1
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Zayakin I, Tretyakov E, Akyeva A, Syroeshkin M, Burykina J, Dmitrenok A, Korlyukov A, Nasyrova D, Bagryanskaya I, Stass D, Ananikov V. Overclocking Nitronyl Nitroxide Gold Derivatives in Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203118. [PMID: 36259387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitronyl nitroxides are functional building blocks in cutting-edge research fields, such as the design of molecular magnets, the development of redox and photoswitchable molecular systems and the creation of redox-active components for organic and hybrid batteries. The key importance of the nitronyl nitroxide function is to translate molecular-level-optimized structures into nano-scale devices and new technologies. In spite of great importance, efficient and versatile synthetic approaches to these compounds still represent a challenge. Particularly, methods for the direct introduction of a nitronyl nitroxide moiety into aromatic systems possess many limitations. Here, we report gold derivatives of nitronyl nitroxide that can enter Pd(0)-catalysed cross-coupling reactions with various aryl bromides, affording the corresponding functionalized nitronyl nitroxides. Based on the high thermal stability and enhanced reactivity in catalytic transformation, a new reagent is suggested for the synthesis of radical systems via a universal cross-coupling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zayakin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Tretyakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Akyeva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Burykina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina Nasyrova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Akad. Lavrentyev Prosp., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitri Stass
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentine Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Wei J, Yang Y, Liu X, Li R, Li S. 2,3‐Disubstituted Fluorene Scaffold for Efficient Green Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200756. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Wei
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Jian Yang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Liu
- WISPO Advanced Materials (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. 200 Xingpu Road, Shengpu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) Suzhou 215126 P. R. China
| | - Runlai Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐an Li
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
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3
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Chew KW, Abdul Rahim NA, Teh PL, Abdul Hisam NS, Alias SS. Thermal Degradation of Photoluminescence Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Solvent-Tuned Aggregate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081615. [PMID: 35458365 PMCID: PMC9029415 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of the green emission spectrum during the decomposition of polyfluorenes (PFs) has impeded the development and commercialization of the materials. Herein, we constructed a solvent-tuned aggregated PFO film with the aim of retarding the material’s thermal degradation behavior which causes a significant decline in optical properties as a result of phase transformation. The tuning of the aggregate amount and distribution was executed by applying a poor alcohol-based solvent in chloroform. It emerges that at a lower boiling point methanol evaporates quickly, limiting the aggregate propagation in the film which gives rise to a more transparent film. Furthermore, because of the modulated β-phase conformation, the absorption spectra of PFO films were red-shifted and broadened. The increase in methanol percentage also led to a rise in β-phase percentage. As for the thermal degradation reactions, both pristine and aggregated PFO films exhibited apparent changes in the UV-Vis spectra and PL spectra. In addition, a 97:3 (chloroform:methanol) aggregated PFO film showed a more defined emission spectrum, which demonstrates that the existence of β-phase is able to suppress the unwanted green emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei Chew
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pei Leng Teh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nurfatin Syafiqah Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Siti Salwa Alias
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group (AOMRG), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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4
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Liu M, Shi X, Li L, Zhang J, Huang Z, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Synthesis of Discrete Conjugated Fluorene‐Azo Oligomers for the Investigation of Azobenzene Position‐Dependent Physical Properties and Photoresponsive Behavior. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xianheng Shi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lishan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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5
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Effects of Different Eelectron-withdrawing Moieties on the General Photoelectric Properties of Fluorene-based Dimers. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Pan J, Jia Z, Chang Y, Hu Y, Zhang G, Agbolaghi S. Manipulation of PBDT-DTNT:PCBM photoactive layers for a stability increment by core–shell and core–mantle–shell supramolecules. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of core–shell and core–mantle–shell supramolecules were designed based on grafted-CNTs and PBDT-DTNT chains and employed in the active layers of PBDT-DTNT:PC71BM solar cells to stabilize morphology and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Taiyuan University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Zhe Jia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Taiyuan University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Yuhong Chang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Taiyuan University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
- Taiyuan University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering
- Taiyuan University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
- Tabriz
- Iran
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7
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Magnin G, Clifton J, Schoenebeck F. A General and Air-tolerant Strategy to Conjugated Polymers within Seconds under Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10179-10183. [PMID: 31112626 PMCID: PMC6771708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While current M0 /MII based polymerization strategies largely focus on fine-tuning the catalyst, reagents and conditions for each and every monomer, this report discloses a single method that allows access to a variety of different conjugated polymers within seconds at room temperature. Key to this privileged reactivity is an air- and moisture stable dinuclear PdI catalyst. The method is operationally simple, robust and tolerant to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Jamie Clifton
