1
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Howard SC, Muir BW, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Streamlining the Generation of Advanced Polymer Materials Through the Marriage of Automation and Multiblock Copolymer Synthesis in Emulsion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320154. [PMID: 38400586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are of paramount importance in modern life - an incredibly wide range of polymeric materials possessing an impressive variety of properties have been developed to date. The recent emergence of artificial intelligence and automation presents a great opportunity to significantly speed up discovery and development of the next generation of advanced polymeric materials. We have focused on the high-throughput automated synthesis of multiblock copolymers that comprise three or more distinct polymer segments of different monomer composition bonded in linear sequence. The present work has exploited automation to prepare high molar mass multiblock copolymers (typically>100,000 g mol-1) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in aqueous emulsion. A variety of original multiblock copolymers have been synthesised via a Chemspeed robot, exemplified by a multiblock copolymer comprising thirteen constituent blocks. Moreover, libraries of copolymers of randomized monomer compositions (acrylates, acrylamides, methacrylates, and styrenes), block orders, and block lengths were also generated, thereby demonstrating the robustness of our synthetic approach. One multiblock copolymer contained all four monomer families listed in the pool, which is unprecedented in the literature. The present work demonstrates that automation has the power to render complex and laborious syntheses of such unprecedented materials not just possible, but facile and straightforward, thus representing the way forward to the next generation of complex macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS (UMR 5629), ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun C Howard
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Muir
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Serkhacheva NS, Prokopov NI, Lysenko EA, Kozhunova EY, Chernikova EV. Modern Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1408. [PMID: 38794601 PMCID: PMC11125046 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful and versatile technique for producing colloidal dispersions of block copolymer particles with desired morphologies. Currently, PISA can be carried out in various media, over a wide range of temperatures, and using different mechanisms. This method enables the production of biodegradable objects and particles with various functionalities and stimuli sensitivity. Consequently, PISA offers a broad spectrum of potential commercial applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of rational synthesis of block copolymer particles with diverse morphologies using various PISA techniques and mechanisms. The discussion begins with an examination of the main thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural aspects of block copolymer micellization, followed by an exploration of the key principles of PISA in the formation of gradient and block copolymers. The review also delves into the main mechanisms of PISA implementation and the principles governing particle morphology. Finally, the potential future developments in PISA are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Serkhacheva
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nickolay I. Prokopov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgenii A. Lysenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Kozhunova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
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3
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Buksa H, Johnson EC, Chan DHH, McBride RJ, Sanderson G, Corrigan RM, Armes SP. Arginine-Functional Methacrylic Block Copolymer Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption onto a Model Planar Substrate. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2990-3000. [PMID: 38696732 PMCID: PMC11094727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the synthesis of a hydrophilic aldehyde-functional methacrylic polymer (Angew. Chem., 2021, 60, 12032-12037). Herein we demonstrate that such polymers can be reacted with arginine in aqueous solution to produce arginine-functional methacrylic polymers without recourse to protecting group chemistry. Careful control of the solution pH is essential to ensure regioselective imine bond formation; subsequent reductive amination leads to a hydrolytically stable amide linkage. This new protocol was used to prepare a series of arginine-functionalized diblock copolymer nanoparticles of varying size via polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Adsorption of these cationic nanoparticles onto silica was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. Strong electrostatic adsorption occurred at pH 7 (Γ = 14.7 mg m-2), whereas much weaker adsorption occurred at pH 3 (Γ = 1.9 mg m-2). These findings were corroborated by electron microscopy, which indicated a surface coverage of 42% at pH 7 but only 5% at pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Buksa
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Rory J. McBride
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO
Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K.
| | - Rebecca M. Corrigan
- School
of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K.
