1
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Ilyina SO, Vlasova AV, Gorbunova IY, Lukashov NI, Kerber ML, Ilyin SO. Epoxy Phase-Change Materials Based on Paraffin Wax Stabilized by Asphaltenes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3243. [PMID: 37571137 PMCID: PMC10422234 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The usual problem of meltable phase-change agents is the instability in their form upon heating, which can be solved by placing them into a continuous polymer matrix. Epoxy resin is a suitable medium for dispersing molten agents, but it is necessary to make the obtained droplets stable during the curing of the formed phase-change material. This work shows that molten paraffin wax forms a Pickering emulsion in an epoxy medium and in the presence of asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oil. Theoretical calculations revealed the complex equilibrium in the epoxy/wax/asphaltene triple system due to their low mutual solubility. Rheological studies showed the viscoplastic behavior of the obtained dispersions at 25 °C, which disappears upon the heating and melting of the paraffin phase. Wax and asphaltenes increased the viscosity of the epoxy medium during its curing but did not inhibit cross-linking or reduce the glass transition temperature of the cured polymer. As a result of curing, it is possible to obtain phase-change materials containing up to 45% paraffin wax that forms a dispersed phase with a size of 0.2-6.5 μm. The small size of dispersed wax can decrease its degree of crystallinity to 13-29% of its original value, reducing the efficiency of the phase-change material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O. Ilyina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Vlasova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y. Gorbunova
- Department of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai I. Lukashov
- Department of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael L. Kerber
- Department of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey O. Ilyin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Zhang YH, Yu XB, Ding YQ, Chen XJ, Yuan ZX, Yang X. Elucidation of segmental relaxations of silica‐filled
cis
‐polybutadiene rubber composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong Zhang
- Section of Fundamental Research EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao City China
| | - Xiao Bo Yu
- Section of Fundamental Research EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao City China
| | - Yuan Qiang Ding
- Section of Fundamental Research EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao City China
| | | | - Zhen Xing Yuan
- Section of Fundamental Research EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao City China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Fundamental Research EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao City China
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3
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Biuk Afshari B, Jamshidi M, Rostami M, Ghamarpoor R. Improving the Mechanical/Anticorrosive Properties of a Nitrile Rubber-Based Adhesive Filled with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Two-Step Surface Modification Method. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44912-44927. [PMID: 36530287 PMCID: PMC9753215 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To prepare a nanocomposite adhesive based on nitrile rubber (NBR) with excellent mechanical/anticorrosion properties, cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were grafted with bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide silane (TESPT) at different concentrations (i.e., 1, 5, 10, and 20 times the stoichiometric content). The surface-modified nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ζ-potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The results showed that the steaming process resulted in an increase in the grafting ratio (R g) by 2.35 times. Pure and modified cerium oxide nanoparticles were added at 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 wt % to a mixture of a phenolic resin and NBR compound to prepare adhesive samples. The prepared adhesives were evaluated for curing behavior and thermomechanical properties. The morphology of the adhesives was also characterized using SEM analysis. The bonding of adhesives to steel plates was measured by a cathodic disbonding test. The adhesive-coated steel plates were evaluated for anticorrosion performances using a salt spray test. It was found that surface-modified hydrothermally steamed CeO2 nanoparticles that had the highest silane grafting ratio enhanced the anticorrosion properties and cathodic disbonding of NBR-based adhesives. The curing rate index (CRI) and crosslinking of the NBR compound were enhanced using the modified and steamed nanoparticles. This also improved the interfacial interactions between rubber chains and nanoparticle surface, resulting in a 6 °C increase in the glass-transition temperature (T g) of NBR compared to the pristine rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Biuk Afshari
- Constructional
Polymers & Composites Research Lab. School of Chemical, Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran1311416846, Iran
| | - Masoud Jamshidi
- Constructional
Polymers & Composites Research Lab. School of Chemical, Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran1311416846, Iran
| | - Mehran Rostami
- Surface
Coatings Research Group, Institute for Color
Science and Technology, Tehran1668836471, Iran
| | - Reza Ghamarpoor
- Constructional
Polymers & Composites Research Lab. School of Chemical, Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, Iran University of
Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran1311416846, Iran
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4
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Sakib N, Koh YP, Simon SL. The absolute heat capacity of polymer grafted nanoparticles using fast scanning calorimetry*. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazam Sakib
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Yung P. Koh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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5
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Bohra BS, Pandey N, Tatrari G, Rana S, Sahoo NG. The effects of functionalized graphene oxide on the thermal and mechanical properties of liquid crystalline polymers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3981-3992. [PMID: 35552585 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a robust approach for the selective covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) for developing polymeric nanocomposites based on liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs). The functionalization of GO with HBA was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of GO and functionalized GO (FGO) was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Furthermore, the interactions between FGO and LCPs have been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, whereas dispersion of GO and FGO in the LCP matrix was analyzed by FE-SEM. The better dispersion of FGO can be attributed to the hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions between FGO and LCPs. Our results showed that even the addition of 5 wt% FGO in the LCP matrix significantly enhances the tensile strength and storage modulus of the pristine LCPs by 84% and 78% respectively. Compared to neat LCPs, FGO incorporated composites also demonstrate an improvement in the melting temperature (Tm) by 11 °C and glass transition temperature (Tg) by 12 °C. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the composite. The 5 and 50% decomposition temperature for the LCP/FGO nanocomposites (containing 5 wt% FGO) increased by 75 °C and 107 °C respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhashkar Singh Bohra
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital-263002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Neema Pandey
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital-263002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Gaurav Tatrari
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital-263002, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sravendra Rana
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital-263002, Uttarakhand, India.