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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8
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Magnin G, Clifton J, Schoenebeck F. A General and Air‐tolerant Strategy to Conjugated Polymers within Seconds under Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jamie Clifton
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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Jin G, Lian S, Pan Y, Wu Z, Hu D, Mo Y, Liu L, Xie Z, Ma Y. Effect of side chains on color purities of mono-triphenylamine-functionalized polyspirobifluorenes for pure blue polymer light-emitting diodes. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large and rigid substituents may facilitate the improvement of the color purity of polyfluorenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Shaoshan Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yajuan Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zilong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dehua Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yueqi Mo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - LinLin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Device
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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10
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Lee S, Seo J, Kim H, Song DI, Kim Y. Investigation of short-term stability in high efficiency polymer : nonfullerene solar cells via quick current-voltage cycling method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Ma D, Shi G, Wu Z, Ji X, Zhang Y. Synthesis of 9,9-Disubstituted Fluorenes from 2-Iodobiphenyls and α-Diazoesters under Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1065-1072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- School of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and
Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Shi
- School of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and
Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- School of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and
Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- School of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and
Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and
Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison J. Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Ding J, Li H, Xie Y, Peng Q, Li Q, Li Z. Reaction-based conjugated polymer fluorescent probe for mercury(ii): good sensing performance with “turn-on” signal output. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on a Hg2+-promoted deprotection reaction of dithioacetal, the conjugated polymer PDT showed high sensitivity with the detection limit of 1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 and 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 in solution and as test strips, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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14
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Luck KA, Arnold HN, Shastry TA, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Suppression of Polyfluorene Photo-Oxidative Degradation via Encapsulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4223-4229. [PMID: 27723986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorenes have achieved noteworthy performance in organic electronic devices but exhibit undesired green band emission under photo-oxidative conditions that have limited their broad utility in optoelectronic applications. In addition, polyfluorenes are well-known dispersants of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), although the influence of SWCNTs on polyfluorene photo-oxidative stability has not yet been defined. Here we quantitatively explore the photophysical properties of poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) under photo-oxidative conditions when it is in van der Waals contact with SWCNTs. Photoluminescence spectroscopy tracks the spectral evolution of the polymer emission following ambient ultraviolet (UV) exposure, confirming that PFN exhibits green band emission. In marked contrast, PFN-wrapped SWCNTs possess high spectral stability without green band emission under the same ambient UV exposure conditions. By investigating a series of PFN thin films as a function of SWCNT content, it is shown that SWCNT loadings as low as ∼23 wt % suppress photo-oxidative degradation. These findings suggest that PFN-SWCNT composites provide an effective pathway toward utilizing polyfluorenes in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Luck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Heather N Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tejas A Shastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Kobin B, Behren S, Braun-Cula B, Hecht S. Photochemical Degradation of Various Bridge-Substituted Fluorene-Based Materials. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5474-80. [PMID: 27404657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical degradation is an important issue to be overcome in advancing the lifetime of fluorene-containing conjugated polymers. In order to optimize the inertness of the materials, a quantitative measure for the efficiency of degradation is needed. Here, we introduce a method to measure a relative quantum yield of the photochemical degradation by monitoring the kinetics of the process by means of UV/vis spectroscopy and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. This method is employed to a set of differently substituted 2,7-diphenylfluorenes, serving as model compounds for polyfluorene materials. Our measurements show that the quantum yield changes by orders of magnitude upon varying the bridge substituents and that altered kinetics indicate changing degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kobin
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Behren
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Braun-Cula
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Abstract
This review highlights the factors limiting the stability of organic solar cells and recent developments in strategies to increase the stability of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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17
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Li Z, Wu F, Lv H, Yang D, Chen Z, Zhao X, Yang X. Side-Chain Engineering for Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6999-7003. [PMID: 26426930 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy of engineering side chains is proposed for enhancing solar-cell-device thermal stability. As the conjugated length of the side chains increases, the morphological stability of the blend film is enhanced. The thermal stability of corresponding devices is consequently improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dalei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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18
