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Neu J, Ding K, Liu S, Ade H, Xu J, You W. Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400171. [PMID: 38483261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their promising application in rollable display screens, wearable devices, implantable devices, and other electronic applications. In particular, conjugated polymers are favored for flexible electronics due to their mechanical flexibility and potential for solution-processed fabrication techniques, such as blade-coating, roll-to-roll printing, and high-throughput printing allowing for high-performance transistor devices. Thiophene is the prevailing conjugated unit to construct these conjugated polymers due to its favorable electronic properties. On the other hand, furans are among the few conjugated moieties that are easily derived from bio renewable resources. To promote sustainability, we selectively introduced furan into the conjugated backbone of a high-mobility polymer scaffold and systematically studied the effect on the microstructure and charge transport. We show that partially and selectively replacing thiophene units with furan can yield nearly comparable performance compared to the all-thiophene polymer. This strategy offers an improvement in the sustainability of the polymer by incorporating bio-sourced furan without sacrificing the high-performance characteristics. Meanwhile, polymers with incorrect or complete furan incorporation show reduced mobilities. This work serves to develop coherent structure-morphology-performance relationships; such knowledge will establish guidelines for the future development of sustainable, furan-based conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Neu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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2
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Lin T, Hai Y, Luo Y, Feng L, Jia T, Wu J, Ma R, Dela Peña TA, Li Y, Xing Z, Li M, Wang M, Xiao B, Wong KS, Liu S, Li G. Isomerization of Benzothiadiazole Yields a Promising Polymer Donor and Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.0. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312311. [PMID: 38305577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of high-performance and low-cost wide-bandgap polymer donors remains critical to achieve high-efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) beyond current thresholds. Herein, the 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (iBT), which is an isomer of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), is used to design wide-bandgap polymer donor PiBT. The PiBT-based solar cells reach efficiency of 19.0%, which is one of the highest efficiencies in binary OSCs. Systemic studies show that isomerization of BT to iBT can finely regulate the polymers' photoelectric properties including i) increasing the extinction coefficient and photon harvest, ii) downshifting the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, iii) improving the coplanarity of polymer backbones, iv) offering good thermodynamic miscibility with acceptors. Consequently, the PiBT:Y6 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device simultaneously reaches advantageous nanoscale morphology, efficient exciton generation and dissociation, fast charge transportation, and suppressed charge recombination, leading to larger VOC of 0.87 V, higher JSC of 28.2 mA cm-2, greater fill factor of 77.3%, and thus higher efficiency of 19.0%, while the analog-PBT-based OSCs reach efficiency of only 12.9%. Moreover, the key intermediate iBT can be easily afforded from industry chemicals via two-step procedure. Overall, this contribution highlights that iBT is a promising motif for designing high-performance polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Yulong Hai
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yongmin Luo
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Lingwei Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Jia
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zengshan Xing
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University (JHUN), Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shengjian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Electronic Chemicals for Integrated Circuit Packaging, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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3
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Dorlus TA, Roy JK, Leszczynski J. Designing Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Based Conjugated Polymers for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A DFT/TDDFT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1580. [PMID: 38611860 PMCID: PMC11013080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Clean and renewable energy development is becoming frontier research for future energy resources, as renewable energy offers sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Among various renewable energy sources, tremendous progress has been made in converting solar energy to electric energy by developing efficient organic photovoltaics. Organic photovoltaic materials comprising conjugated polymers (CP) with narrow optical energy gaps are promising candidates for developing sustainable sources due to their potentially lower manufacturing costs. Organic semiconductor materials with a high electron affinity are required for many optoelectronic applications. We have designed a series of organic semiconductors comprised of cyclopentadithiophene as a donor and thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TQ) as an acceptor, varying the π-conjugation and TQ-derivatives. We have employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to evaluate the designed CP's optoelectronic properties, such as optical energy gap, dipole moment, and absorption spectra. Our DFT/TDDFT result shows that the energy gap of CPs is lowered and redshifted in the absorption spectra if there is no insertion of conjugation units such as thiophene and selenophene between donor and acceptor. In addition, selenophene shows relatively better redshift behavior compared to thiophene. Our work also provides rational insight into designing donor/acceptor-based CPs for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Dorlus
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
| | - Juganta K. Roy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
- Clean Energy Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
