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Hazra A, Samanta SK. Main-Chain Cationic Polyelectrolytes: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2417-2438. [PMID: 38253020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes have attracted a lot of attention spanning across disciplines, including polymer chemistry, materials chemistry, chemical biology, chemical engineering, as well as device physics, as a result of their widespread applications in sensing, biomedicine, food industry, wastewater treatment, optoelectronic devices, and renewable energy. In this review, we focus on the crucial synthetic strategies of structurally different classes of main-chain cationic polyelectrolytes. As a result of the presence of charged moieties in the main polymeric backbone, their solubility and photophysical properties can be easily tuned. Main-chain cationic polyelectrolytes provide various unique characteristics, including solubility in aqueous and organic solvents, easy processability, ease of film formation, ionic interaction, main-chain-directed charge transport, high conductivity, and aggregation. These properties make the main-chain polyelectrolyte a potential candidate for numerous applications ranging from chemo- and biosensing, antibacterial activity, optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, water splitting, ion conduction, to dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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2
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Zhang Z, Marioni N, Sachar HS, Ganesan V. Polymer Architecture-Induced Trade-off between Conductivities and Transference Numbers in Salt-Doped Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1351-1357. [PMID: 37728528 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that polymeric ionic liquids that share the same cation and anion but possess different architectures can exhibit markedly different conductivity and transference number characteristics when doped with lithium salt. In this study, we used atomistic molecular simulations on polymer chemistries inspired by the experiments to probe the mechanistic origins underlying the competition between conductivity and transference numbers. Our results indicate that the architecture of the polycationic ionic liquid plays a subtle but crucial role in modulating the anion-cation interactions, especially their dynamical coordination characteristics. Chemistries leading to longer-lived anion-cation coordinations relative to lithium-anion coordinations lead to lower conductivities and higher transference numbers. Our results suggest that higher conductivities are accompanied by lower transference numbers and vice versa, revealing that alternative approaches may need to be considered to break this trade-off in salt-doped polyILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Lee JS, Taghavimehr M, Montazami R, Green MD. Synthesis and characterization of poly(tetramethylene oxide)-based segmented ionenes block copolymer with aliphatic or DABCO hard segments. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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4
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Zeng Y, Quan Q, Wen P, Zhang Z, Chen M. Organocatalyzed Controlled Radical Copolymerization toward Hybrid Functional Fluoropolymers Driven by Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202215628. [PMID: 36329621 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photo-controlled polymerizations are attractive to tailor macromolecules of complex compositions with spatiotemporal regulation. In this work, with a convenient synthesis for trifluorovinyl boronic ester (TFVB), we report a light-driven organocatalyzed copolymerization of vinyl monomers and TFVB for the first time, which enabled the controlled synthesis of a variety of hybrid fluorine/boron polymers with low dispersities and good chain-end fidelity. The good behaviors of "ON/OFF" switch, chain-extension polymerizations and post-modifications further highlight the versatility and reliability of this copolymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combination of fluorine and boron could furnish copolymer electrolytes of high lithium-ion transference number (up to 0.83), bringing new opportunities of engineering high-performance materials for energy storage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinzhi Quan
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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5
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Zhang Z, Zofchak E, Krajniak J, Ganesan V. Influence of Polarizability on the Structure, Dynamic Characteristics, and Ion-Transport Mechanisms in Polymeric Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2583-2592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett Zofchak
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent Researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Yang F, Zhao M, Smith D, Cebe P, Lucisano S, Allston T, Smith TW. Anomalous Thermal Characteristics of Poly(ionic liquids) Derived from 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020254. [PMID: 35054661 PMCID: PMC8781894 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate, its polymerization, and ion exchange to yield a trio of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium polymers is described. Irrespective of the nature of the anion, substitution at the 2-position of the imidazolium moiety substantially increases the distance between the anion and cation. The methyl substituent at the 2-position also served to expose the importance of H-bonding for the attractive potential between imidazolium moiety and anions in polymers without a methyl group at the 2-position. The thermal characteristics of poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium) salts and corresponding poly(1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium) salts were evaluated. While the mid-point glass transition temperatures, Tg-mid, for 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium polymers with CF3SO3−, (CF3SO2)2N− and PF6− counterions, were 153 °C, 88 °C and 200 °C, respectively, the Tg-mid values for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4vinylimidazolium polymers with corresponding counter-ions were tightly clustered at 98 °C, 99 °C and 84 °C, respectively. This dramatically reduced influence of the anion type on the glass transition temperature was attributed to the increased distance between the center of the anions and cations in the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium polymer set, and minimal H-bonding interactions between the respective anions and the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium moiety. It is believed that this is the first observation of substantial independence of the glass transition of an ionic polymer on the nature of its counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Versick Analytics, Jersey City, NJ 07310, USA;
