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Wu Y, Chen K, Wang J, Dai W, Yu H, Xie X, Chen M, Liu R. Open-vessel polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) for polypeptide synthesis. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01062-3. [PMID: 39379616 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides, also known as poly(α-amino acids), have the same polyamide backbone structures as natural proteins and peptides. As an important class of biomaterials, polypeptides have been widely used because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability. Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) is a classical and widely used method for the synthesis of polypeptides. The dominantly used primary amine-initiated NCA polymerization can yield well-defined polymers and complex macromolecular architectures, but the reaction is slow and sensitive to moisture, making it necessary to use anhydrous solvents and a glovebox. One solution is to use lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) as the initiator, as described in this protocol. LiHMDS-initiated NCA polymerization is less sensitive to moisture and can be carried out in an open vessel outside the glovebox. It is also very fast; the reaction can be complete within 5 min to produce 30-mer polypeptides. In this protocol, poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) is prepared as an example, but the protocol can easily be adapted to the synthesis of other polypeptides by generating NCAs from different amino acids, making it particularly suitable for the efficient parallel synthesis of polypeptide libraries. We provide detailed procedures for NCA synthesis and purification, the method of polymer end-group modification and measurement of polymerization kinetics and reactivity ratio. The procedure for synthesis of monomers and polymerization to form polypeptides requires <1 d. The superfast and open-vessel NCA polymerization method described here will probably enable a wide range of applications in the synthesis and functional study of polypeptide biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangzhou Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minzhang Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biomaterials and Stem Cells, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
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Wu Y, Chen K, Wang J, Chen M, Dai W, Liu R. Recent Advances and Future Developments in the Preparation of Polypeptides via N-Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24189-24208. [PMID: 39172171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Polypeptides have the same or similar backbone structures as proteins and peptides, rendering them as suitable and important biomaterials. Amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) ring-opening polymerization has been the most efficient strategy for polypeptide preparation, with continuous advance in the design of initiators, catalysts and reaction conditions. This Perspective first summarizes the recent progress of NCA synthesis and purification. Subsequently, we focus on various initiators for NCA polymerization, catalysts for accelerating polymerization or enhancing the controllability of polymerization, and recent advances in the reaction approach of NCA polymerization. Finally, we discuss future research directions and open challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangzhou Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minzhang Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Dai
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Patel A, Arik M, Sarkar A. An Undergraduate Laboratory Module Integrating Organic Chemistry and Polymer Science. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2024; 101:1686-1695. [PMID: 38617818 PMCID: PMC11008100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Polymer science is receiving wider acceptance in the organic chemistry community; thus, it is imperative to include it in the undergraduate organic chemistry curriculum. Despite the ever-increasing popularity of the topic of polymer chemistry in undergraduate curricula, a comprehensive laboratory experiment module describing a polypeptide synthesis by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA ROP) and a homopolymer synthesis by activators-regenerated by electron-transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) has yet to be proposed. Herein, we report a semester-long, ten week undergraduate laboratory module focusing on the synthesis and analytical characterization of polyalanine and polystyrene for an advanced organic chemistry class. Students received hands-on-experiences in synthesizing polymers followed by their characterization via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which are not well-presented in the typical organic chemistry curricula. These engaging hands-on lessons in the newly designed laboratory module not only increase students' interests in an interdisciplinary environment of organic chemistry and polymer science but also cultivate their research interests and communication skills and promote critical thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Patel
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Michael Arik
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, United States
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Kumela AG, Gemta AB, Hordofa AK, Birhanu R, Mekonnen HD, Sherefedin U, Weldegiorgis K. A review on hybridization of plasmonic and photonic crystal biosensors for effective cancer cell diagnosis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6382-6399. [PMID: 38024311 PMCID: PMC10662028 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer causes one in six deaths worldwide, and 1.6 million cancer patients face annual out-of-pocket medical expenditures. In response to these, portable, label-free, highly sensitive, specific, and responsive optical biosensors are under development. Therefore, in this review, the recent advances, advantages, performance analysis, and current challenges associated with the fabrication of plasmonic biosensors, photonic crystals, and the hybridization of both for cancer diagnosis are assessed. The primary focus is on the development of biosensors that combine different shapes, sizes, and optical properties of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles with various coupling techniques. The latter part discusses the challenges and prospects of developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis using dielectric and metallic nanoparticles. These data will help the audience advance research and development of next-generation plasmonic biosensors for effective cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Getahun Kumela
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belay Gemta