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Riera-Galindo S, Sanz-Lleó M, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Ramos N, Mas-Torrent M, Martín J, López-Mir L, Campoy-Quiles M. High Polymer Molecular Weight Yields Solar Cells with Simultaneously Improved Performance and Thermal Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311735. [PMID: 38279561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Simple synthetic routes, high active layer thickness tolerance as well as stable organic solar cells are relentlessly pursued as key enabling traits for the upscaling of organic photovoltaics. Here, the potential to address these issues by tuning donor polymer molecular weight is investigated. Specifically, the focus is on PTQ10, a polymer with low synthetic complexity, with number average molecular weights of 2.4, 6.2, 16.8, 52.9, and 54.4 kDa, in combination with three different non-fullerene acceptors, namely Y6, Y12, and IDIC. Molecular weight, indeed, unlocks a threefold increase in power conversion efficiency for these blends. Importantly, efficiencies above 10% for blade coated devices with thicknesses between 200 and 350 nm for blends incorporating high molecular weight donor are shown. Spectroscopic, GIWAXS and charge carrier mobility data suggest that the strong photocurrent improvement with molecular weight is related to both, improved electronic transport and polymer contribution to exciton generation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that solar cells based on high molecular weight PTQ10 are more thermally stable due to a higher glass transition temperature, thus also improving device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Riera-Galindo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Lleó
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unit of Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices, Av. d'Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró, 08302, Spain
| | - Edgar Gutiérrez-Fernández
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Nicolás Ramos
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Esteiro, Ferrol, 15403, Spain
| | - Laura López-Mir
- Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unit of Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices, Av. d'Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró, 08302, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Blaskovits JT, Laplaza R, Vela S, Corminboeuf C. Data-Driven Discovery of Organic Electronic Materials Enabled by Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305602. [PMID: 37815223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The high-throughput exploration and screening of molecules for organic electronics involves either a 'top-down' curation and mining of existing repositories, or a 'bottom-up' assembly of user-defined fragments based on known synthetic templates. Both are time-consuming approaches requiring significant resources to compute electronic properties accurately. Here, 'top-down' is combined with 'bottom-up' through automatic assembly and statistical models, thus providing a platform for the fragment-based discovery of organic electronic materials. This study generates a top-down set of 117K synthesized molecules containing structures, electronic and topological properties and chemical composition, and uses them as building blocks for bottom-up design. A tool is developed to automate the coupling of these building blocks at their C(sp2/sp)-H bonds, providing a fundamental link between the two dataset construction philosophies. Statistical models are trained on this dataset and a subset of resulting top-down/bottom-up compounds, enabling on-the-fly prediction of ground and excited state properties with high accuracy across organic compound space. With access to ab initio-quality optical properties, this bottom-up pipeline may be applied to any materials design campaign using existing compounds as building blocks. To illustrate this, over a million molecules are screened for singlet fission. tThe leading candidates provide insight into the features promoting this multiexciton-generating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Terence Blaskovits
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research "Sustainable chemical processes through catalysis (NCCR Catalysis)" École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Vela
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (NCCR MARVEL),Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedéralé de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research "Sustainable chemical processes through catalysis (NCCR Catalysis)" École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (NCCR MARVEL),Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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6
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Zaier R, Martel A, Antosiewicz TJ. Effect of Benzothiadiazole-Based π-Spacers on Fine-Tuning of Optoelectronic Properties of Oligothiophene-Core Donor Materials for Efficient Organic Solar Cells: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10555-10569. [PMID: 38086177 PMCID: PMC10749456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, five novel A-π-D-π-A type molecules D1-D5 were designed by adding unusual benzothiadiazole derivatives as π-spacer blocks to the efficient reference molecule DRCN5T for application as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). Based on a density functional theory approach, a comprehensive theoretical study was performed with different functionals (B3LYP, B3LYP-GD3, B3LYP-GD3BJ, CAM-B3LYP, M06, M062X, and wB97XD) and with different solvent types (PCM and SMD) at the extended basis set 6-311+g(d,p) to evaluate the structural, optoelectronic, and intramolecular charge transfer properties of these molecules. The B3LYP-GD3BJ hybrid functional was used to optimize the studied molecules in CHCl3 solution with the SMD model solvent as it provided the best results compared to experimental data. Transition density matrix maps were simulated to examine the hole-electron localization and the electronic excitation processes in the excited state, and photovoltaic parameters including open-circuit photovoltage and fill factor were investigated to predict the efficiency of these materials. All the designed materials showed promising optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics, and for most of them, a red shift. Out of the proposed molecules, [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine was selected as a promising π-spacer block to evaluate its interaction with PC61BM in a composite to understand the charge transfer between the donor and acceptor subparts. Overall, this study showed that adding π-spacer building blocks to the molecular structure is undoubtedly a potential strategy to further enhance the performance of donor materials for OSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Zaier
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS-Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex Le Mans, France
