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Amin MF, Anwar A, Gnida P, Jarząbek B. Polymers Containing Phenothiazine, Either as a Dopant or as Part of Their Structure, for Dye-Sensitized and Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2309. [PMID: 39204529 PMCID: PMC11360421 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Potential photovoltaic technology includes the newly developed dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Owing to their diverse qualities, polymers can be employed in third-generation photovoltaic cells to specifically alter their device elements and frameworks. Polymers containing phenothiazine, either as a part of their structure or as a dopant, are easy and economical to synthesize, are soluble in common organic solvents, and have the potential to acquire desired electrochemical and photophysical properties by mere tuning of their chemical structures. Such polymers have therefore been used either as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, where they have produced power conversion efficiency (PCE) values as high as 5.30%, or as donor or acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Furthermore, they have been employed to prepare liquid-free polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized and bulk heterojunction solar cells, producing a PCE of 8.5% in the case of DSSCs. This paper reviews and analyzes almost all research works published to date on phenothiazine-based polymers and their uses in dye-sensitized and bulk heterojunction solar cells. The impacts of their structure and molecular weight and the amount when used as a dopant in other polymers on the absorption, photoluminescence, energy levels of frontier orbitals, and, finally, photovoltaic parameters are reviewed. The advantages of phenothiazine polymers for solar cells, the difficulties in their actual implementation and potential remedies are also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Amin
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Amna Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bożena Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Wessling R, Delgado Andrés R, Morhenn I, Acker P, Maftuhin W, Walter M, Würfel U, Esser B. Phenothiazine-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers as Multifunctional Materials for Charge Storage and Solar Energy Conversion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2200699. [PMID: 36333908 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increasing energy demand for diverse applications requires new types of devices and materials. Multifunctional materials that can fulfill different roles are of high interest as they can allow fabricating devices that can both convert and store energy. Herein, organic donor-acceptor redox polymers that can function as charge storage materials in batteries and as donor materials in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices are investigated. Based on its reversible redox chemistry, phenothiazine is used as the main building block in the conjugated copolymer design and combined with diketopyrrolopyrrol and benzothiadiazole as electron-poor comonomers to shift the optical absorption into the visible region. The resulting polymers show excellent cycling stability as positive electrode materials in lithium-organic batteries at discharge potentials of 3.6-3.7 V versus Li/Li+ as well as good performances in BHJ solar cells with up to 1.9% power conversion efficiency. This study shows that the design of such multifunctional materials is possible, however, that it also faces challenges, as essential properties for good device function can lead to diametrically opposite requirements in materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wessling
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Delgado Andrés
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Morhenn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Acker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wafa Maftuhin
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum µTC, Wöhlerstr. 11, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Misra R, Yadav IS. Phenothiazine and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide based push-pull Derivatives: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational Studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of phenothiazine (PTZ) and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide based π-conjugated push–pull chromophores PTZ 1–6 were designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling and [2+2] cycloaddition retroelectrocyclic ring opening reaction in...
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Al-Busaidi IJ, Haque A, A. Al-Balushi R, Rather JA, Munam A, Ilmi R, Raithby PR, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Xie Z, Chen S, Islam SM, Wong WY, Skelton JM, Khan MS. Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic properties of phenothiazine-based organic co-poly-ynes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of seven new organic co-poly-ynes P1–P7 incorporating phenothiazine (PTZ) motif and evaluate their optoelectronic properties and performance in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayya A. Al-Balushi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied Sciences and Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jahangir Ahmad Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdul Munam
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R. Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shahidul M. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Dithieno[1,4]thiazines and Bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines-Organometallic Synthesis and Functionalization of Electron Density Enriched Congeners of Phenothiazine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092180. [PMID: 32392728 PMCID: PMC7248943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the syntheses and functionalizations of dithieno[1,4]thiazines and bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines, both electron density-enriched congeners of phenothiazines with remarkable electronic properties. Diversity-oriented, straightforward, and efficient syntheses, including versatile one-pot processes, have been developed for the anellated 1,4-thiazines as well as various functionalization for the expansion of the π-systems. Thereby, syntheses of different regioisomers depending on the (benzo)thieno-thiazine anellation are discussed, which exert a deep impact on the electronic properties. The tunable photophysical and electrochemical properties of dithieno[1,4]thiazines and bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines outscore phenothiazines on many points and promise an enormous potential in molecular electronics and applications beyond.
