1
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Lang M, Scholz R. On the Swelling of Polymer Network Strands. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400025. [PMID: 38323367 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Large scale computer simulations are employed to analyze the conformations of network strands in polymer networks at preparation conditions (characterized by a polymer volume fraction of ϕ0) and when swollen to equilibrium (characterized by a polymer volume fraction ϕ < ϕ0). Network strands in end-linked model networks are weakly stretched and partially swollen at preparation conditions as compared to linear polymers in the same solvent at ϕ0. Equilibrium swelling causes non-ideal chain conformations characterized by an effective scaling exponent approaching 7/10 on intermediate length scales for increasing overlap of the chains. The chain size in a network consists of a fluctuating and a time average "elastic" contribution. The elastic contribution swells essentially affinely ∝(ϕ0/ϕ)2/3, whereas the swelling of the fluctuating part lies between the expected swelling of the entanglement constraints and the swelling of non-cross-linked chains in a comparable semi-dilute solution. The total swelling of chain size results from the changes of both fluctuating and non-fluctuating contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Koo MB, Lee JH, Kim GW, Jang H, Kim SY, Kim KT. Structural Homogeneity of Macromolecular Networks by End-to-End Click Chemistry between Discrete Tetrahedral Star Macromolecules. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:75-81. [PMID: 38170942 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linking via the end-to-end click chemistry of multiarm star polymers creates polymer networks with minimal inhomogeneities. Although it has been suggested that the mechanical and swelling properties of such networks depend on the absence of defects, the structural details of homogeneous networks created by this method have not yet been studied at the molecular level. Here, we report the synthesis of discrete tetrahedral star macromolecules (dTSMs) composed of polylactide (PLA) arms with discrete molecular weight and sequence. Polymer networks prepared by 4 × 4 cross-linking by Cu-free strain-promoted cyclooctyne-azide click chemistry (SPAAC) reaction exhibited a high degree of swelling (>40 fold by weight) in solvents without sacrificing mechanical robustness (elastic modulus >4 kPa). The structural details of the networks were investigated by network disassembly spectrometry (NDS) using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By implementing a cleavable repeating unit in the discrete PLA arms of dTSM in a sequence-specific manner, the networks could be disassembled into fragments having discrete molecular weights precisely representing their connectivity in the network. This NDS analysis confirmed that end-to-end click reactions of dTSM networks resulted in the formation of a homogeneous network above the critical concentration (∼10 w/v%) of building blocks in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Beom Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Geon Woong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heejeong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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3
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Lang M, Müller T. On the Reference Size of Chains in a Network and the Shear Modulus of Unentangled Networks Made of Real Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Müller
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Bunk C, Löser L, Fribiczer N, Komber H, Jakisch L, Scholz R, Voit B, Seiffert S, Saalwächter K, Lang M, Böhme F. Amphiphilic Model Networks Based on PEG and PCL Tetra-arm Star Polymers with Complementary Reactivity. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Bunk
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Löser
- Institut für Physik - NMR Group, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nora Fribiczer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lothar Jakisch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR Group, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Lang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Böhme
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Lang M, Scholz R, Löser L, Bunk C, Fribiczer N, Seiffert S, Böhme F, Saalwächter K. Swelling and Residual Bond Orientations of Polymer Model Gels: The Entanglement-Free Limit. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Löser
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physics − NMR Group, Betty-Heimann-Straße 7, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carolin Bunk
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Fribiczer
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Böhme
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physics − NMR Group, Betty-Heimann-Straße 7, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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6
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Direct probing spiro-biloops via a partially junction-cleavable network. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Zihan W, Peibin K, Tianyu W, Dongli C, Xiaoping Y, Gang S. Atomistic understanding of cross-linking network in different epoxy resin: Effect of loop structure. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Characterization of Monte Carlo Dynamic/Kinetic Properties of Local Structure in Bond Fluctuation Model of Polymer System. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174962. [PMID: 34501051 PMCID: PMC8433752 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of the characterization of local Monte Carlo (MC) dynamics of an equilibrium bond fluctuation model polymer matrix (BFM), in time interval typical for MC simulations of non-linear optical phenomena in host-guest systems. The study contributes to the physical picture of the dynamical aspects of quasi-binary mosaic states characterized previously in the static regime. The polymer dynamics was studied at three temperatures (below, above and close to the glass transition), using time-dependent generalization of the static parameters which characterize local free volume and local mobility of the matrix. Those parameters play the central role in the kinetic MC model of host-guest systems. The analysis was done in terms of the probability distributions of instantaneous and time-averaged local parameters. The main result is the characterization of time scales characteristic of various local structural processes. Slowing down effects close to the glass transition are clearly marked. The approach yields an elegant geometric criterion for the glass transition temperature. A simplified quantitative physical picture of the dynamics of guest molecules dispersed in BFM matrix at low temperatures offers a starting point for stochastic modeling of host-guest systems.