- The
Florey Institute for Host−Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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4
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Sun H, Wang S, Dugas PY, D'Agosto F, Lansalot M. Peculiar Behavior of Methyl Methacrylate Emulsion Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Mediated by RAFT Using Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Macromolecular Chain Transfer Agent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400141. [PMID: 38695257 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is successfully performed in water in the presence of a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macroCTA) leading to the formation of self-stabilized PMAA-b-PMMA amphiphilic block copolymer particles. At pH 3.7, the reactions are well-controlled with narrow molar mass distributions. Increasing the initial pH, particularly above 5.6, results in a partial loss of reactivity of the PMAA macroCTA. The effect of the degree of polymerization (DPn) of the PMMA block, the solids content, the nature of the hydrophobic segment, and the pH on the morphology of the obtained diblock copolymer particles is then investigated. Worm-like micelles are formed for a DPn of PMMA of 20 (PMMA20), while "onion-like" particles and spherical vesicles are obtained for PMMA30 and PMMA50, respectively. In contrast, spherical particles are obtained for the DPns higher than 150. This unusual evolution of particle morphologies upon increasing the DPn of the PMMA block seems to be related to hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic MAA and hydrophobic MMA units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Sun
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
| | - Suren Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dugas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
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5
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Belluati A, Jimaja S, Chadwick RJ, Glynn C, Chami M, Happel D, Guo C, Kolmar H, Bruns N. Artificial cell synthesis using biocatalytic polymerization-induced self-assembly. Nat Chem 2024; 16:564-574. [PMID: 38049652 PMCID: PMC10997521 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells are biomimetic microstructures that mimic functions of natural cells, can be applied as building blocks for molecular systems engineering, and host synthetic biology pathways. Here we report enzymatically synthesized polymer-based artificial cells with the ability to express proteins. Artificial cells were synthesized using biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly, in which myoglobin synthesizes amphiphilic block co-polymers that self-assemble into structures such as micelles, worm-like micelles, polymersomes and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs encapsulate cargo during the polymerization, including enzymes, nanoparticles, microparticles, plasmids and cell lysate. The resulting artificial cells act as microreactors for enzymatic reactions and for osteoblast-inspired biomineralization. Moreover, they can express proteins such as a fluorescent protein and actin when fed with amino acids. Actin polymerizes in the vesicles and alters the artificial cells' internal structure by creating internal compartments. Thus, biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly-derived GUVs can mimic bacteria as they are composed of a microscopic reaction compartment that contains genetic information for protein expression upon induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Belluati
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sètuhn Jimaja
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Chadwick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Glynn
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Dominic Happel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Astier S, Johnson EC, Norvilaite O, Varlas S, Brotherton EE, Sanderson G, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Controlling Adsorption of Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles onto an Aldehyde-Functionalized Hydrophilic Polymer Brush via pH Modulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38320303 PMCID: PMC10883040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles with a well-defined spherical morphology and tunable diameter were prepared by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate at 70 °C. The steric stabilizer precursor used for these syntheses contained pendent cis-diol groups, which means that such nanoparticles can react with a suitable aldehyde-functional surface via acetal bond formation. This principle is examined herein by growing an aldehyde-functionalized polymer brush from a planar silicon wafer and studying the extent of nanoparticle adsorption onto this model substrate from aqueous solution at 25 °C using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The adsorbed amount, Γ, depends on both the nanoparticle diameter and the solution pH, with minimal adsorption observed at pH 7 or 10 and substantial adsorption achieved at pH 4. Variable-temperature QCM studies provide strong evidence for chemical adsorption, while scanning electron microscopy images recorded for the nanoparticle-coated brush surface after drying indicate mean surface coverages of up to 62%. This fundamental study extends our understanding of the chemical adsorption of nanoparticles on soft substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Astier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Edwin C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Oleta Norvilaite
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Emma E Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K
| | - Graham J Leggett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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7
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Liao G, Derry MJ, Smith AJ, Armes SP, Mykhaylyk OO. Determination of Reaction Kinetics by Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering during Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Direct Evidence for Monomer-Swollen Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312119. [PMID: 37996999 PMCID: PMC10952692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of heterogeneous polymerization is determined directly using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). This important advancement is exemplified for the synthesis of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in mineral oil at 90 °C. The principle of mass balance is invoked to derive a series of equations for the analysis of the resulting time-resolved SAXS patterns. Importantly, there is a continuous change in the X-ray scattering length density for the various components within the reaction mixture. This enables the volume fraction of unreacted BzMA monomer to be calculated at any given time point, which enables the polymerization kinetics to be monitored in situ directly without relying on supplementary characterization techniques. Moreover, SAXS enables the local concentration of both monomer and solvent within the growing swollen nanoparticles to be determined during the polymerization. Data analysis reveals that the instantaneous rate of BzMA polymerization is proportional to the local monomer concentration within the nanoparticles. In principle, this powerful new time-resolved SAXS approach can be applicable to other heterogeneous polymerization formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Emergent Soft MatterGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- Aston Advanced Materials Research CentreAston UniversityAston TriangleBirminghamB4 7ETUK
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Beamline I22Diamond Light Source LtdDiamond HouseDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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8