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Cheng H, Li Y, Zhao G, Zhao K, Wang ZS. Pyridine-Terminated Conjugated Organic Molecules as an Interfacial Hole Transfer Bridge for NiO x-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28960-28967. [PMID: 31318205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To engineer the NiOx/perovskite interface and promote interfacial hole transfer, two pyridine-terminated conjugated small organic molecules (PTZ-1 and PTZ-2) are synthesized to link the NiOx and perovskite layers for NiOx-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). One terminal pyridine group interacts with the NiOx layer, while the other one coordinates with the Pb atoms of the perovskite layer, erecting an interfacial hole transfer bridge between NiOx and perovskite. Surface modification of the NiOx film with the PTZ molecules is able to enhance hole extraction, increase hole mobility and conductivity of NiOx, reduce defect density, and retard interfacial charge recombination. As a consequence, power conversion efficiency is improved from 12.53 to 16.25 and 17.00% upon surface modifications of NiOx with PTZ-1 and PTZ-2, respectively. Furthermore, the modified PSCs exhibit almost no hysteresis and show good stability after storage in air (relative humidity of 30-40%) for 500 h without encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Fudan University , 2205 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Fudan University , 2205 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Guanyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Fudan University , 2205 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Fudan University , 2205 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , Fudan University , 2205 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
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8
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Super acid-catalyzed polymerization of phenothiazine and modified isatin. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-019-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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9
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Spiliopoulos IK. Optical and electrochemical properties and sensing application for iron(II) and mercury(II) ions of polyfluorenes with imidazole in the main chain. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Rimmele M, Ableidinger K, Marsh AV, Cheetham NJ, Taublaender MJ, Buchner A, Prinz J, Fröhlich J, Unterlass MM, Heeney M, Glöcklhofer F. Thioalkyl- and sulfone-substituted poly( p-phenylene vinylene)s. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) have been studied for decades, but new applications like in bioimaging keep emerging and even simple structural variations are still waiting to be explored, as we highlight by this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimmele
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | - Adam V. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - M. Josef Taublaender
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
| | - Alina Buchner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Jonathan Prinz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics
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11
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Abdallah M, Bui TT, Goubard F, Theodosopoulou D, Dumur F, Hijazi A, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Phenothiazine derivatives as photoredox catalysts for cationic and radical photosensitive resins for 3D printing technology and photocomposite synthesis. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New phenothiazine derivatives are synthesized and proposed as high performance visible light photoinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Abdallah
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Thanh-Tuân Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Dimitra Theodosopoulou
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | | | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
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Karimata A, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Okada K. Stereoelectronic control of oxidation potentials of 3,7-bis(diarylamino)phenothiazines. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found a unique stereoelectronic-substituent effect on the oxidation potentials of bis(diarylamino)phenothiazines through large conformational changes during the oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Karimata
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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Chao P, Gu R, Ma X, Wang T, Zhao Y. Thiophene-substituted phenothiazine-based photosensitisers for radical and cationic photopolymerization reactions under visible laser beams (405 and 455 nm). Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we designed and prepared six new thiophene-substituted phenothiazine-based visible photosensitizers (ThPTZs) to solve the low absorptivity of phenothiazine in the visible light region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Renquan Gu
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- PR China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University St. John's
- NL
- Canada A1B 3X7
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Bodedla GB, Justin Thomas KR, Kumar S, Jou JH, Li CJ. Phenothiazine-based bipolar green-emitters containing benzimidazole units: synthesis, photophysical and electroluminescence properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of bipolar green emitters bearing hole-transporting phenothiazine and electron-transporting N-phenylbenzimidazole are synthesized and characterized by their photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhana Babu Bodedla
