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Ponomarenko AD, Nikulova UV, Shapagin AV. Phase Equilibria and Interdiffusion in the Ternary System Epoxy Oligomer-Polysulfone-Alkyl Glycidyl Ether. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:130. [PMID: 38201795 PMCID: PMC10780338 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase equilibria, interdiffusion and structure in the initial uncured mixtures of epoxy oligomer-polysulfone-alkyl glycidyl ether were studied. Binodal curves were constructed on isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagram. Thermodynamic mixing parameters were calculated and spinodal curves were plotted. The interdiffusion coefficients of components, establishing the technological modes of mixing the components, were determined. To validate the phase diagram, the phase structure of mixtures, the composition of which at a temperature of 40 °C corresponds to heterogeneous and homogeneous regions, was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksey V. Shapagin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, bld.4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (A.D.P.); (U.V.N.)
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2
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Kim HJ, Kim H, Seo B, Lim C. Synthesis of acid anhydride‐modified flexible epoxy resins and enhancement of impact resistance in the epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Gook Kim
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Choong‐Sun Lim
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
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3
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He J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zou H, Liang M. Bi-continuous conductive network induced by in-situ phase separation in epoxy composites with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performance. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Morphology, thermal and mechanical performance of epoxy/polysulfone composites improved by curing with two different aromatic diamines. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Ling Q, Lu X, Fang Q, Sun F. Rheology, morphological evolution, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy modified with polysulfone and cellulose nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Qiuhui Ling
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Xueting Lu
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Qun Fang
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Fangli Sun
- School of Engineering, and Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency UtilizationZhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
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6
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Wang X, Li W, Zhang Z, Chen K, Gan W. Selective localization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy/polyetherimide system and properties of the conductive composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620 China
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7
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Zhou G, Wang W, Peng M. Molecular-level dispersion of rigid-rod sulfonated aromatic polyamides in epoxy resin for extraordinary improvement in both strength and toughness. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Dasmahapatra AK. Effect of Composition Asymmetry on the Phase Separation and Crystallization in Double Crystalline Binary Polymer Blends: A Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5853-5866. [PMID: 28535355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer blends offer an exciting material for various potential applications due to their tunable properties by varying constituting components and their relative composition. Our simulation results unravel an intrinsic relationship between crystallization behavior and composition asymmetry. We report simulation results for nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization with weak and strong segregation strength to elucidate the composition dependent crystallization behavior. With increasing composition of low melting B-polymer, macrophase separation temperature changes nonmonotonically, which is attributed to the nonmonotonic change in diffusivity of both polymers. In weak segregation strength, however, at high enough composition of B-polymer, A-polymer yields relatively thicker crystals, which is attributed to the dilution effect exhibited by B-polymer. When B-polymer composition is high enough, it acts like a "solvent" while A-polymer crystallizes. Under this situation, A-polymer segments become more mobile and less facile to crystallize. As a result, A-polymer crystallizes at a relatively low temperature with the formation of thicker crystals. At strong segregation strength, the dilution effect is accompanied by the strong A-B repulsive interaction, which is reflected in a nonmonotonic trend of the mean square radius of gyration with the increasing composition of the B-polymer. Isothermal crystallization also reveals a strong nonmonotonic relationship between composition and crystallization behavior. Two-step, compared to one-step, isothermal crystallization yields better crystals for both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
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9