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Kebede Hordofa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Ruth Birhanu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Dagnaw Mekonnen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Umer Sherefedin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Kinfe Weldegiorgis
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia
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5
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Zhao D, Rong Y, Li D, He C, Chen X. Thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide-based block copolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad039. [PMID: 37265604 PMCID: PMC10229375 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive synthetic polypeptide-containing block copolymers have received considerable attention in recent years. Especially, unique thermo-induced sol-gel phase transitions were observed for elaborately-designed amphiphilic diblock copolypeptides and a range of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polypeptide block copolymers. The thermo-induced gelation mechanisms involve the evolution of secondary conformation, enhanced intramolecular interactions, as well as reduced hydration and increased chain entanglement of PEG blocks. The physical parameters, including polymer concentrations, sol-gel transition temperatures and storage moduli, were investigated. The polypeptide hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and displayed biodegradation periods ranging from 1 to 5 weeks. The unique thermo-induced sol-gel phase transitions offer the feasibility of minimal-invasive injection of the precursor aqueous solutions into body, followed by in situ hydrogel formation driven by physiological temperature. These advantages make polypeptide hydrogels interesting candidates for diverse biomedical applications, especially as injectable scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue regeneration as well as depots for local drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in the design and preparation of injectable, thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide hydrogels. The influence of composition, secondary structure and chirality of polypeptide segments on the physical properties and biodegradation of the hydrogels are emphasized. Moreover, the studies on biomedical applications of the hydrogels are intensively discussed. Finally, the major challenges in the further development of polypeptide hydrogels for practical applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Lv W, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Precision Synthesis of Polypeptides via Living Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides by Tri-thiourea Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23622-23632. [PMID: 36533423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) has a history of over 100 years, but precise and efficient ring-opening polymerization methods for NCAs remain highly needed to facilitate the studies of polypeptides─that is, mimics of natural proteins─in various disciplines. Moreover, the universally accepted NCA polymerization mechanisms are largely limited to the "amine" and the "activated monomer" mechanisms, and the anionic ring-opening polymerization of NCAs has so far not been invoked. Herein, we show an unprecedented anion-binding catalytic system combining tripodal tri-thiourea with sodium thiophenolate that enables the fast and selective anionic ring-opening polymerization of NCAs. This method leads to the precision construction of various polypeptides with living polymerization behavior and is evidenced by narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.2), chain extension experiments, and minimal "activated monomer" pathway. Calculations and experimental results elucidate a living anionic polymerization mechanism, and high selectivities for monomer propagation relative to other deleterious side reactions, such as the "activated monomer" pathway, are attributed to the enhanced stabilization of the propagating carbamate anion, which is enforced by an intramolecular hydrogen bond within the tri-thiourea structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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7
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Liu Y, Zhao C, Chen C. Chirality-Governed UCST Behavior in Polypeptides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chongyi Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Nisal R, Jayakannan M. Tertiary-Butylbenzene Functionalization as a Strategy for β-Sheet Polypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2667-2684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nisal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manickam Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Zhang Y, Song W, Lu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Yu DG, Kim I. Recent Advances in Poly(α- L-glutamic acid)-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:636. [PMID: 35625562 PMCID: PMC9138577 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(α-L-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a class of synthetic polypeptides composed of the monomeric unit α-L-glutamic acid. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity, PGA-based nanomaterials have been elaborately designed for drug delivery systems. Relevant studies including the latest research results on PGA-based nanomaterials for drug delivery have been discussed in this work. The following related topics are summarized as: (1) a brief description of the synthetic strategies of PGAs; (2) an elaborated presentation of the evolving applications of PGA in the areas of drug delivery, including the rational design, precise fabrication, and biological evaluation; (3) a profound discussion on the further development of PGA-based nanomaterials in drug delivery. In summary, the unique structures and superior properties enables PGA-based nanomaterials to represent as an enormous potential in biomaterials-related drug delivery areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wenliang Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yixin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changping Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Il Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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10