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El Mhamedi I, El Malki Z, El Karkri A, Bouachrine M. Analysis molecular design of novel D-A-Di-A-D conjugated compounds for high-efficiency organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2023; 29:324. [PMID: 37743439 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The work described in this section uses DFT/TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) (density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory) to study and simulate the structural, optoelectronic, and optical properties of a series of conjugated compounds based on a modular D-A-Di-A-D architecture. These compounds integrate the D donor unit (carbazole), the A acceptor unit (benzothiadiazole) and various Di donor units. Using AMPS-1D (analysis of micronic structure and photonics), work has been carried out to evaluate the photovoltaic performance of these conjugated compounds in the context of organic solar cells. The compounds show variable performance in terms of energy conversion efficiency, ranging from 7.11 to 11.70%. The addition of a PEDOT layer between the active layer and the anode results in a significant improvement in photovoltaic performance, with energy conversion efficiencies of up to 15.31%, the highest value achieved. The use of ZnO as an intermediate layer remarkably improves photovoltaic performance for all compounds, with notable energy conversion efficiencies reaching 17.13%, 17.20%, and 18%. All in all, the compounds studied present promising prospects as viable candidates for organic block heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell applications. METHODS DFT/TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p), these acronyms stand for the computational methods used to study the properties of compounds. DFT, for "Density Functional Theory", is a quantum computation method used to describe the electronic and structural properties of molecular systems. TD-DFT, for "Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory", is an extension of DFT that allows the treatment of optical and excitation properties. B3LYP is a density functional frequently used in DFT to calculate molecular properties. In addition, 6-31G (d,p) refers to a basic wave function used to approximate the distribution of electrons in molecules. AMPS-1D, or "Analysis of Micro and Photonic Structure", is a modeling tool for studying the photovoltaic properties of multilayer structures, particularly in the context of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane El Mhamedi
- High School of Technology, (ESTM), Modeling, Materials and Systems Control (MMSC), Computer Engineering and Intelligent Electrical Systems (2ISEI), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Zakaria El Malki
- High School of Technology, (ESTM), Modeling, Materials and Systems Control (MMSC), Computer Engineering and Intelligent Electrical Systems (2ISEI), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Anass El Karkri
- High School of Technology, (ESTM), Modeling, Materials and Systems Control (MMSC), Computer Engineering and Intelligent Electrical Systems (2ISEI), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- MCNS Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes and EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Das PK, Dhawan A. Plasmonic enhancement of photovoltaic characteristics of organic solar cells by employing parabola nanostructures at the back of the solar cell. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26780-26792. [PMID: 37681038 PMCID: PMC10481644 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the enhanced performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) comprising low band gap photoactive layers (PMDPP3T:PC70BM) and 2-dimensional (2D) arrays of either Ag nano-spheres, nano-hemispheres, or nano-parabolas embedded at the back of the OSCs. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were performed to compare the performance of the OSCs containing the different plasmonic nanostructures, in terms of optical absorption, short circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The results demonstrate that single junction OSCs consisting of this new active layer polymer (PMDPP3T), blended with PC70BM, and plasmonic nanostructures at the back of the OSC can enhance the optical absorption in the visible and the NIR region. We demonstrate that the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles embedded at the back of OSCs is a vital parameter for light absorption enhancement. It is observed that the performance in terms of JSC and PCE enhancement of OSC having 2D arrays of Ag nano-parabola at the back of the solar cell improved by 26.41% and 26.37%, respectively, compared to a planar OSC. The enhancement in photon absorption can be attributed due to the enhancement of light scattering from metallic nanostructures near their localized plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Das
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anuj Dhawan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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Sugita H, Kamigawara T, Miyazaki S, Shimada R, Katoh T, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Intramolecular Palladium Catalyst Transfer on Benzoheterodiazoles as Acceptor Monomers and Discovery of Catalyst Transfer Inhibitors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301242. [PMID: 37302983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular catalyst transfer on benzoheterodiazoles was investigated in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and polymerization reactions with t Bu3 PPd precatalyst. In the coupling reactions of dibromobenzotriazole, dibromobenzoxazole, and dibromobenzothiadiazole with pinacol phenylboronate, the product ratios of monosubstituted product to disubstituted product were 0/100, 27/73, and 89/11, respectively, indicating that the Pd catalyst undergoes intramolecular catalyst transfer on dibromobenzotriazole, whereas intermolecular transfer occurs in part in the case of dibromobenzoxazole and is predominant for dibromobenzothiadiazole. The polycondensation of 1.3 equivalents of dibromobenzotriazole with 1.0 equivalent of para- and meta-phenylenediboronates afforded high-molecular-weight polymer and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzoxazole, however, para- and meta-phenylenediboronates afforded moderate-molecular-weight polymer with bromine at both ends and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzothiadiazole, they afforded low-molecular-weight polymers with bromine at both ends. Addition of benzothiadiazole derivatives interfered with catalyst transfer in the coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sugita
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takeru Kamigawara
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Sou Miyazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Shimada
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Katoh
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
