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Shoaee S, Luong HM, Song J, Zou Y, Nguyen TQ, Neher D. What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302005. [PMID: 37623325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6-an innovative A-DA'D-A type small molecule non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion of the current knowledge about the structural and physical properties of the PM6:Y6 material combination in relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles of PM6 and Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, and recombination mechanisms. Then, the authors delve into blend morphology and degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. The current state of the art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as the blend energetics, the pathways of free charge generation, and the role of triplet states in recombination. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PM6:Y6 material combination and its potential for further development in the field of organic solar cells. By addressing both the successes and challenges associated with this system, this review contributes to the ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jiage Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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2
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He Z, Dai T, Ji M, Tang A, Wang H, Zhou E. Fused Benzotriazole A-Unit Constructs a D-π-A Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1144-1150. [PMID: 37503885 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we originally developed a fused ring building block as an acceptor unit, namely, 2,6,10-trihydro-carbazole[3,4-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]-triazole (CTA), through fusing two benzotriazoles (BTA) with a pyrrole ring. A p-type polymer PE93 containing the CTA unit exhibits relatively high molecular energy levels and excellent luminescent properties. The PE93:BTA76-based solar cell obtained a device efficiency of 12.16%, with a VOC of 0.94 V and a low nonradiative recombination loss of 0.18 eV. The results suggest that the CTA unit is an efficient acceptor unit to achieve excellent photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua He
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mengwei Ji
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Helin Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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First principle investigation of new dithienosilole-based dyes for DSSCs: effects of auxiliary acceptor groups. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Bai Y, Xue LW, Wang HQ, Zhang ZG. Research Advances on Benzotriazole-based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Zhang ZG, Bai Y, Li Y. Benzotriazole Based 2D-conjugated Polymer Donors for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Li F, Tang A, Zhang B, Zhou E. Indacenodithieno[3,2- b]thiophene-Based Wide Bandgap D-π-A Copolymer for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1599-1604. [PMID: 35619396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a wide-bandgap (2.02 eV) donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) polymer PIDTT-DTffBTA, composed of a rigid indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) and fluorinated benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (ffBTA) units as D and A units, respectively, is synthesized. In comparison with its analogue benzodithiophene-alt-benzotriazole copolymer J52 with classic benzodithiophene (BDT) as the D unit, PIDTT-DTffBTA demonstrates a lower-lying HOMO energy level and higher carrier mobilities when paired with a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 based on a ladder-type dithienothiophen[3.2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole central unit. Thus, PIDTT-DTffBTA:Y6 based organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.05% than that of J52:Y6 (7.15%), which is also the highest value for IDTT-based photovoltaic polymers. This result proves that the IDTT unit is also a promising building block to construct not only NFAs but also p-type photovoltaic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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7
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Lee E, Shin W, Bae O, Kim FS, Hwang YJ. Synthesis and Characterization of a highly crystalline benzotriazole-selenophene copolymer semiconductor. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of medium bandgap copolymers based on benzotriazole for non-fullerene organic solar cells. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Sun L, Xu X, Song S, Zhang Y, Miao C, Liu X, Xing G, Zhang S. Medium‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900074. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shan Song
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yangqian Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Miao
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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10
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Feng K, Yuan J, Bi Z, Ma W, Xu X, Zhang G, Peng Q. Low-Energy-Loss Polymer Solar Cells with 14.52% Efficiency Enabled by Wide-Band-Gap Copolymers. iScience 2019; 12:1-12. [PMID: 30665194 PMCID: PMC6348165 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two wide band-gap copolymers poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTS-TZNT) and poly[4,8-bis(4-fluoro-5-(2-butylhexylthio)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-TZNT] (PBDTSF-TZNT) based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole) (TZNT) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) with different conjugated side chains have been developed for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF-PSCs). The rigid planar backbone of BDT and TZNT units imparted high crystallinity and good molecular stacking property to these copolymers. Using 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene (ITIC) as the acceptor, PBDTSF-TZNT devices showed a high Voc of 0.98 V with an Eloss of 0.61 eV. On selecting 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(5,6-difluoro-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene (IT-4F) instead of ITIC, the devices maintained the high Voc of 0.93 V with an even lower Eloss of 0.59 eV. The combination of the above-mentioned low Eloss, broadened absorption, better matched energy level, improved crystallinity, and fine-tuned morphology promoted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PBDTSF-TZNT:IT-4F devices from 12.16% to 13.25%. Homo-tandem devices based on PBDTSF-TZNT:IT-4F subcells further enhanced the light-harvesting ability and boosted the PCE of 14.52%, which is the best value for homo-tandem NF-PSCs at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PRC
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PRC
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PRC
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PRC.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PRC
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PRC
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PRC.