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6
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Ito M, Liu H, Kumagai A, Liang X, Nakajima K, Jinnai H. Direct Visualization of Interfacial Regions between Fillers and Matrix in Rubber Composites Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Nanomechanics Assisted by Electron Tomography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:777-785. [PMID: 34955029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to explain or predict the macroscopic mechanical properties of polymer composites with complex nanostructures, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanics is one of the most appropriate tools because the local mechanical properties can be obtained by it. However, automatic force curve analysis based on contact mechanics would mislead us to the wrong conclusion. The purpose of this study is to elucidate this point by applying AFM nanomechanics on a carbon black (CB)-reinforced isoprene rubber (IR). The CB aggregates underneath the rubber surface prevent us from quantitatively evaluating the ratio of CB and interfacial polymer region (IPR), which is an important parameter to determine the macroscopic mechanical properties. In order to overcome this problem, transmission electron microtomography was incorporated to investigate the 3D structure in the same field of view as AFM nanomechanics. As a result, it was found that there are buried structures that do not appear in the AFM topographic image. In addition, we were able to reveal the existence of a force curve with an inflection point, which is characteristic of such "false" IPRs. To put it another way, we evidenced the existence of true IPRs for the first time by combining these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Haonan Liu
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Akemi Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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7
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Pang MC, Marinescu M, Wang H, Offer G. Mechanical behaviour of inorganic solid-state batteries: can we model the ionic mobility in the electrolyte with Nernst-Einstein's relation? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27159-27170. [PMID: 34852365 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic solid-state lithium-metal batteries could be the next-generation batteries owing to their non-flammability and higher specific energy density. Many research efforts have been devoted to improving the ionic conductivity of inorganic solid electrolytes. For a wide range of electrolytes including liquid and solid polymer electrolytes, an independent measurement or calculation of both electrolyte conductivity and diffusion coefficient is often time-consuming and challenging. As a result, Nernst-Einstein's relation has been used to relate the ionic conductivity to ionic diffusivity after the determination of either parameter. Although Nernst-Einstein's relation has been used for different electrolytes, we demonstrate in this perspective that this relation is not directly transferable to describe the ionic mobility for many inorganic solid electrolytes. The fundamental physics of Nernst-Einstein's relation shows that the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and electrolyte conductivity is derived for ionic mobility in a viscous or a gaseous medium. This postulation contradicts state-of-the-art experimental studies measuring the mechanical behaviour of inorganic solid electrolytes, which show that inorganic solid electrolytes are usually brittle rather than viscoelastic at ambient room temperature. The measurement of loss tangent is required to justify the use of Nernst-Einstein's relation. The outcome of such measurement has two implications. First, if the loss tangent of inorganic solid electrolytes is less than unity in the range of batteries operating temperatures, the impacts of using Nernst-Einstein's relation in modelling the ionic mobility should be quantified. Secondly, if the measured loss tangent is comparable to that of solid polymers and lithium metal, inorganic solid electrolytes may behave in a viscoelastic manner as opposed to the brittle behaviour usually suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Pang
- Electrochemical Science & Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP London, UK.
| | - Monica Marinescu
- Electrochemical Science & Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP London, UK.
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Electrochemical Science & Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP London, UK.
| | - Gregory Offer
- Electrochemical Science & Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP London, UK.
