1
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Bera PK, Medvedev GA, Caruthers JM, Ediger MD. Structural Relaxation Time of a Polymer Glass during Deformation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:208101. [PMID: 38829058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.208101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to determine the structural relaxation time of a polymer glass during deformation, a strain rate switching experiment is performed in the steady-state plastic flow regime. A lightly cross-linked poly(methylmethacrylate) glass was utilized and, simultaneously, the segmental motion in the glass was quantified using an optical probe reorientation method. After the strain rate switch, a nonmonotonic stress response is observed, consistent with previous work. The correlation time for segmental motion, in contrast, monotonically evolves toward a new steady state, providing an unambiguous measurement of the structural relaxation time during deformation, which is found to be approximately equal to the segmental correlation time. The Chen-Schweizer model qualitatively predicts the changes in the segmental correlation time and the observed nonmonotonic stress response. In addition, our experiments are reasonably consistent with the material time assumption used in polymer deformation modeling; in this approach, the response of a polymer glass to a large deformation is described by combining a linear-response model with a time-dependent segmental correlation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Bera
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Mark D Ediger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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2
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Estrada RG, Multigner M, Fagali N, Lozano RM, Muñoz M, Cifuentes SC, Torres B, Lieblich M. Metastable FeMg particles for controlling degradation rate, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of Poly(l-lactic) acid (PLLA) for orthopedic applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22552. [PMID: 38107306 PMCID: PMC10724572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(l-lactic) acid (PLLA) is commonly used in bioabsorbable medical implants, but it suffers from slow degradation rate and rapid decline in mechanical properties for orthopedic applications. To address this drawback, recent research has explored the use of Mg as a filler for PLLA, resulting in composites with improved degradation rate and cytocompatibility compared to neat PLLA. In this study, FeMg powder particles were proposed as fillers for PLLA to investigate the potential of PLLA/FeMg composites for bioabsorbable implants. Cylinder specimens of PLLA, PLLA/Fe, PLLA/Mg and PLLA/FeMg were prepared using solvent casting followed by thermo-molding. The microstructure, thermal behavior, in vitro degradation behavior in simulated body fluid, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of these composites were examined. The results indicate that the presence of FeMg particles prevents the deterioration of the composite mechanical properties, at least up to 14 days. Once a certain amount of degradation of the composite is reached, the degradation is faster than that of PLLA. Direct cytotoxicity assays revealed that pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells successfully adhered to and proliferated on the PLLA/FeMg surface. The inclusion of a low percentage of Mg into the Fe lattice not only accelerated the degradation rate of Fe but also improved its cytocompatibility. The enhanced degradation rate, mechanical properties, and osteoconductive properties of this composite make it a promising option for temporary orthopedic biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia Fagali
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT La Plata, CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Cell-Biomaterial Recognition Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-MS.CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lozano
- Cell-Biomaterial Recognition Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-MS.CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén Torres
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Lieblich
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Jeong D, Yook J, Kwon D, Shim J, Lee J. Interweaving Elastic and Hydrogen Bond-Forming Polymers into Highly Tough and Stress-Relaxable Binders for High-Performance Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302027. [PMID: 37751290 PMCID: PMC10625081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge in practically using high-capacity silicon (Si) as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is alleviating significant volume change of Si during cycling. One key to resolving the failure issues of Si is exploiting carefully designed polymer binders exhibiting mechanical robustness to retain the structural integrity of Si electrodes, while concurrently displaying elasticity and toughness to effectively dissipate external stresses exerted by the volume changes of Si. Herein, a highly elastic and tough polymer binder is proposed by interweaving polyacrylic acid (PAA) with poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) elastomer for Si anodes. By systematically tuning molecular parameters, including molecular weights of hard/soft segments and structures of hard segment components, it is demonstrated that the mechanical properties of polymer binders, such as elasticity, toughness, and stress relaxation ability, strongly affect the cycling performance of Si electrodes. This study provides new insight into the rational design of polymer binders capable of accommodating the volume changes of Si, primarily by judicious modulation of the mechanical properties of polymer binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daun Jeong
- Energy Storage Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)14 Gil 5 Hwarang‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Yook
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1, Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Da‐Sol Kwon
- Energy Storage Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)14 Gil 5 Hwarang‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringKorea University145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Shim
- Energy Storage Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)14 Gil 5 Hwarang‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1, Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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4