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Hu Y, Tian ZY, Xiong W, Wang D, Zhao R, Xie Y, Song YQ, Zhu J, Lu H. Water-Assisted and Protein-Initiated Fast and Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Proline N-Carboxyanhydride. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac033. [PMID: 36072505 PMCID: PMC9438472 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of polypeptides via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) is usually conducted under stringent anhydrous conditions. The ROP of proline NCA (ProNCA) for the synthesis of poly-L-proline (PLP) is particularly challenging due to the premature product precipitation as polyproline type I helices, leading to slow reactions for up to one week, poor control of the molar mass and laborious workup. Here, we report the unexpected water-assisted controlled ROP of ProNCA, which affords well-defined PLP as polyproline II helices in 2–5 minutes and almost-quantitative yields. Experimental and theoretical studies together suggest the as-yet-unreported role of water in facilitating proton shift, which significantly lowers the energy barrier of the chain propagation. The scope of initiators can be expanded from hydrophobic amines to encompass hydrophilic amines and thiol-bearing nucleophiles, including complex biomacromolecules such as proteins. Protein-mediated ROP of ProNCA conveniently affords various protein-PLP conjugates via a grafting-from approach. PLP modification not only preserves the biological activities of the native proteins, but also enhances their resistance to extreme conditions. Moreover, PLP modification extends the elimination half-life of asparaginase (ASNase) 18-fold and mitigates the immunogenicity of wt ASNase >250-fold (ASNase is a first-line anticancer drug for lymphoma treatment). This work provides a simple solution to a long-standing problem in PLP synthesis, and offers valuable guidance for the development of water-resistant ROP of other proline-like NCAs. The facile access to PLP can greatly boost the application potential of PLP-based functional materials for engineering industry enzymes and therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zi-You Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Dedao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Ruichi Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Yu-Qin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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11
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Li K, Li Z, Shen Y, Fu X, Chen C, Li Z. Organobase 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine catalyzed rapid ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides adaptive to amine, alcohol and carboxyl acid initiators. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For amine, hydroxyl and carboxyl terminated initiators, the organobase 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) catalyzes the rapid polymerization to afford polypeptides with controllable molecular weights and dispersities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yong Shen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chongyi Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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12
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Wu Y, Chen K, Wu X, Liu L, Zhang W, Ding Y, Liu S, Zhou M, Shao N, Ji Z, Chen J, Zhu M, Liu R. Superfast and Water-Insensitive Polymerization on α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides to Prepare Polypeptides Using Tetraalkylammonium Carboxylate as the Initiator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26063-26071. [PMID: 34569145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We design the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate-initiated superfast polymerization on α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) for efficient synthesis of polypeptides. Carboxylates, as a new class of initiator for NCA polymerization, can initiate the superfast NCA polymerization without the need of extra catalysts and the polymerization can be operated in open vessels at ambient condition without the use of glove box. Tetraalkylammonium carboxylate-initiated polymerization on NCA easily affords block copolymers with at least 15 blocks. Moreover, this method avoids tedious purification steps and enables direct polymerization on crude NCAs in aqueous environments to prepare polypeptides and one-pot synthesis of polypeptide nanoparticles. These advantages and the mild polymerization condition of tetraalkylammonium carboxylate-initiated NCA polymerization imply its great potential in functional exploration and application of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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13
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Wu Y, Chen K, Wu X, Liu L, Zhang W, Ding Y, Liu S, Zhou M, Shao N, Ji Z, Chen J, Zhu M, Liu R. Superfast and Water‐Insensitive Polymerization on α‐Amino Acid
N
‐Carboxyanhydrides to Prepare Polypeptides Using Tetraalkylammonium Carboxylate as the Initiator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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14
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Tian ZY, Zhang Z, Wang S, Lu H. A moisture-tolerant route to unprotected α/β-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and facile synthesis of hyperbranched polypeptides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5810. [PMID: 34608139 PMCID: PMC8490447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A great hurdle in the production of synthetic polypeptides lies in the access of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) monomers, which requires dry solvents, Schlenk line/gloveboxe, and protection of side-chain functional groups. Here we report a robust method for preparing unprotected NCA monomers in air and under moisture. The method employs epoxy compounds as ultra-fast scavengers of hydrogen chloride to allow assisted ring-closure and prevent NCA from acid-catalyzed decomposition under moist conditions. The broad scope and functional group tolerance of the method are demonstrated by the facile synthesis of over 30 different α/β-amino acid NCAs, including many otherwise inaccessible compounds with reactive functional groups, at high yield, high purity, and up to decagram scales. The utility of the method and the unprotected NCAs is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of two water-soluble polypeptides that are promising candidates for drug delivery and protein modification. Overall, our strategy holds great potential for facilitating the synthesis of NCA and expanding the industrial application of synthetic polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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15
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He W, Tao Y. Bifunctional Fluoroalcohol Catalysts Enabled Sustainable Synthesis of Poly(amino acid)s
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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16
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Bai T, Zhou P, Li Z, Zheng B, Ling J. Seeding Crystals, Harvesting Polypeptides: Preparing Long Chiral-Sequence Controlled Polypeptides by Interlocked Polymerization in Cocrystals (iPiC) of N-Thiocarboxyanhydride (NTA) at Room Temperature. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zixian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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17