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8
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Malyshev MD, Guseva DV, Vasilevskaya VV, Komarov PV. Effect of Nanoparticles Surface Bonding and Aspect Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Highly Cross-Linked Epoxy Nanocomposites: Mesoscopic Simulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6637. [PMID: 34772168 PMCID: PMC8587117 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to study the mechanical properties of epoxy resin filled with clay nanoparticles (NPs), depending on their shapes and content on the surface of a modifying agent capable of forming covalent bonds with a polymer. The cylindrical clay nanoparticles with equal volume and different aspects ratios (disks, barrel, and stick) are addressed. The NPs' bonding ratio with the polymer (RGC) is determined by the fraction of reactive groups and conversion time and varies from RGC = 0 (non-bonded nanoparticles) to RGC = 0.65 (more than half of the surface groups are linked with the polymer matrix). The performed simulations show the so-called load-bearing chains (LBCs) of chemically cross-linked monomers and modified nanoparticles to determine the mechanical properties of the simulated composites. The introduction of nanoparticles leads to the breaking of such chains, and the chemical cross-linking of NPs with the polymer matrix restores the LBCs and strengthens the composite. At small values of RGC, the largest value of the elastic modulus is found for systems filled with nanoparticles having the smallest surface area, and at high values of RGC, on the contrary, the systems containing disk-shaped particles with the largest surface area have a larger elastic modulus than the others. All calculations are performed within the framework of a mesoscopic model based on accurate mapping of the atomistic structures of the polymer matrix and nanoparticles into coarse-grained representations, which, if necessary, allow reverse data mapping and quantitative assessment of the state of the filled epoxy resin. On the other hand, the obtained data can be used to design the functional materials with specified mechanical properties based on other practically significant polymer matrices and nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim D. Malyshev
- Departments of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
| | - Daria V. Guseva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Pavel V. Komarov
- Departments of Physical Chemistry and General Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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9
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Nardelli F, Martini F, Carignani E, Rossi E, Borsacchi S, Cettolin M, Susanna A, Arimondi M, Giannini L, Geppi M, Calucci L. Glassy and Polymer Dynamics of Elastomers by 1H-Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry: Effects of Fillers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4546-4554. [PMID: 33885314 PMCID: PMC8279540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1H spin-lattice relaxation rate (R1) dispersions were acquired by field-cycling (FC) NMR relaxometry between 0.01 and 35 MHz over a wide temperature range on polyisoprene rubber (IR), either unfilled or filled with different amounts of carbon black, silica, or a combination of both, and sulfur cured. By exploiting the frequency-temperature superposition principle and constructing master curves for the total FC NMR susceptibility, χ″(ω) = ωR1(ω), the correlation times for glassy dynamics, τs, were determined. Moreover, the contribution of polymer dynamics, χpol″(ω), to χ″(ω) was singled out by subtracting the contribution of glassy dynamics, χglass″(ω), well represented by the Cole-Davidson spectral density. Glassy dynamics resulted moderately modified by the presence of fillers, τs values determined for the filled rubbers being slightly different from those of the unfilled one. Polymer dynamics was affected by the presence of fillers in the Rouse regime. A change in the frequency dependence of χpol″(ω) at low frequencies was observed for all filled rubbers, more pronounced for those reinforced with silica, which suggests that the presence of the filler particles can affect chain conformations, resulting in a different Rouse mode distribution, and/or interchain interactions modulated by translational motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Carignani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Rossi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Borsacchi
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Giannini
- Pirelli
Tyre SpA, Viale Sarca 222, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Geppi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Calucci
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi
1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Arias-Monje PJ, Lu M, Ramachandran J, Kirmani MH, Kumar S. Processing, structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile fibers with 15 weight percent single wall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhou H. Segmental relaxations and other insights into filler‐mediated interactions for carbon black‐filled polybutadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Zhang
- Section of Fundamental Research, EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Section of Fundamental Research, EVE Rubber Institute Co., Ltd. Qingdao China
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12
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Kritikos G. Exploring a unified description of the super-Arrhenius region above and below the glass transition temperature. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6902-6913. [PMID: 32647837 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new approach is presented in order to check whether the hypothesis of an Arrhenius component surviving in the α-relaxation region is consistent with experimental data. The temperature dependence of the dynamics in the whole glassy regime is described by an equation which assumes an Arrhenius component in the cooperative diffusion. Based on thermodynamic arguments, the dynamic heterogeneities close to the glass transition region are related to structural heterogeneities in a manner consistent with the idea of a sigmoidal shape in the cohesion energy. By doing so, a characteristic temperature which can be identified as the glass transition temperature (Tg) emerges, while an additional parameter for the extension of the super-Arrhenius region is introduced. In the analysis of experimental data, the activation energy parameter, determined from the temperature dependence of the β-relaxation, is fixed, and the relation between the experimental and the predicted glass transition temperature is examined. The results of this comparison support the idea that dynamics above and below Tg can be described in a unified manner. The proposed model is tested against experimental data of glass-forming liquids, polymers and polymer composites. In the latter systems, it is shown that the Arrhenius-like behavior characterizing the dynamics of the polymeric bound-layer can be accounted for by such an extension of the super-Arrhenius region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kritikos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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13