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Rho JY, Perrier S, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3438-3469. [PMID: 37093560 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A multiblock copolymer is a polymer of a specific structure that consists of multiple covalently linked segments, each comprising a different monomer type. The control of the monomer sequence has often been described as the "holy grail" of synthetic polymer chemistry, with the ultimate goal being synthetic access to polymers of a "perfect" structure, where each monomeric building block is placed at a desired position along the polymer chain. Given that polymer properties are intimately linked to the microstructure and monomer distribution along the constituent chains, it goes without saying that there exist seemingly endless opportunities in terms of fine-tuning the properties of such materials by careful consideration of the length of each block, the number and order of blocks, and the inclusion of monomers with specific functional groups. The area of multiblock copolymer synthesis remains relatively unexplored, in particular with regard to structure-property relationships, and there are currently significant opportunities for the design and synthesis of advanced materials. The present review focuses on the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization implemented as aqueous emulsion polymerization. RAFT emulsion polymerization offers intriguing opportunities not only for the advanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers, but also provides access to polymeric nanoparticles of specific morphologies. Precise multiblock copolymer synthesis coupled with self-assembly offers material morphology control on length scales ranging from a few nanometers to a micrometer. It is imperative that polymer chemists interact with physicists and material scientists to maximize the impact of these materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- MACROARC, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Julia Y Rho
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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9
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Strover LT, Zetterlund PB, Moad G. Electrochemically-Initiated RAFT Synthesis of Low Dispersity Multiblock Copolymers by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:331-337. [PMID: 36802531 PMCID: PMC10035029 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe electrochemically initiated emulsion polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (eRAFT) to form well-defined multiblock copolymers with low molar mass dispersity. We demonstrate the utility of our emulsion eRAFT process with the synthesis of low dispersity multiblock copolymers by seeded RAFT emulsion polymerization at ambient temperature (∼30 °C). Thus, a triblock, poly(butyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(4-methylstyrene) [PBMA-b-PSt-b-PMS], and a tetrablock, poly(butyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(styrene-stat-butyl acrylate)-block-polystyrene [PBMA-b-PSt-b-P(BA-stat-St)-b-PSt], were synthesized as free-flowing, colloidally stable latexes commencing with a surfactant-free poly(butyl methacrylate) macroRAFT agent seed latex. A straightforward sequential addition strategy with no intermediate purification steps was able to be employed due to the high monomer conversions achieved in each step. The method takes full advantage of compartmentalization phenomena and the nanoreactor concept described in previous work to achieve the predicted molar mass, low molar mass dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.1-1.2), incrementing particle size (Zav = 100-115 nm), and low particle size dispersity (PDI ∼ 0.02) for each generation of the multiblocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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10
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Shape-Shifting Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nano-Objects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:906-920. [PMID: 36566636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we review our recent progress in the design of shape-shifting thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano-objects, which are prepared using various hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. 2‑hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4‑hydroxybutyl acrylate or hydroxybutyl methacrylate) to generate the thermoresponsive block. Unlike traditional thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is no transition between soluble and insoluble polymer chains in aqueous solution. Instead, thermally driven transitions between a series of copolymer morphologies (e.g. spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae) occur on adjusting the aqueous solution temperature owing to a subtle change in the partial degree of hydration of the permanently insoluble thermoresponsive block. Such remarkable self-assembly behavior is unprecedented in colloid science: no other amphiphilic diblock copolymer or surfactant system undergoes such behavior at a fixed chemical composition and concentration. Such shape-shifting nano-objects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Potential applications for this fascinating new class of amphiphiles are briefly considered.
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11
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Neves JS, Assis PHC, Machado F, D'Agosto F, Lansalot M, McKenna TFL. Bimodal high solids content latices using
RAFT
‐mediated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly and semi‐batch emulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliete S. Neves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos (LDPQ), Instituto de Química Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília CEP 70910‐900 Brazil
- Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), UMR 5128 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69612 France
| | - Paulo H. C. Assis
- Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), UMR 5128 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69612 France
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos (LDPQ), Instituto de Química Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília CEP 70910‐900 Brazil
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), UMR 5128 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69612 France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), UMR 5128 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69612 France
| | - Timothy F. L. McKenna
- Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), UMR 5128 Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69612 France
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12
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Galanopoulo P, Gil N, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y, Lages M, Nicolas J, Lansalot M, D'Agosto F. One-Step Synthesis of Degradable Vinylic Polymer-Based Latexes via Aqueous Radical Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117498. [PMID: 35100474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous emulsion copolymerizations of dibenzo[c,e]oxepane-5-thione (DOT) were performed with n-butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (S) and a combination of both. In all cases, stable latexes were obtained in less than two hours under conventional conditions; that is in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. A limited solubility of DOT in BA was observed compared to S, yielding to a more homogeneous integration of DOT units in the PS latex. In both cases, the copolymer could be easily degraded under basic conditions. Emulsion terpolymerization between DOT, BA and S allowed us to produce stable latexes not only composed of degradable chains but also featuring a broad range of glass transition temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galanopoulo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Noémie Gil
- Aix-Marseille-Univ, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille-Univ, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille-Univ, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Maëlle Lages