| | - Meng Zhao
- BOE Technology Group, Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Darren Smith
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | | | - Thomas Allston
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Smith
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Rollo-Walker G, Malic N, Wang X, Chiefari J, Forsyth M. Development and Progression of Polymer Electrolytes for Batteries: Influence of Structure and Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4127. [PMID: 34883630 PMCID: PMC8659097 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes continue to offer the opportunity for safer, high-performing next-generation battery technology. The benefits of a polymeric electrolyte system lie in its ease of processing and flexibility, while ion transport and mechanical strength have been highlighted for improvement. This report discusses how factors, specifically the chemistry and structure of the polymers, have driven the progression of these materials from the early days of PEO. The introduction of ionic polymers has led to advances in ionic conductivity while the use of block copolymers has also increased the mechanical properties and provided more flexibility in solid polymer electrolyte development. The combination of these two, ionic block copolymer materials, are still in their early stages but offer exciting possibilities for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Rollo-Walker
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Nino Malic
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
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8
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Li S, Lorandi F, Wang H, Liu T, Whitacre JF, Matyjaszewski K. Functional polymers for lithium metal batteries. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popovic
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstr. 1 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
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10
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Durga G, Kalra P, Kumar Verma V, Wangdi K, Mishra A. Ionic liquids: From a solvent for polymeric reactions to the monomers for poly(ionic liquids). J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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12
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Jing BB, Mata P, Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effects of crosslinking density and Lewis acidic sites on conductivity and viscoelasticity of dynamic network electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Patricia Mata
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Beckman Institute of Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
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13
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Guo H, Ma L, Yan C, Ma X. A study on the preparation of polycation gel polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24995-25003. [PMID: 35481056 PMCID: PMC9036904 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycation gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is a promising electrolyte material for supercapacitors due to its high ionic conductivity and great flexibility. Herein, we report a novel flexible PGPE film, which is prepared by thermal copolymerization. The superiority of PGPE is attributed to the existence of charged groups in the polymer skeleton. Consequently, the crystallinity of the polymer is effectively reduced, and the migration of the lithium ion is evidently promoted. Moreover, the liquid retention capacity of the film is improved, which enhances its ionic conductivity as well. The reported PGPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 57.6 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and a potential window of 0–1.2 V. The symmetrical PGPE supercapacitor (AC/AC) shows 95.21% mass-specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1 with a maximum energy density of 12.8 W h kg−1 and a maximum power density of 5.475 kW kg−1. This study confirms the exciting potential of PGPE for high performance supercapacitors. The polycation gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is a promising electrolyte material for supercapacitors due to its high ionic conductivity and great flexibility.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Longli Ma
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Chaojing Yan
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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14
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Shan N, Shen C, Evans CM. Critical Role of Ion Exchange Conditions on the Properties of Network Ionic Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1718-1725. [PMID: 35653674 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionic polymers are important in a wide range of applications and can exhibit widely different properties depending on the ionic species. In the case of single ion conducting polymers, where one charge is attached to the backbone or as a side group, ion exchange is performed to control the mobile species. While the conditions are often specified, the final ion content is not always quantified, and there are no clear criteria for what concentration of salt is needed in the exchange. A series of ammonium network ionic polymers with different precise carbon spacers (C4-C7) between ionic junctions were synthesized as model systems to understand how the ion exchange conditions impact the resultant polymer properties. The initial networks with free bromide anions were exchanged with 1.5, 3, or 10 equiv of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt in solution. For networks with seven carbons between cross-links, increasing the LiTFSI concentration led to an increase in ion exchange efficiency from 83.6 to 97.6 mol %. At the highest conversion, the C7 network showed a 4 °C decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg), a 50 °C increase in degradation temperature, 12-fold lower water uptake from air, and a greater than 10-fold increase in conductivity at 90 °C. These results illustrate that properties such as Tg are less sensitive to residual ion impurities, whereas the conductivity is highly dependent on the final exchange conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisong Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chengtian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Paren BA, Thurston BA, Neary WJ, Kendrick A, Kennemur JG, Stevens MJ, Frischknecht AL, Winey KI. Percolated Ionic Aggregate Morphologies and Decoupled Ion Transport in Precise Sulfonated Polymers Synthesized by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Bryce A. Thurston
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - William J. Neary
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Aaron Kendrick
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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16
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O'Harra KE, Bara JE. Toward controlled functional sequencing and hierarchical structuring in imidazolium ionenes. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E O'Harra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Jason E Bara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
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17
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Zhang Z, Nasrabadi AT, Aryal D, Ganesan V. Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Lithium Salt-Doped Polymeric Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amir T. Nasrabadi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dipak Aryal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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18
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Banerjee P, Anas M, Jana S, Mandal TK. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive poly(ionic liquid)s. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Joshi P, Vedarajan R, Sheelam A, Ramanujam K, Malaman B, Matsumi N. An all solid-state Li ion battery composed of low molecular weight crystalline electrolyte. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8780-8789. [PMID: 35496531 PMCID: PMC9050024 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduction mechanisms in solid polymer electrolytes of Li ion batteries have always been a concern due to their theoretical limitation in conductivity value. In an attempt to increase the ionic conductivity of solid state electrolytes, used in lithium ion secondary batteries (LiBs), we studied the synthesis and conductive properties of a low molecular weight cyclic organoboron crystalline electrolyte. This electrolyte was expected to show better electrochemical properties than solid polymer electrolytes. The electrolyte was doped with LiTFSI salt via two different methods viz. (1) facile grinding of the crystalline sample with lithium salt under a nitrogen atmosphere and (2) a conventional method of solvent dissolution and evaporation under vacuum. The electrochemical properties were studied under specific composition of Li salt. The presence of crystallinity in the electrolyte can be considered as an important factor behind the high ionic conductivity of an all solid electrolyte of this type. Charge–discharge properties of the cell using the electrolyte were investigated in anodic half-cell configuration. A non-polymer crystalline organoboron electrolyte results in the formation of nano-channels for directional conduction of Li ions, owing to presence of boron, allowing Lewis acid–base interaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Joshi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan .,Surface Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan
| | - Raman Vedarajan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan .,International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Center for Fuel Cell Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras)-Research Park Chennai India
| | - Anjaiah Sheelam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras) Chennai India
| | | | - Bernard Malaman
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 - Université de Lorraine Nancy Cedex France
| | - Noriyoshi Matsumi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
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20
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Zhang Z, Wheatle BK, Krajniak J, Keith JR, Ganesan V. Ion Mobilities, Transference Numbers, and Inverse Haven Ratios of Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:84-89. [PMID: 35638661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We probe the ion mobilities, transference numbers, and inverse Haven ratio of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids as a function of their molecular weight using a combination of atomistic equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to expectations, we demonstrate that the inverse Haven ratio increases with increasing degree of polymerization (N) and then decreases at larger N. For a fixed center of mass reference frame, we demonstrate that such results arise as a consequence of the strong cation-cation correlated motions, which exceed (in magnitude) the self-diffusivity of cations. Together, our findings challenge the premise underlying the pursuit of pure polymeric ionic liquids as high transference number, single-ion conducting electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jordan R. Keith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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21
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Lindenmeyer KM, Johnson RD, Miller KM. Self-healing behaviour of furan–maleimide poly(ionic liquid) covalent adaptable networks. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of mechanical (tensile testing) and conductive (chronoamperometric cycling) properties was observed for PIL networks containing thermoreversible furan–maleimide crosslinks.