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Yang J, Xiao B, Heo SW, Tajima K, Chen F, Zhou E. Effects of Inserting Thiophene as a π-Bridge on the Properties of Naphthalene Diimide-alt-Fused Thiophene Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44070-44078. [PMID: 29190065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of naphthalene diimide (NDI) units connected to thiophene (T), thienothiophene (TT), or dithienothiophene (DTT) units via a thiophene π-bridge, three new copolymers-PDTNDI-T, PDTNDI-TT, and PDTNDI-DTT, respectively-were synthesized and used in the fabrication of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). The relationships between the structures of the polymers and their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances as electron acceptors in all-PSCs were investigated in detail. As the number of copolymerized heteroaromatic rings in the DTNDI-based polymers increased, the power conversion efficiencies of the resulting all-PSCs were found to decrease. This decreasing trend in the photovoltaic performance is opposite to the results reported previously for NDI-based polymers lacking the thiophene π-bridge and naphthodithiophene diimide-based polymers. In addition, the three polymers were found to exhibit distinct molecular orientations: a face-on orientation for PDTNDI-T and edge-on orientations for PDTNDI-TT and PDTNDI-DTT. Our results indicate that large fused aromatic rings are not necessarily advantageous in the design of NDI-based polymers containing π-conjugated bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Soo Won Heo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Hu J, Wang X, Chen F, Xiao B, Tang A, Zhou E. Medium Bandgap D-A Type Photovoltaic Polymers Based on an Asymmetric Dithienopyran Donor and a Benzotriazole Acceptor. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E516. [PMID: 30965820 PMCID: PMC6418947 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers based on the donor of an asymmetric 5H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyran (DTPa) and the acceptors of benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) or di-fluorinated benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (ffBTA) with thiophene as π-bridge were designed and synthesized. Two asymmetric-building-block-containing polymers (ABC-polymers) possess a strong and broad absorption in the range of 300⁻750 nm and medium optical bandgap of 1.73 and 1.77 eV for PDTPa-TBTA and PDTPa-TffBTA, respectively. Polymer solar cells using PDTPa-TBTA as donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as an acceptor exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 2.22% with a Voc of 0.58 V, a Jsc of 6.04 mA/cm², and an FF of 63.41%. The introduction of fluorine substituents on the BTA unit evidently influenced the optical and photovoltaic properties. Interestingly, although the HOMO energy level indeed decreased, PDTPa-TffBTA showed a decreased Voc of 0.52 V in solar cells. Combined with an obviously enhanced Jsc of 10.23 mA/cm², and an outstanding FF of 0.64, the PCE of solar cells based on PDTPa-TffBTA was improved by nearly 55%, reached 3.43%. Our results indicate that the BTA unit can be used to construct ABC polymers with a medium bandgap, and the introduction of fluorine on the BTA unit is also effective in improving the photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Fan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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Kotturappa CG, Gopikrishna MM, Rao AD, Ramamurthy PC. Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐
c
]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun D Rao
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
- Center for Nanoscience and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
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14
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Huang J, Nakano K, Suzuki K, Chen Y, Wang F, Koganezawa T, Tajima K. π-Conjugation Effects of Oligo(thienylenevinylene) Side Chains in Semiconducting Polymers on Photovoltaic Performance. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Huang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
| | - Yujiao Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
| | - Fanji Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter
Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-198, Japan
- Precursory Research
for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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15
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Yan T, Bin H, Yang Y, Xue L, Zhang ZG, Li Y. Effect of furan π-bridge on the photovoltaic performance of D-A copolymers based on bi(alkylthio-thienyl)benzodithiophene and fluorobenzotriazole. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Lee MH, Kim J, Kang M, Kim J, Kang B, Hwang H, Cho K, Kim DY. Precise Side-Chain Engineering of Thienylenevinylene-Benzotriazole-Based Conjugated Polymers with Coplanar Backbone for Organic Field Effect Transistors and CMOS-like Inverters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2758-2766. [PMID: 28004581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two donor-acceptor (D-A) alternating conjugated polymers based on thienylenevinylene-benzotriazole (TV-BTz), PTV6B with a linear side chain and PTVEhB with a branched side chain, were synthesized and characterized for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-like inverters. According to density functional theory (DFT), polymers based on TV-BTz exhibit a coplanar and rigid structure with no significant twists, which could cause to an increase in charge-carrier mobility in OFETs. Alternating alkyl side chains of the polymers impacted neither the band gap nor the energy level. However, it significantly affected the morphology and