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9
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Lang M, Kumar KS. Simple and General Approach for Reversible Condensation Polymerization with Cyclization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kiran Suresh Kumar
- Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Müller
- Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Mitus AC, Saphiannikova M, Radosz W, Toshchevikov V, Pawlik G. Modeling of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Host-Guest Systems Using Bond Fluctuation Monte Carlo Model: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1454. [PMID: 33809785 PMCID: PMC8002275 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We review the results of Monte Carlo studies of chosen nonlinear optical effects in host-guest systems, using methods based on the bond-fluctuation model (BFM) for a polymer matrix. In particular, we simulate the inscription of various types of diffraction gratings in degenerate two wave mixing (DTWM) experiments (surface relief gratings (SRG), gratings in polymers doped with azo-dye molecules and gratings in biopolymers), poling effects (electric field poling of dipolar molecules and all-optical poling) and photomechanical effect. All these processes are characterized in terms of parameters measured in experiments, such as diffraction efficiency, nonlinear susceptibilities, density profiles or loading parameters. Local free volume in the BFM matrix, characterized by probabilistic distributions and correlation functions, displays a complex mosaic-like structure of scale-free clusters, which are thought to be responsible for heterogeneous dynamics of nonlinear optical processes. The photoinduced dynamics of single azopolymer chains, studied in two and three dimensions, displays complex sub-diffusive, diffusive and super-diffusive dynamical regimes. A directly related mathematical model of SRG inscription, based on the continuous time random walk (CTRW) formalism, is formulated and studied. Theoretical part of the review is devoted to the justification of the a priori assumptions made in the BFM modeling of photoinduced motion of the azo-polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni C. Mitus
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Wojciech Radosz
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Vladimir Toshchevikov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Grzegorz Pawlik
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.M.); (W.R.)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Lin TS, Wang R, Johnson JA, Olsen BD. Revisiting the Elasticity Theory for Real Gaussian Phantom Networks. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Abstract
A partially decrosslinkable network provides a general protocol for full, direct and quantitative characterization of polymer networks through its retainable units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
The impact of finite cycles on the phantom modulus in an otherwise perfect network is computed exactly. It is shown that pending cycles reduce the phantom modulus of the network by kT/V independent of junction functionality. The correction for nonpending cycles is larger than estimated previously within this particular approximation of the surrounding network structure. It is discussed that loop formation inevitably leads to streched chain conformations, if the loops are built step by step as part of the network structure. All network loops tend to contract simultaneously to optimize conformations, which leads to an increasing stretch of chains in larger loops that can be observed in computer simulations. Possible other corrections to the phantom modulus that were left aside in previous work are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Schweikle M, Zinn T, Lund R, Tiainen H. Injectable synthetic hydrogel for bone regeneration: Physicochemical characterisation of a high and a low pH gelling system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:67-76. [PMID: 29853138 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid poly(ethylene glycol)-co-peptide hydrogels are a versatile platform for bone regeneration. For the use as injectable scaffolds, a good understanding of reaction kinetics and physical properties is vital. However, these factors have not yet been comprehensively illuminated. We show that gelation time can be effectively controlled by pH without affecting the elasticity of the formed hydrogels. Maleimide functionalised PEG gels at lower pH and produces more densely cross-linked networks than vinylsulfone functionalised PEG. Both form non-ideal networks. The elastic moduli on the order of a few kPa are in good agreement with the structural characterisation. Primary human osteoblasts cultured in proximity to bulk gels were not adversely affected in vitro. The results demonstrate that hybrid PEG-peptide hydrogels can be tailored to the requirements of in situ gelation. Attributed to their increased structural properties and a higher tolerance towards low pH, maleimide functionalised hydrogels might provide a better alternative for injectable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schweikle
