1
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Deng Z, Liang X, Gillies ER. Click to Self-immolation: A "Click" Functionalization Strategy towards Triggerable Self-Immolative Homopolymers and Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317063. [PMID: 38029347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are a class of degradable macromolecules that undergo stimuli-triggered head-to-tail depolymerization. However, a general approach to readily end-functionalize SIP precursors for programmed degradation remains elusive, restricting access to complex, functional SIP-based materials. Here we present a "click to self-immolation" strategy based on aroyl azide-capped SIP precursors, enabling the facile construction of diverse SIPs with different trigger units through a Curtius rearrangement and alcohol/thiol-isocyanate "click" reaction. This strategy is also applied to polymer-polymer coupling to access fully depolymerizable block copolymer amphiphiles, even combining different SIP backbones. Our results demonstrate that the depolymerization can be actuated efficiently under physiologically-relevant conditions by the removal of the trigger units and ensuing self-immolation of the p-aminobenzyl carbonate linkage, indicating promise for controlled release applications involving nanoparticles and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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2
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Grolman E, Sirianni QEA, Dunmore-Buyze J, Cruje C, Drangova M, Gillies ER. Depolymerizing self-immolative polymeric lanthanide chelates for vascular imaging. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:530-541. [PMID: 37507034 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging is widely used clinically and in research to understand disease progression and monitor responses to therapies. Vascular imaging enables the study of vascular disease and therapy, but exogenous contrast agents are generally needed to distinguish the vasculature from surrounding soft tissues. Lanthanide-based agents are commonly employed in MRI, but are also of growing interest for micro-CT, as the position of their k-edges allows them to provide enhanced contrast and also to be employed in dual-energy micro-CT, a technique that can distinguish contrast-enhanced blood vessels from tissues such as bone. Small molecule Gd3+ chelates are available, but are excreted too rapidly. At the same time, a lack of rapid clearance from the body for long-circulating agents presents toxicity concerns. To address these challenges, we describe here the use of self-immolative polymers for the development of new degradable chelates that depolymerize completely from end-to-end following the cleavage of a single end-cap from the polymer terminus. We demonstrate that tuning the end-cap allows the rate of depolymerization to be controlled, while tuning the polymer length enables the polymer to exhibit long circulation times in the blood of mice. After successfully providing one hour of blood contrast, depolymerization led to excretion of the resulting small molecule chelates into the bladder. Despite the high doses required for micro-CT, the agents were well tolerated in mice. Thus, these self-immolative polymeric chelates provide a new platform for the development of medical imaging contrast agents. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vascular imaging is used clinically to diagnose and monitor vascular disease and in research to understand the progression of disease and study responses to new therapies. For techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography (CT), long circulating contrast agents are needed to differentiate the vasculature from surrounding tissues. However, if these agents are not rapidly excreted from the body, they can lead to toxicity. We present here a new polymeric system that can chelate hundreds of lanthanide ions for imaging contrast and can circulate for one hour in the blood, but then after end-cap cleavage breaks down completely into small molecules for excretion. The successful application of this system in micro-CT in mice is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grolman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Quinton E A Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Joy Dunmore-Buyze
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Charmainne Cruje
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Maria Drangova
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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3
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Hansen-Felby M, Henriksen ML, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Postfunctionalization of Self-Immolative Poly(dithiothreitol) Using Steglich Esterification. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Hansen-Felby
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Martin Lahn Henriksen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aabogade 40, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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4
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Ohta S, Hiraoka R, Hiruta Y, Citterio D. Traffic light type paper-based analytical device for intuitive and semi-quantitative naked-eye signal readout. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:717-726. [PMID: 35059696 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attracted great attention as potential candidates for point-of-care testing (POCT). Nevertheless, only a limited number of μPADs expected to satisfy the standard of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waived tests as issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been reported. This work introduces a "traffic light type μPAD", enabling highly intuitive semi-quantitative equipment-free naked-eye readout with no need for calibration, subjective interpretation or calculation. Assay results are displayed as traffic light colours reporting 5 analyte concentration levels (green/green & yellow/yellow/yellow & red/red). The device has been designed to never display all three colours simultaneously, eliminating any risk for misinterpretation. The mechanism relies on the modulation of sample flow through a network of paperfluidic channels modified with a hydrophobic to hydrophilic phase-switching substance responsive to H2O2. User operation is limited to sample application, followed by observing a clear and time-independent traffic light signal after approximately 10-30 min. Multiple factors influencing the H2O2 concentration-dependent appearance of a specific traffic light signal were studied. Making use of the possibilities for customising the concentration threshold levels for traffic light colour appearance, quantification of glucose at 5 levels in a clinically relevant concentration range was demonstrated in artificial urine as a model proof-of-concept. This platform is expected to offer the possibility for the future detection of other important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Ryuya Hiraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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5
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Han GS, Domaille DW. Connecting the Dynamics and Reactivity of Arylboronic Acids to Emergent and Stimuli-Responsive Material Properties. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6263-6278. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, arylboronic acid-functionalized biomaterials have been used in a variety of sensing and stimuli-responsive scaffolds. Their diverse applications result from the diverse reactivity of arylboronic acids,...