crystallinity when the polymer films were thermally annealed. To investigate the effect of thermal annealing on the morphology and crystallinity, we characterized the polymer films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 2D-grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIWAXD). Fibrillary morphologies with larger domains and increased crystallinity were observed in the polymer films after thermal annealing. These polymers exhibited improved charge-carrier mobilities in annealed films at 200 °C and demonstrated optimal OFET device performance with p-type transport characteristics with charge-carrier mobilities of 1.51 cm2/(V s) (PTV6B) and 2.58 cm2/(V s) (PTVEhB). Furthermore, CMOS-like inorganic (ZnO)-organic (PTVEhB) hybrid bilayer inverter showed that the inverting voltage (Vinv) was positioned near the ideal switching point at half (1/2) of supplied voltage (VDD) due to fairly balanced p- and n-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hye Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Minji Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansu Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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17
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Fronk SL, Shi Y, Siefrid M, Mai CK, McDowell C, Bazan GC. Chiroptical Properties of a Benzotriazole–Thiophene Copolymer Bearing Chiral Ethylhexyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Fronk
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yueqin Shi
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martin Siefrid
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng-Kang Mai
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Caitlin McDowell
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and δMaterials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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18
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Ku J, Gim Y, Lansac Y, Jang YH. N-Alkylthienopyrroledione versus benzothiadiazole pulling units in push–pull copolymers used for photovoltaic applications: density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1017-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-band-gap push–pull copolymers are promising donor materials for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ku
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yeongrok Gim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN
- UMR 7347
- Université François Rabelais
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
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19
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Liu C, Wang K, Gong X, Heeger AJ. Low bandgap semiconducting polymers for polymeric photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4825-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the design rules for low bandgap semiconducting polymers, with the overview of their applications in polymer solar cells and polymer photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Xiong Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Alan J. Heeger
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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20
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Zhou M, Wang M, Zhu L, Yang Z, Jiang C, Cao D, Li Q. D-π-A-π-A Strategy to Design Benzothiadiazole-carbazole-based Conjugated Polymer with High Solar Cell Voltage and Enhanced Photocurrent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2156-61. [PMID: 26469185 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical calculations are used to find that D-π-A-π-A style conjugated polymer PC-TBTBT is more efficient for solar cells application than the D-π-A analog PC-TBT because the D-π-A-π-A structure has a narrower band gap and higher molar absorption coefficient and redshift spectrum. Motivated by the theoretical prediction, 5,6-bis(octyloxy)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 2,7-carbazole are adopted to synthesize the D-π-A-π-A style PC-TBTBT (M(w) = 31.1 kDa) and D-π-A analog PC-TBT (M(w) = 87.5 kDa) by Suzuki coupling reaction. Experimental results confirm that D-π-A-π-A PC-TBTBT-based solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.74% with high V(OC) of 0.99 V and enhanced J(SC) of 9.70 mA cm(-2). The PCE and J(SC) achieve improvements of 17% and 26%, respectively, compared to the D-π-A PC-TBT-based solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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21
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Zheng H, Gu C, Zhu Q, Bao X, Wen S, Qiu M, Zhu D, Sun M, Yang R. Thiophene π-bridge effect on photovoltaic performances of dithienosilole and bithiazole backboned polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zheng
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Chuantao Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Meng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
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22
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Unay H, Unlu NA, Hizalan G, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L, Cırpan A. Selenophene as a Bridge in Molecular Architecture of Benzotriazole Containing Conjugated Copolymers to Gain Insight on Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Polymers. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1024312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Unay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naime Akbasoglu Unlu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 ,Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonul Hizalan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 ,Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serife O. Hacioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 ,Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 ,Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM), Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Cırpan
