1
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Duez Q, Hoyas S, Josse T, Cornil J, Gerbaux P, De Winter J. Gas-phase structure of polymer ions: Tying together theoretical approaches and ion mobility spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1129-1151. [PMID: 34747528 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies take advantage of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to investigate the spatial structure of gaseous ions. Synthetic polymers occupy a unique place in the field of IMS-MS. Indeed, due to their intrinsic dispersity, they offer a broad range of homologous ions with different lengths. To help rationalize experimental data, various theoretical approaches have been described. First, the study of trend lines is proposed to derive physicochemical and structural parameters. However, the evaluation of data fitting reflects the overall behavior of the ions without reflecting specific information on their conformation. Atomistic simulations constitute another approach that provide accurate information about the ion shape. The overall scope of this review is dedicated to the synergy between IMS-MS and theoretical approaches, including computational chemistry, demonstrating the essential role they play to fully understand/interpret IMS-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Hoyas
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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2
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Controlling morphology and microstructure of conjugated polymers via solution-state aggregation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Freychet G, Chantler P, Huang Y, Tan WL, Zhernenkov M, Nayak N, Kumar A, Gilhooly-Finn PA, Nielsen CB, Thomsen L, Roychoudhury S, Sirringhaus H, Prendergast D, McNeill CR. Resolving the backbone tilt of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) with resonant tender X-ray diffraction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1649-1657. [PMID: 35421883 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The way in which conjugated polymers pack in the solid state strongly affects the performance of polymer-based optoelectronic devices. However, even for the most crystalline conjugated polymers the precise packing of chains within the unit cell is not well established. Here we show that by performing resonant X-ray diffraction experiments at the sulfur K-edge we are able to resolve the tilting of the planar backbones of crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) within the unit cell. This approach exploits the anisotropic nature of the X-ray optical properties of conjugated polymers, enabling us to discern between different proposed crystal structures. By comparing our data with simulations based on different orientations, a tilting of the planar conjugated backbone with respect to the side chain stacking direction of 30 ± 5° is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Chantler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Nagaraj Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Peter A Gilhooly-Finn
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Subhayan Roychoudhury
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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4
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Freychet G, Lemaur V, Jevric M, Vu D, Olivier Y, Zhernenkov M, Andersson MR, McNeill CR. Multi-Edge Resonant Tender X-ray Diffraction for Probing the Crystalline Packing of Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Doan Vu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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5
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Jacobs IE, D'Avino G, Lemaur V, Lin Y, Huang Y, Chen C, Harrelson TF, Wood W, Spalek LJ, Mustafa T, O'Keefe CA, Ren X, Simatos D, Tjhe D, Statz M, Strzalka JW, Lee JK, McCulloch I, Fratini S, Beljonne D, Sirringhaus H. Structural and Dynamic Disorder, Not Ionic Trapping, Controls Charge Transport in Highly Doped Conducting Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3005-3019. [PMID: 35157800 PMCID: PMC8874922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Doped organic semiconductors are critical to emerging device applications, including thermoelectrics, bioelectronics, and neuromorphic computing devices. It is commonly assumed that low conductivities in these materials result primarily from charge trapping by the Coulomb potentials of the dopant counterions. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study rebutting this belief. Using a newly developed doping technique based on ion exchange, we prepare highly doped films with several counterions of varying size and shape and characterize their carrier density, electrical conductivity, and paracrystalline disorder. In this uniquely large data set composed of several classes of high-mobility conjugated polymers, each doped with at least five different ions, we find electrical conductivity to be strongly correlated with paracrystalline disorder but poorly correlated with ionic size, suggesting that Coulomb traps do not limit transport. A general model for interacting electrons in highly doped polymers is proposed and carefully parametrized against atomistic calculations, enabling the calculation of electrical conductivity within the framework of transient localization theory. Theoretical calculations are in excellent agreement with experimental data, providing insights into the disorder-limited nature of charge transport and suggesting new strategies to further improve conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Gabriele D'Avino
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Yue Lin
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Chen Chen
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Thomas F Harrelson
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road Building 67, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - William Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Leszek J Spalek
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Tarig Mustafa
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christopher A O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Dimitrios Simatos
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dion Tjhe
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Martin Statz
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Joseph W Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,KAUST Solar Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Fratini
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
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6
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Significance of secondary forces toward improving the charge carrier mobility of Isoindigo based conjugated small molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Freychet G, Gann E, Zhernenkov M, McNeill CR. Anisotropic Resonant X-ray Diffraction of a Conjugated Polymer at the Sulfur K-Edge. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3762-3766. [PMID: 33844538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The planar, aromatic nature of the backbone of conjugated polymers endows them with anisotropic properties. Here we show that the resonant X-ray diffraction of a sulfur-containing semicrystalline conjugated polymer at the sulfur K-edge is highly anisotropic, with strong modulation of diffracted intensity depending upon the relative orientation of the polarization of the incident beam with respect to the diffracting crystal planes. Through determination of the anisotropic resonant scattering factors, we can spectroscopically reproduce the observed resonant anisotropic scattering effects based on a proposed unit cell geometry for the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eliot Gann