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Xu J, Wood GS, Mastropaolo E, Lomax P, Newton M, Cheung R. A Closed Cavity Ultrasonic Resonator Formed by Graphene/PMMA Membrane for Acoustic Application. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:810. [PMID: 37421043 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) closed cavity resonator with a resonant frequency at around 160 kHz has been fabricated. A six-layer graphene structure with a 450 nm PMMA laminated layer has been dry-transferred onto the closed cavity with an air gap of 105 μm. The resonator has been actuated in an atmosphere and at room temperature by mechanical, electrostatic and electro-thermal methods. The (1,1) mode has been observed to dominate the resonance, which suggests that the graphene/PMMA membrane has been perfectly clamped and seals the closed cavity. The degree of linearity of the membrane's displacement versus the actuation signal has been determined. The resonant frequency has been observed to be tuned to around 4% by applying an AC voltage through the membrane. The strain has been estimated to be around 0.08%. This research puts forward a graphene-based sensor design for acoustic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
- AAC Technologies (Scotland) Limited, Edinburgh EH3 8EG, UK
| | - Graham S Wood
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Enrico Mastropaolo
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Peter Lomax
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Michael Newton
- The Acoustics and Audio Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9DF, UK
| | - Rebecca Cheung
- The School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
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5
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Homer WJA, Lisnenko M, Gardner AC, Kostakova EK, Valtera J, Wall IB, Jencova V, Topham PD, Theodosiou E. Assessment of thermally stabilized electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) materials as cell permeable membranes for a novel blood salvage device. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213197. [PMID: 36462387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of Intraoperative Cell Salvage (ICS) is currently limited in oncological surgeries, due to safety concerns associated with the ability of existing devices to successfully remove circulating tumour cells. In this work, we present the first stages towards the creation of an alternative platform to current cell savers, based on the extremely selective immunoaffinity membrane chromatography principle. Non-woven membranes were produced via electrospinning using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and further heat treated at 180 °C to prevent their dissolution in aqueous environments and preserve their fibrous morphology. The effects of the PVA degree of hydrolysis (DH) (98 % vs 99 %), method of electrospinning (needleless DC vs AC), and heat treatment duration (1-8 h) were investigated. All heat treated supports maintained their cytocompatibility, whilst tensile tests indicated that the 99 % hydrolysed DC electrospun mats were stronger compared to their 98 % DH counterparts. Although, and at the described conditions, AC electrospinning produced fibres with more than double the diameter compared to those from DC electrospinning, it was not chosen for subsequent experiments because it is still under development. Evidence of unimpeded passage of SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and undiluted defibrinated sheep's blood in flow-through filtration experiments confirmed the successful creation of 3D networks with minimum resistance to mass transfer and lack of non-specific cell binding to the base material, paving the way for the development of novel, highly selective ICS devices for tumour surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Joseph A Homer
- Engineering for Health Research Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maxim Lisnenko
- Dpt. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian C Gardner
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eva K Kostakova
- Dpt. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Valtera
- Dpt. Of Textile Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan B Wall
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vera Jencova
- Dpt. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Paul D Topham
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eirini Theodosiou
- Engineering for Health Research Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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6
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Razavi M, Xing E, Ediger MD. Overaging with Stress in Polymer Glasses? Faster Segmental Dynamics despite Larger Yield Stress! Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Hem J, Crauste-Thibierge C, Merlette TC, Clément F, Long DR, Ciliberto S. Microscopic Dynamics in the Strain Hardening Regime of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Hem
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | | | - Thomas C. Merlette
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
| | - Florence Clément
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- CNRS/Solvay, UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Cedex Saint Fons, France
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, MATEIS, UMR5510, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sergio Ciliberto
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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8
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Xing E, Bennin T, Razavi M, Ediger MD. Segmental Dynamics in the Strain-Hardening Regime for Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glasses with and without Melt Stretching. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Masoud Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Cruz MV, Shah DU, Warner NC, McCune JA, Scherman OA. Facile, Energy-Efficient Microscale Fibrillation of Polyacrylamides under Ambient Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201577. [PMID: 35365942 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insight into fiber formation can provide new rationale for the design and preparation of fibers with programmed mechanical properties. While synthetic bioinspired fibers have shown impressive tensile properties, the fiber formation process remains poorly understood. Moreover, these systems are highly complex and their formation is environmentally and economically costly. Controlled fiber formation under ambient conditions from polyacrylamide solutions with properties comparable to natural fibers such as wool and coir is demonstrated. Photopolymerization and subsequent microscale fibrillation of different acrylamides in water/ethanol mixtures yield a simple and energy-efficient route to fiber formation. This strategy reduces required processing energy by two-to-three orders of magnitude. Through extensive experimental elucidation, insight into precise fiber forming conditions of polymeric solutions is achieved. Ethanol is utilized as a chain transfer agent to control the molecular weight of the polyacrylamides, and the entanglement regimes of the solutions are determined through rheological characterization showing fiber formation above the entanglement concentration. Unique from previously reported hydrogel microfibers, it is shown that fibers with good mechanical properties can be obtained without the need for composites or crosslinkers. The reported approach offers a platform for fiber formation under ambient conditions with molecular-level understanding of their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menandro V Cruz
