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De Stefano F, Villaccio R, D'Anania O, Talarico G, De Rosa C, Scoti M. Combining Cyclic Units and Unsaturated Pendant Groups by Propene/1,5-Hexadiene Copolymerization Toward Functional Isotactic Polypropylene. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:407-414. [PMID: 38526911 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The precise use of a widely available and inexpensive metallocene catalyst enabled the synthesis of isotactic polypropylene copolymers characterized by the copresence of randomly distributed cyclic units in the backbone and unsaturated pendant units employing 1,5-hexadiene as comonomer. Optimization of the polymerization conditions avoided the cross-linking phenomena that negatively affects the material processing and final properties, resulting in good yields of samples featuring high molecular masses and a precisely controlled microstructure. Such polypropylene-based copolymers exhibit a broad spectrum of properties ranging from thermoplastic to surprising elastomeric behavior, with the additional value of being functionalizable by post-polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Villaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Olga D'Anania
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Scoti M, De Stefano F, Di Girolamo R, Malafronte A, Talarico G, De Rosa C. Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Propylene/4-Methyl-1-pentene Copolymers from a Metallocene Catalyst. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Propene-Octene Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194032. [PMID: 36235980 PMCID: PMC9572639 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization behavior of random propene-octene isotactic copolymers (iPPC8) prepared with a homogeneous metallocene catalyst has been studied. Samples of iPPC8 with low octene content up to about 7 mol% were isothermally crystallized from the melt at various crystallization temperatures. The samples crystallize in mixtures of the α and γ forms of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The relative amount of γ form increases with increasing crystallization temperature, and a maximum amount of γ form (fγ(max)) is achieved for each sample. The crystallization behavior of iPPC8 copolymers is compared with the crystallization from the melt of propene–ethylene, propene–butene, propene–pentene, and propene–hexene copolymers. The results show that the behavior of iPPC8 copolymers is completely different from those described in the literature for the other copolymers of iPP. In fact, the maximum amount of γ form achieved in samples of different copolymers of iPP generally increases with increasing comonomer content, while in iPPC8 copolymers the maximum amount of γ form decreases with increasing octene content. The different behaviors are discussed based on the inclusion of co-monomeric units in the crystals of α and γ forms of iPP or their exclusion from the crystals. In iPPC8 copolymers, octene units are excluded from the crystals giving only the interruption effect that shortens the length of regular propene sequences, inducing crystallization of the γ form at low octene concentrations, lower than 2 mol%. At higher octene concentration, the crystallization of the kinetically favored α form prevails.
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Shams A, Mehdizadeh M, Teimoury H, Emami M, Mirmohammadi SA, Sadjadi S, Bardají E, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Effect of the pore architecture of Ziegler-Natta catalyst on its behavior in propylene/1-hexene copolymerization. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Scoti M, De Stefano F, Di Girolamo R, Talarico G, Malafronte A, De Rosa C. Crystallization of Propene–Pentene Isotactic Copolymers as an Indicator of the General View of the Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Qian C, Zhao Y, Wang D. Structural evolution of mesomorphic propylene–1‐butene random copolymer during heating process. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengao Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Paulik C, Tranninger C, Wang J, Shutov P, Mileva D, Gahleitner M. Catalyst Type Effects on Structure/Property Relations of Polypropylene Random Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Paulik
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 Linz 4040 Austria
| | - Cornelia Tranninger
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Pavel Shutov
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Daniela Mileva
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters St. Peterstr. 25 Linz 40921 Austria
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Otero Navas I, Kamkar M, Arjmand M, Sundararaj U. Morphology Evolution, Molecular Simulation, Electrical Properties, and Rheology of Carbon Nanotube/Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blend Nanocomposites: Effect of Molecular Interaction between Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer and Carbon Nanotube. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020230. [PMID: 33440844 PMCID: PMC7827940 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work studied the impact of three types of styrene-butadiene (SB and SBS) block copolymers on the morphology, electrical, and rheological properties of immiscible blends of polypropylene:polystyrene (PP:PS)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a fixed blend ratio of 70:30 vol.%. The addition of block copolymers to PP:PS/MWCNT blend nanocomposites produced a decrease in the droplet size. MWCNTs, known to induce co-continuity in PP:PS blends, did not interfere with the copolymer migration to the interface and, thus, there was morphology refinement upon addition of the copolymers. Interestingly, the addition of the block copolymers decreased the electrical resistivity of the PP:PS/1.0 vol.% MWCNT system by 5 orders of magnitude (i.e., increase in electrical conductivity). This improvement was attributed to PS Droplets-PP-Copolymer-Micelle assemblies, which accumulated MWCNTs, and formed an integrated network for electrical conduction. Molecular simulation and solubility parameters were used to predict the MWCNT localization in the immiscible blend. The simulation results showed that diblock copolymers favorably interact with the nanotubes in comparison to the triblock copolymer, PP, and PS. However, the interaction between the copolymers and PP or PS is stronger than the interaction of the copolymers and MWCNTs. Hence, the addition of copolymer also changed the localization of MWCNT from PS to PS–PP–Micelles–Interface, as observed by TEM images. In addition, in the last step of this work, we investigated the effect of the addition of copolymers on inter- and intra-cycle viscoelastic behavior of the MWCNT incorporated polymer blends. It was found that addition of the copolymers not only affects the linear viscoelasticity (e.g., increase in the value of the storage modulus) but also dramatically impacts the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior under large deformations (e.g., higher distortion of Lissajous–Bowditch plots).]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Otero Navas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (I.O.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (I.O.N.); (M.K.)
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (I.O.N.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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De Rosa C, Scoti M, Ruiz de Ballesteros O, Di Girolamo R, Auriemma F, Malafronte A. Propylene–Butene Copolymers: Tailoring Mechanical Properties from Isotactic Polypropylene to Polybutene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Odda Ruiz de Ballesteros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S.Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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De Rosa C, Scoti M, Di Girolamo R, Ballesteros OR, Auriemma F, Malafronte A. Polymorphism in polymers: A tool to tailor material's properties. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Miriam Scoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Odda Ruiz Ballesteros
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Anna Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
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Study on Phase Transformation Behavior of Strain-induced PLLA Mesophase by Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Mileva D, Gahleitner M, Gloger D, Tranchida D. Crystal structure: a way to control properties in cast films of polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Auriemma F, De Rosa C, Di Girolamo R, Malafronte A, Scoti M, Cipullo R. Yield behavior of random copolymers of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li X, Ding J, Liu Y, Tian X. A new model for mesomorphic-monoclinic phase transition of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Roozemond PC, van Erp TB, Peters GW. Flow-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: Modeling formation of multiple crystal phases and morphologies. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janani H, Alamo RG. Enhanced rate of formation of trigonal phase in blends of homogeneous isotactic propylene-1-hexene copolymers. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Structure formation of random isotactic copolymers of propylene and 1-hexene or 1-octene at rapid cooling. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ruiz-Orta C, Alamo RG. Morphological and kinetic partitioning of comonomer in random propylene 1-butene copolymers. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Correlation between mechanical properties and orientation of the crystalline and mesomorphic phases in isotactic polypropylene fibers. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Random copolymers of propylene with 1,5-hexadiene containing only cyclopentane units in main chain and tailoring structure and mechanical properties of the copolymers. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ruiz-Orta C, Fernandez-Blazquez J, Pereira E, Alamo R. Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopic study of the evolution of helical structure during isothermal crystallization of propylene 1-hexene copolymers. Identification of regularity bands associated with the trigonal polymorph. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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