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Warasitthinon N, Genix AC, Sztucki M, Oberdisse J, Robertson CG. THE PAYNE EFFECT: PRIMARILY POLYMER-RELATED OR FILLER-RELATED PHENOMENON? RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.19.80441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The hysteretic softening at small dynamic strains (Payne effect)—related to the rolling resistance and viscoelastic losses of tires—was studied as a function of particle size, filler volume fraction, and temperature for carbon black (CB) reinforced uncrosslinked styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and a paste-like material composed of CB-filled paraffin oil. The low-strain limit for dynamic storage modulus was found to be remarkably similar for CB-filled oil and the CB-filled SBR. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements on the simple composites and detailed data analysis confirmed that the aggregate structures and nature of filler branching/networking of carbon black were virtually identical within oil compared to the high molecular weight polymer matrix. The combined dynamic rheology and SAXS results provide clear evidence that the deformation-induced breaking (unjamming) of the filler network—characterized by filler–filler contacts that are percolated throughout the material—is the main cause for the Payne effect. However, the polymer matrix does play a secondary role as demonstrated by a reduction in Payne effect magnitude with increasing temperature for the CB-reinforced rubber, which was not observed to a significant extent for the oil–CB system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Sztucki
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christopher G. Robertson
- Cooper Tire and Rubber Company, 701 Lima Avenue, Findlay, OH 45840
- Present address: Endurica LLC, 1219 West Main Cross Street, Findlay, OH 45840
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14
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Bakir M, Meyer JL, Sutrisno A, Economy J, Jasiuk I. Aromatic thermosetting copolyester bionanocomposites as reconfigurable bone substitute materials: Interfacial interactions between reinforcement particles and polymer network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14869. [PMID: 30291259 PMCID: PMC6173751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of porous materials consisting of polymer host matrix enriched with bioactive ceramic particles that can initiate the reproduction of cellular organisms while maintaining in vivo mechanical reliability is a long-standing challenge for synthetic bone substitutes. We present hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) matrix bionanocomposite as a potential reconfigurable bone replacement material. The nanocomposite is fabricated by solid-state mixing a matching set of precursor oligomers with biocompatible pristine HA particles. During endothermic condensation polymerization reaction, the constituent oligomers form a mechanochemically robust crosslinked aromatic backbone while incorporating the HAs into a self-generated cellular structure. The morphological analysis demonstrates near-homogenous distributions of the pristine HAs within the matrix. The HAs behave as a crack-arrester which promotes a more deformation-tolerant formation with relatively enhanced material toughness. Chain relaxation dynamics of the nanocomposite matrix during glass transition is modified via HA-induced segmental immobilization. Chemical characterization of the polymer backbone composition reveals the presence of a hydrogen-advanced covalent interfacial coupling mechanism between the HAs and ATSP matrix. This report lays the groundwork for further studies on aromatic thermosetting copolyester matrix bionanocomposites which may find applications in various artificial bone needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Bakir
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jacob L Meyer
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,ATSP Innovations, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Andre Sutrisno
- NMR/EPR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - James Economy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,ATSP Innovations, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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15
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Ma F, Xu B, Song Y, Zheng Q. Influence of molecular weight on molecular dynamics and dynamic rheology of polypropylene glycol filled with silica. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31972-31978. [PMID: 35547494 PMCID: PMC9085909 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular weight strongly influences the molecular dynamics and rheological responses of nanocomposites, which is far from being well understood. Herein molecular dynamics and rheological behaviors of hydrophilic fumed silica filled unentangled polypropylene glycol (PPG) were investigated as a function of weight averaged molecular weight (M w) of PPG and volume fraction (∅) of silica. It is shown that M w does not affect the glassy layers surrounding the nanoparticles and the segmental dynamics of the mobile PPG phase. On the other hand, the mobile PPG phase in the highly filled nanocomposites exhibits an abnormal "more fragile" to "stronger" transition with increasing M w. The reinforcement and thinning behaviors are stronger in lower-M w nanocomposites with the "more fragile" mobile PPG phase. The results suggest that reinforcement of nanocomposites affects the dynamic fragility of the mobile phase of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bei Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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16