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Darshil U Shah
- Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Nina C Warner
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jade A McCune
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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10
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Yang E, Riggleman RA. Role of Local Structure in the Enhanced Dynamics of Deformed Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:097801. [PMID: 35302792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.097801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
External stress can accelerate molecular mobility of amorphous solids by several orders of magnitude. The changes in mobility are commonly interpreted through the Eyring model, which invokes an empirical activation volume. Here, we analyze constant-stress molecular dynamics simulations and propose a structure-dependent Eyring model, connecting activation volume to a machine-learned field, softness. We show that stress has a heterogeneous effect on the mobility that depends on local structure through softness. The barrier impeding relaxation reduces more for well-packed particles, which explains the narrower distribution of relaxation time observed under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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11
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Kechek’yan AS, Monakhova KZ, Bazhenov SL. Strain Softening of Polypropylene Films during Biaxial Orientation. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501621070022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Abnormal brittle-ductile transition for glassy polymers after free and constrained melt stretching: The role of molecular alignment. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Prediction of real tensile properties using extrapolations from atomistic simulations; An assessment on thermoplastic starch. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Du C, Zhang XN, Sun TL, Du M, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Hydrogen-Bond Association-Mediated Dynamics and Viscoelastic Properties of Tough Supramolecular Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Ning Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Miao Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Ge T, Wang J, Robbins MO. Effects of Coarse-Graining on Molecular Simulations of Mechanical Properties of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark O. Robbins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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16
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Kwon T, Sung BJ. Confinement effects on the mechanical heterogeneity of polymer fiber glasses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052501. [PMID: 33327119 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both polymer fiber glasses and bulk polymer glasses exhibit nonlinear mechanical responses under uniaxial deformation. In polymer fibers, however, polymer chains are confined strongly and the surface area is relatively large compared to their volume. The confinement and the surface may lead to the spatially heterogeneous relaxation of chains in polymer fibers. In this work we perform molecular dynamics simulations and investigate the relation between the heterogeneous dynamics and the nonlinear mechanical responses at a molecular level. Our molecular simulations capture successfully not only the nonlinear mechanical response but also the dependence of mechanical properties on the strain rate of typical polymer glasses as in experiments. We find that the local elastic modulus and the nonaffine displacement are spatially heterogeneous in the pre-yield regime, which results in a lower elastic modulus for polymer fibers than bulk polymer glasses. In the post-yield regime, those mechanical properties become relatively homogeneous. Monomers with large nonaffine displacement are localized mainly at the interfacial region in the pre-yield regime while highly nonaffine monomers are distributed throughout the fibers in the post-yield regime. We show that the nonaffine displacement during deformation relates closely to the mechanical response of the polymer fibers. We also find that in the strain-hardening regime there is a significant difference in the energetic contribution to the stress between polymer fibers and bulk polymers, for which the modulus of the strain-hardening regime of the polymer fibers is smaller than that of bulk polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ghosh A, Schweizer KS. The role of collective elasticity on activated structural relaxation, yielding, and steady state flow in hard sphere fluids and colloidal suspensions under strong deformation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0026258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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18
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Tang Z, Fujimoto K, Okazaki S. All-atom molecular dynamics study of impact fracture of glassy polymers. II: Microscopic origins of stresses in elasticity, yielding, and strain hardening. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Velez NR, Allen FI, Jones MA, Govindjee S, Meyers GF, Minor AM. Extreme Ductility in Freestanding Polystyrene Thin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Velez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Frances I. Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary Ann Jones
- Core R&D—Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Sanjay Govindjee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gregory F. Meyers