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22
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Yan C, Jin M, Pan X, Ma L, Ma X. A flexible polyelectrolyte-based gel polymer electrolyte for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitor application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9299-9308. [PMID: 35497250 PMCID: PMC9050157 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10701k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple polymerization process assisted with UV light for preparing a novel flexible polyelectrolyte-based gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is reported. Due to the existence of charged groups in the polyelectrolyte matrix, the PGPE exhibits favorable mechanical strength and excellent ionic conductivity (66.8 mS cm−1 at 25 °C). In addition, the all-solid-state supercapacitor fabricated with a PGPE membrane and activated carbon electrodes shows outstanding electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of the PGPE supercapacitor is 64.92 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and the device shows a maximum energy density of 13.26 W h kg−1 and a maximum power density of 2.26 kW kg−1. After 10 000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1, the all-solid-state supercapacitor with PGPE reveals a capacitance retention of 94.63%. Furthermore, the specific capacitance and charge–discharge behaviors of the flexible PGPE device hardly change with the bending states. A simple polymerization process assisted with UV light for preparing a novel flexible polyelectrolyte-based gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojing Yan
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xinxin Pan
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Longli Ma
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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23
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Jing BB, Evans CM. Catalyst-Free Dynamic Networks for Recyclable, Self-Healing Solid Polymer Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18932-18937. [PMID: 31743006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks with dynamic covalent cross-links act as solids but can flow at high temperatures. They have been widely explored as reprocessable and self-healing materials, but their use as solid electrolytes is limited. Here we report poly(ethylene oxide)-based networks with varying amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to understand the impact of a salt on the ion transport and network dynamics. We observed that the conductivity of our dynamic networks reached a maximum of 3.5 × 10-4 S/cm at an optimal LiTFSI concentration. Rheological measurements showed that the amount of LiTFSI significantly affects the mechanical properties, as the shear modulus varies between 1 and 10 MPa and the stress relaxation by 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we found that these networks can efficiently dissolve back to pure monomers and heal to recover their conductivity after damage, showing the potential of dynamic networks as sustainable solid electrolytes.
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24
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Cao C, Li Y, Chen S, Peng C, Li Z, Tang L, Feng Y, Feng W. Electrolyte-Solvent-Modified Alternating Copolymer as a Single-Ion Solid Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35683-35692. [PMID: 31498586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made to replace graphite anode materials with Li metal in next-generation Li ion batteries, called Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, the development of practical LMBs requires the suppression of Li dendrites. Owing to their ability to relax polarization, single-ion solid polymer electrolytes (SSPEs) are widely considered as an effective strategy for preventing dendrite generation. The novel SSPE membrane prepared in this work, which consists of a polymeric lithium salt modified with an electrolyte solvent, shows single-ion conducting behavior that results in the effective restriction of Li dendritic growth. The SSPE membrane delivers an ionic conductivity as high as 1.42 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. A LiFePO4 (LFP) coin cell assembled with the SSPE membrane shows excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability. In addition, the LFP flexible battery using the SSPE membrane exhibits good practicability and environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Shaoshan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Cong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Zeyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Lin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin 300354 , China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology , Ministry of Education , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin 300354 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300354 , China
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25
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Porfarzollah A, Bagheri M, Mohammad‐Rezaei R. Synthesis and characterization of poly (1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium‐
co
‐methyl methacrylate) gel polymer electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cells: Effect of structure and composition. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Porfarzollah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Massoumeh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Rahim Mohammad‐Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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26
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Zhao Q, Shen C, Halloran KP, Evans CM. Effect of Network Architecture and Linker Polarity on Ion Aggregation and Conductivity in Precise Polymerized Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:658-663. [PMID: 35619520 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Four polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) were systematically designed to study the effect of polymer architecture and linker polarity on ion aggregation and transport. Specifically, linear and network PILs with the same ammonium cations (Am) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) anions were prepared by step-growth polymerization, and polarity was tuned by incorporating two precise linkers, either polar tetra(ethylene oxide) (4EO) linker or nonpolar undecyl (C11) linker. The glass transition temperature (Tg) substantially increased with the nonpolar C11 linker or upon cross-linking to form a network. The low wave-vector (q) ion aggregation peak from wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was not observable in the linear 4EO PIL, while it was most pronounced in the network C11 PIL. The network C11 PIL exhibited the strongest decoupling, where the ionic conductivity at Tg is greater than 1 order of magnitude higher than the other PILs. This systematic comparison suggests that network structure and nonpolar linkers can promote both ion aggregation and ionic conductivity close to Tg.
