1
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Quill TJ, LeCroy G, Halat DM, Sheelamanthula R, Marks A, Grundy LS, McCulloch I, Reimer JA, Balsara NP, Giovannitti A, Salleo A, Takacs CJ. An ordered, self-assembled nanocomposite with efficient electronic and ionic transport. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:362-368. [PMID: 36797383 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed conductors-materials that can efficiently conduct both ionic and electronic species-are an important class of functional solids. Here we demonstrate an organic nanocomposite that spontaneously forms when mixing an organic semiconductor with an ionic liquid and exhibits efficient room-temperature mixed conduction. We use a polymer known to form a semicrystalline microstructure to template ion intercalation into the side-chain domains of the crystallites, which leaves electronic transport pathways intact. Thus, the resulting material is ordered, exhibiting alternating layers of rigid semiconducting sheets and soft ion-conducting layers. This unique dual-network microstructure leads to a dynamic ionic/electronic nanocomposite with liquid-like ionic transport and highly mobile electronic charges. Using a combination of operando X-ray scattering and in situ spectroscopy, we confirm the ordered structure of the nanocomposite and uncover the mechanisms that give rise to efficient electron transport. These results provide fundamental insights into charge transport in organic semiconductors, as well as suggesting a pathway towards future improvements in these nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Quill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garrett LeCroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David M Halat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rajendar Sheelamanthula
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lorena S Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nitash P Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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2
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Li R, Han Y, Akcora P. Ion channels in sulfonated copolymer-grafted nanoparticles in ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5402-5409. [PMID: 35815406 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids as solvents for polymers or polymer-grafted nanoparticles provides an exciting feature to explore electrolyte-polymer interactions. 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIm-TFSI) can have specific interactions with the polymer through ion-dipole forces or hydrogen bonding. In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PMMA-b-PSS) copolymer-grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different sulfonation levels (∼4.9 to 10.9 mol% SS) were synthesized, and their concentration dependent ionic conductivities were reported in acetonitrile and HMIm-TFSI/acetonitrile mixtures. We found that conductivity enhancement with the particle concentration in acetonitrile was due to the aggregation of grafted particles, resulting in sulfonic domain connectivity. The ionic conductivity was found to be related to the effective hopping transfer within ionic channels. On the contrary, the conductivity decreased or remained constant with increasing particle concentration in HMIm-TFSI/acetonitrile. This result was attributed to the ion coupling between ionic liquids and copolymer domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Yuke Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Pinar Akcora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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3
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Liu S, Li R, Tyagi M, Akcora P. Confinement Effects in Dynamics of Ionic Liquids with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200219. [PMID: 35676199 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted nanoparticle aggregates at low particle concentrations was shown to exhibit different dynamics and ionic conductivity than that of pure ionic liquid in our previous studies. In this work, we report on the quasi-elastic neutron scattering results on ionic liquid containing polymer-grafted nanoparticles at the higher particle concentration. The diffusivity of imidazolium (HMIM + ) cations of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIM-TFSI) in the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted iron oxide nanoparticles and the ionic conductivity of solutions were discussed through the confinement. Analysis of the elastic incoherent structure factor suggested the confinement radius decreased with the addition of grafted particles in HMIM-TFSI/solvent mixture, indicating the confinement that is induced by the high concentration of grafted particles, shrinks the HMIM-TFSI restricted volume. We further conjecture that this enhanced diffusivity occurs as a result of the local ordering of cations within aggregates of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Ruhao Li
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Dr, 20899, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Pinar Akcora
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
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4
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Jain SK, Rawlings D, Antoine S, Segalman RA, Han S. Confinement Promotes Hydrogen Bond Network Formation and Grotthuss Proton Hopping in Ion-Conducting Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal K. Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dakota Rawlings
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ségolène Antoine