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Cao FY, Huang CL, Cheng TY, Cheng HJ, Wu TK, Cheng YJ. Solution-Processable Donor–Acceptor Copolymer Thin Films for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:468-474. [PMID: 36971302 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been actively utilized as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution due to their easy synthetic tunability to endow specific functionalities, including visible-light absorption, higher-lying LUMO energy for proton reduction, and sufficient photochemical stability. Enhancing interfacial surface and compatibility of hydrophobic CPs with hydrophilic water is the central focus to improve the hydrogen evolution rate (HER). Although a number of successful approaches have been developed in recent years, tedious chemical modifications or post-treatment of CPs make reproducibility of the materials difficult. In this work, a solution processable PBDB-T polymer is directly deposited on a glass substrate to form a thin film that is immersed in an aqueous solution to photochemically catalyze H2 generation. The PBDB-T thin film showed a much higher hydrogen evolution rate (HER) than the typical method of using PBDB-T suspended solids due to the enhanced interfacial area with a more suitable solid-state morphology. When the thickness of the thin film is reduced to dramatically improve the utilization of the photocatalytic material, the 0.1 mg-based PBDB-T thin film exhibited an unprecedentedly high HER of 120.90 mmol h-1 g-1.
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Ozturk SE, Isci R, Faraji S, Sütay B, Majewski LA, Ozturk T. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and OFET Application of Thienothiophene and Benzothiadiazole Based Donor-π-Acceptor- π (D- π -A- π) Type Conjugated Polymers. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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12
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Yan X, Yang M, She YB, Yang YF. A theoretical study of the ligand-controlled palladium-catalysed regiodivergent synthesis of dibenzosilepin derivatives. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:737-746. [PMID: 36562425 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03767j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalysed ligand-controlled 1,n-palladium migration of silicon-tethering substrates provides a regiodivergent synthesis strategy for constructing silicon-bridged π-conjugated compounds possessing a 6,6-fused or a 5,7-fused scaffold. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to elucidate the detailed mechanism of this 1,n-palladium migration involving syn- or anti-carbopalladation. The computational results suggest that alkyne insertion is the regioselectivity-determining step. Upon catalysis without the BINAP ligand, the 1,2-insertion of an alkyne into the Pd-aryl bond leads to the formation of 6,6-fused benzophenanthrosiline, which is more favorable than the 2,1-insertion of alkyne by 4.2 kcal mol-1. The selective formation of 5,7-fused benzofluorenosilepins via the 2,1-alkyne insertion is facilitated by the BINAP ligand. The 1,2-alkyne insertion with the BINAP ligand is disfavoured due to the steric repulsion between the phenyl group of the substrate and the naphthalene group of the BINAP ligand. The 2,1-alkyne insertion with the BINAP ligand orients the ligand away from the phenyl group of the substrate, which can avoid steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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13
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR, M. Hussein A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010164. [PMID: 36616512 PMCID: PMC9853510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A-) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor-acceptor segments contributing to the pull-push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton's short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10-20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D-A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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14
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Structure modification of isoindigo copolymer synthesized by direct arylation that improves the open circuit voltage on organic solar cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Dannoun EMA, Aziz SB, Iraqi A, Al-Saeedi SI, Nofal MM, Murad AR. Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers Containing Ethynylene and Ethynylene-Thiophene Based Alternating Polymers Containing 2,1,3-Linked Naphthothiadiazole Units as Acceptor Linked with Fluorine as Donor: Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194139. [PMID: 36236087 PMCID: PMC9571599 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ethynylene or ethynylene-thiophene spacers on the band gap of alternating polymers, containing 4,9-naphthothiadiazole units as an acceptor and 2,7-linked fluorene repeat units as a donor, were investigated. The Sonogashira coupling reaction was employed to prepare the two novel copolymers, namely ((9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-2,7-diethynylene-alt-4,9-2,1,3-naphthothiadiazole (PFDENT) and poly(5,5'-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(ethynyl-2-thienyl)-alt-4,9-(2,1,3-naphthothiadiazole) (PFDTENT). The optical, electrochemical and thermal properties of the two obtained polymers were widely investigated and compared. Both resulting polymers showed low solubility in common organic solvents and moderate molecular weights. It is believed that the introduction of acetylene linkers rather than acetylene-thiophene spacers on the polymer chains reduces the steric hindrance between the donor and acceptor units which leads to the adoption of more planar structures of polymeric chains, resulting in decreased molecular weights of the resulting conjugated polymers. Thus, both ethynylene-based polymers and ethynylene-thiophene-based polymers showed red-shifted absorption maxima compared to their counterpart (thiophene-based polymer), owing to the adoption of more planar structures. Optical studies revealed that the new ethynylene and ethynylene-thiophene-based polymers displayed low band gaps compared to their thiophene analogue polymer PFDTNT. Both resulting polymers showed good thermal stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both polymers revealed that PFDENT and PFDTENT possessed an amorphous nature in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
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16
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Synthesis and solar cell applications of semiconducting polymers based on vinylene-bridged 5-alkoxy-6-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (FOBTzE). Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Pigot C, Brunel D, Dumur F. Indane-1,3-Dione: From Synthetic Strategies to Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185976. [PMID: 36144711 PMCID: PMC9501146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Indane-1,3-dione is a versatile building block used in numerous applications ranging from biosensing, bioactivity, bioimaging to electronics or photopolymerization. In this review, an overview of the different chemical reactions enabling access to this scaffold but also to the most common derivatives of indane-1,3-dione are presented. Parallel to this, the different applications in which indane-1,3-dione-based structures have been used are also presented, evidencing the versatility of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Pigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Damien Brunel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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18