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Wang J, Li K, Yuan C, Jin K, Tian S, Sun J, Fang Q. Variable Polymer Properties Driven by Substituent Groups: Investigation on a Trifluorovinylether-Functionalized Polyfluorene at the C-9 Position. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Kaikai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Song Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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19
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Turkovic V, Engmann S, Tsierkezos N, Hoppe H, Ritter U, Gobsch G. Long-term stabilization of organic solar cells using hindered phenols as additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18525-18537. [PMID: 25279719 DOI: 10.1021/am5024989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the improvement of long-term stability of organic solar cells (OPV) using hindered phenol based antioxidants as stabilizing additives. A set of seven commercially available hindered phenols are investigated for use in bulk-heterojunction OPV. Polymer:fullerene films based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are characterized with respect to the initial power conversion efficiency and the long-term stability improvement under illumination in ambient conditions. FTIR spectroscopy is used to trace chemical degradation over time. OPV performance is recorded under ISOS-3 conditions, and an improved long-term performance of OPV devices, manifested in increased accumulated power generation (APG), is found for octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. Using this additive, APG is increased by a factor of 3 compared to the reference. Observed differences in the stabilization of tested additives are discussed in terms of energetic trap states formation within the HOMO/LUMO gap of the photoactive material, morphological changes, and chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Turkovic
- Institute of Physics and Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Ilmenau University of Technology , 98683 Ilmenau, Germany
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20
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Feng CN, Hsieh YC, Wu YT. Metal-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Useful Synthetic Tools for the Preparation of Polycyclic Arenes. CHEM REC 2014; 15:266-79. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ning Feng
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
| | - Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
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21
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Zhou P, Zhong C, Chen X, Qin J, Mariz I, Maçôas E. New Kind of Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymers Containing Alkyl-Modified 2,4,6-Tris(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine Unit for Enhancing Two-Photon Absorption. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500914v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Hubei
Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei
Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- Hubei
Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingui Qin
- Hubei
Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Inês Mariz
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (IN), Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (IN), Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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Grisorio R, De Marco L, Agosta R, Iacobellis R, Giannuzzi R, Manca M, Mastrorilli P, Gigli G, Suranna GP. Enhancing dye-sensitized solar cell performances by molecular engineering: highly efficient π-extended organic sensitizers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:2659-2669. [PMID: 25056642 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of two π-extended organic sensitizers (G1 and G2) for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells. The materials are designed with a D-A-π-A structure constituted by i) a triarylamine group as the donor part, ii) a dithienyl-benzothiadiazole chromophore followed by iii) a further ethynylene-thiophene (G1) or ethynylene-benzene (G2) π-spacer and iv) a cyano-acrylic moiety as acceptor and anchoring part. An unusual structural extension of the π-bridge characterizes these structures. The so-configured sensitizers exhibit a broad absorption profile, the origin of which is supported by density functional theory. The absence of hypsochromic shifts as a consequence of deprotonation as well as notable optical and electrochemical stabilities are also observed. Concerning the performances in devices, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the structural modification of the π-spacer mainly increases the electron lifetime of G2 with respect to G1. In devices, this feature translates into a superior power conversion efficiency of G2, reaching 8.1%. These results are comparable to those recorded for N719 and are higher with respect to literature congeners, supporting further structural engineering of the π-bridge extension in the search for better performing π-extended organic sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grisorio
- DICATECh-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona, 4 I-70125 Bari (Italy)
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23
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Quites FJ, Faria GC, Germino JC, Atvars TDZ. Tuning Emission Colors from Blue to Green in Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated using Polyfluorene Blends. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10380-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503819u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Júnior Quites
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, POB. 6154, Campinas, 13084-971 SP, Brazil
| | - Gregório Couto Faria
- Instituto de Física
de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, POB. 369, São Carlos, 13560-970 SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Germino
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, POB. 6154, Campinas, 13084-971 SP, Brazil
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24
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Chi H, Lim SL, Wang F, Wang X, He C, Chin WS. Pure Blue-Light Emissive Poly(oligofluorenes) with Bifunctional POSS in the Main Chain. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:801-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Siew Lay Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
| | - Fuke Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; A-STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); 3 Research Link Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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25