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Zhang S, Ren Z, Sun X, Li H, Yan S. Effects of Composition and Melting Time on the Phase Separation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(propylene carbonate) Blend Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1202-1209. [PMID: 28128568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of composition and melting time on the phase separation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PHB/PPC) blend thin films was investigated. Optical microscopy under phase contrast confirms the occurrence of phase separation of PHB/PPC blends at 190 °C. Polarized optical and scanning electron microscopies (POM and SEM) demonstrate that phase separation takes place along both horizontal and vertical film planes, which should be attributed to the two different interfaces and immiscible blends. A low PPC content (e.g. 30 wt %) results in the formation of compact PHB spherulites filling the whole space, whereas the noncrystallizable PPC spherical microdomains scatter in the PHB region, and their size shows a remarkable melting-time dependence. With the increasing PPC component and melting time, it is observed from POM that the separated PHB domains scattered in the continuous PPC phase, like the island structure. However, it can be revealed by SEM micrographs that the PHB thick domains are actually connected by its thin layer under the PPC layer. The real situation is, therefore, a large amount of PPC aggregates to the surface to form a network uplayer, whereas the PHB thick domains connected by its thin layer form a continuous PHB region, leading to a superimposed bilayer structure. There is also a small amount of PHB small domains scattered in the PHB phase. The PHB thick domains crystallize cooperatively with the PHB- or PHB-rich sublayer in a way just like the growth of pure PHB spherulites. This superimposed bilayer by interplay between phase separation and crystallization may provide availability to tailor the final structure and properties of crystalline/amorphous polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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10
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Lobanov MV, Gulyaev AI, Babin AN. Improvement of the impact and crack resistance of epoxy thermosets and thermoset-based composites with the use of thermoplastics as modifiers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Liu W, Zhao S, Liu X, Dong X, Han CC. Rheological behavior of the epoxy/thermoplastic blends during the reaction induced phase separation. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Hara A, Inoue R, Takahashi N, Nishida K, Kanaya T. Trajectory of Critical Point in Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation of Epoxy/Oligoethylene Glycol Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5009258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Koji Nishida
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiji Kanaya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
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13
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He Z, Shi W, Chen F, Liu W, Liang Y, Han CC. Effective Morphology Control in an Immiscible Crystalline/Crystalline Blend by Artificially Selected Viscoelastic Phase Separation Pathways. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, P. R. China
| | - Charles C. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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14
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Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang H, Li T, Liu Z, Yu Y. Dual effects of mesoscopic fillers on the polyethersulfone modified cyanate ester: enhanced viscoelastic effect and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarging the filler content and decreasing the filler size contribute to enhancing both viscoelastic effect and mechanical property of polyethersulfone modified cyanate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
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15
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Gu C, Gu H, Lang M. Molecular Simulation to Predict Miscibility and Phase Separation Behavior of Chitosan/Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) Binary Blends: A Comparison with Experiments. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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16
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ran Q, Zhu R, Gu Y. Reaction induced phase separation in a bisphenol A-aniline benzoxazine/N,N′-(2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diyl)bis(maleimide)/imidazole blend: the effect of initial curing temperature on morphology and properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40868j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Shi W, Chen F, Zhang Y, Han CC. Viscoelastic Phase Separation and Interface Assisted Crystallization in a Highly Immiscible iPP/PMMA Blend. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1086-1089. [PMID: 35607043 DOI: 10.1021/mz300312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer blends with dynamic asymmetry have attracted much interest recently. In this study, we report a more typical case where the dynamically asymmetric system is highly immiscible. We find that there is a transient network growth and phase inversion for the slow minor component. The network structure shows a hierarchical growth behavior, which is the result of competition between a slow relaxation-controlled concentration growth on local scale and a fast hydrodynamic growth on large scale. When phase separation couples with a subsequent crystallization, the interfacial boundary may assist lateral crystallization and irregular spherulites would grow epitaxially around the amorphous component-rich domains. The interface may play the role of substrates for heterogeneous nucleation. These phenomena may help us with morphological control in material processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Liu Y, Zhong X, Zhan G, Yu Y, Jin J. Effect of Mesoscopic Fillers on the Polymerization Induced Viscoelastic Phase Separation at Near- and Off-Critical Compositions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3671-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guozhu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianyong Jin
- Polymer Innovations Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Li Z, Han CC. Ubiquitous nature of the three-layered structure formation in the asymmetric phase separation of the epoxy/thermoplastic blends. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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