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27
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Bara JE, O'Harra KE. Recent Advances in the Design of Ionenes: Toward Convergence with High‐Performance Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Bara
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| | - Kathryn E. O'Harra
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
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28
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Appetecchi GB. Safer electrolyte components for rechargeable batteries. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmong the electrochemical energy storage systems, rechargeable lithium batteries are considered very promising candidates for the next generation power sources because of their high gravimetric and volumetric energy density with respect to other cell chemistries. The lithium-ion battery technology is based on the use of electrode materials able to reversibly intercalate lithium cations, which are continuously transferred between two host structures (negative and positive electrodes) during the charge and discharge processes. Commercial lithium-ion batteries commonly use liquid electrolytes based on suitable lithium salts (solute) and organic compounds (solvents). The latter, volatile and flammable, represent serious concerns for the safety of the electrochemical devices, this so far preventing their large diffusion in applications as automotive, storage from renewable sources, smart grids.One of the most appealing approaches is the partial or total replacement of the organic solvents with safer, less hazardous, electrolyte components. Here, a concise survey of ones of the most investigated types of alternative electrolyte components, proposed for safer and more reliable rechargeable lithium batteries, is reported.Graphical Abstract:
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29
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Paren BA, Raghunathan R, Knudson IJ, Freyer JL, Campos LM, Winey KI. Impact of building block structure on ion transport in cyclopropenium-based polymerized ionic liquids. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cation geometry, size, and polarity all contribute to conductivity in PS-TAC PILs, with highest conductivity from the isopropyl cation geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen I. Winey
- University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Philadelphia
- USA
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30
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Liu H, Berdzinski S, Strehmel V, Dadmun M, Paddison SJ, Sangoro J. Ion Transport in Glassy Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Unraveling the Impact of the Molecular Structure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Berdzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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31
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Jana KK, Lue SJ, Huang A, Soesanto JF, Tung KL. Separator Membranes for High Energy-Density Batteries. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karun Kumar Jana
- National Taiwan University; Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shingjiang Jessie Lue
- Chang Gung University; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Green Technology Research Center; 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. 33302 Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering; Ming Chi University of Technology; 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan District 243 New Taipei City Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; 5 Fuxing Street, Guishan District 333 Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Allen Huang
- National Taiwan University; Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jansen Fajar Soesanto
- National Taiwan University; Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Tung
- National Taiwan University; Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. 10617 Taipei Taiwan
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32
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Rafiee Z, Mohagheghnezhad M. Synthesis and properties of organosoluble and thermal stable polyimides from 3,5-diamino-N-(4-(5-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)furan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Wu Y, Regan M, Zhang W, Yuan J. Reprocessable porous poly(ionic liquid) membranes derived from main-chain polyimidazolium. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Ge C, Ling Y, Yan S, Luan S, Zhang H, Tang H. Preparation and mechanical properties of strong and tough poly (vinyl alcohol)-polypeptide double-network hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Iacob C, Matsumoto A, Brennan M, Liu H, Paddison SJ, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Sangoro J, Runt J. Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Correlation of Ionic Conductivity with Nanoscale Morphology and Counterion Volume. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:941-946. [PMID: 35650895 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the chemical structure on ion transport, nanoscale morphology, and dynamics in polymerized imidazolium-based ionic liquids is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, complemented with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Anion volume is found to correlate strongly with Tg-independent ionic conductivities spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a systematic increase in alkyl side chain length results in about one decade decrease in Tg-independent ionic conductivity correlating with an increase in the characteristic backbone-to-backbone distances found from scattering and simulations. The quantitative comparison between ion sizes, morphology, and ionic conductivity underscores the need for polymerized ionic liquids with small counterions and short alkyl side chain length in order to obtain polymer electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Iacob