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Gan BH, Gaynord J, Rowe SM, Deingruber T, Spring DR. The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7820-7880. [PMID: 34042120 PMCID: PMC8689412 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a post-antibiotic era. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention for their clinical potential as a new class of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we discuss several facets of AMPs including their diversity, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and effects of environmental factors on these features. This review outlines various chemical synthetic strategies that have been applied to develop novel AMPs, including chemical modifications of existing peptides, semi-synthesis, and computer-aided design. We will also highlight novel AMP structures, including hybrids, antimicrobial dendrimers and polypeptides, peptidomimetics, and AMP-drug conjugates and consider recent developments in their chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Josephine Gaynord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Sam M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tomas Deingruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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18
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Wang X, Song Z, Wei S, Ji G, Zheng X, Fu Z, Cheng J. Polypeptide-based drug delivery systems for programmed release. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120913. [PMID: 34217020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing interests in the use of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to prepare synthetic polypeptides, a class of biocompatible and versatile materials, for various biomedical applications. Because of their rich side-chain functionalities, diverse hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity profiles, and the capability of forming stable secondary structures, polypeptides can assemble into a variety of well-organized nano-structures that have unique advantages in drug delivery and controlled release. Herein, we review the design and use of polypeptide-based drug delivery system derived from NCA chemistry, and discuss the future perspectives of this exciting and important biomaterial area that may potentially change the landscape of next-generation therapeutics and diagnosis. Given the high significance of precise control over release for polypeptide-based systems, we specifically focus on the versatile designs of drug delivery systems capable of programmed release, through the changes in the chemical and physical properties controlled by the built-in molecular structures of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shiqi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Guonan Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuetao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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19
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Ge C, Ye H, Wu F, Zhu J, Song Z, Liu Y, Yin L. Biological applications of water-soluble polypeptides with ordered secondary structures. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6530-6547. [PMID: 32567639 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polypeptides are a class of synthetic polymers with peptide bond frameworks imitating natural proteins and have broad prospects in biological applications. The regulation and dynamic transition of the secondary structures of water-soluble polypeptides have a great impact on their physio-chemical properties and biological functions. In this review article, we briefly introduce the current strategies to synthesize polypeptides and modulate their secondary structures. We then discuss the factors affecting the conformational stability/transition of polypeptides and the potential impact of side-chain functionalization on the ordered secondary structures, such as α-helix and β-sheet. We then summarize the biological applications of water-soluble polypeptides such as cell penetration, gene delivery, and antimicrobial treatment, highlighting the important roles of ordered secondary structures therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ge
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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20
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Bai T, Zheng B, Ling J. Density Functional Theory Studies on the Synthesis of Poly(α-Amino Acid)s Via the Amine-Mediated Ring Opening Polymerizations of N-Carboxyanhydrides and N-Thiocarboxyanhydrides. Front Chem 2021; 9:645949. [PMID: 33855011 PMCID: PMC8039441 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.645949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To synthesize well-defined poly (α-amino acid)s (PAAs), ring opening polymerizations (ROP) of cyclic monomers of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) and N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) are most widely used. In this mini-review, we summarize the mechanism details of the monomer preparation and ROP. The present study used density functional theory calculations to reveal the mechanisms together with experimental phenomena in the past decades. Detailed discussion includes normal amine mechanism and the selectivity of the initiators bearing various nucleophilic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Xia Y, Song Z, Tan Z, Xue T, Wei S, Zhu L, Yang Y, Fu H, Jiang Y, Lin Y, Lu Y, Ferguson AL, Cheng J. Accelerated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides catalyzed by crown ether. Nat Commun 2021; 12:732. [PMID: 33531482 PMCID: PMC7854670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in accelerated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) enriched the toolbox to prepare well-defined polypeptide materials. Herein we report the use of crown ether (CE) to catalyze the polymerization of NCA initiated by conventional primary amine initiators in solvents with low polarity and low hydrogen-bonding ability. The cyclic structure of the CE played a crucial role in the catalysis, with 18-crown-6 enabling the fastest polymerization kinetics. The fast polymerization kinetics outpaced common side reactions, enabling the preparation of well-defined polypeptides using an α-helical macroinitiator. Experimental results as well as the simulation methods suggested that CE changed the binding geometry between NCA and propagating amino chain-end, which promoted the molecular interactions and lowered the activation energy for ring-opening reactions of NCAs. This work not only provides an efficient strategy to prepare well-defined polypeptides with functionalized C-termini, but also guides the design of catalysts for NCA polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tianrui Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shiqi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yingfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hailin Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yunjiang Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yanbing Lu
- Institute of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China.