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Rahmani F, Scovazzo P, Pasquinelli MA, Nouranian S. Effects of Ionic Liquid Nanoconfinement on the CO 2/CH 4 Separation in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Thiocyanate Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44460-44469. [PMID: 34495628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach was used to investigate the effects of the nanoconfinement of a highly CO2/CH4-selective ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([EMIM][SCN]), in porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrices on the gas separation performance of the resulting membranes. The observed experimental CO2/CH4 permselectivity increased by about 46% when the nominal pore diameter in PVDF, which is a measure of nanoconfinement, decreased from 450 to 100 nm, thus demonstrating nanoconfinement improvements of gas separation. MD simulations corroborated these experimental observations and indicated a suppression in the sorption of CH4 by [EMIM][SCN] when the IL nanoconfinement length decreased within the nonpolar PVDF surfaces. This is consistent with the experimental observation that the CH4 permeance through the IL confined in nonpolar PVDF is significantly less than the CH4 permeance through the IL confined in a water-wetting polar formulation of PVDF. The potential of mean force calculations further indicated that CO2 has more affinity to the nonpolar PVDF surface than CH4. Also, a charge/density distribution analysis of the IL in the PVDF-confined region revealed a layering of the IL into [EMIM]- and [SCN]-rich regions, where CH4 was preferentially distributed in the former and CO2 in the latter. These molecular insights into the nanoconfinement-driven mechanisms in polymer/IL membranes provide a framework for a better molecular design of such membranes for critical gas separation and CO2 capture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Rahmani
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Paul Scovazzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa A Pasquinelli
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sasan Nouranian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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6
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Polarization of ionic liquid and polymer and its implications for polymerized ionic liquids: An overview towards a new theory and simulation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Kang S, Park MJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Block Copolymers with Tethered Acid Groups: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1527-1541. [PMID: 35617073 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research on advanced polymer electrolytes has led to the emergence of all-solid-state energy storage/transfer systems. Early research began with acid-tethered polymers half a century ago, and research interest has gradually shifted to high-precision polymers with controllable acid functional groups and nanoscale morphologies. Consequently, various self-assembled acid-tethered block polymer morphologies have been produced. Their ion properties are profoundly affected by the multiscale intermolecular interactions in confinements. The creation of hierarchically organized ion/dipole arrangements inside the block copolymer nanostructures has been highlighted as a future method for developing advanced single-ion polymers with decoupled ion dynamics and polymer chain relaxation. Several emerging practical applications of the acid-tethered block copolymers have been explored to draw attention to the challenges and opportunities in developing state-of-the-art electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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8
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Bandegi A, Bañuelos JL, Foudazi R. Formation of ion gels by polymerization of block copolymer/ionic liquid/oil mesophases. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6102-6114. [PMID: 32638811 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a new method of developing ion gels through polymerization of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) templates of monomer (styrene), cross-linker (divinylbenzene), ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), and amphiphilic block copolymers (Pluronic F127). The polymerization of the oil phase boosts the mechanical properties of the ion-conducting electrolytes. We discuss the effect of tortuosity induced by crystalline domains and LLC structure on the conductivity of ion gels. The ion transport in polymerized LLCs (polyLLCs) can be controlled by changing the composition of the mesophases. Increasing the block copolymer concentration enhances the crystallinity of PEO blocks in the conductive domains, which slows down the dynamics of PEO chain and ion transport. We show that by adjusting the composition of LLC mesophases, the mechanical strength of ion gels can be increased one order of magnitude without compromising the ionic conductivity. The polyLLCs with 45/25/30 wt% (block copolymer/IL/oil) composition has storage modulus and ionic conductivity higher than 1 MPa and 3 mS cm-1 at 70 °C, respectively. The results suggest that LLC templating is a promising method to develop highly conductive ion gels, which provides advantages in terms of variety and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bandegi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | - Jose L Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Reza Foudazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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9