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Marissa Brennan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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36
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Ionic liquid/boric ester binary electrolytes with unusually high lithium transference number. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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37
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Rohan R, Kuo TC, Chen MW, Lee JT. Nanofiber Single-Ion Conducting Electrolytes: An Approach for High-Performance Lithium Batteries at Ambient Temperature. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Rohan
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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38
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39
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Liu H, Paddison SJ. Alkyl Chain Length Dependence of Backbone-to-Backbone Distance in Polymerized Ionic Liquids: An Atomistic Simulation Perspective on Scattering. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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40
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Taaber T, Antsov M, Vlassov S, Mäeorg U, Dorogin L, Järvekülg M, Saal K, Lõhmus R. Formation and characterization of microcantilevers produced from ionic liquid by electron beam irradiation. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Shao Z, Jannasch P. Single lithium-ion conducting poly(tetrafluorostyrene sulfonate) – polyether block copolymer electrolytes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01910b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-designed BAB triblock copolymers with central polyether and flanking poly(lithium pentafluorostyrene sulfonate) blocks reach very high conductivities in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecheng Shao
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund
- Sweden
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund
- Sweden
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42
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Sangoro J. Probing Nanoscale Ion Dynamics in Ultrathin Films of Polymerized Ionic Liquids by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1065-1069. [PMID: 35614646 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous progress in energy storage and conversion technologies necessitates novel experimental approaches that can provide fundamental insights regarding the impact of reduced dimensions on the functional properties of materials. Here, we demonstrate a nondestructive experimental approach to probe nanoscale ion dynamics in ultrathin films of polymerized 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a broad frequency range spanning over 6 orders of magnitude by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The approach involves using an electrode configuration with lithographically patterned silica nanostructures, which allow for an air gap between the confined ion conductor and one of the electrodes. We observe that the characteristic rate of ion dynamics significantly slows down with decreasing film thicknesses above the calorimetric glass transition of the bulk polymer. However, the mean rates remain bulk-like at lower temperatures. These results highlight the increasing influence of the polymer/substrate interactions with decreasing film thickness on ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heres
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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43
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A zwitterionic gel electrolyte for efficient solid-state supercapacitors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11782. [PMID: 27225484 PMCID: PMC4894970 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state supercapacitors. An ideal gel electrolyte usually requires a combination of advantages of high ion migration rate, reasonable mechanical strength and robust water retention ability at the solid state for ensuring excellent work durability. Here we report a zwitterionic gel electrolyte that successfully brings the synergic advantages of robust water retention ability and ion migration channels, manifesting in superior electrochemical performance. When applying the zwitterionic gel electrolyte, our graphene-based solid-state supercapacitor reaches a volume capacitance of 300.8 F cm(-3) at 0.8 A cm(-3) with a rate capacity of only 14.9% capacitance loss as the current density increases from 0.8 to 20 A cm(-3), representing the best value among the previously reported graphene-based solid-state supercapacitors, to the best of our knowledge. We anticipate that zwitterionic gel electrolyte may be developed as a gel electrolyte in solid-state supercapacitors.