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Organic Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
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Kim G, Han AR, Lee HR, Oh JH, Yang C. Use of heteroaromatic spacers in isoindigo-benzothiadiazole polymers for ambipolar charge transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26512-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Not only do we report two new polymers (PIIG-DTBT and PIIG-DSeBT) involving isoindigo and benzothiadiazole blocks constructed with thiophene and selenophene spacers, but also explore the optical, electrochemical, and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoungsik Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 689-798
- South Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 689-798
- South Korea
| | - Hae Rang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 689-798
- South Korea
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Yao L, Zhang S, Wang R, Li W, Shen F, Yang B, Ma Y. Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diode Based on a Butterfly-Shaped Donor-Acceptor Chromophore with Strong Solid-State Fluorescence and a Large Proportion of Radiative Excitons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2119-23. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Yao L, Zhang S, Wang R, Li W, Shen F, Yang B, Ma Y. Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diode Based on a Butterfly-Shaped Donor-Acceptor Chromophore with Strong Solid-State Fluorescence and a Large Proportion of Radiative Excitons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kim G, Han AR, Lee HR, Lee J, Oh JH, Yang C. Acceptor-acceptor type isoindigo-based copolymers for high-performance n-channel field-effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2180-3. [PMID: 24430290 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two acceptor-acceptor (A-A) type copolymers (PIIG-BT and PIIG-TPD) with backbones composed exclusively of electron-deficient units are designed and synthesized. Both copolymers show unipolar n-type operations. In particular, PIIG-BT shows electron mobility of up to 0.22 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This is a record value for n-type copolymers based on lactam cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoungsik Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, South Korea.
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Hung WI, Liao YY, Hsu CY, Chou HH, Lee TH, Kao WS, Lin JT. High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on phenothiazine dyes containing double anchors and thiophene spacers. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:357-66. [PMID: 24347076 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of new push-pull phenothiazine-based dyes (HL1-HL4) featuring various π spacers (thiophene, 3-hexylthiophene, 4-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophene) and double acceptors/anchors have been synthesized, characterized, and used as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among them, the best conversion efficiency (7.31%) reaches approximately 99% of the N719-based (7.38%) DSSCs fabricated and measured under similar conditions. The dyes with two anchors have more efficient interfacial charge generation and transport compared with their congeners with only single anchor. Incorporation of hexyl chains into the π-conjugated spacer of these double-anchoring dyes can efficiently suppress dye aggregation and reduce charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-I Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 (Taiwan)
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Lee M, Park JE, Park C, Choi HC. Synthesis of a p-type semiconducting phenothiazine exfoliatable layered crystal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9967-9971. [PMID: 23883168 DOI: 10.1021/la401611v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazine (PTZ) crystals are grown by a physical vapor transport method in a horizontal tube furnace. The resulting disk-type PTZ single crystals have a layered structure, which can be mechanically exfoliated into stacked individual layers to exhibit various colors depending on the thickness. The PTZ single-crystal field-effect transistor (FET) devices exhibit a p-type semiconducting property with 3.03 × 10(-6) S/cm electrical conductivity, 1.15 × 10(-4) cm(2)/(V s) carrier mobility, and a 10(4) on/off ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Lee JK, Lee S, Yun SJ. Effects of Fused Thiophene Bridges in Organic Semiconductors for Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.7.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim JH, Song CE, Kim HU, Kang IN, Shin WS, Park MJ, Hwang DH. New quinoxaline derivatives as accepting units in donor-acceptor type low-band gap polymers for organic photovoltaic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Hee Un Kim
- Department of Chemistry; and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon 420-743 Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; 100 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-343 Korea
| | - Moo-Jin Park
- Polymer Science and Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
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Ma X, Mao X, Zhang S, Huang X, Cheng Y, Zhu C. Aza-BODIPY-based D–π–A conjugated polymers with tunable band gap: synthesis and near-infrared emission. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of a bis-methanofullerene-4-nitro-α-cyanostilbene dyad as a potential acceptor for high-performance polymer solar cells. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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