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithienophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206311. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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19
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Li L, Meng F, Zhang M, Zhang ZG, Zhao D. Revisiting the Dithenophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors of Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Li
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fei Meng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- Nankai University State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Weijin Rd. 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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20
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. Synthesis of D‐A copolymers based on thiadiazole and thiazolothiazole acceptor units and their applications in ternary polymer solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering The LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur India
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21
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Mori H, Yamada Y, Minagawa Y, Hasegawa N, Nishihara Y. Effects of Acyloxy Groups in Anthrabisthiadiazole-Based Semiconducting Polymers on Electronic Properties, Thin-Film Structure, and Solar Cell Performances. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mori
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yukiya Minagawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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22
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Souza JPA, Benatto L, Candiotto G, Roman LS, Koehler M. Binding Energy of Triplet Excitons in Nonfullerene Acceptors: The Effects of Fluorination and Chlorination. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1393-1402. [PMID: 35192353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One strategy to improve the photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), employed in state-of-art organic solar cells, is the rational fluorination or chlorination of these molecules. Although this modification improves important acceptor properties, little is known about the effects on the triplet states. Here, we combine the polarizable continuum model with an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional to investigate this issue. We find that fluorination or chlorination of NFAs decreases the degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) overlap along these molecules. Consequently, the energy gap between T1 and S1 states, ΔEST = ES1 - ET1, also decreases. This effect reduces the binding energy of triplet excitons, which favors their dissociation into free charges. Furthermore, the reduction of ΔEST can contribute to mitigating the losses produced by the nonradiative deactivation of the T1 excitons. Interestingly, although Cl has a lower electronegativity than F, chlorination is more effective to reduce ΔEST. Since the chlorination of NFAs is easier than fluorination, Cl substitution can be a useful approach to enhance solar energy harvesting using triplet excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Souza
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Benatto
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G Candiotto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L S Roman
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M Koehler
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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23
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Guzel M, Celik E, Kart SO, Tasli PT, Karatas E, Ak M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the substitution effects on N-substituted carbazole derivatives functionalized with azomethine bonds. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Zappia S, Veronese L, Forni A, Dattilo S, Samperi F, Dagar J, Brown TM, Panigati M, Destri S. Carbazole-Pyridazine copolymers and their rhenium complexes: effect of the molecular structure on the electronic properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Huang X, Lan N, Zhang Y, Zeng W, He H, Liu X. Benzobisthiadiazole and Its Derivative-Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Second Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging. Front Chem 2022; 10:842712. [PMID: 35281566 PMCID: PMC8907825 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.842712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has received more and more attention on disease diagnosis and fundamental scientific research. It is still challenging to amplify their imaging ability and reduce the toxicity of inorganic materials and exogenous contrast agents. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), as a new type of contrast agent, have the advantages of low toxicity, flexible structure adjustment, good photostability, and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. SPNs containing benzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT) units, as the most classic second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) PA contrast agents, can achieve light absorption in the NIR-II region, thereby effectively reducing light loss in biological tissues and improving imaging resolution. This mini review summarizes the recent advances in the design strategy of BBT and its derivative-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for second near-infrared photoacoustic imaging. The evolution process of BBT blocks provides a unique perspective for the design of high-performance NIR-II PA contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ning Lan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng He, ; Xiuhong Liu,
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng He, ; Xiuhong Liu,
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π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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27
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Platinum(II)-containing donor-acceptor dimesitylborane-based complexes: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photovoltaic properties. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Karpagam S, Anupriya P, Supraja N. Effects of chemical dopants on the luminescence, bandgap and electrochemical conductivity of the thiophene-based benzothiadiazole-conjugated polymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
![]()
Electronically interfacing with the
nervous system for the purposes
of health diagnostics and therapy, sports performance monitoring,
or device control has been a subject of intense academic and industrial
research for decades. This trend has only increased in recent years,
with numerous high-profile research initiatives and commercial endeavors.