- Core R&D—Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Andrew M. Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Investigating nature of stresses in extension and compression of glassy polymers via stress relaxation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Razavi M, Cheng S, Huang D, Zhang S, Wang SQ. Crazing and yielding in glassy polymers of high molecular weight. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Giuntoli A, Puosi F, Leporini D, Starr FW, Douglas JF. Predictive relation for the α-relaxation time of a coarse-grained polymer melt under steady shear. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0777. [PMID: 32494635 PMCID: PMC7182423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influence of steady shear on structural relaxation in a simulated coarse-grained unentangled polymer melt over a wide range of temperature and shear rates. Shear is found to progressively suppress the α-relaxation process observed in the intermediate scattering function, leading ultimately to a purely inertially dominated β-relaxation at high shear rates, a trend similar to increasing temperature. On the basis of a scaling argument emphasizing dynamic heterogeneity in cooled liquids and its alteration under material deformation, we deduce and validate a parameter-free scaling relation for both the structural relaxation time τα from the intermediate scattering function and the "stretching exponent" β quantifying the extent of dynamic heterogeneity over the entire range of temperatures and shear rates that we can simulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuntoli
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersbug, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Francesco Puosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dino Leporini
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi,” Università di Pisa, Largo B.Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- IPCF-CNR, UOS Pisa, Italy
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersbug, Maryland 20899, USA
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23
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Ginzburg VV. A simple mean-field model of glassy dynamics and glass transition. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:810-825. [PMID: 31840706 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a phenomenological model to describe the equilibrium dynamic behavior of amorphous glassy materials. It is assumed that a material can be represented by a lattice of cooperatively re-arranging regions (CRRs), with each CRR having two states, the low-temperature "solid" and the high-temperature "liquid". At low temperatures, the material exhibits two characteristic relaxation times, corresponding to the slow large-scale motion between the "solid" CRRs (α-relaxation) and the faster local motion within individual CRRs (β-relaxation). At high temperatures, the α- and β-relaxation times merge, as observed experimentally and suggested by the "Coupling Model" framework. Our new approach is labeled "Two-state, two (time)scale model" or TS2. It is shown that the TS2 treatment can successfully describe the "two-Arrhenius" relaxation time behavior described in several recent experiments. We also apply TS2 to describe the pressure- and molecular-weight dependence of the glass transition temperature in bulk polymers, as well as its dependence on film thickness in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V Ginzburg
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
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24
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Zou W, Moghadam S, Hoy RS, Larson RG. Multiscale Modeling of Sub-Entanglement-Scale Chain Stretching and Strain Hardening in Deformed Polymeric Glasses. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Soroush Moghadam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert S. Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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25
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Ricci J, Bennin T, Xing E, Ediger MD. Linear Stress Relaxation and Probe Reorientation: Comparison of the Segmental Dynamics of Two Glassy Polymers during Physical Aging. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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26
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Haugan IN, Lee B, Maher MJ, Zografos A, Schibur HJ, Jones SD, Hillmyer MA, Bates FS. Physical Aging of Polylactide-Based Graft Block Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seamus D. Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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27
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Bennin T, Ricci J, Ediger MD. Enhanced Segmental Dynamics of Poly(lactic acid) Glasses during Constant Strain Rate Deformation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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28
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Kechek’yan AS, Bazhenov SL, Monakhova KZ. Necking Instability Caused by Strain Softening of Poly(butylene succinate). DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501619030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Chang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Tian F, Chen P, Zhao J, Li L. Structural origin for the strain rate dependence of mechanical response of fluoroelastomer F2314. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yuanfei Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fucheng Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pinzhang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingyun Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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30
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Xiang D, Wang L, Tang Y, Harkin-Jones E, Zhao C, Wang P, Li Y. Damage self-sensing behavior of carbon nanofiller reinforced polymer composites with different conductive network structures. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Ricci J, Bennin T, Ediger MD. Direct Comparison of Probe Reorientation and Linear Mechanical Measurements of Segmental Dynamics in Glassy Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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32
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Phan AD, Schweizer KS. Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation Theory of Glass-Forming Liquids: Transient Localization, Thermodynamic Mapping, and Cooperativity. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8451-8461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Rottler J. Molecular mobility in driven monomeric and polymeric glasses. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:010501. [PMID: 30110863 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that in monomeric supercooled liquids and glasses that are plastically flowing at a constant shear stress σ while being deformed with strain rate ε[over ̇], the microscopic structural relaxation time τ_{str} is given by the universal relation σ/G_{∞}ε[over ̇] with G_{∞} a modulus. This equality holds for all rheological regimes from temperatures above the glass transition all the way to the athermal limit, and arises from the competing effects of elastic loading and viscous dissipation. In macromolecular (polymeric) glasses, however, the stress decouples from this relaxation time and τ_{str} is in fact further reduced even though σ rises during glassy strain hardening. We develop expressions to capture both effects and thus provide a framework for analyzing mobility measurements in glassy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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34