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 ,Ankara, Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM), Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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24
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Multichromic and soluble conjugated polymers containing thiazolothiazole unit for electrochromic applications. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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26
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Synthesis of two-dimensional π-conjugated polymers pendent with benzothiadiazole and naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole moieties for polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Shaker M, Trinh CK, Kim W, Kim H, Lee K, Lee JS. Direct C–H arylation synthesis of (DD′AD′DA′)-constituted alternating polymers with low bandgaps and their photovoltaic performance. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alternating copolymers possess a planar backbone structure and high intramolecular charge transfer, and they contain a strong push–pull (D–A) system and gave a power conversion efficiency up to 2.36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shaker
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
| | - Cuc Kim Trinh
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
| | - Wonbin Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
| | - Heejoo Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 500-712
- Korea
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28
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Bajaj K, Sakhuja R. Benzotriazole: Much More Than Just Synthetic Heterocyclic Chemistry. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Baysec S, Akbasoglu Unlu N, Hacioglu SO, Arslan Udum Y, Cirpan A, Toppare L. Electrochemical Properties of Perylene Diimide (PDI) and Benzotriazole (Btz) Bearing Conjugated Polymers to Investigate the Effect of π-Bridge on Electrochemical Properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.976742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Zhu E, Luo G, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang F, Che G, Wu H, Tang W. Design and photovoltaic characterization of dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole copolymers with positioning phenyl groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26893-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04621h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Wang Q, Zhang S, Ye L, Cui Y, Fan H, Hou J. Investigations of the Conjugated Polymers Based on Dithienogermole (DTG) Units for Photovoltaic Applications. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500831z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Long Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huili Fan
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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32
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Bin H, Xiao L, Liu Y, Shen P, Li Y. Effects of donor unit and π-bridge on photovoltaic properties of D-A copolymers based on benzo[1,2-b
:4,5-c
']-dithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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33
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Ohshita J, Nakashima M, Tanaka D, Morihara Y, Fueno H, Tanaka K. Preparation of a D–A polymer with disilanobithiophene as a new donor component and application to high-voltage bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01157g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Gedefaw D, Tessarolo M, Zhuang W, Kroon R, Wang E, Bolognesi M, Seri M, Muccini M, Andersson MR. Conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophene and fluorinated quinoxaline for bulk heterojunction solar cells: thiophene versus thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as π-conjugated spacers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Liu X, Li M, He R, Shen W. Theoretical investigations on fluorinated and cyano copolymers for improvements of photovoltaic performances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:311-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Kim JH, Song CE, Shin N, Kang H, Wood S, Kang IN, Kim BJ, Kim B, Kim JS, Shin WS, Hwang DH. High-crystalline medium-band-gap polymers consisting of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole derivatives for organic photovoltaic cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12820-12831. [PMID: 23905751 DOI: 10.1021/am401926h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two semiconducting conjugated polymers were synthesized via Stille polymerization. The structures combined unsubstituted or (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl (TIPS)-substituted 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)benzo[1,2-b:4.5-b']dithiophene (BDT) as a donor unit and benzotriazole with a symmetrically branched alkyl side chain (DTBTz) as an acceptor unit. We investigated the effects of the different BDT moieties on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers and the film crystallinities and carrier mobilities. The optical-band-gap energies were measured to be 1.97 and 1.95 eV for PBDT-DTBTz and PTIPSBDT-DTBTz, respectively. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated and power conversion efficiencies of 5.5% and 2.9% were found for the PTIPSBDT-DTBTz- and PBDT-DTBTz-based devices, respectively. This difference was explained by the more optimal morphology and higher carrier mobility in the PTIPSBDT-DTBTz-based devices. This work demonstrates that, under the appropriate processing conditions, TIPS groups can change the molecular ordering and lower the highest occupied molecular orbital level, providing the potential for improved solar cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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37