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Warasitthinon N, Robertson CG. INTERPRETATION OF THE TANδ PEAK HEIGHT FOR PARTICLE-FILLED RUBBER AND POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES WITH RELEVANCE TO TIRE TREAD PERFORMANCE BALANCE. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.18.82608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to clarify the meaning of the peak height for the viscoelastic loss tangent (tanδ) in the glass transition region of particle-filled rubber, polymer nanocomposites, and polymer systems in general. Filler, oil, and curative loadings were systematically varied in a model styrene-butadiene rubber formulation with carbon black as the reinforcing filler. The dynamic mechanical responses of these compounds enabled a detailed study of the glass-to-rubber softening transition, which is known to play an important role with respect to the balance of traction, handling, and rolling resistance characteristics of tire treads. From the temperature-dependent viscoelastic results that were acquired at fixed frequency and small dynamic strain, it was demonstrated that a higher peak value for tanδ was correlated with a lower dynamic modulus in the rubbery state. Adjusting filler volume fraction was found to be an effective way of changing the rubbery modulus and hence the tanδ peak height. It was furthermore verified that such a correlation is a universal material-independent viscoelastic effect by mathematically producing a similar trend by varying the rubbery modulus parameter in the Havriliak–Negami viscoelastic model. This investigation also showed why glass transition temperature should be determined from the position of the loss modulus peak and not the tanδ peak. Cure behavior, tensile stress–strain properties, and extent of filler networking (Payne effect) for these rubber compounds will additionally be discussed.
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17
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Controlling nanoparticle crystallinity and surface enrichment in polymer (P3HT)/Nanoparticle(PCBM) blend films with tunable soft confinement. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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A nano-mechanical instability as primary contribution to rolling resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11275. [PMID: 28900212 PMCID: PMC5595803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolling resistance ranks among the top ten automobile megatrends, because it is directly linked to fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. The mechanisms controlling this phenomenon are hidden deeply inside the complexity of tire tread materials and do elude direct experimental observation. Here we use atomistic molecular modelling to identify a novel nano-mechanical mechanism for dissipative loss in silica filled elastomers when the latter are subjected to dynamic strain. The force-vs-particle separation curve of a single silica particle-to-silica particle contact, embedded inside a polyisoprene rubber matrix, is obtained, while the contact is opened and closed by a cyclic force. We confirm the occurrence of spontaneous relative displacements (‘jolts’) of the filler particles. These jolts give rise to energy dissipation in addition to the usual viscous loss in the polymer matrix. As the temperature is increased the new loss mechanism becomes dominant. This has important technical implications for the control and reduction of tire rolling resistance as well as for many other elastomer composite applications involving dynamic loading.
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19
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Sotta P, Albouy PA, Abou Taha M, Long DR, Grau P, Fayolle C, Papon A. Nonentropic Reinforcement in Elastomer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR5268, CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Albouy
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, UMR8502, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Abou Taha
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR5268, CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR5268, CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Grau
- Solvay R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Fayolle
- Solvay Silica, 15 rue Pierre Pays, 69660 Collonges au Mont dOr, France
| | - Aurélie Papon
- Solvay Silica, 15 rue Pierre Pays, 69660 Collonges au Mont dOr, France
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20
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Nakajima K, Ito M, Nguyen HK, Liang X. NANOMECHANICS OF THE RUBBER–FILLER INTERFACE. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.17.82642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Atomic force microscope (AFM)–based nanomechanics is one of the most promising tools for accessing the rubber–filler interface while providing not only structural information but also mechanical–property evaluation. An AFM-based static modulus map is used to close in on the understanding of the filler reinforcement effect. As an example, a famous Guth–Gold equation is verified by comparing tensile testing and AFM. Two different novel methods are also introduced to visualize viscoelastic quantities such as storage and loss moduli, loss tangent, relaxation modulus, and viscosity. The difference in segmental dynamics between a rubber matrix and an interfacial region will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Makiko Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hung Kim Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan
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21
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Helal E, Amurin L, Carastan D, de Sousa R, David E, Fréchette M, Demarquette N. Interfacial molecular dynamics of styrenic block copolymer-based nanocomposites with controlled spatial distribution. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang D, Liu Y, Guan A, Wu G. Unexpected segmental dynamics in polystyrene-grafted silica nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8542-8553. [PMID: 27722506 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the relationship between interfacial layer chain packing and dynamics remains a continuing challenge in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). This issue is expected to be significant in our understanding of the mechanism of the dynamic response of such materials and the manner in which these parameters affect the macroscopic properties of PNCs. In this study, we report the dynamics of free polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix chains, as well as those of polymer chains surrounding the spherical silica nanoparticles (NPs) where silica NPs are either bare or PS grafted, to discriminate the role of grafted chains and interfacial interactions between grafted NPs and the matrix. The α-relaxation dynamics of the PS matrix is unaffected by silica NP loadings, it slows down in PMMA nanocomposites because of polymer-NP interfacial interactions and steric hindrance. More interestingly, we probe the enhanced mobility of the interfacial layer (α'-relaxation) in PNCs filled with grafted NPs, and this phenomenon is further corroborated by the accelerated Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization process in the presence of grafted silica NPs. Moreover, the α'-relaxation time in the vicinity of glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix unexpectedly increases with increasing temperature. Such an anomalous temperature-dependent behavior can be attributed to the influence exerted by slow α-relaxation dynamics. Considering these phenomena and the mechanical properties, we propose a three-layer model to explain the observed behavior of grafted silica NP-filled nanocomposites. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms responsible for mechanical reinforcement and therefore provide guidance in designing PNCs with tunable macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Langping Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Dongge Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Aiguo Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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23