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Li A, Yan T. Proton Propensity and Orientation of Imidazolium Cation at Liquid Imidazole-Vacuum Interface: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4010-4016. [PMID: 32309950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole has gained attention as an alternative to anhydrous proton conductor in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. A detailed investigation of proton propensity and the orientation of the imidazolium cation at the liquid-vacuum interface is important for understanding the interfacial properties of imidazole-based proton-conductive materials. Here, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulation on a slab model of the liquid imidazole-vacuum interface. Proton transportation process between the imidazolium cation and neutral imidazole molecules is described by the multistate empirical valence bond model of imidazole developed previously. The imidazolium cation shows a tendency to stay in the bulk region rather than at the outermost surface, and the NN vectors and norm vectors of both the imidazolium cation and imidazole molecules are more probable to be perpendicular to the surface normal vector at the interface than in the bulk. The orientation of the hydrogen bond cluster shows the same tendency as the NN vectors, which indicates that proton transportation along the direction of the surface normal vector is hindered. The instantaneous surface analyses show that the fluctuation is depressed when the imidazolium cation is near the outermost surface, which makes it less favorable for the cation appearing at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Li
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.,College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Tianying Yan
- Institute of New Energy Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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10
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Xie S, Meyer DJ, Wang E, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Structure and Properties of Bicontinuous Microemulsions from Salt-Doped Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Kim O, Kim K, Choi UH, Park MJ. Tuning anhydrous proton conduction in single-ion polymers by crystalline ion channels. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5029. [PMID: 30487526 PMCID: PMC6261987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of high-conductivity solid-state electrolyte materials with eliminated polarization loss is a great challenge. Here we show a promising potential of single-ion block copolymers with crystalline protogenic channels as efficient proton conductors. Through the self-organization of zwitterion, imidazole, and polystyrene sulfonate with controlled dipolar interactions therein, the distance between neighboring proton donors and acceptors in ionic crystals, as well as the dipolar orientation in nanoscale ionic phases was precisely tuned. This allowed a markedly high static dielectric constant comparable to water and fast structural diffusion of protons with a low potential barrier for single-ion polymers. The optimized sample exhibited a high proton diffusion coefficient of 2.4 × 10–6 cm2 s–1 under anhydrous conditions at 90 °C. High-conductivity solid-state electrolyte materials with minimal polarization loss are difficult to synthesize. Here the authors show single-ion block copolymers with crystalline protogenic channels having a promising potential to be used as efficient proton conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnuri Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Kyoungwook Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - U Hyeok Choi
- Department of of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea. .,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
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12
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Cheng Y, Yang J, Hung JH, Patra TK, Simmons DS. Design Rules for Highly Conductive Polymeric Ionic Liquids from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Cheng
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Junhong Yang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Tarak K. Patra
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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13
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Guan J, Wang Y, Xing C, Ye L, Li Y, Li J. Semicrystalline Polymer Binary-Phase Structure Templated Quasi-Block Graft Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7508-7518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Guan
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.2019,
Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyuan Wang
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ye
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingye Li
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.2019,
Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
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14
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van der Loop TH, Ottosson N, Vad T, Sager WFC, Bakker HJ, Woutersen S. Communication: Slow proton-charge diffusion in nanoconfined water. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:131101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tibert H. van der Loop
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Ottosson
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vad
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke F. C. Sager