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Chan DH, Deane OJ, Kynaston EL, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Enable Convenient Preparation of Suspension Concentrates Comprising Various Agrochemical Actives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2885-2894. [PMID: 35192370 PMCID: PMC9007534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles can be readily prepared using polymerization-induced self-assembly. Recently, we reported that such nanoparticles can be employed as a dispersant to prepare micron-sized particles of a widely used fungicide (azoxystrobin) via ball milling. In the present study, we examine the effect of varying the nature of the steric stabilizer block, the mean nanoparticle diameter, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core-forming block on the particle size and colloidal stability of such azoxystrobin microparticles. In addition, the effect of crosslinking the nanoparticle cores is also investigated. Laser diffraction studies indicated the formation of azoxystrobin microparticles of approximately 2 μm diameter after milling for between 15 and 30 min at 6000 rpm. Diblock copolymer nanoparticles comprising a non-ionic steric stabilizer, rather than a cationic or anionic steric stabilizer, were determined to be more effective dispersants. Furthermore, nanoparticles of up to 51 nm diameter enabled efficient milling and ensured overall suspension concentrate stability. Moreover, crosslinking the nanoparticle cores and adjusting the Tg of the core-forming block had little effect on the milling of azoxystrobin. Finally, we show that this versatile approach is also applicable to five other organic crystalline agrochemicals, namely pinoxaden, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, isopyrazam and tebuconazole. TEM studies confirmed the adsorption of sterically stabilized nanoparticles at the surface of such agrochemical microparticles. The nanoparticles are characterized using TEM, DLS, aqueous electrophoresis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, while the final aqueous' suspension concentrates comprising microparticles of the above six agrochemical actives are characterized using optical microscopy, laser diffraction and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek
H. H. Chan
- Dainton
Building, Chemistry Department, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton
Building, Chemistry Department, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Emily L. Kynaston
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta,
Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Chemistry Department, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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14
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Galanopoulo P, Gil N, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y, Lages M, Nicolas J, Lansalot M, D'Agosto F. One‐Step Synthesis of Degradable Vinylic Polymer‐Based Latexes via Aqueous Radical Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galanopoulo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128 Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Noémie Gil
- Aix-Marseille-Univ Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille-Univ Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille-Univ Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Equipe CROPS, CNRS, UMR 7273 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Maëlle Lages
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128 Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128 Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M) 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
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15
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Hamblin RL, Nguyen NQ, DuBay KH. Selective solvent conditions influence sequence development and supramolecular assembly in step-growth copolymerization. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:943-955. [PMID: 34855930 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sequence control in synthetic copolymers remains a tantalizing objective in polymer science due to the influence of sequence on material properties and self-organization. A greater understanding of sequence development throughout the polymerization process will aid the design of simple, generalizable methods to control sequence and tune supramolecular assembly. In previous simulations of solution-based step-growth copolymerizations, we have shown that weak, non-bonding attractions between monomers of the same type can produce a microphase separation among the lengthening nascent oligomers and thereby alter sequence. This work explores the phenomenon further, examining how effective attractive interactions, mediated by a solvent selective for one of the reacting species, impact the development of sequence and the supramolecular assembly in a simple A-B copolymerization. We find that as the effective attractions between monomers increase, an emergent self-organization of the reactants causes a shift in reaction kinetics and sequence development. When the solvent-mediated interactions are selective enough, the simple mixture of A and B monomers oligomerize and self-assemble into structures characteristic of amphiphilic copolymers. The composition and morphology of these structures and the sequences of their chains are sensitive to the relative balance of affinities between the comonomer species. Our results demonstrate the impact of differing A-B monomer-solvent affinities on sequence development in solution-based copolymerizations and are of consequence to the informed design of synthetic methods for sequence controlled amphiphilic copolymers and their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Hamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22903-4319, USA.
| | - Nhu Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22903-4319, USA.
| | - Kateri H DuBay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22903-4319, USA.
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16
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Kim HJ, Ishizuka F, Kuchel RP, Chatani S, Niino H, Zetterlund PB. Synthesis of low glass transition temperature worms comprising a poly(styrene- stat-n-butyl acrylate) core segment via polymerization-induced self-assembly in RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of nanodimensional polymeric worms of low glass transition temperature using aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fumi Ishizuka
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P. Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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17
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Penfold NJW, Neal TJ, Plait C, Leigh AE, Chimonides G, Smallridge MJ, Armes SP. Reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media: a counter-intuitive approach to sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 500 nm charge-stabilized latex is converted into 40 nm sterically-stabilized nanoparticles via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Corentin Plait
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Andrew E. Leigh
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Gwen Chimonides
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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18
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Thompson SW, Guimarães TR, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing RAFT PISA emulsion polymerization to synthesize high molecular weight hexablock multiblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (OUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Zhong F, Pan CY. Dispersion Polymerization versus Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization for Nano-Object Fabrication: A Comprehensive Comparison. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100566. [PMID: 34813132 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the preparation of nano-objects by emulsifier-free controlled/living radical emulsion polymerization has drawn much attention, the morphologies of these formed objects are difficult to predict and to reproduce because of the much more complex nucleation mechanisms of emulsion polymerization compared to only one self-assembling nucleation mechanism of controlled radical dispersion polymerization. The present study compares dispersion polymerization with emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization in terms of nucleation mechanism, polymerization kinetics, and disappearance behavior of the macrochain transfer agent, gel permeation chromatograms curves of the obtained block copolymer as well as the structural and morphological differences between the produced nano-objects on the basis of published data. Moreover, the effects of the inherently heterogeneous nature of emulsion polymerization on the mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization and the nano-object morphology are examined, and efficient agitation and adequate solubility of the core-forming monomer in water are identified as the most crucial factors for the fabrication of nonspherical nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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20