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44
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Liu H, Paddison SJ. Direct Comparison of Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations and X-ray Scattering of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:537-543. [PMID: 35607231 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of solid-state electrolytes for electrochemical applications that utilize polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) would greatly benefit from a molecular-level understanding of structure-function relationships. We herein use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural properties of a homologous series of poly(n-alkyl-vinylimidzolium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide) poly(nVim Tf2N) and present the first direct comparison of the structure factors obtained from X-ray scattering and simulations. Excellent agreement is found in terms of peak position and shape. The backbone-to-backbone correlation length increases at a rate of 1 Å/CH2. The longer alkyl chains lead to the longer backbone-to-backbone separation and the larger nonpolar nanodomains. This quantitative comparison of atomistic simulations to X-ray scattering will lead to a fundamental understanding in structure and morphology of polyILs and pave a path forward toward the rational design of future polyILs for electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Liu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Lindner
- Advanced Materials and Systems
Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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46
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Li Y, Wong KW, Ng KM. Ionic liquid decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a new high-performance hybrid electrolyte for lithium batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4369-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel hybrid electrolyte based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with an ionic liquid, which exhibits a superior lithium ion transference number of >0.8, and an excellent electrochemical window of >5 V with attractive ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Ka-Wai Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Ka-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
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47
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Osada I, de Vries H, Scrosati B, Passerini S. Polymerelektrolyte auf Basis ionischer Flüssigkeiten für Batterieanwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Ionic-Liquid-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Battery Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:500-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kalhoff J, Eshetu GG, Bresser D, Passerini S. Safer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:2154-75. [PMID: 26075350 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly important for electrifying the modern transportation system and, thus, hold the promise to enable sustainable mobility in the future. However, their large-scale application is hindered by severe safety concerns when the cells are exposed to mechanical, thermal, or electrical abuse conditions. These safety issues are intrinsically related to their superior energy density, combined with the (present) utilization of highly volatile and flammable organic-solvent-based electrolytes. Herein, state-of-the-art electrolyte systems and potential alternatives are briefly surveyed, with a particular focus on their (inherent) safety characteristics. The challenges, which so far prevent the widespread replacement of organic carbonate-based electrolytes with LiPF6 as the conducting salt, are also reviewed herein. Starting from rather "facile" electrolyte modifications by (partially) replacing the organic solvent or lithium salt and/or the addition of functional electrolyte additives, conceptually new electrolyte systems, including ionic liquids, solvent-free, and/or gelled polymer-based electrolytes, as well as solid-state electrolytes, are also considered. Indeed, the opportunities for designing new electrolytes appear to be almost infinite, which certainly complicates strict classification of such systems and a fundamental understanding of their properties. Nevertheless, these innumerable opportunities also provide a great chance of developing highly functionalized, new electrolyte systems, which may overcome the afore-mentioned safety concerns, while also offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, and electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kalhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30 & 46, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemistry I, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)
| | - Dominic Bresser
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemistry I, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany).
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany).
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie/Structure et Propriétés d'Architectures Moléculaires/Polymères Conducteurs Ionique (INAC/SPRAM/PCI), CEA-Grenoble, UMR-5819, CEA-CNRS-UJF, 17 Rue de Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, Cedex 9 (France).
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemistry I, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany).
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany).
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Kumar R, Bocharova V, Strelcov E, Tselev A, Kravchenko II, Berdzinski S, Strehmel V, Ovchinnikova OS, Minutolo JA, Sangoro JR, Agapov AL, Sokolov AP, Kalinin SV, Sumpter BG. Ion transport and softening in a polymerized ionic liquid. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:947-955. [PMID: 25463322 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) are promising materials for various solid state electronic applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells, lithium batteries, actuators, field-effect transistors, light emitting electrochemical cells, and electrochromic devices. However, fundamental understanding of interconnection between ionic transport and mechanical properties in PolyILs is far from complete. In this work, local charge transport and structural changes in films of a PolyIL are studied using an integrated experiment-theory based approach. Experimental data for the kinetics of charging and steady state current-voltage relations can be explained by taking into account the dissociation of ions under an applied electric field (known as the Wien effect). Onsager's theory of the Wien effect coupled with the Poisson-Nernst-Planck formalism for the charge transport is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The agreement between the theory and experiments allows us to predict structural properties of the PolyIL films. We have observed significant softening of the PolyIL films beyond certain threshold voltages and formation of holes under a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip, through which an electric field was applied. The observed softening is explained by the theory of depression in glass transition temperature resulting from enhanced dissociation of ions with an increase in applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN-37831, USA.
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