1
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Pawlak A, Krajenta J. Entanglements of Macromolecules and Their Influence on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polymers. Molecules 2024; 29:3410. [PMID: 39064989 PMCID: PMC11280004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible macromolecules easily become entangled with neighboring macromolecules. The resulting network determines many polymer properties, including rheological and mechanical properties. Therefore, a number of experimental and modeling studies were performed to describe the relationship between the degree of entanglement of macromolecules and polymer properties. The introduction presents general information about the entanglements of macromolecule chains, collected on the basis of studies of equilibrium entangled polymers. It is also shown how the density of entanglements can be reduced. The second chapter presents experiments and models leading to the description of the movement of a single macromolecule. The next part of the text discusses how the rheological properties change after partial disentangling of the polymer. The results on the influence of the degree of chain entanglement on mechanical properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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2
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Lo CY, Wang C. Kinetics and morphologies of syndiotactic polystyrene crystallized isothermally over a wide temperature range. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Wang G, Shi G, Yang A, Wang B, Shen C, Chen J, Reiter G, Zhang B. Determining the maximum melting temperature of polymer crystals from a change in morphology of dewetting rims. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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4
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Liang H, Yoshimoto K, Gil P, Kitabata M, Yamamoto U, de Pablo JJ. Bottom-Up Multiscale Approach to Estimate Viscoelastic Properties of Entangled Polymer Melts with High Glass Transition Temperature. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kenji Yoshimoto
- Toray Industries Inc., 3-2-1 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0842, Japan
| | - Phwey Gil
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Umi Yamamoto
- Toray Industries Inc., 3-2-1 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0842, Japan
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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5
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Liu C, Lin C, Lin C. Fabrication of large‐area linear and nonlinear surface ripple structures on polystyrene films. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Hwa Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Electro‐Mechanical Engineering TamKang University Tamsui, New Taipei P. R. China
| | - Chia‐Hong Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro‐Mechanical Engineering TamKang University Tamsui, New Taipei P. R. China
| | - Ching‐Bin Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electro‐Mechanical Engineering TamKang University Tamsui, New Taipei P. R. China
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6
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Lee J, Kim Y, Joshi SR, Kwon MS, Kim GH. Tacticity-dependent cross-plane thermal conductivity in molecularly engineered amorphous polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that not only chain extension but also torsion of repeating units and steric hindrance should be considered when designing a thermally conductive polymer by extended chain conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- South Korea
| | - Youngmu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Shalik Ram Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- South Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- South Korea
| | - Gun-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- South Korea
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7
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Mulama AA, Roumpos K, Pradipkanti L, Oduor AO, Reiter G. Rheological Properties of Blends of Isotactic Polystyrene–Isotactic Poly( para-methylstyrene) Films Derived from a Comparative Dewetting Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austine A. Mulama
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Konstantinos Roumpos
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - L. Pradipkanti
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Andrew O. Oduor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bio-inspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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8
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Arachchilage IHAM, Patel MK, Basi J, Harmon JP. Environmentally Friendly Radiation Hard
d
‐Limonene and Laccol Copolymers Synthesized via Cationic Copolymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milly K. Patel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
| | - Joseph Basi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
| | - Julie P. Harmon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
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9
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Wang W, Madsen J, Skov AL, Huang Q. Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Glassy Polystyrene by Introducing Heat-Labile Reversible Bonds. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne L. Skov
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Worch JC, Prydderch H, Jimaja S, Bexis P, Becker ML, Dove AP. Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Chandran S, Reiter G. Segmental Rearrangements Relax Stresses in Nonequilibrated Polymer Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:646-650. [PMID: 35619518 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We probed the relaxation of preparation-induced residual stresses in nonequilibrated polymer films through dewetting experiments. While we observed fast relaxations at temperatures close to or below the glass transition, at elevated temperatures these relaxation times were orders of magnitude longer than the reptation time. Intriguingly, applying appropriate scaling of preparation conditions allowed us to present all relaxation times, including published data, from various complementary experiments on a single master curve exhibiting an Arrhenius-type behavior. The corresponding activation energy (75 ± 10 kJ/mol) is similar to values obtained for the relaxation of segments in polystyrene. The observed long relaxation times suggest that residual stresses, a consequence of nonequilibrium conformations inherited from preparation, relax via concerted rearrangements of many segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasurender Chandran