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Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of a [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-g]quinoxaline-Based Low-Bandgap Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Wang X, Zhang ZG, Tang W, Shen S, Liu G, Chi D, Li Y, Wang J. Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene- alt
-terthiophene Copolymers Containing Styryl-Triphenylamine Side Chains: Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance Optimization with Fullerene Acceptors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Klein MFG, Pasker FM, Kowarik S, Landerer D, Pfaff M, Isen M, Gerthsen D, Lemmer U, Höger S, Colsmann A. Carbazole–Phenylbenzotriazole Copolymers as Absorber Material in Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400440q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. G. Klein
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix M. Pasker
- Kekulé-Institut für
Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kowarik
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Landerer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marina Pfaff
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße
1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Isen
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße
1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße
1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für
Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße
1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Ohshita J, Miyazaki M, Zhang FB, Tanaka D, Morihara Y. Synthesis and properties of dithienometallole-pyridinochalcogenadiazole alternate polymers. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Cevher SC, Unlu NA, Ozelcaglayan AC, Apaydin DH, Udum YA, Toppare L, Cirpan A. Fused structures in the polymer backbone to investigate the photovoltaic and electrochromic properties of donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Li Z, Zhou D, Li L, Li Y, He Y, Liu J, Peng Q. Synthesis and characterization of copolymers based on benzotriazoles and different atom-bridged dithiophenes for efficient solar cells. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Min J, Zhang ZG, Zhang M, Li Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a D–A copolymer of dithienosilole and fluorinated-benzotriazole. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ohshita J, Miyazaki M, Tanaka D, Morihara Y, Fujita Y, Kunugi Y. Synthesis of poly(dithienogermole-2,6-diyl)s. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tan H, Deng X, Yu J, Zhao B, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu W, Wu H, Cao Y. A Novel Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer with a Pendant Diketopyrrolopyrrole Unit for High-Performance Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tan
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Xianping Deng
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Junting Yu
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic
Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Key Lab of
Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan
411105, China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic
Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic
Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Tan H, Deng X, Yu J, Chen J, Nie K, Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhu W. Synthesis and photovoltaic performances of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline copolymers pending functional groups in phenyl rings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kularatne RS, Magurudeniya HD, Sista P, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Donor–acceptor semiconducting polymers for organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruvini S. Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | | | - Prakash Sista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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Kim JH, Kim HU, Kang IN, Lee SK, Moon SJ, Shin WS, Hwang DH. Incorporation of Pyrene Units to Improve Hole Mobility in Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301877q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hee Un Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggido 90-2,
Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research
Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon
305-343, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Energy Materials Research
Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon
305-343, Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research
Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon
305-343, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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49
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Jin E, Du C, Wang M, Li W, Li C, Wei H, Bo Z. Dibenzothiophene-Based Planar Conjugated Polymers for High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chun Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cuihong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hedi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage
Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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50
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Nakanishi T, Shirai Y, Yasuda T, Han L. Effect of branched alkyl chains attached at sp3 silicon of donor-acceptor copolymers on their morphology and photovoltaic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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