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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22
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23
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Robust and smart polypeptide-based nanomedicines for targeted tumor therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:199-211. [PMID: 33137364 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines based on synthetic polypeptides are among the most versatile and advanced platforms for tumor therapy. Notably, several polypeptide-based nanodrugs are currently under human clinical assessments. The previous (pre)clinical studies clearly show that dynamic stability (i.e. stable in circulation while destabilized in tumor) of nanomedicines plays a vital role in their anti-tumor performance. Various strategies have recently been developed to design dynamically stabilized polypeptide-based nanomedicines by e.g. crosslinking the nanovehicles with acid, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), or photo-sensitive linkers, inter-crosslinking between vehicles and drugs, introducing π-π stacking or lipid-lipid interactions in the nanovehicles, chemically conjugating drugs to vehicles, and forming unimolecular micelles. Interestingly, these robust and smart nanodrugs have demonstrated improved tumor targetability, anti-tumor efficacy, as well as safety profiles in different tumor models. In this review, representative strategies to robust and smart polypeptide-based nanomedicines for targeted treatment of varying malignancies are highlighted. The exciting development of dynamic nanomedicines will foresee further increasing clinical translation in the future.
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24
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Eckhart KE, Starvaggi FA, Sydlik SA. One-Shot Synthesis of Peptide Amphiphiles with Applications in Directed Graphenic Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3878-3886. [PMID: 32687328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight, synthetic block copolypeptides that self-assemble are in high demand for biomedical applications. The current standard method for synthesis of block copolypeptides is the controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers, where block architectures can be created by sequential NCA monomer addition. Recently, researchers have focused on developing reaction conditions and initiation systems that make NCA ROP more convenient, particularly for interdisciplinary labs without designated polypeptide facilities. In an effort to further simplify and increase the convenience of polypeptide synthesis, we developed a one-shot copolymerization strategy that allows access to block copolypeptides by capitalizing on the inherently faster reactivity of NCA monomers, compared to NTA (N-thiocarboxyanhydride) monomers. For the first time, we combine an NCA and NTA monomer in one reaction to kinetically promote block copolypeptide formation, providing a convenient alternative to sequential monomer addition. The controlled nature of this copolymerization technique is supported by a molecular weight that is modulated by the concentration of the initiator and low dispersities. We used this one-shot copolymerization to synthesize p(lysine)-b-p(leucine), a known peptide amphiphile (PA). Our one-shot PAs are antimicrobial and can spontaneously form ordered, micron-scale assemblies. Covalent conjugation of one-shot PAs to a graphenic backbone results in a functional graphenic material (FGM) with a self-assembled morphology, paving the way for creation of sophisticated FGM scaffolds with polypeptide-templated, hierarchical order. Overall, we demonstrate that this novel, one-shot copolymerization strategy produces functional copolypeptides with macroscopic sequence control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline E Eckhart
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Francesca A Starvaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stefanie A Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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25
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Wu YM, Zhang WW, Zhou RY, Chen Q, Xie CY, Xiang HX, Sun B, Zhu MF, Liu RH. Facile Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polypeptides via Fast and Moisture Insensitive Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Xue T, Song Z, Wang Y, Zhu B, Zhao Z, Tan Z, Wang X, Xia Y, Cheng J. Streamlined Synthesis of PEG-Polypeptides Directly from Amino Acids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Vrijsen JH, Rasines Mazo A, Junkers T, Qiao GG. Accelerated Polypeptide Synthesis via
N
‐Carboxyanhydride Ring Opening Polymerization in Continuous Flow. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000071. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Hendrik Vrijsen
- The Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Organic and (Bio‐)Polymer Chemistry Institute for Materials Research Hasselt University Agoralaan D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Alicia Rasines Mazo
- The Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Organic and (Bio‐)Polymer Chemistry Institute for Materials Research Hasselt University Agoralaan D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Greg Guanghua Qiao
- The Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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28
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Mason AF, Altenburg WJ, Song S, van Stevendaal M, van Hest JCM. Terpolymer-stabilized complex coacervates: A robust and versatile synthetic cell platform. Methods Enzymol 2020; 646:51-82. [PMID: 33453933 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of liquid-liquid phase separated systems has seen increased attention as synthetic cell platforms due to their innate ability to sequester interesting, functional, and biologically relevant materials. However, their applications are limited by the temporal stability of such condensed phases. While there are a number of strategies toward droplet stabilization, in our group we have developed a polymer-based approach to stabilize complex coacervate microdroplets. These protocells are remarkably robust and have been utilized to support a number of new protocellular applications. Here, we describe in detail the methodologies we have developed for the synthesis of the starting components, their formation into stable, cargo-loaded protocells, and how these protocells are treated post-formation to purify and analyze the resultant functional self-assembled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Mason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiggert J Altenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shidong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Stevendaal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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29
