1
|
Zhang H, Han Y, Guan Q, You Z, Zhu M. Fast-Curing of Liquid Crystal Thermosets Enabled by End-Groups Regulation and In Situ Monitoring by Triboelectric Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403908. [PMID: 38828745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance polymer is crucial for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) used in extreme conditions. Liquid crystal polyarylate thermosets (LCTs) demonstrate great potential as triboelectric material by virtue of exceptional comprehensive properties. However, there are only a few specific end-groups like phenylethynyl matching the LCT polycondensation temperature (above 300 °C). Moreover, the excellent properties of LCTs rely on the crosslinked network formed with long curing time at high temperature, restricting their further application in triboelectric material. Herein, a fast-curing LCT is designed by terminating with 4-maleimidophenol possessing appropriate reactivity. The resultant LCT (MA-LC-MA) exhibits much lower polycondensation temperature (250-270 °C) and curing temperature of 300 °C within only 1 min compared to typical LCTs (cured at 370 °C for 1 h). Furthermore, the cured MA-LC-MA retains a high glass transition temperature of 135 °C, storage modulus of 6 MPa even at 350 °C, and great electrical output performance. Additionally, triboelectric measurement related to the dielectric properties that vary with crosslinked network is innovatively utilized as an analysis technique of curing progress. This work provides a new strategy to design high-performance TENGs and promotes the development of next generation thermosets in extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yufei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janusas T, Urbaite S, Palevicius A, Nasiri S, Janusas G. Biologically Compatible Lead-Free Piezoelectric Composite for Acoustophoresis Based Particle Manipulation Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E483. [PMID: 33445501 PMCID: PMC7826690 DOI: 10.3390/s21020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This research paper is concentrated on the design of biologically compatible lead-free piezoelectric composites which may eventually replace traditional lead zirconium titanate (PZT) in micromechanical fluidics, the predominantly used ferroelectric material today. Thus, a lead-free barium-calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) composite was synthesized, its crystalline structure and size, surface morphology, chemical, and piezoelectric properties were analyzed, together with the investigations done in variation of composite thin film thickness and its effect on the element properties. Four elements with different thicknesses of BCZT layers were fabricated and investigated in order to design a functional acoustophoresis micromechanical fluidic element, based on bulk acoustic generation for particle control technologies. Main methods used in this research were as follows: FTIR and XRD for evaluation of chemical and phase composition; SEM-for surface morphology; wettability measurements were used for surface free energy evaluation; a laser triangular sensing system-for evaluation of piezoelectric properties. XRD results allowed calculating the average crystallite size, which was 65.68 Å3 confirming the formation of BCZT nanoparticles. SEM micrographs results showed that BCZT thin films have some porosities on the surface with grain size ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 µm. Measurements of wettability showed that thin film surfaces are partially wetting and hydrophilic, with high degree of wettability and strong solid/liquid interactions for liquids. The critical surface tension was calculated in the range from 20.05 to 27.20 mN/m. Finally, investigations of piezoelectric properties showed significant results of lead-free piezoelectric composite, i.e., under 5 N force impulse thin films generated from 76 mV up to 782 mV voltages. Moreover, an experimental analysis showed that a designed lead-free BCZT element creates bulk acoustic waves and allows manipulating bio particles in this fluidic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giedrius Janusas
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 56, LT–51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.J.); (S.U.); (A.P.); (S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kimura H, Ohtsuka K, Yonekawa M. Epoxy resins with high heat resistance and flame retardancy via a new process. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kimura
- Organic Materials Research Division, Morinomiya Center Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Osaka Japan
| | - Keiko Ohtsuka
- Organic Materials Research Division, Morinomiya Center Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Osaka Japan
| | - Morio Yonekawa