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6
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Gavriel A, Sambrook M, Russell AT, Hayes W. Recent advances in self-immolative linkers and their applications in polymeric reporting systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in self-immolative chemistry has grown over the past decade with more research groups harnessing the versatility to control the release of a compound from a larger chemical entity, given...
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7
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Shelef O, Gnaim S, Shabat D. Self-Immolative Polymers: An Emerging Class of Degradable Materials with Distinct Disassembly Profiles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21177-21188. [PMID: 34898203 PMCID: PMC8704185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers are an emerging class of macromolecules with distinct disassembly profiles that set them apart from other general degradable materials. These polymers are programmed to disassemble spontaneously from head to tail, through a domino-like fragmentation, upon response to extremal stimuli. In the time since we first reported this unique type of molecule, several groups around the world have developed new, creative molecular structures that perform analogously to our pioneering polymers. Self-immolative polymers are now widely recognized as an important class of stimuli-responsive materials for a wide range of applications such as signal amplification, biosensing, drug delivery, and materials science. The quinone-methide elimination was shown to be an effective tool to achieve rapid domino-like fragmentation of polymeric molecules. Thus, numerous applications of self-immolative polymers are based on this disassembly chemistry. Although several other fragmentation reactions achieved the function requested for sequential disassembly, we predominantly focused in this Perspective on examples of self-immolative polymers that disassemble through the quinone-methide elimination. Selected examples of self-immolative polymers that disassembled through other chemistries are briefly described. The growing demand for stimuli-responsive degradable materials with novel molecular backbones and enhanced properties guarantees the future interest of the scientific community in this unique class of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Blelloch ND, Yarbrough HJ, Mirica KA. Stimuli-responsive temporary adhesives: enabling debonding on demand through strategic molecular design. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15183-15205. [PMID: 34976340 PMCID: PMC8635214 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive temporary adhesives constitute a rapidly developing class of materials defined by the modulation of adhesion upon exposure to an external stimulus or stimuli. Engineering these materials to shift between two characteristic properties, strong adhesion and facile debonding, can be achieved through design strategies that target molecular functionalities. This perspective reviews the recent design and development of these materials, with a focus on the different stimuli that may initiate debonding. These stimuli include UV light, thermal energy, chemical triggers, and other potential triggers, such as mechanical force, sublimation, electromagnetism. The conclusion discusses the fundamental value of systematic investigations of the structure-property relationships within these materials and opportunities for unlocking novel functionalities in future versions of adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Blelloch
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA http://www.miricagroup.com
| | - Hana J Yarbrough
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA http://www.miricagroup.com
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA http://www.miricagroup.com
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9
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Agergaard AH, Sommerfeldt A, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Dual-Responsive Material Based on Catechol-Modified Self-Immolative Poly(Disulfide) Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21543-21549. [PMID: 34279056 PMCID: PMC8518080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional materials engineered to degrade upon triggering are in high demand due their potentially lower impact on the environment as well as their use in sensing and in medical applications. Here, stimuli-responsive polymers are prepared by decorating a self-immolative poly(dithiothreitol) backbone with pendant catechol units. The highly functional polymer is fashioned into stimuli-responsive gels, formed through pH-dependent catecholato-metal ion cross-links. The gels degrade in response to specific environmental changes, either by addressing the pH responsive, non-covalent, catecholato-metal complexes, or by addition of a thiol. The latter stimulus triggers end-to-end depolymerization of the entire self-immolative backbone through end-cap replacement via thiol-disufide exchanges. Gel degradation is visualized by release of a dye from the supramolecular gel as it itself is converted into smaller molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Andreas Sommerfeldt
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of ChemistryAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000AarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 148000AarhusDenmark
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10