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Abishera R, Velmurugan R, Nagendra Gopal KV. Reversible plasticity shape memory effect in carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites: Shape recovery studies for torsional and bending deformations. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Abishera
- Department of Aerospace Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - R. Velmurugan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - K. V. Nagendra Gopal
- Department of Aerospace Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
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35
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Oleinik EF, Mazo MA, Strel’nikov IA, Rudnev SN, Salamatina OB. Plasticity Mechanism for Glassy Polymers: Computer Simulation Picture. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Liu Z, Li X, Zheng Y, Wang SQ, Tsige M. Chain Network: Key to the Ductile Behavior of Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yexin Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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37
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Voyiadjis GZ, Malekmotiei L, Samadi-Dooki A. Indentation size effect in amorphous polymers based on shear transformation mediated plasticity. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Conca L, Dequidt A, Sotta P, Long DR. Acceleration and Homogenization of the Dynamics during Plastic Deformation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Conca
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Alain Dequidt
- Institut
de Chimie, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
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39
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Sweeney J, Spencer PE, Vgenopoulos D, Babenko M, Boutenel F, Caton-Rose P, Coates PD. Application of activated barrier hopping theory to viscoplastic modeling of glassy polymers. MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS 2017; 22:145-165. [PMID: 29962897 PMCID: PMC6003397 DOI: 10.1007/s11043-017-9369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An established statistical mechanical theory of amorphous polymer deformation has been incorporated as a plastic mechanism into a constitutive model and applied to a range of polymer mechanical deformations. The temperature and rate dependence of the tensile yield of PVC, as reported in early studies, has been modeled to high levels of accuracy. Tensile experiments on PET reported here are analyzed similarly and good accuracy is also achieved. The frequently observed increase in the gradient of the plot of yield stress against logarithm of strain rate is an inherent feature of the constitutive model. The form of temperature dependence of the yield that is predicted by the model is found to give an accurate representation. The constitutive model is developed in two-dimensional form and implemented as a user-defined subroutine in the finite element package ABAQUS. This analysis is applied to the tensile experiments on PET, in some of which strain is localized in the form of shear bands and necks. These deformations are modeled with partial success, though adiabatic heating of the instability causes inaccuracies for this isothermal implementation of the model. The plastic mechanism has advantages over the Eyring process, is equally tractable, and presents no particular difficulties in implementation with finite elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sweeney
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - P. E. Spencer
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - D. Vgenopoulos
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - M. Babenko
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - F. Boutenel
- Institut Clement Ader (ICA); Universite de Toulouse; CNRS, IMT Mines Albi, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, UPS; Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi, France
| | - P. Caton-Rose
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - P. D. Coates
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
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40
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Lin P, Xu Q, Cheng S, Li X, Zhao Z, Sun S, Peng C, Joy A, Wang SQ. Effects of Molecular Weight Reduction on Brittle–Ductile Transition and Elastic Yielding Due to Noninvasive γ Irradiation on Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Quan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhichen Zhao
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shuangyi Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chao Peng
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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41
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Zhao Y, Liu J, Li X, Lu Y, Wang SQ. How and Why Polymer Glasses Lose Their Ductility Due to Plasticizers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jianning Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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42
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Hebert K, Ediger MD. Reversing Strain Deformation Probes Mechanisms for Enhanced Segmental Mobility of Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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43
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Dequidt A, Conca L, Delannoy JY, Sotta P, Lequeux F, Long DR. Heterogeneous Dynamics and Polymer Plasticity. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dequidt
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luca Conca
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux
Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delannoy
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux
Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux
Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - François Lequeux
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie
Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI) ParisTech, PSL Research
University, CNRS UMR 7615, Sciences et Ingénierie de la matière Molle, 10, Rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux
Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS/Solvay, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, F-69192 Saint-Fons, France
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44
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Rottler J. Relaxation times in deformed polymer glasses: A comparison between molecular simulations and two theories. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rottler
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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45
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Li J, Zhang BK, Li HS, Chen K, Tian WD, Tong PQ. Glassy dynamics of model colloidal polymers: The effect of "monomer" size. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204509. [PMID: 27250318 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, attempts have been made to assemble colloidal particles into chains, which are termed "colloidal polymers." An apparent difference between molecular and colloidal polymers is the "monomer" size. Here, we propose a model to represent the variation from molecular polymer to colloidal polymer and study the quantitative differences in their glassy dynamics. For chains, two incompatible local length scales, i.e., monomer size and bond length, are manifested in the radial distribution function and intramolecular correlation function. The mean square displacement of monomers exhibits Rouse-like sub-diffusion at intermediate time/length scale and the corresponding exponent depends on the volume fraction and the monomer size. We find that the threshold volume fraction at which the caging regime emerges can be used as a rescaling unit so that the data of localization length versus volume fraction for different monomer sizes can gather close to an exponential curve. The increase of monomer size effectively increases the hardness of monomers and thus makes the colloidal polymers vitrify at lower volume fraction. Static and dynamic equivalences between colloidal polymers of different monomer sizes have been discussed. In the case of having the same peak time of the non-Gaussian parameter, the motion of monomers of larger size is much less non-Gaussian. The mode-coupling critical exponents for colloidal polymers are in agreement with that of flexible bead-spring chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo-Kai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui-Shu Li
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Pei-Qing Tong
- Department of Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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46
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Pérez-Aparicio R, Cottinet D, Crauste-Thibierge C, Vanel L, Sotta P, Delannoy JY, Long DR, Ciliberto S. Dielectric Spectroscopy of a Stretched Polymer Glass: Heterogeneous Dynamics and Plasticity. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pérez-Aparicio
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS/Université de Lyon, UMR 5672, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Cottinet
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS/Université de Lyon, UMR 5672, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Crauste-Thibierge
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS/Université de Lyon, UMR 5672, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Vanel
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Rhodia-Solvay, UMR 5268, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons, Cedex, France
- Institut
Lumière Matière, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMR 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Rhodia-Solvay, UMR 5268, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delannoy
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Rhodia-Solvay, UMR 5268, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons, Cedex, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Rhodia-Solvay, UMR 5268, 85 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint Fons, Cedex, France
| | - Sergio Ciliberto
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS/Université de Lyon, UMR 5672, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
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Lin P, Liu J, Wang SQ. Delineating nature of stress responses during ductile uniaxial extension of polycarbonate glass. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of ductile polymer glasses from large extension and compression. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li X, Wang SQ. Mapping Brittle and Ductile Behaviors of Polymeric Glasses under Large Extension. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1110-1113. [PMID: 35614813 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a series of tensile extension tests on the two most common polymer glasses to describe their generic mechanical responses as a function of deformation rate at different temperatures. The essentially defect-free polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) both show remarkable re-entrant failure: being ductile at intermediate rates and showing diminishing toughness at both higher and lower rates. We draw phase diagrams to map out the relationship between brittle-like and yield-like states in terms of temperature, rate, and stress. A coherent understanding of the rich phenomenology requires us to describe in more detail the interplay between the chain network and the primary structure bonded by intersegmental van der Waals forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Morton Institutes of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Morton Institutes of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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50
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Liu J, Lin P, Cheng S, Wang W, Mays JW, Wang SQ. Polystyrene Glasses under Compression: Ductile and Brittle Responses. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1072-1076. [PMID: 35614806 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene of different molecular weights and their binary mixtures are studied in terms of their various mechanical responses to uniaxial compression at different temperatures. PS of Mw = 25 kg/mol is completely brittle until it is above its glass transition temperature Tg. In contrast, upon incorporation of a high molecular weight component, PS mixtures turn from barely ductile a few degrees below its Tg to ductile over 40° below Tg. In the upper limit, a PS of Mw = 319 kg/mol yields and undergoes plastic flow, even at T = -70 °C. The observed dependence of mechanical responses on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be adequately rationalized by the idea that yielding and plastic compression are caused by chain networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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