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Zinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Wang J, Lin TS, Gu Y, Wang R, Olsen BD, Johnson JA. Counting Secondary Loops Is Required for Accurate Prediction of End-Linked Polymer Network Elasticity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:244-249. [PMID: 35610901 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To predict and understand the properties of polymer networks, it is necessary to quantify network defects. Of the various possible network defects, loops are perhaps the most pervasive and yet difficult to directly measure. Network disassembly spectrometry (NDS) has previously enabled counting of the simplest loops-primary loops-but higher-order loops, e.g., secondary loops, have remained elusive. Here, we report that the introduction of a nondegradable tracer within the NDS framework enables the simultaneous measurement of primary and secondary loops in end-linked polymer networks for the first time. With this new "NDS2.0" method, the concentration dependences of the primary and secondary loop fractions are measured; the results agree well with a purely topological theory for network formation from phantom chains. In addition, semibatch monomer addition is shown to decrease both primary and secondary loops, though the latter to a much smaller extent. Finally, using the measured primary and secondary loop fractions, we were able to predict the shear storage modulus of end-linked polymer gels via real elastic network theory (RENT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tzyy-Shyang Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Lin TS, Wang R, Johnson JA, Olsen BD. Topological Structure of Networks Formed from Symmetric Four-Arm Precursors. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Shyang Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Wang R, Lin TS, Johnson JA, Olsen BD. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation for Quantification of the Gel Point of Polymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1414-1419. [PMID: 35650804 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the gel point for real polymer networks is a long-standing challenge in polymer chemistry and physics that is extremely important for applications of gels and elastomers. Here, kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is applied to simultaneously describe network topology and growth kinetics. By accounting for topological defects in the polymer networks, the simulation can quantitatively predict experimental gel point measurements without any fitting parameters. Gel point suppression becomes more severe as the primary loop fraction in the networks increases. A topological homomorphism theory mapping defects onto effective junctions is developed to qualitatively explain the origins of this effect, which accurately captures the gel point suppression in the low loop limit where cooperative effects between topological defects are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tzyy-Shyang Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Ozaki H, Koga T. Network Formation and Mechanical Properties of Telechelic Associating Polymers with Fixed Junction Multiplicity. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ozaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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21
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Demirel Özçam D, Teymour F. Chain-by-Chain Monte Carlo Simulation: A Novel Hybrid Method for Modeling Polymerization. Part I. Linear Controlled Radical Polymerization Systems. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Demirel Özçam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Fouad Teymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Chicago IL 60616 USA
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22
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Ozaki H, Koga T. Theoretical Study of Network Formation and Mechanical Properties of Physical Gels with a Well-Defined Junction Structure. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7745-53. [PMID: 27431804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A statistical-mechanical theory of thermoreversible gelation considering loops for the system consisting of bifunctional polymer units carrying A functional groups and trifunctional units carrying B functional groups at their ends is constructed. We obtain the sol-gel transition line and the properties of the post-gel region as functions of the polymer concentration, temperature, association constant, and loop parameter using the present theory. In this article, we calculate the number concentration of elastically effective chains in the gel region and obtain the shear modulus by an application of the phantom network theory. The shear modulus obtained by this theory is lower than that obtained by conventional theory because of loop formation. We find that these theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ozaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koga
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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23
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Li X, Murthy NS, Becker ML, Latour RA. Multiscale approach for the construction of equilibrated all-atom models of a poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel. Biointerphases 2016; 11:021002. [PMID: 27013229 PMCID: PMC4808066 DOI: 10.1116/1.4944829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiscale modeling approach is presented for the efficient construction of an equilibrated all-atom model of a cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel using the all-atom polymer consistent force field (PCFF). The final equilibrated all-atom model was built with a systematic simulation toolset consisting of three consecutive parts: (1) building a global cross-linked PEG-chain network at experimentally determined cross-link density using an on-lattice Monte Carlo method based on the bond fluctuation model, (2) recovering the local molecular structure of the network by transitioning from the lattice model to an off-lattice coarse-grained (CG) model parameterized from PCFF, followed by equilibration using high performance molecular dynamics methods, and (3) recovering the atomistic structure of the network by reverse mapping from the equilibrated CG structure, hydrating the structure with explicitly represented water, followed by final equilibration using PCFF parameterization. The developed three-stage modeling approach has application to a wide range of other complex macromolecular hydrogel systems, including the integration of peptide, protein, and/or drug molecules as side-chains within the hydrogel network for the incorporation of bioactivity for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Departments of Polymer Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