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Oral I, Grossmann L, Fedorenko E, Struck J, Abetz V. Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid)- block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers at High Solid Contents via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3675. [PMID: 34771234 PMCID: PMC8588034 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization offers a powerful technique to synthesize diblock copolymers and polymeric nanoparticles in a controlled manner. The RAFT emulsion diblock copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid (MAA) by using a trithiocarbonate as surfactant and RAFT agent was investigated. The Z-group of the RAFT agent was modified with a propyl-, butyl- and dodecyl- sidechain, increasing the hydrophobicity of the RAFT agent to offer well-controlled polymerization of poly(methacrylic acid)-block-polystyrene (PMAA-b-PS) diblock copolymers at high solid contents between 30-50 wt% in water. The kinetic data of the PMAA homopolymerization with the three different RAFT agents for various solvents was investigated as well as the RAFT emulsion polymerization of the diblock copolymers in pure water. While the polymerization of PMAA-b-PS with a propyl terminus as a Z-group suffered from slow polymerization rates at solid contents above 30 wt%, the polymerization with a dodecyl sidechain as a Z-group led to full conversion within 2 h, narrow molar mass distributions and all that at a remarkable solid content of up to 50 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iklima Oral
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (I.O.); (L.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Larissa Grossmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (I.O.); (L.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Elena Fedorenko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (I.O.); (L.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jana Struck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (I.O.); (L.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (I.O.); (L.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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21
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Oral I, Abetz V. A Highly Selective Polymer Material using Benzo-9-Crown-3 for the Extraction of Lithium in Presence of Other Interfering Alkali Metal Ions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000746. [PMID: 33644940 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of lithium from global water resources continues to be challenging due to interfering metal ions with similar solution properties. Hence, a lithium-selective diblock copolymer system containing crown ethers (CEs) is developed. A polystyrene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) diblock copolymer is synthesized first via a one-pot solution-emulsion reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. A subsequent Steglich esterification yields the CE functionalized polymer. The complexation properties with different alkali metals are first investigated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in dichloromethane (DCM) - water systems using free benzo-9-crown (B9C3), benzo-12-crown-4 (B12C4), and benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) CEs as reference components, followed by the correspondingly CE-functionalized polymers. Extraction complexation constants in the aqueous phase are determined and the impact of the complexation constants on the extractability is estimated. The B9C3 CE is especially appealing since it has the smallest cavity size among all CEs. It is too small to complex sodium or potassium ions; however, it forms sandwich complexes with a lithium-ion resulting in extraordinary complexation constants in polymer systems avoiding other interfering alkali metal ions. On this basis, a new material for the efficient extraction of lithium ion traces in global water resources is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iklima Oral
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Material and Coastal Research, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
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22
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Khan M, Guimarães TR, Choong K, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. RAFT Emulsion Polymerization for (Multi)block Copolymer Synthesis: Overcoming the Constraints of Monomer Order. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenneth Choong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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23
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Guo Y, Yu Y, Shi K, Zhang W. Synthesis of ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles by polymerization induced self-assembly and their application as an efficient emulsifier. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABA triblock copolymer nanoparticles of PHPMA-b-PS-b-PHPMA were synthesized by PISA and demonstrated to be an efficient emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yuewen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Keyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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24
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Hunter SJ, Lovett JR, Mykhaylyk OO, Jones ER, Armes SP. Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) precursor leads to diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and the vesicles are briefly evaluated as a Pickering emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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25
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Chan DHH, Cockram AA, Gibson RR, Kynaston EL, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate: observation of unexpected constraints when employing a non-ionic steric stabilizer block. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a non-ionic steric stabilizer for the RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate leads to flocculated nanoparticles when targeting DPs > 100; there is no such constraint when employing an anionic stabilizer block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H. H. Chan
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Amy A. Cockram
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Rebecca R. Gibson
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Emily L. Kynaston
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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26
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Guimarães TR, Bong YL, Thompson SW, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. Polymerization-induced self-assembly via RAFT in emulsion: effect of Z-group on the nucleation step. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the nature of the Z-group of trithiocarbonate RAFT agents can have a major effect on the nucleation step of aqueous RAFT PISA performed as emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R. Guimarães
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Y. Loong Bong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Steven W. Thompson
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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27
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Hunter SJ, Armes SP. Pickering Emulsifiers Based on Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:15463-15484. [PMID: 33325720 PMCID: PMC7884006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer nanoparticles prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) represent an emerging class of organic Pickering emulsifiers. Such nanoparticles are readily prepared by chain-extending a soluble homopolymer precursor using a carefully selected second monomer that forms an insoluble block in the chosen solvent. As the second block grows, it undergoes phase separation that drives in situ self-assembly to form sterically stabilized nanoparticles. Conducting such PISA syntheses in aqueous solution leads to hydrophilic nanoparticles that enable the formation of oil-in-water emulsions. Alternatively, hydrophobic nanoparticles can be prepared in non-polar media (e.g., n-alkanes), which enables water-in-oil emulsions to be produced. In this review, the specific advantages of using PISA to prepare such bespoke Pickering emulsifiers are highlighted, which include fine control over particle size, copolymer morphology, and surface wettability. This has enabled various fundamental scientific questions regarding Pickering emulsions to be addressed. Moreover, block copolymer nanoparticles can be used to prepare Pickering emulsions over various length scales, with mean droplet diameters ranging from millimeters to less than 200 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry,
Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry,
Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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28
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Visaveliya NR, Köhler JM. Emerging Structural and Interfacial Features of Particulate Polymers at the Nanoscale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13125-13143. [PMID: 33112618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate polymers at the nanoscale are exceedingly promising for diversified functional applications ranging from biomedical and energy to sensing, labeling, and catalysis. Tailored structural features (i.e., size, shape, morphology, internal softness, interior cross-linking, etc.) determine polymer nanoparticles' impact on the cargo loading capacity and controlled/sustained release, possibility of endocytosis, degradability, and photostability. The designed interfacial features, however (i.e., stimuli-responsive surfaces, wrinkling, surface porosity, shell-layer swellability, layer-by-layer surface functionalization, surface charge, etc.), regulate nanoparticles' interfacial interactions, controlled assembly, movement and collision, and compatibility with the surroundings (e.g., solvent and biological environments). These features define nanoparticles' overall properties/functions on the basis of homogeneity, stability, interfacial tension, and minimization of the surface energy barrier. Lowering of the resultant outcomes is directly influenced by inhomogeneity in the structural and interfacial design through the structure-function relationship. Therefore, a key requirement is to produce well-defined polymer nanoparticles with controlled characteristics. Polymers are amorphous, flexible, and soft, and hence controlling their structural/interfacial features through the single-step process is a challenge. The microfluidics reaction strategy is very promising because of its wide range of advantages such as efficient reactant mixing and fast phase transfer. Overall, this feature article highlights the state-of-the-art synthetic features of polymer nanoparticles with perspectives on their advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunjkumar R Visaveliya
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technology, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - J Michael Köhler
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technology, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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29
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Zuppardi F, Malinconico M, D’Agosto F, D’Ayala GG, Cerruti P. Well-Defined Thermo-Responsive Copolymers Based on Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate and Pentafluorostyrene for the Removal of Organic Dyes from Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1779. [PMID: 32911815 PMCID: PMC7558912 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive copolymers based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA, Mn = 300 g/mol) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS), coded PFG, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization, using a trithiocarbonate (CTTPC) as controlling agent. Different molar masses were targeted and dispersities lower than 1.51 were obtained. The thermally triggered self-assembly of the resulting PFG copolymers in water was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) slightly increased with the molecular weight in the 26-30 °C temperature range, whereas the sizes of the intermicellar aggregates formed upon self-assembly tended to decrease with increasing molecular weights (ranging from 1415 to 572 nm). The resulting thermally-induced polymer aggregates were then used to encapsulate and remove organic contaminants from water. Nile Red (NR) and Thiazole yellow G (TYG) were employed as hydrophobic and hydrophilic model contaminants, respectively. Experimental results evidenced that higher molecular weight copolymers removed up to 90% of NR from aqueous solution, corresponding to about 10 mg of dye per g of copolymer, regardless of NR concentration. The removal of TYG was lower with respect to NR, decreasing from about 40% to around 20% with TYG concentration. Finally, the copolymers were shown to be potentially recycled and reused in the treatment of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zuppardi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Giovanna Gomez D’Ayala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
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30
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Lee WH, Booth JR, Bon SAF. On Particle Size Distributions in Catalytic Chain Transfer Emulsion Polymerization: Chain-Extension and the Use of Derived Macromonomers as Reactive Surfactants in Emulsion Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4599-4614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua R. Booth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A. F. Bon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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31
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Thompson SW, Guimarães TR, Zetterlund PB. RAFT Emulsion Polymerization: MacroRAFT Agent Self-Assembly Investigated Using a Solvachromatic Dye. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4577-4590. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Thompson
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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32
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐vermittelte polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstorganisation (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris Frankreich
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
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33
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐Mediated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8368-8392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
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34
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Engström J, Asem H, Brismar H, Zhang Y, Malkoch M, Malmström E. In Situ Encapsulation of Nile Red or Doxorubicin during RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for Biomedical Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Engström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of Coating Technology Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
| | - Heba Asem
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of Coating Technology Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Department of Applied PhysicsScience for Life Laboratory Stockholm SE‐17121 Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of Coating Technology Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of Coating Technology Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyDivision of Coating Technology Stockholm SE‐10044 Sweden
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35
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Deane OJ, Musa OM, Fernyhough A, Armes SP. Synthesis and Characterization of Waterborne Pyrrolidone-Functional Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Surfactant-free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Deane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Alan Fernyhough
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Listers Mills, Heaton Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4SH, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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36