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Yao ZF, Zheng YQ, Dou JH, Lu Y, Ding YF, Ding L, Wang JY, Pei J. Approaching Crystal Structure and High Electron Mobility in Conjugated Polymer Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006794. [PMID: 33501736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers usually form crystallized and amorphous regions in the solid state simultaneously, making it difficult to accurately determine their precise microstructures. The lack of multiscale microstructures of conjugated polymers limits the fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships in polymer-based optoelectronic devices. Here, crystals of two typical conjugated polymers based on four-fluorinated benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (F4 BDOPV) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) motifs, respectively, are obtained by a controlled self-assembly process. The strong diffractivity of the polymer crystals brings an opportunity to determine the crystal structures by combining X-ray techniques and molecular simulations. The precise polymer packing structures are useful as initial models to evaluate the charge transport properties in the ordered and disordered phases. Compared to the spin-coated thin films, the highly oriented polymer chains in crystals endow higher mobilities with a lower hopping energy barrier. Microwire crystal transistors of F4 BDOPV- and NDI-based polymers exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 5.58 and 2.56 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively, which are among the highest values in polymer crystals. This work presents a simple method to obtain polymer crystals and their precise microstructures, promoting a deep understanding of molecular packing and charge transport for conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Freychet G, Gann E, Thomsen L, Jiao X, McNeill CR. Resonant Tender X-ray Diffraction for Disclosing the Molecular Packing of Paracrystalline Conjugated Polymer Films. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1409-1415. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eliot Gann
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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10
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Pan Y, Huang J, Gao D, Chen Z, Zhang W, Yu G. An insight into the role of side chains in the microstructure and carrier mobility of high-performance conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of linear-chain interdigitation on device performance was studied in detail by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchai Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Dong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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11
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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12
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Hoyas S, Lemaur V, Duez Q, Saintmont F, Halin E, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Cornil J. PEPDROID: Development of a Generic DREIDING-Based Force Field for the Assessment of Peptoid Secondary Structures. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Hoyas
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Quentin Duez
- Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Fabrice Saintmont
- Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Emilie Halin
- Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Mons 7000 Belgium
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13
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Ouyang G, Wu H, Qiao X, Zhang J, Li H. Modulating Surface Morphology and Thin-Film Transistor Performance of Bi-thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Polymer Semiconductor by Altering Preaggregation in Solution. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9290-9295. [PMID: 31459061 PMCID: PMC6644335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their strong intermolecular interactions, polymer semiconductors aggregate in solution even at elevated temperature. With the aim to study the effect of this kind preaggregation on the order of thin films and further transistor performance, bi-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and fluorinated oligothiophene copolymerized polymer semiconductor P1, which shows strong temperature-dependent aggregation behavior in solution, is synthesized. Its films are deposited through a temperature-controlled dip-coating technique. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy results reveal that the aggregation behavior of P1 in solution affects the microstructures and order of P1 films. The charge transport properties of P1 films are investigated with bottom-gate top-contacted thin-film transistors. The variation of device performance (from 0.014 to 1.03 cm2 V-1 s-1) demonstrates the importance of optimizing preaggregation degree. The correlation between preaggregation degree and transistor performance of P1 films is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Ouyang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- The
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongzhuo Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- The
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolan Qiao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional
Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Chaudhari SR, Griffin JM, Broch K, Lesage A, Lemaur V, Dudenko D, Olivier Y, Sirringhaus H, Emsley L, Grey CP. Donor-acceptor stacking arrangements in bulk and thin-film high-mobility conjugated polymers characterized using molecular modelling and MAS and surface-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3126-3136. [PMID: 28507688 PMCID: PMC5413886 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers show promising properties as cheap, sustainable and solution-processable semiconductors. A key challenge in the development of these materials is to determine the polymer chain structure, conformation and packing in both the bulk polymer and in thin films typically used in devices. However, many characterisation techniques are unable to provide atomic-level structural information owing to the presence of disorder. Here, we use molecular modelling, magic-angle spinning (MAS) and dynamic nuclear polarisation surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP SENS) to characterise the polymer backbone group conformations and packing arrangement in the high-mobility donor-acceptor copolymer diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPP-DTT). Using conventional 1H and 13C solid-state MAS NMR coupled with density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bulk polymer adopts a highly planar backbone conformation with a laterally-shifted donor-on-acceptor stacking arrangement. DNP SENS enables acquisition of 13C NMR data for polymer films, where sensitivity is limiting owing to small sample volumes. The DNP signal enhancement enables a two-dimensional 1H-13C HETCOR spectrum to be recorded for a drop-cast polymer film, and a 13C CPMAS NMR spectrum to be recorded for a spin-coated thin-film with a thickness of only 400 nm. The results show that the same planar backbone structure and intermolecular stacking arrangement is preserved in the films following solution processing and annealing, thereby rationalizing the favourable device properties of DPP-DTT, and providing a protocol for the study of other thin film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin R Chaudhari
