D, Cai X, Kim B, Stacy AJ, Wang LV, Lanza GM. Rapid synthesis of near infrared polymeric micelles for real-time sentinel lymph node imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:582-9. [PMID: 23184793 PMCID: PMC5041307 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript a synthetic methodology for developing sub 20 nm sized polymeric micellar nanoparticles designed for extravascular imaging and therapy is revealed. A simple, one-pot method is followed, which involves a rapid co-self-assembly of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer (PS-b-PAA) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate in water. Sorbitan monooleate imparts stability to the micelles and helps to drive down the particle size below 20 nm. The particles are incorporated with a water soluble dye ADS832WS, which absorbs in the near infrared range (λ(ex) = 832 nm) for sensitive detection with optical and photoacoustic imaging techniques. A candidate lipophilic anti-angiogenic therapeutic agent fumagillin was also incorporated with high entrapment (>95%) efficiency. The effectiveness of this theranostic platform for real-time, high-resolution intraoperative photoacoustic imaging for facilitating direct assessment of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer staging is demonstrated. The technique offers huge potential providing faster resection of SLN and may minimize complications caused by axillary exploration due to mismarking with dyes or low-resolution imaging techniques. Finally, the biodistribution and organ accumulation of the intravenously and intradermally injected particles are studied in a rodent model by optical imaging. Data suggest that intraveneously injected NIR-polymeric nanoparticles follow a typical bio-distribution clearance path through the reticuloendothelial (RES) system. For the intradermally injected particles, a slower mechanism of clearance is noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Cai
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Benjamin Kim
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Allen J Stacy
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - Gregory M. Lanza
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, Washington University, St. Louis MO
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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9
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Hansell CF, O’Reilly RK. A "Mix-and-Click" Approach to Double Core-Shell Micelle Functionalization. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:896-901. [PMID: 35607140 DOI: 10.1021/mz300230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A micellar scaffold formed by self-assembly of a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-synthesized amphiphilic diblock copolymer has been prepared to contain two orthogonal click-compatible functionalities in the core and shell. These functionalities (norbornenes in the core and terminal alkynes in the shell) have been used as handles to modify the micellar assembly in the core using tetrazine-norbornene chemistry or the shell using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne reaction. Additionally, both core and shell modifications were carried out in a tandem, one-pot process using the orthogonal chemistries mentioned above. In all cases the reactions were found to be highly efficient, requiring little excess of the modifying small molecule and very simple to perform under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Hansell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
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10
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Xiong XB, Falamarzian A, Garg SM, Lavasanifar A. Engineering of amphiphilic block copolymers for polymeric micellar drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 2011; 155:248-61. [PMID: 21621570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of nano-delivery systems formed through assembly of synthetic amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) in experimental medicine and pharmaceutical sciences is experiencing rapid development. This rapid development is driven by a crucial need in improving the performance of existing therapeutic agents, as well as the necessity for the development of advanced delivery systems for complex new entities such as genes, proteins and other cellular components. The flexibility in the construction of appropriate carriers for the delivery requirements of these complex new "drugs" offered by versatile polymer chemistry provides an undeniable advantage for polymer based nano-delivery systems compared to other colloids in this regard. With seven formulations already in different stages of clinical trials, polymeric micelles are in the front line of drug development among different ABC-based nano-carriers. The success in rapid advancement of polymeric micelles from bench to bedside is owed to the rational engineering of core/shell structure so that the polymeric micellar carrier can meet the requirements for optimum delivery of specific drug(s) in certain disease condition(s). The engineering efforts in this regard have mostly been aimed at providing efficient drug loading, micellar stabilization, and sustained and/or site specific drug release. The objective of this review is to provide an update on different engineering strategies employed to achieve optimum polymeric micellar formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Xiong
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
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11