An important research theme has emerged as a result, which is the
incorporation of semiconducting polymers in various devices that communicate
with the nervous system—from wearable brain-monitoring caps
to penetrating implantable microelectrodes. This has been driven by
the potential of this broad class of materials to improve the electrical
and mechanical properties of the tissue–device interface, along
with possibilities for increased biocompatibility. In this review
we first begin with a tutorial on neural interfacing, by reviewing
the basics of nervous system function, device physics, and neuroelectrophysiological
techniques and their demands, and finally we give a brief perspective
on how material improvements can address current deficiencies in this
system. The second part is a detailed review of past work on semiconducting
polymers, covering electrical properties, structure, synthesis, and
processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Dimov
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Maximilian Moser
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Grenz DC, Rose D, Wössner JS, Wilbuer J, Adler F, Hermann M, Chan C, Adachi C, Esser B. Spiroconjugated Tetraaminospirenes as Donors in Color-Tunable Charge-Transfer Emitters with Donor-Acceptor Structure. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104150. [PMID: 34860443 PMCID: PMC9299689 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer emitters are attractive due to their color tunability and potentially high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). We herein present tetraaminospirenes as donor moieties, which, in combination with a variety of acceptors, furnished 12 charge-transfer emitters with a range of emission colors and PLQYs of up to 99 %. The spatial separation of their frontier molecular orbitals was obtained through careful structural design, and two DA structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A range of photophysical measurements supported by DFT calculations shed light on the optoelectronic properties of this new family of spiro-NN-donor-acceptor dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Grenz
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Daniel Rose
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Jan S. Wössner
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Jennifer Wilbuer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Florin Adler
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Chin‐Yiu Chan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research OPERAKyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi819-0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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31
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Impact of thickness of spin-coated P3HT thin films, over their optical and electronic properties. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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33
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Gao PF, Wang LY, Fu HY, Zhang JY. The steric effect of benzodifuran based polymers via alkyl side chain manipulation: a simple approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performance. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of narrow band gap conjugated copolymers with different alkyl side chains were synthesized via Stille copolymerization of benzodifuran (BDF) and benzothiadiazole (BT) monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (XMUT), Fujian Province University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Yong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (XMUT), Fujian Province University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (XMUT), Fujian Province University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (XMUT), Fujian Province University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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34
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Matsumoto T, Kashimoto M, Kubota C, Horike S, Ishida K, Mori A, Nishino T. Mechanical properties and structures under the deformation of thiophene copolymers with cyclic siloxane units. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of cross-linking of polythiophene with cyclic siloxane was achieved and provided to their mechanical properties and elastic recovery. The cross-links led to high recovery of crystallite orientation under stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Kashimoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kubota
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shohei Horike
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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35
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Abstract
The rapid growth of wearable electronics, Internet of Things, smart packaging, and advanced healthcare technologies demand a large number of flexible, thin, lightweight, and ultralow-cost sensors. The accurate and precise determination of temperature in a narrow range (~0–50 °C) around ambient temperatures and near-body temperatures is critical for most of these applications. Temperature sensors based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have the advantages of low manufacturing cost, excellent mechanical flexibility, easy integration with other devices, low cross-sensitivity, and multi-stimuli detectability and, therefore, are very suitable for the above applications. This article provides a timely overview of research progress in the development of OFET-based temperature sensors. First, the working mechanism of OFETs, the fundamental theories of charge transport in organic semiconductors, and common types of OFET temperature sensors based on the sensing element are briefly introduced. Next, notable advances in the development of OFET temperature sensors using small-molecule and polymer semiconductors are discussed separately. Finally, the progress of OFET temperature sensors is summarized, and the challenges associated with OFET temperature sensors and the perspectives of research directions in this field are presented.
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36
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7,7’-(4,4-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(4-bromobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole). MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophenes are of interest for the synthesis of molecules which can be employed in optoelectronic devices. In this communication, 7,7’-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(4-bromobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) was obtained by direct C–H cross-coupling of 4,7-dibromobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole with 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene in the presence of palladium(II)acetate and potassium pivalate. The structure of newly synthesized compound was established by means of elemental analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C NMR, IR and UV spectroscopy.