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Grazon C, Salas‐Ambrosio P, Ibarboure E, Buol A, Garanger E, Grinstaff MW, Lecommandoux S, Bonduelle C. Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:622-626. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Grazon
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Alix Buol
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical EngineeringBoston University Boston MA USA
| | | | - Colin Bonduelle
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629Univ. Bordeaux 33600 Pessac France
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30
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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31
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Kuang G, Zhang Q, He S, Wu Y, Huang Y. Reduction-responsive disulfide linkage core-cross-linked polymeric micelles for site-specific drug delivery. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00987c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction-responsive disulfide linkage core-cross-linked polymeric micelles (CLM@DOX) were developed for effective site-specific doxorubicin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizhen Kuang
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450008
- P. R. China
| | - Qingfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Shasha He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Yanjuan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Science
- Ji'nan 250353
- PR China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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32
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Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA) of N‐Carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Wang X, Song Z, Tan Z, Zhu L, Xue T, Lv S, Fu Z, Zheng X, Ren J, Cheng J. Facile synthesis of helical multiblock copolypeptides: minimal side reactions with accelerated polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1517-1521. [PMID: 32775039 PMCID: PMC7413168 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock copolypeptides have attracted broad interests because their potential to form ordered structures and possess protein-mimetic functions. Controlled synthesis of multiblock copolypeptides through the sequential addition of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), especially with the block number higher than five, however, is challenging and rarely reported due to competing side reactions during the polymerization process. Herein we report the unprecedented synthesis of block copolypeptides with up to 20 blocks, enabled by ultrafast polypeptide chain propagation in a water/chloroform emulsion system that outpaces side reactions and ensures high end-group fidelity. Well-defined multiblock copolypeptides with desired block numbers, block lengths, and block sequences as well as very low dispersity were readily attainable in a few hours. This method paves the way for the fast production of a large number of sequence-regulated multiblock copolypeptide materials, which may exhibit interesting assembly behaviors and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianrui Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xuetao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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34
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Sun H, Gu X, Zhang Q, Xu H, Zhong Z, Deng C. Cancer Nanomedicines Based on Synthetic Polypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4299-4311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolei Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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35
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Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Synthetic Polypeptides from N-Carboxyanhydrides. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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36
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Zhao W, Lv Y, Li J, Feng Z, Ni Y, Hadjichristidis N. Fast and selective organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization by fluorinated alcohol without a cocatalyst. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3590. [PMID: 31399569 PMCID: PMC6689068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis is an important branch of catalysis for various organic transformations and materials preparation. Polymerizations promoted by organic catalysts can produce polymeric materials without any metallic residues, providing charming materials for high-value and sensitive domains such as biomedical applications, microelectronic devices and food packaging. Herein, we describe a fluorinated alcohol based catalytic system for polypeptide synthesis via catalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), fulfilling cocatalyst free, metal free, high rate and high selectivity. During polymerization, the fluorinated alcohol catalyst forms multiple dynamic hydrogen bonds with the initiator, monomer and propagating polymer chain. These cooperative hydrogen bonding interactions activate the NCA monomers and simultaneously protect the overactive initiator/propagating polymer chain-ends, which offers the whole polymerization with high activity and selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate a monocomponent-multifunctional catalytic mode of fluorinated alcohol. This finding provides a metal free and fast approach to access well-defined polypeptides. Polymerizations promoted by organic catalysts can produce polymeric materials without any metallic residues contamination. Here the authors show a fluorinated alcohol based catalytic system for polypeptide synthesis from α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride, fulfilling cocatalyst and metal free conditions with high rate and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfeng Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Feng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Hirschmann M, Schwab M, Thiele CM. Molecular Weights: The Key for Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phases of Poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Hirschmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mira Schwab