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Poree DE, Giles MD, Lawson LB, He J, Grayson SM. Synthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers and their evaluation as transdermal carriers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:898-906. [PMID: 21341702 PMCID: PMC3081539 DOI: 10.1021/bm101185t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic star polymers offer substantial promise for a range of drug delivery applications owing to their ability to encapsulate guest molecules. One appealing but underexplored application is transdermal drug delivery using star block copolymer reverse micelles as an alternative to the more common oral and intravenous routes. We prepared 6- and 12-arm amphiphilic star copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of sequential blocks of polar oligo (ethylene glycol)methacrylate and nonpolar lauryl methacrylate from brominated dendritic macroinitiators based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid. These star block copolymers demonstrate the ability to encapsulate polar dyes such as rhodamine B and FITC-BSA in nonpolar media via UV/vis spectroscopic studies and exhibit substantially improved encapsulation efficiencies, relative to self-assembled "1-arm" linear block copolymer analogs. Furthermore, their transdermal carrier capabilities were demonstrated in multiple dye diffusion studies using porcine skin, verifying penetration of the carriers into the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawanne E Poree
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans Louisiana 70118, United States
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12
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Lv W, Liu L, Luo Y, Wang X, Liu Y. Biotinylated thermoresponsive core cross-linked nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization and "click" chemistry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 356:16-23. [PMID: 21281940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward approach to the synthesis of "clickable" thermoresponsive core cross-linked (CCL) nanoparticles was developed. This approach was based on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical cross-linking polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene with azide-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM-N(3)) as macro chain transfer agent in a selective solvent. Spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 12nm were obtained after 24h polymerization. When the lyophilized CCL nanoparticles were dispersed in THF, spherical nanoparticles were observed, confirming the stability of CCL nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies demonstrated that spherical nanoparticles and wormlike structure coexisted in the aqueous solution. The CCL nanoparticles have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at about 29.6°C, a little lower than that of PNIPAM homopolymer. Biotin molecules were conjugated to the surface of CCL nanoparticles via "click" chemistry in aqueous media. After bioconjugation, the LCST shifted to 28.3°C. The bioavailability of biotin to protein avidin was evaluated by a 4'-hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid/avidin (HABA/avidin) binding assay and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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13
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Smith D, Holley AC, McCormick CL. RAFT-synthesized copolymers and conjugates designed for therapeutic delivery of siRNA. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Ren W, Jiang L, Wang W, Dan Y. The application of copper(II) deactivator on the single-electron transfer living radical polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Matsuoka H, Suetomi Y, Kaewsaiha P, Matsumoto K. Nanostructure of a poly(acrylic acid) brush and its transition in the amphiphilic diblock copolymer monolayer on the water surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13752-13762. [PMID: 19583229 DOI: 10.1021/la901466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructure and its transition of in a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush in the water surface monolayers of poly(hydrogenated isoprene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) with different block lengths and block ratios were investigated by X-ray reflectivity as a function of surface pressure (brush density) and salt concentration in the subphase. The PAA brush showed the same behavior after salt addition as did the poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush, which was investigated previously. The brush chains expanded and then shrunk after passing the maximum with increasing added salt concentration. This behavior could be explained by the change in electric charges on the PAA brush chains as was observed on the PMAA brush. The PAA brush chains showed a critical brush density, where there was a transition between the carpet layer only and carpet + brush layer structures, as did the PMAA and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) brushes. The critical brush density was about 0.4 chains nm(-2), which was higher than that of the PSS brush, a strong acid brush, and was close to that of the PMAA brush, a weak acid brush. However, the critical brush density of the PAA brush was independent of the hydrophilic chain length whereas that of the PMAA brush decreased with increasing PMAA chain length. In addition, the PAA brush had a thicker carpet layer than the PSS and PMAA brushes. Hence, the mechanism of PAA brush formation was predicted to be different from that of not only the PSS brush (strong acid brush) but also the PMAA brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Matsuoka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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16
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Targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using modified single wall carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6041-7. [PMID: 19643474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system that is triggered by changes in pH based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), derivatized with carboxylate groups and coated with a polysaccharide material, can be loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug binds at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and is only released at a lower pH, for example, lysosomal pH and the pH characteristic of certain tumor environments. By manipulating the surface potentials of the modified nanotubes through modification of the polysaccharide coating, both the loading efficiency and release rate of the associated DOX can be controlled. Folic acid (FA), a targeting agent for many tumors, can be additionally tethered to the SWCNTs to selectively deliver DOX into the lysosomes of HeLa cells with much higher efficiency than free DOX. The DOX released from the modified nanotubes has been shown to damage nuclear DNA and inhibit the cell proliferation.