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Gahlot S, Gupta H, Kulshrestha V. Hydrated proton self-diffusion study in ion-exchange membranes by MRI and impedance spectroscopy. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Watanabe M, Thomas ML, Zhang S, Ueno K, Yasuda T, Dokko K. Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and Conversion Materials and Devices. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7190-7239. [PMID: 28084733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions and can be further defined as molten salts having melting points lower than 100 °C. One of the most important research areas for IL utilization is undoubtedly their energy application, especially for energy storage and conversion materials and devices, because there is a continuously increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. In this article, various application of ILs are reviewed by focusing on their use as electrolyte materials for Li/Na ion batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, Li-oxygen batteries, and nonhumidified fuel cells and as carbon precursors for electrode catalysts of fuel cells and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Due to their characteristic properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity, ILs appear to meet the rigorous demands/criteria of these various applications. However, for further development, specific applications for which these characteristic properties become unique (i.e., not easily achieved by other materials) must be explored. Thus, through strong demands for research and consideration of ILs unique properties, we will be able to identify indispensable applications for ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Morgan L Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University , 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yasuda
- Institute of Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Kita 21. Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.,Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Zhang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Youquan Deng
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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18
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Kallem P, Eguizabal A, Mallada R, Pina MP. Constructing Straight Polyionic Liquid Microchannels for Fast Anhydrous Proton Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:35377-35389. [PMID: 27976844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) have triggered great interest as all solid-state flexible electrolytes because of safety and superior thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability. It is of great importance to fabricate highly conductive electrolyte membranes capable to operate above 120 °C under anhydrous conditions and in the absence of mineral acids, without sacrificing the mechanical behavior. Herein, the diminished dimensional and mechanical stability of poly[1-(3H-imidazolium)ethylene]bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide has been improved thanks to its infiltration on a polybenzimidale (PBI) support with specific pore architecture. Our innovative solution is based on the synergic combination of an emerging class of materials and sustainable large-scale manufacturing techniques (UV polymerization and replication by microtransfer-molding). Following this approach, the PIL plays the proton conduction role, and the PBI microsieve (SPBI) mainly provides the mechanical reinforcement. Among the resulting electrolyte membranes, conductivity values above 50 mS·cm-1 at 200 °C and 10.0 MPa as tensile stress are shown by straight microchannels of poly[1-(3H-imidazolium)ethylene]bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide cross-linked with 1% of dyvinylbenzene embedded in a PBI microsieve with well-defined porosity (36%) and pore diameter (17 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parashuram Kallem
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza , Edif. I+D+i, Campus Rio Ebro. C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adela Eguizabal
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza , Edif. I+D+i, Campus Rio Ebro. C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Reyes Mallada
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza , Edif. I+D+i, Campus Rio Ebro. C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Pina
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza , Edif. I+D+i, Campus Rio Ebro. C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Jung HY, Park MJ. Thermodynamics and phase behavior of acid-tethered block copolymers with ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:250-257. [PMID: 27321068 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the phase behavior of acid-tethered block copolymers with and without ionic liquids. Two phosphonated block copolymers and their sulfonated analogs were synthesized by fine-tuning the degree of polymerization and the acid content. The block copolymers carrying acid groups with ionic liquids exhibited rich phase sequences, i.e., disorder-lamellae (LAM), gyroid-LAM, gyroid-hexagonal cylinder (HEX), and gyroid-A15 lattice, and the cation/anion ratio in the ionic liquid exerted profound effects on the segregation strength and topology of the self-assembled structures. Additionally, using ionic liquids with excessive cation content was found to enhance the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χeff, of the samples. However, as the anion content of the ionic liquids increased the segregation strength decreased. This is attributed to the packing frustration accompanied by the prevailing repulsive electrostatic interactions of the anions in the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix. As the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquids increased, well-defined ordered phases emerged in the phosphonated block copolymers with increased anion content, contrary to the disordered phases of the sulfonated samples. Thus, the balance between solvation energy of the anions and the electrostatic interactions is a key determinant of the thermodynamics of acid-tethered block copolymers containing ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Korea.