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Agergaard AH, Sommerfeldt A, Pedersen SU, Birkedal H, Daasbjerg K. Dual‐Responsive Material Based on Catechol‐Modified Self‐Immolative Poly(Disulfide) Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asger Holm Agergaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Andreas Sommerfeldt
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steen Uttrup Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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11
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Fan B, Wan J, Zhai J, Chen X, Thang SH. Triggered Degradable Colloidal Particles with Ordered Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic and Hexagonal Mesophases. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4688-4698. [PMID: 33646766 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a facile strategy to prepare triggered degradable block copolymer nano/macro-objects, ranging from typical micelles, worms, jellyfish, and vesicles to rarely achieved spongosomes, cubosomes, and hexosomes via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). The morphological transitions from a simple spherical micelle to a spongosome, ordered Im3¯m cubosome, and p6mm hexosome were captured and demonstrated by TEM, SEM, and synchrotron SAXS. In addition, morphological phase diagrams including important factors, such as solid contents, degree of polymerization (DP), and stabilizer block chain length, were constructed to unveil the formation mechanism and guide the scalable preparation of complex morphologies with packing parameter (P) > 1. This study not only represents an example that achieved inverse mesophases via acrylate-based monomers with high conversion but also reports a triggered degradable system in the most extended morphological range via PISA. The facile synthesis and stimuli-responsiveness of our system should greatly expand the utility of polymer inverse mesophases for triggered releasing, templating, and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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12
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Rabiee Kenaree A, Sirianni QEA, Classen K, Gillies ER. Thermoresponsive Self-Immolative Polyglyoxylamides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3817-3825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Classen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond Street, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 5B9, Ontario, Canada
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13
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14
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Kim H, Brooks AD, DiLauro AM, Phillips ST. Poly(carboxypyrrole)s That Depolymerize from Head to Tail in the Solid State in Response to Specific Applied Signals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9447-9452. [PMID: 32330033 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Article describes the design, synthesis, and analysis of a new class of polymer that is capable of depolymerizing continuously, completely, and cleanly from head to tail when a detection unit on the head of the polymer is exposed to a specific applied signal. The backbone of this polymer consists of 1,3-disubstituted pyrroles and carboxy linkages similar to polyurethanes. Diverse side chains or reactive end-groups can be introduced readily, which provides modular design of polymer structure. The designed depolymerization mechanism proceeds through spontaneous release of carbon dioxide and azafulvene in response to a single triggering reaction with the detection unit. These poly(carboxypyrrole)s depolymerize readily in nonpolar environments, and even in the bulk as solid-state plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Adam D Brooks
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
| | - Anthony M DiLauro
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
| | - Scott T Phillips
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725-2090, United States
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15
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Abstract
Biomedical use cases for self-immolative polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Green Catalysis Center
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
| | - Xuyu Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry
- Green Catalysis Center
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
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16
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Chronometric Quantitation of Analytes in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs) via Enzymatic Degradation of a Metastable Biomatrix. INVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The following article summarizes United States Patent Application No. US20180052155A1, titled ‘Assay Devices and Methods’ (filed 16 August 2016, published 22 February 2018). While lateral flow assays (LFAs) have revolutionized point-of-care diagnostics by enabling accurate, inexpensive, and rapid detection of biomarkers, they typically do not provide quantitative results. Hence, there is a significant need for quantitative assays at the point of care. This patent summary describes a novel method of chronometric biomarker quantitation via enzymatic degradation of a metastable gelatin-based biomatrix, principally suited for use in paper-based microfluidic devices (microPADs). This new quantitation mechanism was designed to meet the ASSURED criteria for point-of-care diagnostic devices laid forth by the World Health Organization and may ultimately provide increased access to healthcare, at a significantly reduced cost, around the world.