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17
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Pan D, Lanza GM, Wickline SA, Caruthers SD. Nanomedicine: perspective and promises with ligand-directed molecular imaging. Eur J Radiol 2009; 70:274-85. [PMID: 19268515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery play an important role toward personalized medicine, which is the future of patient management. Of late, nanoparticle-based molecular imaging has emerged as an interdisciplinary area, which shows promises to understand the components, processes, dynamics and therapies of a disease at a molecular level. The unprecedented potential of nanoplatforms for early detection, diagnosis and personalized treatment of diseases, have found application in every biomedical imaging modality. Biological and biophysical barriers are overcome by the integration of targeting ligands, imaging agents and therapeutics into the nanoplatform which allow for theranostic applications. In this article, we have discussed the opportunities and potential of targeted molecular imaging with various modalities putting a particular emphasis on perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion-based platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO, USA.
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18
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Kakwere H, Perrier S. Orthogonal “Relay” Reactions for Designing Functionalized Soft Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1889-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8075499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Kakwere
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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19
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Zhang K, Fang H, Wang Z, Taylor JSA, Wooley KL. Cationic shell-crosslinked knedel-like nanoparticles for highly efficient gene and oligonucleotide transfection of mammalian cells. Biomaterials 2008; 30:968-77. [PMID: 19038441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a robust synthetic nanostructure was designed for the effective packaging of DNA and it was shown to be an efficient agent for cell transfection. An amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(acrylamidoethylamine)(128)-b-polystyrene(40) (PAEA(128)-b-PS(40)), was synthesized, micellized in water and shell-crosslinked using a diacid-derivatized crosslinker, to give cationic shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (cSCKs) with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 14 +/- 2 nm. A series of discrete complexes of the cSCKs with plasmid DNA (pDNA) was able to be formed over a broad range of polymer amine:pDNA phosphate ratios (N/P ratio), 2:1-20:1. The sizes of the complexes and their ability to fully bind the pDNA were dependent upon the N/P ratio, as characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gel retardation assay. A luciferase activity assay and EGFP expression were used to evaluate intracellular delivery of a splice-correcting phosphorothioate and genetic material, respectively, by the cSCKs, which indicated that an N/P ratio of 6:1 gave the highest transfection. It was shown by both luciferase activity assay (48 h) and EGFP transfection data that high transfection efficiencies were achieved for HeLa cells transfected by cSCK/CCUCUUACCUCAGUUACA and cSCK/pEGFP-N1 plasmid, respectively. The cSCK/pEGFP-N1 plasmid transfection efficiency of 27% far exceeded the performance of Polyfect (PAMAM dendrimers), which achieved only 12% transfection efficiency, under the same conditions. Cytotoxicities for the cSCKs were evaluated for HeLa and CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Zhang K, Fang H, Chen Z, Taylor JSA, Wooley KL. Shape effects of nanoparticles conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (HIV Tat PTD) on CHO cell uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1880-7. [PMID: 18690739 PMCID: PMC2697497 DOI: 10.1021/bc800160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to probe the nanoparticle shape/size effect on cellular uptake, a spherical and two cylindrical nanoparticles, whose lengths were distinctively varied, were constructed by the selective cross-linking of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles. Herein, we demonstrate that, when the nanoparticles were functionalized with the protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein (HIV Tat PTD), the smaller, spherical nanoparticles had a higher rate of cell entry into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells than did the larger, cylindrical nanoparticles. It was also found that nanoparticles were released after internalization and that the rate of cell exit was dependent on both the nanoparticle shape and the amount of surface-bound PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Arts and Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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21
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Subramanian SH, Dhamodharan R. Rapid ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization oftert-butyl acrylate. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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O'Reilly RK. Spherical polymer micelles: nanosized reaction vessels? PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:2863-78. [PMID: 17855212 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly techniques have provided a versatile means by which to selectively assemble polymeric molecules into well-defined three-dimensional nanostructures. The stabilization and tailoring of these dynamic nanostructures can be achieved using a range of chemistries to afford functional robust nanoparticles. Many examples of the stabilization, functionalization and application of these nanoparticles have been reported in the literature, and this paper will focus on these areas in the context of their potential application as nanometre-sized reaction vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K O'Reilly
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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23
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Germack DS, Wooley KL. RAFT-Based Synthesis and Characterization of ABC versus ACB Triblock Copolymers Containingtert-Butyl Acrylate, Isoprene, and Styrene Blocks. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Liu H, Jiang X, Fan J, Wang G, Liu S. Aldehyde Surface-Functionalized Shell Cross-Linked Micelles with pH-Tunable Core Swellability and Their Bioconjugation with Lysozyme. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071494o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Thin Films and Solution, School of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaoze Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Thin Films and Solution, School of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Thin Films and Solution, School of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Thin Films and Solution, School of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Thin Films and Solution, School of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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25