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Korea. and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Korea
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20
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Noro A, Tomita Y, Matsushita Y, Thomas EL. Enthalpy-Driven Swelling of Photonic Block Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Noro
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
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21
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McDonnell MT, Xu H, Keffer DJ. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of an Excess Proton in a Triethylene Glycol–Water Solution: Solvation Structure, Mechanism, and Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5223-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall T. McDonnell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
and ‡Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Haixuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
and ‡Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David J. Keffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
and ‡Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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22
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Chopade SA, So S, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP. Anhydrous Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6200-6210. [PMID: 26927732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) exhibiting high ionic conductivity coupled with mechanical robustness and high thermal stability are vital for the design of next-generation lithium-ion batteries and high-temperature fuel cells. We present the in situ preparation of nanostructured PEMs incorporating a protic ionic liquid (IL) into one of the domains of a microphase-separated block copolymer created via polymerization-induced microphase separation. This facile, one-pot synthetic strategy transforms a homogeneous liquid precursor consisting of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macro-chain-transfer agent, styrene and divinylbenzene monomers, and protic IL into a robust and transparent monolith. The resulting PEMs exhibit a bicontinuous morphology comprising PEO/protic IL conducting pathways and highly cross-linked polystyrene (PS) domains. The cross-linked PS mechanical scaffold imparts thermal and mechanical stability to the PEMs, with an elastic modulus approaching 10 MPa at 180 °C, without sacrificing the ionic conductivity of the system. Crucially, the long-range continuity of the PEO/protic IL conducting nanochannels results in an outstanding ionic conductivity of 14 mS/cm at 180 °C. We posit that proton conduction in the protic IL occurs via the vehicular mechanism and the PEMs exhibit an average proton transference number of 0.7. This approach is very promising for the development of high-temperature, robust PEMs with excellent proton conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay A Chopade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Soonyong So
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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23
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Sharick S, Koski J, Riggleman RA, Winey KI. Isolating the Effect of Molecular Weight on Ion Transport of Non-Ionic Diblock Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Mixtures. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sharick
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason Koski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Sanoja GE, Popere BC, Beckingham BS, Evans CM, Lynd NA, Segalman RA. Structure–Conductivity Relationships of Block Copolymer Membranes Based on Hydrated Protic Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Effect of Domain Spacing. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Bryan S. Beckingham
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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25
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Evans CM, Sanoja GE, Popere BC, Segalman RA. Anhydrous Proton Transport in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers: Roles of Block Length, Ionic Content, and Confinement. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
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26
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Ionic liquids as self-assembly guide for the formation of nanostructured block copolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Gahlot S, Kulshrestha V. Dramatic improvement in water retention and proton conductivity in electrically aligned functionalized CNT/SPEEK nanohybrid PEM. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:264-272. [PMID: 25513706 DOI: 10.1021/am506033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanohybrid membranes of electrically aligned functionalized carbon nanotube f CNT with sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) have been successfully prepared by solution casting. Functionalization of CNTs was done through a carboxylation and sulfonation route. Further, a constant electric field (500 V·cm(-2)) has been applied to align CNTs in the same direction during the membrane drying process. All the membranes are characterized chemically, thermally, and mechanically by the means of FTIR, DSC, DMA, UTM, SEM, TEM, and AFM techniques. Intermolecular interactions between the components in hybrid membranes are established by FTIR. Physicochemical measurements were done to analyze membrane stability. Membranes are evaluated for proton conductivity (30-90 °C) and methanol crossover resistance to reveal their potential for direct methanol fuel cell application. Incorporation of f CNT reasonably increases the ion-exchange capacity, water retention, and proton conductivity while it reduces the methanol permeability. The maximum proton conductivity has been found in the S-sCNT-5 nanohybrid PEM with higher methanol crossover resistance. The prepared membranes can be also used for electrode material for fuel cells and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gahlot
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364 002, Gujarat, India
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28
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Jiang Y, Freyer JL, Cotanda P, Brucks SD, Killops KL, Bandar JS, Torsitano C, Balsara NP, Lambert TH, Campos LM. The evolution of cyclopropenium ions into functional polyelectrolytes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5950. [PMID: 25575214 PMCID: PMC4354017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Versatile polyelectrolytes with tunable physical properties have the potential to be transformative in applications such as energy storage, fuel cells and various electronic devices. Among the types of materials available for these applications, nanostructured cationic block copolyelectrolytes offer mechanical integrity and well-defined conducting paths for ionic transport. To date, most cationic polyelectrolytes bear charge formally localized on heteroatoms and lack broad modularity to tune their physical properties. To overcome these challenges, we describe herein the development of a new class of functional polyelectrolytes based on the aromatic cyclopropenium ion. We demonstrate the facile synthesis of a series of polymers and nanoparticles based on monomeric cyclopropenium building blocks incorporating various functional groups that affect physical properties. The materials exhibit high ionic conductivity and thermal stability due to the nature of the cationic moieties, thus rendering this class of new materials as an attractive alternative to develop ion-conducting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jessica L. Freyer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Pepa Cotanda