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17
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Yardley RE, Kenaree AR, Gillies ER. Triggering Depolymerization: Progress and Opportunities for Self-Immolative Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Dong P, Rakesh K, Manukumar H, Mohammed YHE, Karthik C, Sumathi S, Mallu P, Qin HL. Innovative nano-carriers in anticancer drug delivery-a comprehensive review. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Heuchan SM, MacDonald JP, Bauman LA, Fan B, Henry HAL, Gillies ER. Photoinduced Degradation of Polymer Films Using Polyglyoxylate-Polyester Blends and Copolymers. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18603-18612. [PMID: 31458428 PMCID: PMC6643861 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric coatings are commonly employed to alter surface properties. While some coatings are designed to remain stable over a prolonged period, in applications such as pharmaceuticals or fertilizers, the coating is designed to erode and reveal or release the underlying material. Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) undergo depolymerization following the cleavage of stimuli-responsive end-caps from their termini, enabling controlled depolymerization in the solid state and in solution. Poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) is a promising SIP because of its depolymerization to benign products, but its amorphous structure and low glass-transition temperature make it unsuitable alone for coating applications. This study explored the blending of PEtG with polyesters including polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(l-lactic acid), and poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate). Block copolymers of PEtG with PCL were also synthesized and studied. It was found that the phase separation behavior and consequently the thermal and mechanical properties of the materials could be tuned according to the composition of the blend, while the stimuli-responsive degradation of PEtG was retained in the blends. This work therefore provides a framework for the application of PEtG-based coatings in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer M. Heuchan
- Department
of Biology and Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and
Biomaterials Research, The University of
Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jarret P. MacDonald
- Department
of Biology and Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and
Biomaterials Research, The University of
Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lukas A. Bauman
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hugh A. L. Henry
- Department
of Biology and Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and
Biomaterials Research, The University of
Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Biology and Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and
Biomaterials Research, The University of
Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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20
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Sirianni QEA, Rabiee Kenaree A, Gillies ER. Polyglyoxylamides: Tuning Structure and Properties of Self-Immolative Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton E. A. Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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21
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Yardley RE, Gillies ER. Multi-stimuli-responsive self-immolative polymer assemblies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Yardley
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street; London Ontario Canada N6A 5B9
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22
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Rabiee Kenaree A, Gillies ER. Controlled Polymerization of Ethyl Glyoxylate Using Alkyllithium and Alkoxide Initiators. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rabiee Kenaree
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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23
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Gambles M, Fan B, Borecki A, Gillies ER. Hybrid Polyester Self-Immolative Polymer Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5002-5011. [PMID: 31458713 PMCID: PMC6641706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems have been developed to address problematic properties of drugs, but the specific release of drugs at their targets is still a challenge. Polymers that depolymerize end-to-end in response to the cleavage of stimuli-responsive end-caps from their termini, commonly referred to as self-immolative polymers, offer high sensitivity to stimuli and have potential for the development of new high-performance delivery systems. In this work, we prepared hybrid particles composed of varying ratios of self-immolative poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) and slowly degrading poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA). These systems were designed to provide a dual release mechanism consisting of a rapid burst release of drug from the PEtG domains and a slower release from the PLA domains. Using end-caps responsive to UV light and reducing thiols, it was found that triggered particles exhibited partial degradation, as indicated by a reduction in their dynamic light-scattering count rate that depended on the PEtG:PLA ratio. The particles were also shown to release the hydrophobic dye Nile red and the drug celecoxib in a manner that depended on triggering and the PEtG:PLA ratio. In vitro toxicity assays showed an effect of the stimuli on the toxicity of the celecoxib-loaded particles but also suggested it would be ideal to replace the sodium cholate surfactant that was used in the particle synthesis procedure in order to reduce the background toxicity of the delivery system. Overall, these hybrid systems show promise for tuning and controlling the release of drugs in response to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
T. Gambles
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Bo Fan
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials
Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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24