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Ma R, Wang B, Xu Y, An Y, Zhang W, Li G, Shi L. Surface Phase Separation and Morphology of Stimuli Responsive Complex Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Abstract
The field of shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles is briefly reviewed. Important advances over the last two years are emphasized, potential application areas are discussed and current technical problems with these fascinating nanoparticles are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to (i) the development of new cross-linking chemistries and (ii) the adsorption of SCL micelles at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Read
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, UK S3 7HF
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27
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Chun D, Wudl F, Nelson A. Supramacromolecular Assembly Driven by Complementary Molecular Recognition. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062895r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - Fred Wudl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, and IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120
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28
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O’Reilly RK, Joralemon MJ, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Preparation of orthogonally-functionalized core Click cross-linked nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Germack DS, Wooley KL. Isoprene polymerizationvia reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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O'Reilly RK, Joralemon MJ, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Fluorogenic 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition within the Hydrophobic Core of a Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticle. Chemistry 2006; 12:6776-86. [PMID: 16800009 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using either nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) or reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) techniques, novel block copolymers that present terminal acetylenes, in the side chain of the styrenic block, were obtained with narrow polydispersities and targeted molecular weights. For the conversion of these acetylene-functionalized polymers to amphiphilic block copolymers, RAFT techniques were preferred. Mild protection/deprotection chemistries were employed which were compatible with the incorporation of the acetylene functionality in the hydrophobic segment. These acetylene-functionalized, Click-readied amphiphilic block copolymers were then self-assembled and cross-linked to afford shell cross-linked knedel-like (SCK) nanoparticles that contained acetylene groups in the core domain. The hydrodynamic diameters (D(h)) of the block copolymer micelles and nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the dimensions of the nanoparticles were characterized using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical availability of the Click functionality within the core domain of the SCKs was investigated using the copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar fluorogenic cycloaddition with a non-fluorescent 3-azidocoumarin profluorophore to afford intensely fluorescent nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K O'Reilly
- Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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31
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Delaittre G, Nicolas J, Lefay C, Save M, Charleux B. Aqueous suspension of amphiphilic diblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared in situ from a water-soluble poly(sodium acrylate) alkoxyamine macroinitiator. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:223-231. [PMID: 32646149 DOI: 10.1039/b515267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simple, one step synthesis of aqueous suspensions of amphiphilic nanoparticles is presented. Those particles are prepared in the batch heterophase polymerization of styrene or -butyl acrylate, using a water-soluble poly(sodium acrylate) alkoxyamine macroinitiator. The nitroxide-mediated controlled growth of the hydrophobic block leads to the formation of poly(sodium acrylate)--polystyrene or poly(sodium acrylate)--poly(-butyl acrylate) amphiphilic diblock copolymers, able to self-assemble in water simultaneously to the growth step. When the diblock copolymers become strongly asymmetrical, with a short poly(sodium acrylate) block and a long hydrophobic one, the formed hairy nanoparticles are analogous to amphiphilic diblock copolymer crew-cut micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaittre
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CNRS UMR 7610, Case 185, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CNRS UMR 7610, Case 185, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CNRS UMR 7610, Case 185, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Maud Save
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CNRS UMR 7610, Case 185, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Bernadette Charleux
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CNRS UMR 7610, Case 185, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France.
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32
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O'Reilly RK, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Cross-linked block copolymer micelles: functional nanostructures of great potential and versatility. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:1068-83. [PMID: 17057836 DOI: 10.1039/b514858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 686] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular self assembly techniques have provided a versatile means by which to selectively assemble polymer molecules into well-defined three dimensional core-shell nanostructures. The covalent stabilisation and tailoring of these dynamic nanostructures can be achieved using a range of chemistries within the assembly to afford robust functional nanoparticles. Many examples of the stabilisation, functionalisation and decoration of these nanoparticles have been reported in the literature and this tutorial review will focus on these recent developments and highlight their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW.