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37
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Mamba S, Perry DS, Tsige M, Pellicane G. Toward the Rational Design of Organic Solar Photovoltaics: Application of Molecular Structure Methods to Donor Polymers. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10593-10603. [PMID: 34904838 PMCID: PMC8713282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are promising candidates in the design of polymer solar cell materials with suitable electronic properties. Recent studies show that the use of different functional groups as side chain in thiophene-based polymers changes the electronic and conformation structures. Here we design new thiophene-based molecules by replacing the hydrogen attached to the backbone of P3MT with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. We then calculate the HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO energy gap to quantify the theoretical merit of the new polymers as solar absorbers and their inter-ring torsional potential to understand their suitability to link together in high conductivity, extended conjugated systems. Calculations are done with first-principles density functional theory (DFT), implemented using B3LYP with dispersion function and 6-31G(d,p) as basis set. Our results show that the HOMO-LUMO gap is sensibly lowered by donating groups and we found that the substitution of the hydrogen with -NH2, and -F gives an energy gap lower than the energy gap of P3MT. The lowest energy gap was found when substituting with -NH2. Electron-withdrawing groups lower the HOMO, with the overall lowest found when -NO2 is used. -COCl, -CONH2, and -Cl give a steric hindrance greater than that of PTB7, which is set as reference. Our calculations show a possible approach to the rational design of donor materials when substituents are inserted systematically in a generic oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandile Mamba
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of
Kwazulu-Natal and National Institute of Theoretical and Computational
Sciences (NITheCS), 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South
Africa
| | - David S. Perry
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- School
of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pellicane
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of
Kwazulu-Natal and National Institute of Theoretical and Computational
Sciences (NITheCS), 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South
Africa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche
e Funzionali, Università degli Studi
di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- CNR
IPCF, 37-98158 Messina, Italy
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38
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Santana AJ, Turchetti DA, Zanlorenzi C, dos Santos JCR, Oliveira AJA, Akcelrud L. Magnetic Properties of a Polyfluorene Derivative Metallopolymer Containing Neodymium Ions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson J. Santana
- Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS) Federal University of Parana POB 19081 Curitiba Parana 81531‐990 Brazil
| | - Denis A. Turchetti
- Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS) Federal University of Parana POB 19081 Curitiba Parana 81531‐990 Brazil
| | - Cristiano Zanlorenzi
- Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS) Federal University of Parana POB 19081 Curitiba Parana 81531‐990 Brazil
| | - José C. R. dos Santos
- Physics Department Federal University of Sao Carlos POB 676 São Carlos SP 13565‐905 Brazil
| | | | - Leni Akcelrud
- Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS) Federal University of Parana POB 19081 Curitiba Parana 81531‐990 Brazil
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39
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Wu Y, Yu P, Xia D, Li W, Zhao J, Wang J. Ultrafast Structure and Vibrational Dynamics of a Cyano-Containing Non-Fullerene Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11987-11995. [PMID: 34672586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-fullerene molecules, such as ITIC (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene) indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene), are among the most promising non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, using the cyano stretching mode as a vibrational marker, the structural and vibrational energy dynamics of ITIC were examined on an ultrafast time scale with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. Two IR-active modes studied here mainly correspond to two anti-symmetric combinations of symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of two C≡N modes originating from two -C(CN)2 chromophores that are located across the ITIC system, which were found to have significantly larger off-diagonal anharmonicity than their corresponding diagonal anharmonicities. This indicates strong anharmonic vibrational coupling between the two modes, which is supported by ab initio anharmonic frequency computations. Transient IR results indicate picosecond intramolecular vibrational energy transfer between the two C≡N modes upon excitation. The structural basis for these vibrational and energetic features is the conjugating molecular frame that is composed of a network of single/double bonds connecting the two -C(CN)2 chromophores and may enable efficient vibration delocalization, in addition to its well-known electron delocalization capability. The importance of the results for the OSC applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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40