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Wang F, Diesendruck CE. Polyphthalaldehyde: Synthesis, Derivatives, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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25
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Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Gnaim S, Shabat D. Self-Immolative Chemiluminescence Polymers: Innate Assimilation of Chemiexcitation in a Domino-like Depolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10002-10008. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gnaim
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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27
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Fan B, Gillies ER. Poly(ethyl glyoxylate)-Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanoparticles: Stimuli-Responsive Drug Release via End-to-End Polyglyoxylate Depolymerization. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2548-2559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
Street, London, Ontario Canada, N6A 5B7
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28
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Fan B, Trant JF, Gillies ER. End-Capping Strategies for Triggering End-to-End Depolymerization of Polyglyoxylates. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department of Chemical
and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151
Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - John F. Trant
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical
and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151
Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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29
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Hanna RD, Naro Y, Deiters A, Floreancig PE. Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Ketone Liberation and Intracellular Cargo Release through Peroxide-Mediated α-Boryl Ether Fragmentation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13353-13360. [PMID: 27636404 PMCID: PMC7075644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Boryl ethers, carbonates, and acetals, readily prepared from the corresponding alcohols that are accessed through ketone diboration, react rapidly with hydrogen peroxide to release alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones through the collapse of hemiacetal intermediates. Experiments with α-boryl acetals containing a latent fluorophore clearly demonstrate that cargo can be released inside cells in the presence of exogenous or endogenous hydrogen peroxide. These experiments show that this protocol can be used for drug activation in an oxidative environment without generating toxic byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey D. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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30
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Fan B, Trant JF, Yardley RE, Pickering AJ, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Gillies ER. Photocontrolled Degradation of Stimuli-Responsive Poly(ethyl glyoxylate): Differentiating Features and Traceless Ambient Depolymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - John F. Trant
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Rebecca E. Yardley
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Andrew J. Pickering
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond
St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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31
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Wang CC, Hennek JW, Ainla A, Kumar AA, Lan WJ, Im J, Smith B, Zhao M, Whitesides GM. A Paper-Based "Pop-up" Electrochemical Device for Analysis of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6326-33. [PMID: 27243791 PMCID: PMC5633928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and fabrication of a "pop-up" electrochemical paper-based analytical device (pop-up-EPAD) to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)-a biomarker for diabetic ketoacidosis-using a commercial combination BHB/glucometer. Pop-up-EPADs are inspired by pop-up greeting cards and children's books. They are made from a single sheet of paper folded into a three-dimensional (3D) device that changes shape, and fluidic and electrical connectivity, by simply folding and unfolding the structure. The reconfigurable 3D structure makes it possible to change the fluidic path and to control timing; it also provides mechanical support for the folded and unfolded structures that enables good registration and repeatability on folding. A pop-up-EPAD designed to detect BHB shows performance comparable to commercially available plastic test strips over the clinically relevant range of BHB in blood when used with a commercial glucometer that integrates the ability to measure glucose and BHB (combination BHB/glucometer). With simple modifications of the electrode and the design of the fluidic path, the pop-up-EPAD also detects BHB in buffer using a simple glucometer-a device that is more available than the combination BHB/glucometer. Strategies that use a "3D pop-up"-that is, large-scale changes in 3D structure and fluidic paths-by folding/unfolding add functionality to EPADs (e.g., controlled timing, fluidic handling and path programming, control over complex sequences of steps, and alterations in electrical connectivity) and should enable the development of new classes of paper-based diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Hennek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alar Ainla
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ashok A. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wen-Jie Lan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Judy Im
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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32