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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12
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Arachchilage IHAM, Patel MK, Harmon JP. Synthesizing radiation‐hard polymer and copolymers using
laccol
monomers extracted from lacquer tree
toxicodendron succedanea
via cationic polymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milly K. Patel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
| | - Julie P. Harmon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
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13
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Chen R, Wang S, Shen X, Zhao F, Guo J. Effect of Ca 2+on viscosity and microstructure of water-soluble triblock terpolymer used as thicker in the hydraulic fracturing. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; Southwest Petroleum University; Xindu, Chengdu 610500 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; Southwest Petroleum University; Xindu, Chengdu 610500 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; Southwest Petroleum University; Xindu, Chengdu 610500 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; Southwest Petroleum University; Xindu, Chengdu 610500 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; Southwest Petroleum University; Xindu, Chengdu 610500 Sichuan People's Republic of China
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14
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Tzounis PN, Argyropoulou DV, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN. Tacticity Effect on the Conformational Properties of Polypropylene and Poly(ethylene–propylene) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dora V. Argyropoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos D. Anogiannakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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15
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Poudel P, Majumder S, Chandran S, Zhang H, Reiter G. Formation of Periodically Modulated Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
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16
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Negash S, Tatek YB, Tsige M. Effect of tacticity on the structure and glass transition temperature of polystyrene adsorbed onto solid surfaces. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Negash
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yergou B. Tatek
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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17
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Poudel P, Chandran S, Majumder S, Reiter G. Controlling Polymer Crystallization Kinetics by Sample History. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam Poudel
- Physikalisches Institut; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Sumit Majumder
- Physikalisches Institut; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität; 79104 Freiburg Germany
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18
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Ebrahimi T, Aluthge DC, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mehrkhodavandi P. Highly Active Chiral Zinc Catalysts for Immortal Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone Form Melt Processable Syndio-Rich Poly(hydroxybutyrate). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dinesh C. Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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19
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Xing W, Yang W, Yang W, Hu Q, Si J, Lu H, Yang B, Song L, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Phosphorus- and Nitrogen-Containing Agents: Effective Reinforcer for Thermal, Mechanical, and Flame-Retardant Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26266-26274. [PMID: 27652692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (A-MWCNT) were reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP-Cl) to prepare the functionalized MWCNT (DPPA-MWCNT). A-MWCNT and DPPA-MWCNT were respectively mixed with polystyrene (PS) to obtain composites through the melt compounding method. SEM observations demonstrated that the DPPA-MWCNT nanofillers were more uniformly distributed within the PS matrix than A-MWCNT. PS/DPPA-MWCNT showed improved thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength in comparison with PS/A-MWCNT, resulting from good dispersion and interfacial interactions between DPPA-MWCNT and PS matrix. The incorporation of DPPA-MWCNT to PS significantly reduced peak heat release rate, smoke production rate, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide release in cone calorimeter tests. The enhanced fire-retardant properties should be ascribed to the barrier effect of carbon nanotubes, which could provide enough time for DPPA-MWCNT and its functionalized groups to trap the degrading polymer radicals to catalyze char formation. The char layer served as an efficient insulating barrier to reduce the exposure of polymer matrix to an external heat source as well as retarding the flammable gases from feeding the flame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Si
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University , 99 Jinxiu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard K K Yuen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong People's Republic of China
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20