| | - Robert A Latour
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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24
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Oshima K, Fujimoto T, Minami E, Mitsukami Y. Model Polyelectrolyte Gels Synthesized by End-Linking of Tetra-Arm Polymers with Click Chemistry: Synthesis and Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Oshima
- Superabsorbents Research
Center, NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., 992-1 Aza Nishioki Okihama, Aboshi-ku Himeji, Hyogo 671-1292, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Superabsorbents Research
Center, NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., 992-1 Aza Nishioki Okihama, Aboshi-ku Himeji, Hyogo 671-1292, Japan
| | - Erina Minami
- Superabsorbents Research
Center, NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., 992-1 Aza Nishioki Okihama, Aboshi-ku Himeji, Hyogo 671-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Mitsukami
- Superabsorbents Research
Center, NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD., 992-1 Aza Nishioki Okihama, Aboshi-ku Himeji, Hyogo 671-1292, Japan
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25
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Zhou H, Schön EM, Wang M, Glassman MJ, Liu J, Zhong M, Díaz Díaz D, Olsen BD, Johnson JA. Crossover Experiments Applied to Network Formation Reactions: Improved Strategies for Counting Elastically Inactive Molecular Defects in PEG Gels and Hyperbranched Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9464-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5042385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva-Maria Schön
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Fakul tät für Chemie und
Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Fakul tät für Chemie und
Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Nishi K, Fujii K, Katsumoto Y, Sakai T, Shibayama M. Kinetic Aspect on Gelation Mechanism of Tetra-PEG Hydrogel. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nishi
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujii
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Katsumoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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27
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Lang M. Monomer Fluctuations and the Distribution of Residual Bond Orientations in Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Lattuada M, Del Gado E, Abete T, de Arcangelis L, Lazzari S, Diederich V, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Kinetics of Free-Radical Cross-Linking Polymerization: Comparative Experimental and Numerical Study. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4012347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lattuada
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, route de l’ancienne
Papeterie CP 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Tiziana Abete
- Department of Physical Sciences
and SPIN, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia
80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucilla de Arcangelis
- Department
of Industrial and Information
Engineering and CNISM, Second University of Naples, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Vincent Diederich
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich
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29
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Dušek K, Dušková-Smrčková M, Huybrechts J, Ďuračková A. Polymer Networks from Preformed Precursors Having Molecular Weight and Group Reactivity Distributions. Theory and Application. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302396u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Dušek
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrea Ďuračková
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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30
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Abstract
Much of our fundamental knowledge related to polymer networks is built on an assumption of ideal end-linked network structure. Real networks invariably possess topological imperfections that negatively affect mechanical properties; modifications of classical network theories have been developed to account for these defects. Despite decades of effort, there are no known experimental protocols for precise quantification of even the simplest topological network imperfections: primary loops. Here we present a simple conceptual framework that enables primary loop quantification in polymeric materials. We apply this framework to measure the fraction of primary loop junctions in trifunctional PEG-based hydrogels. We anticipate that the concepts described here will open new avenues of theoretical and experimental research related to polymer network structure.
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