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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38
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Canalp MB, Meister A, Binder WH. Secondary structure of end group functionalized oligomeric-l-lysines: investigations of solvent and structure dependent helicity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21707-21714. [PMID: 35518853 PMCID: PMC9066437 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillation of supramolecular building blocks represents an important model system for complex proteins and peptides, such as amyloidogenic proteins, displaying aggregation and subsequent collapse of their biological functions. In this work, we synthesized narrow-dispersed, end group-telechelic, oligomeric-(l-lysine(carboxybenzyl (Z)/trifluoroacetyl (TFA))) n s (n = 3-33) as a model system for studying assembly and secondary structure formation, prepared via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA). Our primary goal was to understand the influence of amino acid chain length and end group-modification on the secondary structure and fibrillation of the oligo-Z/TFA-protected lysines. Synthesis was accomplished by initiation of ROP with 11-amino-undecene, followed by complete chain end functionalization reactions of the N-terminus by 10-undecenoyl-chloride. The so obtained oligomeric-(l-lysine(Z/TFA)) n s were fractionated according to their number of repeating units (n) with preparative GPC using DMF as the eluent. As proven by MALDI-ToF MS, 1H-NMR-spectroscopy and analytical GPC, they were separated into fractions with low polydispersity (Đ) values, ranging from 1.02-1.08. Secondary structural investigations of these narrowly-dispersed oligomeric-(l-lysine(Z/TFA)) n s (n = 33 ± 6, n = 18 ± 6, n = 12 ± 4, n = 5 ± 2) were accomplished by CD spectroscopy in TFE and HFIP, indicating that TFE was able to induce/stabilize the formation of α-helicity. Fibril formation of oligomeric-(l-lysine(Z/TFA)) n s with shorter chain lengths (n = 7 and n = 3) were chosen to investigate the effect of the number of repeating units' role on the self-assembly of the oligomers in TFE. TEM images of these selected fractions, f19 with n = 7 and f28 with n = 3, showed that fibrillization occured and the formation of a dense fibrillar mesh was observed when the amino acid chain length is equal to 7. Therefore, the influences of the number of repeating units (n), end-group functionalities (mono- or bis-functional) and the choice of solvents (TFE or HFIP) on the propensity to form helical structure allowed us to calibrate their secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Basak Canalp
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 Halle (Saale) D-06120 Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a Halle (Saale) D-06120 Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 Halle (Saale) D-06120 Germany
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39
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Binaphthol-derived phosphoric acids as efficient organocatalysts for the controlled ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl- -glutamate N-carboxyanhydrides. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Soria-Carrera H, Lucía A, De Matteis L, Aínsa JA, de la Fuente JM, Martín-Rapún R. Polypeptidic Micelles Stabilized with Sodium Alginate Enhance the Activity of Encapsulated Bedaquiline. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800397. [PMID: 30645022 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coating of polypeptidic micelles with sodium alginate is described as a strategy to improve the stability of micelles for drug delivery. Bedaquiline, approved in 2012 for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, has been used as an example of hydrophobic drug to study the loading efficiency, the release of the encapsulated drug in different media, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the system. Alginate coating prevents the burst release of the drug from micelles upon dilution and leads to a sustained release in all tested media. In view of possible oral administration, the alginate coated micelles show better stability in gastric and intestinal simulated media. Notably, the encapsulated bedaquiline shows increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to free bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Soria-Carrera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura De Matteis
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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41
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Investigation of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides by X-ray diffraction for controlled ring-opening polymerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Ma P, Zhou R, Hua L, Liu R. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide initiated superfast ring opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5297. [PMID: 30546065 PMCID: PMC6294000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptides have broad applications and can be prepared via ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Conventional initiators, such as primary amines, give slow NCA polymerization, which requires multiple days to reach completion and can result in substantial side reactions, especially for very reactive NCAs. Moreover, current NCA polymerizations are very sensitive to moisture and must typically be conducted in a glove box. Here we show that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) initiates an extremely rapid NCA polymerization process that is completed within minutes or hours and can be conducted in an open vessel. Polypeptides with variable chain length (DP = 20–1294) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.28) were readily prepared with this approach. Mechanistic studies support an anionic ring opening polymerization mechanism. This living NCA polymerization method allowed rapid synthesis of polypeptide libraries for high-throughput functional screening. Ring-opening polymerizations of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form polypeptides are usually sensitive to moisture, slow and can undergo side reactions. Here the authors use lithium hexamethyldisilazide to initiate α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerizations that is very fast and can be conducted in an open vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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43