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Nie Y, Zhou Z, Hao T, Ye X, Yang W. The Distribution of Glass Transition Temperatures in Ultrathin Polymer Films Controlled by Segment Density or Interfacial Interaction. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Nie
- Institute of Polymer Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Tongfan Hao
- Institute of Polymer Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Xubo Ye
- Institute of Polymer Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Wenming Yang
- Institute of Polymer Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
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24
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Li X, Chen L, Li Q, Zhang J, Su Z, Zhang X, Zheng K, Tian X. Double glass transitions in exfoliated poly(methyl methacrylate)/organically modified MgAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PMMA chains were confined at a layered material (organically modified MgAl layered double hydroxides) surface, which formed the interfacial layer between nanoparticles and the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Li
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Qiulong Li
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Su
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Applied Technology
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
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25
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Structure and dynamics of polymer nanocomposites studied by X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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The glass transition, segmental relaxations and viscoelastic behaviour of particulate-reinforced natural rubber. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Gu Z, Zhang X, Bao C, Xue M, Wang H, Tian X. Crosslinking-Dependent Relaxation Dynamics in Ethylene–Propylene–Diene (EPDM) Terpolymer above the Glass Transition Temperature. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1018438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Interphase vs confinement in starch-clay bionanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:746-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. In situdispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity, morphology and property. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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30
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Tao R, Simon SL. Bulk and shear rheology of silica/polystyrene nanocomposite: Reinforcement and dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas 79409-3121
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31
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Qiu S, Li S, Tao Y, Feng X, Yu B, Mu X, Xing W, Hu Y, Jie G. Preparation of UV-curable functionalized phosphazene-containing nanotube/polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite coatings with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotubes with active hydroxyl groups were fabricated via an in situ template method under mild conditions, and then modified by acryloyl chloride to obtain the acryloyl-group functionalized PZS (f-PZS) nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Youji Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products
- China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety
| | - Ganxin Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products
- China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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32
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Yang L, Huang S, Wu F, Zheng S, Yang W, Liu Z, Yang M. New insights into the elasticity and multi-level relaxation of filler network with studies on the rheology of isotactic polypropylene/carbon black nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The elasticity and multi-level relaxation behavior of filler network in isotactic polypropylene/carbon black nanocomposites were systematically studied, which was instructive for the development and application of viscoelastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaodi Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
| | - Zhengying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
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33
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Karatasos K. Graphene/Hyperbranched Polymer Nanocomposites: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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34
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Sun C, Zhang P, Wrana C, Schuster R, Zhao S. COMBINED DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF FILLER NETWORK PERCOLATION BEHAVIOR, FILLER–FILLER CONTACT, AND FILLER–POLYMER INTERACTION ON CARBON BLACK–FILLED HYDROGENATED ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.14.85984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The filler network percolation behavior, filler–filler contact, and filler–polymer interaction of carbon black (CB)–filled hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber were investigated with the combination of dielectric and mechanical properties, by means of changing CB concentration, CB-specific surface area, cycling deformation for vulcanizates, and rotation speed of rotors in the internal mixer during the mixing process. A dielectric relaxation spectrometer was used to determine the percolation threshold of the CB network, which was made up of filler–filler contact, combined with the percolation theory. Dynamic mechanical analysis and a universal testing machine were employed to observe the filler–filler contact and filler–polymer interaction. The filler–filler bonds were determined by analysis of the Arrhenius plot on the basis of temperature sweep. The filler–polymer interaction and filler–filler contact were determined by hysteresis loss dependence and analysis of the reinforcement factor on the basis of strain sweep and quasi-static stress–strain behavior. The model of variable network density proposed by Maier and Goritz was applied