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Adachi T, Vogelsang J, Lupton JM. Unraveling the Electronic Heterogeneity of Charge Traps in Conjugated Polymers by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:573-577. [PMID: 26276611 DOI: 10.1021/jz402621y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge trapping is taken for granted in modeling the characteristics of organic semiconductor devices, but very few techniques actually exist to spectroscopically pinpoint trap states. For example, trap levels are often assumed to be discrete in energy. Using the well-known keto defect in polyfluorene as a model, we demonstrate how single-molecule spectroscopy can directly track the formation of charge and exciton traps in conjugated polymers in real time, providing crucial information on the energetic distribution of trap sites relative to the polymer optical gap. Charge traps with universal spectral fingerprints scatter by almost 1 eV in depth, implying that substantial heterogeneity must be taken into account when modeling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Adachi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Wang Y, Sun J, Jin K, Wang J, Yuan C, Tong J, Diao S, He F, Fang Q. Benzocyclobutene resin with fluorene backbone: a novel thermosetting material with high thermostability and low dielectric constant. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new benzocyclobutene monomer with a fluorene backbone was synthesized, which can be thermally converted to a cross-linked network with low dielectric constant and high thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Kaikai Jin
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiawei Tong
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shen Diao
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Fengkai He
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, PR China
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27
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Grisorio R, Suranna GP, Mastrorilli P, Allegretta G, Loiudice A, Rizzo A, Gigli G, Manoli K, Magliulo M, Torsi L. All-donor poly(arylene-ethynylene)s containing anthracene and silole-based units: Synthesis, electronic, and photovoltaic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grisorio
- DICATECh: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Polytechnic of Bari, Campus Universitario; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- DICATECh: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Polytechnic of Bari, Campus Universitario; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- DICATECh: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile; Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica, Polytechnic of Bari, Campus Universitario; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR); via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Giovanni Allegretta
- Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari; Dipartimento di Chimica; via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Anna Loiudice
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”; Università del Salento; via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- CBN - Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies; Italian Institute of Technology - Energy Platform; via Barsanti sn-73010 Arnesano (LE) Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CBN - Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies; Italian Institute of Technology - Energy Platform; via Barsanti sn-73010 Arnesano (LE) Italy
- NNL CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, c/o Distretto Tecnologico; via per Arnesano km 5 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”; Università del Salento; via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- CBN - Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies; Italian Institute of Technology - Energy Platform; via Barsanti sn-73010 Arnesano (LE) Italy
- NNL CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, c/o Distretto Tecnologico; via per Arnesano km 5 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Kyriaki Manoli
- Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari; Dipartimento di Chimica; via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Magliulo
- Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari; Dipartimento di Chimica; via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro” di Bari; Dipartimento di Chimica; via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
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28
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Bundgaard E, Helgesen M, Carlé JE, Krebs FC, Jørgensen M. Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Thangthong AM, Prachumrak N, Namuangruk S, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Biphenyl Functionalized 9,9-Bis(4-diphenylaminophenyl)fluorenes as Bifunctional Materials for Organic Electroluminescent Devices. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Yeo H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Isolation of π-conjugated system through polyfluorene from electronic coupling with side-chain substituents by cardo structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Jung EA, Park YT. Synthesis and Photoelectronic Properties of Thermally Stable Poly[oxy(2,7-fluoren-9-onenylene)oxy(diorganosilylene)]s. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Chen JJ, Onogi S, Hsieh YC, Hsiao CC, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H, Wu YT. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Methylene-Bridged Polyarenes: Synthesis and Structures of 9-Arylfluorene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Jørgensen M, Norrman K, Gevorgyan SA, Tromholt T, Andreasen B, Krebs FC. Stability of polymer solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:580-612. [PMID: 22213056 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) evolve in an exponential manner in the two key areas of efficiency and stability. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has in the last decade been increased by almost a factor of ten approaching 10%. A main concern has been the stability that was previously measured in minutes, but can now, in favorable circumstances, exceed many thousands of hours. This astonishing achievement is the subject of this article, which reviews the developments in stability/degradation of OPVs in the last five years. This progress has been gained by several developments, such as inverted device structures of the bulk heterojunction geometry device, which allows for more stable metal electrodes, the choice of more photostable active materials, the introduction of interfacial layers, and roll-to-roll fabrication, which promises fast and cheap production methods while creating its own challenges in terms of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Jørgensen
- Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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