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33
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O'Reilly RK, Joralemon MJ, Hawker CJ, Wooley KL. Facile syntheses of surface-functionalized micelles and shell cross-linked nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Chen Y, Tavakley AE, Mathiason TM, Taton TA. Photocrosslinked poly(vinylbenzophenone)-core micelles via mild Friedel–Crafts benzoylation of polystyrene amphiphiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers using a Fluorescently LabeledN-Alkoxyamine Initiator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Turner JL, Chen Z, Wooley KL. Regiochemical functionalization of a nanoscale cage-like structure: robust core-shell nanostructures crafted as vessels for selective uptake and release of small and large guests. J Control Release 2005; 109:189-202. [PMID: 16278031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As synthetic methods evolve toward the preparation of increasingly complex nanostructured materials inspired from biological nano-objects, the ability to tailor the three-dimensional architecture and the placement of functional groups at well-defined positions within those frameworks is advancing. In this report, we demonstrate the ability to functionalize selectively internal and external sites (regiochemically) within polymer nanocages, to advance their development as synthetic analogs of viral capsids. Nanocages, possessing carbonyl groups on their internal surfaces and acrylic acid residues throughout their structure were prepared and functionalized, through either Schiff-base chemistry, to attach covalently phosphatidylethanolamine-based lipids within the nanocage, or carbodiimide-mediated coupling, to attach covalently the lipids throughout the shell. The resulting nanostructures were altered by the insertion of molecules within and on the structure, including, for the Schiff base functionalized nanostructure, an enhanced response to pH and increased uptake of hydrophobic guests. Additionally, the use of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids labeled with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) allowed for determination of the environmental polarities of the lipid domains within the lipid-nanocage constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Turner
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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37
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Perkin KK, Turner JL, Wooley KL, Mann S. Fabrication of hybrid nanocapsules by calcium phosphate mineralization of shell cross-linked polymer micelles and nanocages. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1457-61. [PMID: 16178257 DOI: 10.1021/nl050817w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled shell cross-linked poly(acrylic acid-b-isoprene) (PAA78-b-PI97) micelles or cross-linked PAA nanocages in aqueous solution were used as templates for the preparation of novel polymer-inorganic nanocapsules. The hybrid nanostructures were typically 50-70 nm in diameter and consisted of spherical polymer nanoparticles or nanocages enclosed within a continuous 10-20 nm thick surface layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. Nucleation of calcium phosphate specifically in association with the polymer nanoparticles was facilitated by low supersaturation levels and by sequestration of Ca2+ ions within the carboxylate-rich PAA domains prior to addition of HPO4(2-). Modifications in ionic concentrations were used to control the calcium phosphate surface layer thickness and prepare mineralized cross-linked PAA-b-PI micelles with variable shell permeability. The permeability of beta-carotene into the hydrophobic PI core of mineralized shell cross-linked PAA-b-PI micelles was reduced by approximately 50 or 100% respectively for hybrid nanostructures enclosed within 10 or 20 nm thick calcium phosphate layers. Our results suggest that calcium phosphate-polymer cross-linked nanocapsules could have potential applications as pH-responsive biocompatible hybrid nanostructures for use in applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris K Perkin
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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38
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Hui T, Chen D, Jiang M. A One-Step Approach to the Highly Efficient Preparation of Core-Stabilized Polymeric Micelles with a Mixed Shell Formed by Two Incompatible Polymers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Hui
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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39
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Harrisson S, Wooley KL. Shell-crosslinked nanostructures from amphiphilic AB and ABA block copolymers of styrene-alt-(maleic anhydride) and styrene: polymerization, assembly and stabilization in one pot. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3259-61. [PMID: 15983640 DOI: 10.1039/b504313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shell-crosslinked nanostructures having unusual rosette morphologies have been produced by a simple process from styrene and maleic anhydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Harrisson
- Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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40
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Carrillo A, Yanjarappa MJ, Gujraty KV, Kane RS. Biofunctionalized block copolymer nanoparticles based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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