to explain the contribution of stable and unstable bonds, which constituted the filler–polymer interaction, to storage modulus. The results showed that the percolation threshold of the filler network increased with an increase in rotation speed and a decrease in CB-specific surface area, which indicated that the filler–filler contact was affected by increasing rotation speed to some degree. Cycling deformation did not obviously affect the percolation threshold. This means that the filler–filler contact was not obviously affected by cycling deformation. However, the filler–polymer interaction was weakened by this procedure, according to careful investigation for the variation of some mechanical properties. We found new interesting correlations between the macroscopic mechanical properties and CB concentration. The molecular nature of these findings was discussed, combined with the overlap model and traditional molecular slip theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber and Plastics (Qingdao University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber and Plastics (Qingdao University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Claus Wrana
- Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, LXS-INN-PT, Leverkusen, 51368, Germany
| | - Robert Schuster
- Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, LXS-INN-PT, Leverkusen, 51368, Germany
| | - Shugao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber and Plastics (Qingdao University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266042, China
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35
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Gu Z, Zhang X, Ding X, Bao C, Fang F, Li S, Zhou H, Xue M, Wang H, Tian X. Two coupled effects of sub micron silica particles on the mechanical relaxation behavior of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber chains. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6087-6095. [PMID: 25007227 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00556b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article studied the influence of silica (SiO2) particles on the crosslinked network and the molecular mobility of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber chains by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). When SiO2 fraction is lower than 8 phr, the chain segments that participate in the glass-rubber transition (α transition) decrease with increasing the SiO2 content, while the whole crosslinked network is almost unaffected by the presence of SiO2. When the SiO2 fraction increases to about 20 phr, there appears a new tan δ peak (α' transition) above the α transition. This could be because the crosslinking reaction took place only on a small scale and the formed network became gradually incomplete when the content of the particles exceeded some critical value, and the α' transition is attributed primarily to the motion of non-elastic network chains loosely attached to the three-dimensional network. However, at SiO2 loadings higher than 40 phr, the crosslinking density was kept basically constant. The α' transition is hindered by a restriction of the chain mobility due to SiO2. The different changes of α' transition depended on the two coupled effects of SiO2, including restricting the chain mobility and decreasing the crosslinking density. Correspondingly, with increasing the mobility of EPDM chains and SiO2-induced strengthening, the mechanical properties of EPDM composite are dramatically improved. With the addition of 20 phr of SiO2 in the EPDM, a 113% increase in the elongation at break, a 510% increase in the fracture energy, and a 283% increase in the tensile strength are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. Self-crosslinkable lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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37
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Mujtaba A, Keller M, Ilisch S, Radusch HJ, Beiner M, Thurn-Albrecht T, Saalwächter K. Detection of Surface-Immobilized Components and Their Role in Viscoelastic Reinforcement of Rubber-Silica Nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:481-485. [PMID: 35590787 DOI: 10.1021/mz500192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized polymer fractions have been claimed to be of pivotal importance for the large mechanical reinforcement observed in nanoparticle-filled elastomers but remained elusive in actual application-relevant materials. We here isolate the additive filler network contribution to the storage modulus of industrial styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites filled with silica at different frequencies and temperatures and demonstrate that it is viscoelastic in nature. We further quantify the amount of immobilized polymer using solid-state NMR and establish a correlation with the mechanical reinforcement, identifying a direct, strongly nonlinear dependence on the immobilized polymer fraction. The observation of a temperature-independent filler percolation threshold suggests that immobilized polymer fractions may not necessarily form contiguous layers around the filler particles but could only reside in highly confined regions between closely packed filler particles, where they dominate the bending modulus of aggregated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mujtaba
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Keller
- Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Ilisch
- Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H.-J. Radusch
- Zentrum für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Beiner
- Fraunhofer Institut für
Werkstoffmechanik IWM, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - T. Thurn-Albrecht
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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38
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Jouault N, Dalmas F, Boué F, Jestin J. Nanoparticles reorganizations in polymer nanocomposites under large deformation. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Pandey YN, Brayton A, Burkhart C, Papakonstantopoulos GJ, Doxastakis M. Multiscale modeling of polyisoprene on graphite. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054908. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4863918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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40
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Pérez-Aparicio R, Vieyres A, Albouy PA, Sanséau O, Vanel L, Long DR, Sotta P. Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Elastomer Nanocomposites: Breakdown of Entropic Elasticity. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pérez-Aparicio
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Vieyres
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Albouy