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Muhl C, Schäfer O, Bauer T, Räder HJ, Barz M. Poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-homocysteine): An α-Helical Polypeptide for Chemoselective Disulfide Formation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Muhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School MAterials Science IN mainZ (MAINZ), Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Siefker D, Williams AZ, Stanley GG, Zhang D. Organic Acid Promoted Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Amino Acid-Derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) toward Well-defined Polypeptides. ACS Macro Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Siefker
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ajah Z. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - George G. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Gebru H, Wang X, Li Z, Liu J, Xu J, Wang H, Xu S, Wei F, Zhu H, Guo K. Brønsted base mediated one-pot synthesis of catechol-ended amphiphilic polysarcosine-b-poly(N-butyl glycine) diblock copolypeptoids. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Catechol moiety offers a versatile platform in the preparation of functionalized polymers, but it is not usually compatible with catalysis in polymerizations. To address these challenges, we suggest employment of one Brønsted base in masking the activity of catechol moiety and to modulate the polymerization. Based on this strategy, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of sarcosine N-carboxyanhydrides (Sar-NCA) was carried out using dopamine hydrochloride as an initiator and triethylamine as a Brønsted base. PSar with predicted molecular weights (M
n,NMR=3.7 kg mol−1) and narrow dispersities (Đ<1.13) was prepared. Catechol initiator was successfully linked to PSar end as confirmed by MALDI-ToF MS. Subsequently, copolymerization of N-butyl glycine N-carboxyanhydrides (Bu-Gly-NCA) from the PSar in one-pot produced catechol end-functionalized amphiphilic polysarcosine-block-poly(N-butyl glycine) diblock copolypeptoids (cat-PSar-b-PGlyBu). Further, cat-PSar-b-PGlyBu enabled the aqueous dispersion of manganese oxide nanoparticles which was attributable to the anchor of the diblock copolymers onto the surface of the nanoparticles. The strategy for catechol masking and polymerization mediating by one Brønsted base offered a new avenue into the synthesis of catechol-ended block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemariam Gebru
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Mizan-Tepi University , PO Box 260 , Tepi , Ethiopia
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Songquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Fulan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , 30 Puzhu Road South , Nanjing 211816 , China
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Lu H. A S-Sn Lewis Pair-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides: Fast Kinetics, High Molecular Weight, and Facile Bioconjugation. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:892-897. [PMID: 35650961 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and controlled generation of polypeptides with ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) and well-defined chain end functionality has been a great challenge. To tackle this problem, we report here an initiation system based on a S-Sn Lewis pair, trimethylstannyl phenyl sulfide (PhS-SnMe3), for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). This initiator displays a strong solvent effect, and can yield polypeptides with high MW (>1.0 × 105 g·mol-1) and low polydispersity index within a few hours. The MWs of the obtained polypeptides are strongly dependent on the THF/DMF ratio. The polymerization follows a typical first-order kinetic character with respect to the monomer concentration in mixed THF and DMF. Moreover, a highly reactive phenyl thioester is in situ generated at the C-terminus of the polypeptides, which is readily accessible for native chemical ligation affording high MW and site-specific protein-polypeptide conjugates. Together, this initiator sheds light on regulating the ROP of NCAs via appropriate Lewis pair and solvent selection, and is particularly useful in preparing ultrahigh MW polypeptides within a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Yuan
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zezhou Li
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoyi Wang
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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Li XC, Hu CS, Li HJ, Li PY, Haleem A, He WD. Ring-opening cryo-polymerization of N-carboxy-α-amino acid anhydride of γ-benzyl l-Glutamate. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Schäfer O, Barz M. Of Thiols and Disulfides: Methods for Chemoselective Formation of Asymmetric Disulfides in Synthetic Peptides and Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:12131-12142. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Yang L, Tang H, Sun H. Progress in Photo-Responsive Polypeptide Derived Nano-Assemblies. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E296. [PMID: 30424229 PMCID: PMC6187351 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials have attracted significant attention in a variety of high-value-added and industrial applications during the past decade. Among various stimuli, light is of particular interest as a stimulus because of its unique advantages, such as precisely spatiotemporal control, mild conditions, ease of use, and tunability. In recent years, a lot of effort towards the synthesis of a biocompatible and biodegradable polypeptide has resulted in many examples of photo-responsive nanoparticles. Depending on the specific photochemistry, those polypeptide derived nano-assemblies are capable of crosslinking, disassembling, or morphing into other shapes upon light irradiation. In this mini-review, we aim to assess the current state of photo-responsive polypeptide based nanomaterials. Firstly, those 'smart' nanomaterials will be categorized by their photo-triggered events (i.e., crosslinking, degradation, and isomerization), which are inherently governed by photo-sensitive functionalities, including O-nitrobenzyl, coumarin, azobenzene, cinnamyl, and spiropyran. In addition, the properties and applications of those polypeptide nanomaterials will be highlighted as well. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of this subject will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Houliang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Birke A, Ling J, Barz M. Polysarcosine-containing copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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