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Polymerisable surfactants for polymethacrylates using catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) combined with sulfur free-RAFT in emulsion polymerisation. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Hunter SJ, Penfold NJW, Chan DH, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. How Do Charged End-Groups on the Steric Stabilizer Block Influence the Formation and Long-Term Stability of Pickering Nanoemulsions Prepared Using Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:769-780. [PMID: 31899941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization is used to prepare well-defined poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) chains bearing carboxylic acid, tertiary amine, or neutral end-groups. Each of these PGMA precursors was then chain-extended in turn via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate to form spherical nanoparticles as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Dynamic light scattering studies indicated an intensity-average diameter of approximately 25 nm. Aqueous electrophoresis measurements confirmed that the amine-functional nanoparticles became cationic at low pH owing to end-group protonation. In contrast, carboxylic acid-functional nanoparticles became appreciably anionic at pH 10 owing to end-group ionization. Finally, nanoparticles bearing neutral end-groups exhibited zeta potentials close to zero over a range of solution pH. High-shear homogenization of n-dodecane in the presence of such sterically stabilized nanoparticles led to the formation of oil-in-water Pickering macroemulsions with volume-average diameters of 20-30 μm. High-pressure microfluidization was then used to prepare the three corresponding Pickering nanoemulsions. Each Pickering nanoemulsion was characterized by analytical centrifugation and TEM studies of the dried nanoemulsion droplets confirmed their original nanoparticle superstructure. The nanoparticle adsorption efficiency at the oil-water interface was assessed by gel permeation chromatography (using a UV detector) for each nanoparticle type at both pH 3 and 7. Nanoparticles with charged end-groups exhibited relatively low adsorption efficiency, whereas up to 90% of the neutral nanoparticles were adsorbed onto the oil droplets. This observation was supported by small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, which indicated that the packing efficiency of neutral nanoparticles around oil droplets was higher than that of nanoparticles bearing charged end-groups. Analytical centrifugation was used to evaluate the colloidal stability of the aged Pickering nanoemulsions. Pickering nanoemulsions stabilized with nanoparticles bearing charged end-groups proved to be significantly less stable than those prepared using neutral end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Nicholas J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Derek H Chan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
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38
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Grazon C, Salas‐Ambrosio P, Ibarboure E, Buol A, Garanger E, Grinstaff MW, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:622-626. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grazon
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Alix Buol
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
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39
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Demarteau J, Fernandez de Añastro A, Shaplov AS, Mecerreyes D. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) based poly(ionic liquid) di- and triblock copolymers by PISA as matrices for ionogel membranes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01552c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-b-polystyrene AB and ABA block copolymers were synthesized using MADIX under PISA conditions. Ionogels for sodium batteries were prepared using the poly(ionic liquid) triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Demarteau
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | | | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
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40
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North SM, Armes SP. Aqueous solution behavior of stimulus-responsive poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization is used to prepare poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit stimulus-responsive behaviour on adjusting the solution temperature and/or solution pH.
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41
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Hatton FL, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Rational synthesis of epoxy-functional spheres, worms and vesicles by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rational synthesis of epoxy-functional diblock copolymer nano-objects has been achieved by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate under mild conditions (50 °C, pH 7) to preserve the epoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Hatton
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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42
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Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Byard SJ, Blanazs A, Miller JF, Armes SP. Cationic Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Exhibit Exceptional Tolerance toward Added Salt. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14348-14357. [PMID: 31592675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For certain commercial applications such as enhanced oil recovery, sterically stabilized colloidal dispersions that exhibit high tolerance toward added salt are desirable. Herein, we report a series of new cationic diblock copolymer nanoparticles that display excellent colloidal stability in concentrated aqueous salt solutions. More specifically, poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (PATAC) has been chain-extended by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer aqueous dispersion polymerization of diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) at 70 °C to produce PATAC100-PDAAMx diblock copolymer spheres at 20% w/w solids via polymerization-induced self-assembly. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis confirm that the mean sphere diameter can be adjusted by systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of the PDAAM block. Remarkably, DLS studies confirm that highly cationic PATAC100-PDAAM1500 spheres retain their colloidal stability in the presence of either 4.0 M KCl or 3.0 M ammonium sulfate for at least 115 days at 20 °C. The mole fraction of PATAC chains within the stabilizer shell was systematically varied by the chain extension of various binary mixtures of non-ionic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAC) and cationic PATAC with DAAM to produce ([n] PATAC100 + [1 - n] PDMAC67)-PDAAMz diblock copolymer spheres at 20% w/w. DLS studies confirmed that a relatively high mole fraction of cationic PATAC stabilizer chains (n ≥ 0.75) is required for the dispersions to remain colloidally stable in 4.0 M KCl. Cationic worms and vesicles could also be synthesized using a binary mixture of PATAC and PDMAC precursors, where n = 0.10. However, the vesicles only remained colloidally stable up to 1.0 M KCl, whereas the worms proved to be stable up to 2.0 M KCl. Such block copolymer nanoparticles are expected to be useful model systems for understanding the behavior of aqueous colloidal dispersions in extremely salty media. Finally, zeta potentials determined using electrophoretic light scattering are presented for such nanoparticles dispersed in highly salty media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Byard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , United Kingdom
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE , GMV/P-B001 , 67056 Ludwigshafen , Germany
| | - John F Miller
- Enlighten Scientific LLC , Hillsborough , North Carolina 27278 , United States
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , United Kingdom
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44