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Huang HC, Lin YC, Chen CH, Wei KH, Su YW, Chen PT. Density functional theory study of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers with substituent effect. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Javed M, Farhat A, Jabeen S, Khera RA, Khalid M, Iqbal J. Optoelectronic properties of naphthalene bis-benzimidazole based derivatives and their photovoltaic applications. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Rech JJ, Neu J, Qin Y, Samson S, Shanahan J, Josey RF, Ade H, You W. Designing Simple Conjugated Polymers for Scalable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3561-3568. [PMID: 34008311 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have a long history of exploration and use in organic solar cells, and over the last twenty-five years, marked increases in the solar cell efficiency have been achieved. However, the synthetic complexity of these materials has also drastically increased, which makes the scalability of the highest-efficiency materials difficult. If conjugated polymers could be designed to exhibit both high efficiency and straightforward synthesis, the road to commercial reality would be more achievable. For that reason, a new synthetic approach was designed towards PTQ10 (=poly[(thiophene)-alt-(6,7-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)]). The new synthetic approach to make PTQ10 brought a significant reduction in cost (1/7th the original) and could also easily accommodate different side chains to move towards green processing solvents. Furthermore, high-efficiency organic solar cells were demonstrated with a PTQ10:Y6 blend exhibiting approximately 15 % efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Justin Neu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Stephanie Samson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Jordan Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Richard F Josey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
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43
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Dauzon E, Sallenave X, Plesse C, Goubard F, Amassian A, Anthopoulos TD. Pushing the Limits of Flexibility and Stretchability of Solar Cells: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101469. [PMID: 34297433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging forms of soft, flexible, and stretchable electronics promise to revolutionize the electronics industries of the future offering radically new products that combine multiple functionalities, including power generation, with arbitrary form factor. For example, skin-like electronics promise to transform the human-machine-interface, but the softness of the skin is incompatible with traditional electronic components. To address this issue, new strategies toward soft and wearable electronic systems are currently being pursued, which also include stretchable photovoltaics as self-powering systems for use in autonomous and stretchable electronics of the future. Here recent developments in the field of stretchable photovoltaics are reviewed and their potential for various emerging applications are examined. Emphasis is placed on the different strategies to induce stretchability including extrinsic and intrinsic approaches. In the former case, engineering and patterning of the materials and devices are key elements while intrinsically stretchable systems rely on mechanically compliant materials such as elastomers and organic conjugated polymers. The result is a review article that provides a comprehensive summary of the progress to date in the field of stretchable solar cells from the nanoscale to macroscopic functional devices. The article is concluded by discussing the emerging trends and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauzon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cedric Plesse
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy, 95000, France
| | | | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Al-Azzawi AG, Aziz SB, Iraqi A, Murad AR, Abdulwahid RT, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T. Impact of ethynylene linkers on the optical and electrochemical properties of benzothiadiazole based alternate conjugated polymers. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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45
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Fritze L, Fest M, Helbig A, Bischof T, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Helten H. Boron-Doped α-Oligo- and Polyfurans: Highly Luminescent Hybrid Materials, Color-Tunable through the Doping Density. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Charlie Maier
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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48
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Abdiulrsool H. AL-Taher, Lafy F. AL-Badry, Semiromi EH. Improvement of the Optoelectronic Properties of Terazulene Molecules for Organic Solar Cell Applications. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Xie Z, Komarov PV, Alekseev VG, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. High‐Performance Fullerene Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on New Thiazole ‐Functionalized Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene D‐A Copolymer Donors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed. L. Keshtov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kuklin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei R. Khokhlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun China
| | - Pavel V. Komarov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Tver State University Sadovyi per. 35 Tver 170002 Russia
| | | | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli Jaipur (Raj.) 302031 India
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Babu NS, Vuai SAH. Theoretical studies of optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of D-A polymer monomers by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:224-237. [PMID: 34366700 PMCID: PMC8317939 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1956209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research article, the new donor–acceptor (D–A) monomers developed using 4-methoxy-9-methyl-9 H-carbazole (MMCB) as electron donors and various electron acceptors. DFT and TD-DFT methods at the level of B3LYP with a 6–311 G basis set in a gas and chloroform solvent were used to calculate electronic and optoelectronic properties. To dissect the relationship between the molecular and optoelectronic structures, the impacts of specific acceptors on the geometry of molecules and optoelectronic properties of these D–A monomers were discussed. The calculations are also carried out on HOMO–LUMO, atomic orbital densities. The calculated band gap Eg of the monomers considered increases 3,6-MMCB-OCP ≈ 3,6-MMCB-BCO < 3,6-MMCB-SDP < 3,6-MMCB-SCP < 3,6-MMCB-TCP < 3,6-MMCB-TDP < 3,6-MMCB-BCS < 3,6-MMCB-BCT in both in the gas and solvent phases. Subsequently, the optoelectrical properties of EHOMO, ELUMO, Eopt, and EB energies were critically updated. Compared to different monomers, the far lower Eg of the 3,6-MMCB-OCP and 3,6-CB-BCO has shown optoelectronic applications in organic solar cells like BHJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numbury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Said A H Vuai
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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