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Zuo B, Tian H, Liang Y, Xu H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wang X. Probing the rheological properties of supported thin polystyrene films by investigating the growth dynamics of wetting ridges. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6120-6131. [PMID: 27355155 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance in the processing of nanomaterials, the rheological behavior of thin polymer films is poorly understood, partly due to the inherent measurement challenges. Herein, we have developed a facile method for investigating the rheological behavior of supported thin polymeric films by monitoring the growth of the "wetting ridge"-a microscopic protrusion on the film surface due to the capillary forces exerted by a drop of ionic liquid placed on the film surface. It was found that the growth dynamics of the wetting ridge and the behavior of polystyrene rheology are directly linked. Important rheological properties, such as the flow temperature (Tf), viscosity (η), and terminal relaxation time (τ0) of thin polystyrene films, can be derived by studying the development of the height of the wetting ridge with time and the sample temperature. Rheological studies using the proposed approach for supported thin polystyrene (PS) films with thickness down to 20 nm demonstrate that the PS thin film exhibits facilitated flow, with reduced viscosity and lowered viscous temperature and a shortened rubbery plateau, when SiOx-Si was used as the substrate. However, sluggish flow was observed for the PS film supported by hydrogen-passivated silicon substrates (H-Si). The differences in enthalpic interactions between PS and the substrates are the reason for this divergence in the whole-chain mobility and flow ability of thin PS films deposited on SiOx-Si and H-Si surfaces. These results indicate that this approach could be a reliable rheological probe for supported thin polymeric films with different thicknesses and various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Houkuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yongfeng Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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21
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Chandran S, Reiter G. Transient Cooperative Processes in Dewetting Polymer Melts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:088301. [PMID: 26967445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.088301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compare the high velocity dewetting behavior, at elevated temperatures, of atactic polystyrene (aPS) and isotactic polystyrene (iPS) films, with the zero shear bulk viscosity (η_{bulk}) of aPS being approximately ten times larger than iPS. As expected, for aPS the apparent viscosity of the films (η_{f}) derived from high-shear dewetting is less than η_{bulk}, displaying a shear thinning behavior. Surprisingly, for iPS films, η_{f} is always larger than η_{bulk}, even at about 50 °C above the melting point, with η_{f}/η_{bulk} following an Arrhenius behavior. The corresponding activation energy of ∼160±10 kJ/mol for iPS films suggests a cooperative motion of segments which are aligned and agglomerated by fast dewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Chile LE, Mehrkhodavandi P, Hatzikiriakos SG. A Comparison of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Isotactic, Syndiotactic, and Heterotactic Poly(lactide). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Love-Ese Chile
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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23
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Ebrahimi T, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mehrkhodavandi P. Synthesis and Rheological Characterization of Star-Shaped and Linear Poly(hydroxybutyrate). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Hsu DD, Xia W, Arturo SG, Keten S. Thermomechanically Consistent and Temperature Transferable Coarse-Graining of Atactic Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven G. Arturo
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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25
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London LA, Bolton LA, Samarakoon DK, Sannigrahi BS, Wang XQ, Khan IM. Effect of polymer stereoregularity on polystyrene/single-walled carbon nanotube interactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a combination of computational and experimental studies to elucidate the effect of polymer stereoregularity on the capability of polystyrene interacting with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. London
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - L. A. Bolton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - D. K. Samarakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - B. S. Sannigrahi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - X. Q. Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - I. M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials
- Clark Atlanta University
- Atlanta
- USA
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Vielhauer M, Bodendorfer S, Lutz PJ, Friedrich C, Mülhaupt R. Isotactic Polystyrene Reactor Blends with Tailored Bimodal Molar Mass Distribution. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401770m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Vielhauer
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Bodendorfer
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre J. Lutz
- Institute Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 22, 23, rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Li Z, Liu R, Mai B, Feng S, Wu Q, Liang G, Gao H, Zhu F. Synthesis and self-assembly of isotactic polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol). Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Electrospun isotactic polystyrene nanofibers as a novel β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xue L, Kovalev A, Thöle F, Rengarajan GT, Steinhart M, Gorb SN. Tailoring normal adhesion of arrays of thermoplastic, spring-like polymer nanorods by shaping nanorod tips. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10781-8. [PMID: 22746364 DOI: 10.1021/la3020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tip shape of contact elements in hairy adhesion systems is crucial for proper contact formation and adhesion enhancement. While submicrometer terminal contact elements show much better adhesion performance than their larger counterparts, shaping their tips so as to maximize normal adhesion has remained challenging. We prepared durable nanorod arrays consisting of stiff, highly entangled thermoplastic polymers with rationally shaped tips by replication of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). Nanorod arrays with pancake-like tips showed pronounced normal dry adhesion already for small loading forces. For small loading forces, adhesion forces significantly exceeded the loading forces. Both the absence of hysteresis in force/displacement curves and the pronounced durability of the nanorods in series of repeated attachment/detachment cycles suggest that the nanorods behave like elastic springs. Experimental load-adhesion curves were reproduced with a modified Schargott-Popov-Gorb (SPG) model, assuming that contacts between probe and individual nanorods are sequentially formed with increasing indentation depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Xue
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
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