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, UMR8502, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Sanséau
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Vanel
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
- Institut Lumière Matière,
UMR5306, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons Cedex, France
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41
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42
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Roh JH, Tyagi M, Hogan TE, Roland CM. Effect of binding to carbon black on the dynamics of 1,4-polybutadiene. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4822476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Gao Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Cao D. Existence of a Glassy Layer in the Polymer-Nanosheet Interface: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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44
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Kummali MM, Miccio LA, Schwartz GA, Alegría A, Colmenero J, Otegui J, Petzold A, Westermann S. Local mechanical and dielectric behavior of the interacting polymer layer in silica nano-particles filled SBR by means of AFM-based methods. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Le Strat D, Dalmas F, Randriamahefa S, Jestin J, Wintgens V. Mechanical reinforcement in model elastomer nanocomposites with tuned microstructure and interactions. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Baeza GP, Genix AC, Degrandcourt C, Petitjean L, Gummel J, Couty M, Oberdisse J. Multiscale Filler Structure in Simplified Industrial Nanocomposite Silica/SBR Systems Studied by SAXS and TEM. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302248p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem P. Baeza
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de
Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes Déchaux, F-63 040, Clermont-Ferrand,
Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
| | - Christophe Degrandcourt
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de
Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes Déchaux, F-63 040, Clermont-Ferrand,
Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Petitjean
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de
Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes Déchaux, F-63 040, Clermont-Ferrand,
Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérémie Gummel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ESRF, 6 rue
Jules Horowitz, BP 220, F-38 043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Couty
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Site de
Ladoux, 23 place des Carmes Déchaux, F-63 040, Clermont-Ferrand,
Cedex 9, France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, F-34 095, Montpellier,
France
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47
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Zengeni E, Hartmann PC, Pasch H. Encapsulation of clay by ad-miniemulsion polymerization: the influence of clay size and modifier reactivity on latex morphology and physical properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:6957-6968. [PMID: 23138445 DOI: 10.1021/am302110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of clay platelet size and type of organic modifier (reactive or nonreactive) on highly filled hybrid latex morphology and physical properties of the resultant polymer/clay nanocomposites (PCNs) were investigated. The hybrid latexes, containing clay loadings between 30 and 50 wt % clay, were prepared using ad-miniemulsion polymerization. These materials have potential use in the packaging and coating industry since clay platelets are well-known for barrier property improvements. Comparative studies on the use of montmorillonite (MMT), a large clay platelet (average size: 50-500 nm), and Laponite (Lap), small-sized clay platelets (average size: 25-40 nm), were conducted. Two different clay modifiers were used to modify the clays, i.e., a conventional nonreactive modifier (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and a reactive modifier (vinylbenzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride (VBDAC)). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of the hybrid latexes clearly showed strong morphological dependency on both the type of modifier and the clay platelet size. Furthermore, TEM together with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that the extent of clay exfoliation was strongly dependent on the reactivity of the clay modifier, irrespective of the clay platelet size. Both the type of modifier and clay platelets size were found to have an influence on different physical properties of the resultant PCNs. The influence of clay size was clearly indicated by storage modulus and thermal stability behaviors, while that of the clay modifier was indicated by the T(g). Lap-based PCNs exhibited constant or increasing storage modulus and no change in thermal stability with increasing clay content, while MMT-based PCNs showed a decreasing trend in both storage modulus and thermal stability. PCNs based on clay modified with CTAB showed a decreasing T(g) with increasing clay content, while those based on clay modified with VBDAC showed an increasing trend. It was concluded that the clay platelet size and the type of modifier play a crucial part of both the latex morphology and the physical properties of the resultant PCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddson Zengeni
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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48
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Zengeni E, Hartmann PC, Pasch H. Highly Filled Polystyrene/Laponite Hybrid Nanoparticles Prepared Using the Ad-miniemulsion Polymerisation Technique. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Jouault N, Dalmas F, Boué F, Jestin J. Multiscale characterization of filler dispersion and origins of mechanical reinforcement in model nanocomposites. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Genix AC, Tatou M, Imaz A, Forcada J, Schweins R, Grillo I, Oberdisse J. Modeling of Intermediate Structures and Chain Conformation in Silica–Latex Nanocomposites Observed by SANS During Annealing. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mouna Tatou
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Ainara Imaz
- Grupo de Ingeniería Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, The University of the Basque Country, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- Grupo de Ingeniería Química,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, The University of the Basque Country, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb
UMR 5221, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin,
UMR 12 CEA/CNRS, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif
sur Yvette, France
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