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Brooks AD, Mohapatra H, Phillips ST. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Small-Molecule Reagents That Cooperatively Provide Dual Readouts for Triaging and, When Necessary, Quantifying Point-of-Need Enzyme Assays. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10437-45. [PMID: 26458224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A newly designed small molecule reagent provides both qualitative and quantitative readouts in assays that detect enzyme biomarkers. The qualitative readout enables rapid triaging of samples so that only samples that contain relevant concentrations of the target analyte must be quantified. The reagent is accessible in essentially three steps and 34% overall yield, is stable as a solid when heated to 44 °C for >1 month, and does not produce background signal when used in an assay. This paper describes the design and synthesis of the reagent, characterizes its response properties, and establishes the scope of its reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hemakesh Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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33
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Roth ME, Green O, Gnaim S, Shabat D. Dendritic, Oligomeric, and Polymeric Self-Immolative Molecular Amplification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1309-52. [PMID: 26355446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal E Roth
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Green
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Samer Gnaim
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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34
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Lewis GG, Phillips ST. Quantitative point-of-care (POC) assays using measurements of time as the readout: a new type of readout for mHealth. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1256:213-229. [PMID: 25626542 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2172-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A paper-based microfluidic device was used to quantitatively detect active enzyme analytes in samples at mid to low femtomolar levels. The device uses a hydrophobic oligomer that controls the wetting properties of the paper within the device. When the target analyte is present within the sample, the oligomer depolymerizes, thus switching the paper to hydrophilic, allowing for the sample to wick through the device. Measuring the time for the sample to wick to a control region relative to an assay region within the device results in sensitive, quantitative measurements of the target enzyme (e.g., alkaline phosphatase or β-D-galactosidase). This device requires the use of only a timer for quantifying a target analyte, and thus the platform may be appropriate for use in resource-limited environments, where access to expensive diagnostic equipment is limited. A smartphone with integrated application software (the software has yet to be developed) could be used for timing the assay and for relating the time measurement to the quantitative readout for the assay. In future versions of this assay, it should be possible to configure the smartphone to start and stop the time-based measurement to further simplify the assay for the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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35
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Hirose A, Tanaka K, Yoshii R, Chujo Y. Film-type chemosensors based on boron diiminate polymers having oxidation-induced emission properties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present here the film-type chemosensors based on stimuli-responsive emissive polymers composed of boron diiminate. Hydrogen peroxide can be monitored by the emission enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Hirose
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Ryousuke Yoshii
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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36
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Cate DM, Adkins JA, Mettakoonpitak J, Henry CS. Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2014; 87:19-41. [PMID: 25375292 DOI: 10.1021/ac503968p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Cate
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jaclyn A. Adkins
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jaruwan Mettakoonpitak
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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37
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Wong AD, Güngör TM, Gillies ER. Multiresponsive Azobenzene End-Cap for Self-Immolative Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1191-1195. [PMID: 35610823 DOI: 10.1021/mz500613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene was introduced as a new multiresponsive end-cap for self-immolative polymers. Using small-molecule model compounds, it was demonstrated that reducing agents including hydrazine and dithiothreitol could reduce the azobenzene to the corresponding hydrazobenzene, resulting in a 1,6-elimination reaction with the potential to initiate the depolymerization of self-immolative polycarbamates. An activated azobenzene derivative was then prepared, allowing for its incorporation as an end-cap for polycarbamates based on alternating N,N'-dimethylethylene diamine and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Upon treatment with hydrazine, depolymerization proceeded. To demonstrate the versatility of this end-cap, the chemistry was also applied to polycarbamates based on 4-aminobenzyl alcohol. In addition to allowing triggered depolymerization, the azobenzene end-cap also provides a visual signal upon triggering owing to the strong visible absorption of the azobenzene, which shifts to the UV range upon reduction. Furthermore, azobenzene is capable of undergoing trans-cis isomerization in response to UV light, providing multiple functions in a single end-cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Wong
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London,
Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
| | - Thomas M. Güngör
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London,
Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London,
Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
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38