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Spencer D. Brucks
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Kato L. Killops
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | | | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Environmental Energy Technologies Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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29
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Sharma PP, Gahlot S, Bhil BM, Gupta H, Kulshrestha V. An environmentally friendly process for the synthesis of an fGO modified anion exchange membrane for electro-membrane applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) based on chemically covalently modified graphene oxide (GO) for electrodialysis and fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem P. Sharma
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Swati Gahlot
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Batuk M. Bhil
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Hariom Gupta
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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30
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Nykaza JR, Ye Y, Elabd YA. Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymers with long alkyl side-chain length. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Kim O, Kim SY, Park B, Hwang W, Park MJ. Factors Affecting Electromechanical Properties of Ionic Polymer Actuators Based on Ionic Liquid-Containing Sulfonated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500869h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onnuri Kim
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Advanced Materials
Science, and §Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Advanced Materials
Science, and §Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Byungrak Park
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Advanced Materials
Science, and §Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Woonbong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Advanced Materials
Science, and §Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Division of Advanced Materials
Science, and §Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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32
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Gahlot S, Sharma PP, Kulshrestha V, Jha PK. SGO/SPES-based highly conducting polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5595-5601. [PMID: 24697540 DOI: 10.1021/am5000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) consisting of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with enhanced electrochemical properties have been successfully prepared by incorporating different amount of sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO). Composite membranes are tested for proton conductivity (30-90 °C) and methanol crossover resistance to expose their potential for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. Incorporation of SGO considerably increases the ion-exchange capacity (IEC), water retention and proton conductivity and reduces the methanol permeability. Membranes have been characterized by FTIR, XRD, DSC, SEM, TEM, and AFM techniques. Intermolecular interactions between the components in composite membranes are established by FTIR. The distribution of SGO throughout the membrane matrix has been examined using SEM and TEM and found to be uniform. The maximum proton conductivity has been found in 5% SGO composite with higher methanol crossover resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gahlot
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
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33
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Zhou R, Liu W, Kong J, Zhou D, Ding G, Leong YW, Pallathadka PK, Lu X. Chemically cross-linked ultrathin electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanofibrous mats as ionic liquid host in electrochromic devices. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Kim SY, Lee J, Park MJ. Proton Hopping and Diffusion Behavior of Sulfonated Block Copolymers Containing Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4025152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yeon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials
Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Joungphil Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials
Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Division of Advanced Materials
Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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35
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McIntosh LD, Kubo T, Lodge TP. Morphology, Modulus, and Conductivity of a Triblock Terpolymer/Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Membrane. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4022373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. McIntosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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36
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Schulze MW, McIntosh LD, Hillmyer MA, Lodge TP. High-modulus, high-conductivity nanostructured polymer electrolyte membranes via polymerization-induced phase separation. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:122-6. [PMID: 24328570 DOI: 10.1021/nl4034818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary challenge in solid-state polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) is to enhance properties, such as modulus, toughness, and high temperature stability, without sacrificing ionic conductivity. We report a remarkably facile one-pot synthetic strategy based on polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) to generate nanostructured PEMs that exhibit an unprecedented combination of high modulus and ionic conductivity. Simple heating of a poly(ethylene oxide) macromolecular chain transfer agent dissolved in a mixture of ionic liquid, styrene and divinylbenzene, leads to a bicontinuous PEM comprising interpenetrating nanodomains of highly cross-linked polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide)/ionic liquid. Ionic conductivities higher than the 1 mS/cm benchmark were achieved in samples with an elastic modulus approaching 1 GPa at room temperature. Crucially, these samples are robust solids above 100 °C, where the conductivity is significantly higher. This strategy holds tremendous potential to advance lithium-ion battery technology by enabling the use of lithium metal anodes or to serve as membranes in high-temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Schulze
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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37
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He H, Adzima B, Zhong M, Averick S, Koepsel R, Murata H, Russell A, Luebke D, Takahara A, Nulwala H, Matyjaszewski K. Multifunctional photo-crosslinked polymeric ionic hydrogel films. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crosslinked ionic hydrogel films prepared by photopolymerization have multiple applications as magnetic, catalytic, antibiotic, and fluorescent materials.