- Organic Materials Research Division, Morinomiya Center Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deberdeev TR, Akhmetshina AI, Karimova LK, Ignat’eva EK, Deberdeev RY, Berlin AA. Heat-Resistant Polymer Materials Based on Liquid Crystal Compounds. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238220020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Tang Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Reprocessable Triple-Shape-Memory Liquid Crystalline Polyester Amide with Ultrahigh Thermal Resistance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Tang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai Y, Bi X, Dingemans TJ, Guan Q. High-performance all-aromatic liquid crystalline esteramide-based thermosets. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318778897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a new family of nematic all-aromatic polyesteramide thermosets based on 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA), terephthalic acid (TA), and 4-acetamidophenol (AAP). In order to incorporate a high concentration of the amide-based monomer (AAP), the melt transition ( T K-N) and melt viscosity had to be lowered in order to maintain melt processable intermediates. Precursor thermoplastic reactive oligomers, end-capped with phenylethynyl functionalities, were prepared using standard melt condensation techniques with a target M n of 1000–9000 g mol−1. The reactive oligomers with 20–30 mol% AAP could easily be processed into films, and the films exhibit good tensile properties in terms of tensile strength (70–80 MPa) and elongation at break (7–10%). A glass transition of 191°C could be obtained when a 1000 g mol−1 oligomer (HNA/TA/AAP(20)–1 K) was thermally cross-linked. When the AAP concentration reaches 35 mol%, the rigidity of the backbone and the hydrogen bonding interactions are enhanced, which make HNA/TA/AAP(35) polymers difficult to process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Dai
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Current address: Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang T, Guan Q, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Facilely Synthesizing Ethynyl Terminated All-Aromatic Liquid Crystalline Poly(esterimide)s with Good Processability and Thermal Resistance under Medium-Low Temperature via Direct Esterification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Bijleveld J, Dingemans TJ. Synthesis and properties of semi-crystalline poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) thermosets from reactive side-group copolyamides. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Yuan L, Ji M, Yang S. Molecular weight controlled poly(amic acid) resins end-capped with phenylethynyl groups for manufacturing advanced polyimide films. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yuan
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mian Ji
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan Q, Norder B, Dingemans TJ. Flexible all-aromatic polyesterimide films with high glass transition temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Guan
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| | - Ben Norder
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li M, Dingemans TJ. Synthesis and characterization of semi-crystalline poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) thermosets. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Guan Q, Norder B, Chu L, Besseling NAM, Picken SJ, Dingemans TJ. All-Aromatic (AB)n-Multiblock Copolymers via Simple One-Step Melt Condensation Chemistry. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Guan
- Faculty
of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Norder
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Liangyong Chu
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A. M. Besseling
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Picken
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan
136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty
of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan P, Liu Y, Zeng K, Yang G. Synthesis and characterization of a new imide compound containing phthalonitrile and phenylethynyl end-groups. Des Monomers Polym 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1012623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yancui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iqbal M, Picken SJ, Dingemans TJ. Synthesis and properties of aligned all-aromatic liquid crystal networks. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313516986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series all-aromatic main-chain liquid crystalline (LC) polymers based on 6-hydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (HNA), biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (BA), resorcinol (RS), and a cross-linkable ethynyl functionality, 4,4′-(1,2-ethynediyl)bisbenzoic acid (EBA) were synthesized using a one-pot melt condensation method. In contrast with reactive LC oligomers where reactive functionalities were placed at the chain terminus, the reactive ethynyl group is now used as a cross-linking functionality placed in the polymer main-chain. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis reveals that these polymers can be cured at temperatures above 350°C in the nematic melt and exhibit excellent thermal properties, that is, temperature at 5% weight loss > 465°C, and reaches a maximum after cure glass transition temperature ( Tg) of 167°C. When only 5 mol% of BA was replaced with EBA, a slightly cross-linked nematic network, HNA/BA/RS/EBA-5, was obtained and thin films thereof could be stretched by 400% strain above Tg in four consecutive steps. A maximum order parameter [Formula: see text] of 0.54 could be achieved, and this moderately aligned LC network displays a room temperature storage modulus ( E′) of 29 GPa, a tensile strength of 330 MPa, a tensile modulus of 7 GPa, and an elongation at break of 7%. Cross-linking also improved the transverse properties of the nematic films. E′ of HNA/BA/RS/EBA-5 is 1.0 GPa at 150°C after being stretched by 400% versus 0.16 GPa for the non-cross-linked reference polymer. An affine deformation model was used to calculate E′ using [Formula: see text], and the predicted values are in close agreement with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Iqbal
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J. Picken
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iqbal M, Dingemans TJ. High Tg nematic thermosets: Synthesis, characterization and thermo-mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Iqbal M, Dingemans TJ. Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Branched All-aromatic Liquid Crystal Thermosets. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008310376677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the melt processability of all-aromatic reactive liquid crystal oligomers and to allow solution processing, a series of branched liquid crystalline oligomers end-capped with reactive phenylethynyl end-groups were explored. 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (HIA) was used as a trifunctional, A2B-type monomer, and the concentration of HIA in the polymer backbone was varied from 2.5 to 50 mol.%. The incorporation of a small concentration of HIA, i.e. 2.5 mol.%, has the tendency to reduce the crystal-to-nematic (K—N) transition, whereas an HIA concentration of 50 mol.% resulted in an isotropic polymer. A fully cured liquid crystal thermoset based on terephthalic acid (TA), hydroquinone (HQ), isophthalic acid (IA) and 10 mol.% HIA, labeled TA/HQ/IA/HIA(10)-5K p, showed a high glass-transition temperature ( Tg) of 300 °C, which is an increase of ∼80 °C over its linear counterpart. The thermal stability of all cured polymers was excellent both in air and nitrogen atmosphere ( Td(5%) > 450 °C). Room temperature storage moduli varied from 2.3—5.1 GPa and most thermosets display moduli of 1 GPa or higher at 200 °C. The branched oligomers showed stable nematic mesophases, and after a 1 h cure at 370 °C a nematic thermoset was obtained exhibiting a fixed nematic texture. Although branching had a positive effect on lowering the Tm (K—N) and increasing the after cure Tg, the reactive oligomers remained insoluble. In addition, branching has a negative effect on the stress—strain behavior. Room temperature tensile strengths are in order of 38 MPa and the films fail at 3% elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Iqbal
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knijnenberg A, Bos J, Dingemans TJ. The synthesis and characterisation of reactive poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s: A route towards compression stable aramid fibres. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Iqbal M, Norder B, Mendes E, Dingemans TJ. All-aromatic liquid crystalline thermosets with high glass transition temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
van den Ende DA, de Almeida P, van der Zwaag S. Piezoelectric and mechanical properties of novel composites of PZT and a liquid crystalline thermosetting resin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2007; 42:6417-6425. [PMID: 30872862 PMCID: PMC6390885 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-1257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic-polymer composites has been developed and characterized. The matrix polymer is a liquid crystalline thermosetting resin (LCR) based on a HBA-HNA backbone and phenylethynyl end-groups. The composites show excellent high temperature processability. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of PZT volume fraction and processing conditions. Piezoelectric behaviour was compared to Yamada et al. model for 0-3 composites. For a moderate PZT volume fraction a high value for the piezoelectric stress constant of g 33 = 48 mV m/N was measured, which, in combination with a good chemical and thermal resistance of the polymer matrix, makes the material a good candidate for sensor applications at elevated temperatures. The liquid crystalline thermosetting character of the polymer imparts interesting high temperature post-formability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. van den Ende
- Fundamentals of Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P. de Almeida
- Fundamentals of Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Fundamentals of Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dingemans T, Knijnenberg A, Iqbal M, Weiser E, Stclair T. All‐aromatic liquid crystal thermosets: New high‐performance materials for structural applications. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/14645180701470371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|