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Peterson GI, Church DC, Yakelis NA, Boydston AJ. 1,2-oxazine linker as a thermal trigger for self-immolative polymers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Fan B, Trant JF, Wong AD, Gillies ER. Polyglyoxylates: A Versatile Class of Triggerable Self-Immolative Polymers from Readily Accessible Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10116-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504727u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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40
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Phillips ST, Robbins JS, DiLauro AM, Olah MG. Amplified responses in materials using linear polymers that depolymerize from end-to-end when exposed to specific stimuli. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; State College Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jessica S. Robbins
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; State College Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Anthony M. DiLauro
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; State College Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Michael G. Olah
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; State College Pennsylvania 16802
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41
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Phillips ST, DiLauro AM. Continuous Head-to-Tail Depolymerization: An Emerging Concept for Imparting Amplified Responses to Stimuli-Responsive Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:298-304. [PMID: 35590733 DOI: 10.1021/mz5000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that depolymerize continuously and completely from head-to-tail when a reaction-based detection unit is cleaved from the polymer provide both selective and amplified responses, a rare combination, to stimuli-responsive polymeric materials. This Viewpoint contextualizes this new class of depolymerizable polymers and outlines the key areas for growth and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anthony M. DiLauro
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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42
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Ge L, Yu J, Ge S, Yan M. Lab-on-paper-based devices using chemiluminescence and electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5613-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lewis GG, Robbins JS, Phillips ST. A prototype point-of-use assay for measuring heavy metal contamination in water using time as a quantitative readout. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 50:5352-4. [PMID: 24275801 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47698g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Communication describes a prototype quantitative paper-based assay that simultaneously measures the levels of Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) in water. The assay requires only measurements of time to yield a quantitative readout, and the results are independent of sample volume, humidity, and sample viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Lewis
- The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Byrnes S, Thiessen G, Fu E. Progress in the development of paper-based diagnostics for low-resource point-of-care settings. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2821-36. [PMID: 24256361 PMCID: PMC4012918 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This Review focuses on recent work in the field of paper microfluidics that specifically addresses the goal of translating the multistep processes that are characteristic of gold-standard laboratory tests to low-resource point-of-care settings. A major challenge is to implement multistep processes with the robust fluid control required to achieve the necessary sensitivity and specificity of a given application in a user-friendly package that minimizes equipment. We review key work in the areas of fluidic controls for automation in paper-based devices, readout methods that minimize dedicated equipment, and power and heating methods that are compatible with low-resource point-of-care settings. We also highlight a focused set of recent applications and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elain Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Lewis GG, Robbins JS, Phillips ST. Point-of-care assay platform for quantifying active enzymes to femtomolar levels using measurements of time as the readout. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10432-9. [PMID: 24074247 DOI: 10.1021/ac402415v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Article describes a strategy for quantifying active enzyme analytes in a paper-based device by measuring the time for a reference region in the paper to turn green relative to an assay region. The assay requires a single step by the user, yet accounts for variations in sample volume, assay temperature, humidity, and contaminants in a sample that would otherwise prevent a quantitative measurement. The assay is capable of measuring enzymes in the low to mid femtomolar range with measurement times that range from ~30 s to ~15 min (lower measurement times correspond to lower quantities of the analyte). Different targets can be selected in the assay by changing a small molecule reagent within the paper-based device, and the sensitivity and dynamic range of the assays can be tuned easily by changing the composition and quantity of a signal amplification reagent or by modifying the configuration of the paper-based microfluidic device. By tuning these parameters, limits-of-detection for assays can be adjusted over an analyte concentration range of low femtomolar to low nanomolar, with dynamic ranges for the assays of at least 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the assay strategy is compatible with complex fluids such as serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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DiLauro AM, Zhang H, Baker MS, Wong F, Sen A, Phillips ST. Accessibility of Responsive End-Caps in Films Composed of Stimuli-Responsive, Depolymerizable Poly(phthalaldehydes). Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. DiLauro
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Flory Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott T. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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