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38
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Jameson LP, Balaz M, Dzyuba SV, Kamiya N. Conformational preference of a porphyrin rotor in confined environments. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45668d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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39
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Young WS, Kuan WF, Epps TH. Block copolymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shiue Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Wei-Fan Kuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware 19716
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40
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Choi JH, Ye Y, Elabd YA, Winey KI. Network Structure and Strong Microphase Separation for High Ion Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
| | - Yuesheng Ye
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104, United States
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41
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He H, Zhong M, Adzima B, Luebke D, Nulwala H, Matyjaszewski K. A Simple and Universal Gel Permeation Chromatography Technique for Precise Molecular Weight Characterization of Well-Defined Poly(ionic liquid)s. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4227-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4012645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun He
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Brian Adzima
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
| | - David Luebke
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
| | - Hunaid Nulwala
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
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42
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Effect of composition and nanostructure on CO2/N2 transport properties of supported alkyl-imidazolium block copolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Product Technology; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Product Technology; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; P.R. China
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44
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Chen J, Li XZ, Zhang Q, Michaelides A, Wang E. Nature of proton transport in a water-filled carbon nanotube and in liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6344-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Kim O, Kim SY, Ahn H, Kim CW, Rhee YM, Park MJ. Phase Behavior and Conductivity of Sulfonated Block Copolymers Containing Heterocyclic Diazole-Based Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301803f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onnuri Kim
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Hyungmin Ahn
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Chang Woo Kim
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Young Min Rhee
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Division
of Advanced Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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46
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Colmenero J, Arbe A. Recent progress on polymer dynamics by neutron scattering: From simple polymers to complex materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Ye Y, Choi JH, Winey KI, Elabd YA. Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block and Random Copolymers: Effect of Weak Microphase Separation on Ion Transport. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Jae-Hong Choi
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
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48
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Hoarfrost ML, Segalman RA. Conductivity Scaling Relationships for Nanostructured Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:937-943. [PMID: 35607047 DOI: 10.1021/mz300241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the properties of membranes composed of mixtures of block copolymers with ionic liquids, it is essential to understand universal scaling relationships between composition, structure, temperature, and ionic conductivity. In this work, we demonstrate the universality of relationships developed to describe the temperature and concentration dependence of ionic conductivity in such membranes by comparing the conductivity behavior of mixtures of ionic liquid with two block copolymer chemistries. The conductivities of all the mixtures are described by a single expression, which combines percolation theory with the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. Percolation theory describes the power law dependence of conductivity on the overall volume fraction of ionic liquid, while the VTF equation takes into account the effect of the glass transition temperature of the conducting phase on the temperature dependence. The dominance of the overall volume fraction of ionic liquid in determining conductivity indicates that there is incredible flexibility in designing highly conductive block copolymer/ionic liquid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Hoarfrost
- Department
of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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49
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Hoarfrost ML, Tyagi M, Segalman RA, Reimer JA. Proton Hopping and Long-Range Transport in the Protic Ionic Liquid [Im][TFSI], Probed by Pulsed-Field Gradient NMR and Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:8201-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3044237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Hoarfrost
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy and Environmental Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- National Institue of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy and Environmental Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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