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Man SK, Wang X, Zheng JW, An ZS. Effect of Butyl α-Hydroxymethyl Acrylate Monomer Structure on the Morphology Produced via Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization-induced Self-assembly. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Brotherton EE, Hatton FL, Cockram AA, Derry MJ, Czajka A, Cornel EJ, Topham PD, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies During Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13664-13675. [PMID: 31364361 PMCID: PMC6716212 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful platform technology for the rational and efficient synthesis of a wide range of block copolymer nano-objects (e.g., spheres, worms or vesicles) in various media. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization have previously provided detailed structural information during self-assembly (see M. J. Derry et al., Chem. Sci. 2016 , 7 , 5078 - 5090 ). However, conducting the analogous in situ SAXS studies during RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerizations poses a formidable technical challenge because the inherently heterogeneous nature of such PISA formulations requires efficient stirring to generate sufficiently small monomer droplets. In the present study, the RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate (MOEMA) has been explored for the first time. Chain extension of a relatively short non-ionic poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) precursor block leads to the formation of sterically-stabilized PGMA-PMOEMA spheres, worms or vesicles, depending on the precise reaction conditions. Construction of a suitable phase diagram enables each of these three morphologies to be reproducibly targeted at copolymer concentrations ranging from 10 to 30% w/w solids. High MOEMA conversions are achieved within 2 h at 70 °C, which makes this new PISA formulation well-suited for in situ SAXS studies using a new reaction cell. This bespoke cell enables efficient stirring and hence allows in situ monitoring during RAFT emulsion polymerization for the first time. For example, the onset of micellization and subsequent evolution in particle size can be studied when preparing PGMA29-PMOEMA30 spheres at 10% w/w solids. When targeting PGMA29-PMOEMA70 vesicles under the same conditions, both the micellar nucleation event and the subsequent evolution in the diblock copolymer morphology from spheres to worms to vesicles are observed. These new insights significantly enhance our understanding of the PISA mechanism during RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Brotherton
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Amy A. Cockram
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Czajka
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Erik J. Cornel
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of
Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building,
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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46
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Penfold NJW, Yeow J, Boyer C, Armes SP. Emerging Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1029-1054. [PMID: 35619484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for the rational synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has been based on thermally initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, we pay particular attention to alternative PISA protocols, which allow the preparation of nanoparticles with improved control over copolymer morphology and functionality. For example, initiation based on visible light, redox chemistry, or enzymes enables the incorporation of sensitive monomers and fragile biomolecules into block copolymer nanoparticles. Furthermore, PISA syntheses and postfunctionalization of the resulting nanoparticles (e.g., cross-linking) can be conducted sequentially without intermediate purification by using various external stimuli. Finally, PISA formulations have been optimized via high-throughput polymerization and recently evaluated within flow reactors for facile scale-up syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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47
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Brunel F, Lesage de la Haye J, Lansalot M, D’Agosto F. New Insight into Cluster Aggregation Mechanism during Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6609-6617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Brunel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jennifer Lesage de la Haye
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bvd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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48
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Pei X, Zhai K, Wang C, Deng Y, Tan Y, Zhang B, Bai Y, Xu K, Wang P. Polymer Brush Graft-Modified Starch-Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7222-7230. [PMID: 31070380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study biosourced core-shell particles with a starch-based core and thermo-responsive polymer brush shell using surface-initiated single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SI-SET-LRP) as a Pickering stabilizer. The shell endows the Pickering stabilizer with reversible emulsification/demulsification of oil and water properties. The initiator attached to the starch-based nanosphere (Br-SNP) core particle was first fabricated using the precipitation method. Subsequently, dense poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush graft-modified starch-based nanoparticles (SNP- g-PNIPAM) were obtained via the SI-SET-LRP process. Interfacial properties of the resultant particles were analyzed by interfacial tensiometer measurements, as were the effects of the grafted polymer chain length and temperature on the interfacial activity. Pickering emulsion was obtained using SNP- g-PNIPAM particles as the stabilizer. The effect of the concentration of the Pickering stabilizer on the size of emulsion droplets was analyzed. The emulsification/demulsification process of the Pickering emulsion can be reversed and easily repeated by changing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , PR China
| | - Kankan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , PR China
| | - Yukun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Baichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Yungang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
| | - Pixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , PR China
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49
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Liu W, Zhang S, Li Q, Li X, Wang H. Preparation, rheology, and film properties of polyacrylate latex using amphiphilic macroreversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents as surfactants. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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50
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Yang P, Ning Y, Neal TJ, Jones ER, Parker BR, Armes SP. Block copolymer microparticles comprising inverse bicontinuous phases prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4200-4208. [PMID: 31015951 PMCID: PMC6460954 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, post-polymerization processing routes have been used to obtain a wide range of block copolymer morphologies. However, this self-assembly approach is normally performed at rather low copolymer concentration, which precludes many potential applications. Herein, we report a facile method for the preparation of block copolymer particles exhibiting complex internal morphology via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). More specifically, a series of diblock copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) alternating copolymerization of styrene (St) with N-phenylmaleimide (NMI) using a poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAC) stabilizer as a soluble precursor. Conducting such PISA syntheses in a 50 : 50 w/w ethanol/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) mixture leads directly to the formation of micrometer-sized PDMAC-P(St-alt-NMI) diblock copolymer particles at 20% w/w solids. Adjusting the degree of polymerization (DP) of the core-forming P(St-alt-NMI) block to target highly asymmetric copolymer compositions provides convenient access to an inverse bicontinuous phase. TEM studies of intermediate structures provide useful insights regarding the mechanism of formation of this phase. SEM studies indicate that the final copolymer particles comprise perforated surface layers and possess nanostructured interiors. In addition, control experiments using 1,4-dioxane suggest that the high chain mobility conferred by the MEK co-solvent is essential for the formation of such inverse bicontinuous structures. One-pot PISA formulations are reproducible and involve only cheap, commercially available starting materials, so they should be readily amenable to scale-up. This augurs well for the potential use of such nanostructured micrometer-sized particles as new organic opacifiers for paints and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Elizabeth R Jones
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Bryony R Parker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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