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques , Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) , 69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Katharina Broch
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques , Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs , Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1) , 69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials , Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) , Université de Mons (UMons) , 20 Place du Parc , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
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15
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Anton AM, Steyrleuthner R, Kossack W, Neher D, Kremer F. Spatial Orientation and Order of Structure-Defining Subunits in Thin Films of a High Mobility n-Type Copolymer. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilhelm Kossack
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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An Y, Long DX, Kim Y, Noh YY, Yang C. Improved electron transport properties of n-type naphthalenediimide polymers through refined molecular ordering and orientation induced by processing solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12486-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01314g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new NDI-based polymers, P(NDI2SiC5-T2) and P(NDI2SiC5-TTh) were synthesized to determine the role played by the choice of processing solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin An
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- South Korea
| | - Dang Xuan Long
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Seoul 04620
- South Korea
| | - Yiho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- South Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Seoul 04620
- South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- South Korea
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17
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Giussani E, Brambilla L, Fazzi D, Sommer M, Kayunkid N, Brinkmann M, Castiglioni C. Structural Characterization of Highly Oriented Naphthalene-Diimide-Bithiophene Copolymer Films via Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2062-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511451s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Giussani
- Center
for NanoScience and Technology CNST, IIT@PoliMi, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Brambilla
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Navaphun Kayunkid
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue
du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue
du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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19
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Caddeo C, Fazzi D, Caironi M, Mattoni A. Atomistic Simulations of P(NDI2OD-T2) Morphologies: From Single Chain to Condensed Phases. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:12556-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5085789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Caddeo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM SLACS), Unità di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for
Nano
Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM SLACS), Unità di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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20
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Takacs CJ, Brady MA, Treat ND, Kramer EJ, Chabinyc ML. Quadrites and crossed-chain crystal structures in polymer semiconductors. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3096-3101. [PMID: 24820648 DOI: 10.1021/nl500150t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many high-performance conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics and transistors crystallize such that chains are parallel, resulting in significant anisotropy of the nanoscale charge transport properties. Here we demonstrate an unusual intercrystallite relationship where thin lamellae adopt a preferred epitaxial relationship with crossed-chains at the interface. The crossed-chains may allow either crystal to use the other as an "electronic shunt", creating efficient quasi-three-dimensional transport pathways that reduce the severity of grain boundaries and defects in limiting transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Takacs
- Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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21
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Olivier Y, Niedzialek D, Lemaur V, Pisula W, Müllen K, Koldemir U, Reynolds JR, Lazzaroni R, Cornil J, Beljonne D. 25th anniversary article: high-mobility hole and electron transport conjugated polymers: how structure defines function. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2119-36. [PMID: 24599835 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The structural organization of three different families of semicrystalline π-conjugated polymers is reported (poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-alkyl-4H-cyclopenta-[2,1-b;3,4-b0]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)](cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole) (CDT-BTZ) and poly(N,N"-bis-2-octyldodecylnaphtalene-1,4,5,8-bis-dicarboximide-2,6-diyl-alt-5,5-2,2-bithiophene (P(NDI2OD-T2))). These have triggered significant interest for their remarkable charge-transport properties. By performing molecular mechanics/dynamics simulations with carefully re-parameterized force fields, it is illustrated in particular how the supramolecular organization of these conjugated polymers is driven by an interplay between the length and nature of the conjugated monomer unit and the packing of their alkyl side chains, and to what extent it impacts the charge-carrier mobility, as monitored by quantum-chemical calculations of the intermolecular hopping transfer integrals. This Progress Report is concluded by providing generic guidelines for the design of materials with enhanced degrees of supramolecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
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22
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Steyrleuthner R, Di Pietro R, Collins BA, Polzer F, Himmelberger S, Schubert M, Chen Z, Zhang S, Salleo A, Ade H, Facchetti A, Neher D. The Role of Regioregularity, Crystallinity, and Chain Orientation on Electron Transport in a High-Mobility n-Type Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4245-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4118736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Steyrleuthner
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Pietro
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brian A. Collins
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Frank Polzer
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott Himmelberger
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Marcel Schubert
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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