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Chang CY, Manesi GM, Wang WE, Hung YC, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Frank-Kasper-like network phase from self-assembly of high-χ star-block copolymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado4786. [PMID: 38875328 PMCID: PMC11177940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
By taking advantage of the effects of solvent selectivity and topology on high-χ block copolymer (BCP) for self-assembly, network phases with high packing frustration can be formed in self-assembled polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS). Apart from gyroid with trigonal structure and diamond with tetrahedral structure, a peculiar network phase with space group of [Formula: see text] (Frank-Kasper structure) can be found in six-arm star-block PS-b-PDMS as evidenced by small-angle x-ray scattering. Electron tomography results reveal the network phase with alternating connection of three and four struts. The observed phase behaviors suggest that the network formation is built from the bisectors of dispersive spheres in the Frank-Kasper phase, instead of building connections among them, and thus decipher the origins of complex phase formation due to the adaptive character of malleable mesoatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Wei-En Wang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chueh Hung
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Miyamori Y, Tong L, Nabae Y, Hatakeyama-Sato K, Hayakawa T. Core-Shell Double Gyroids Directed by Selective Solvation for ABC Triblock Terpolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400093. [PMID: 38639102 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The formation of ABC triblock terpolymers through solution casting is still challenging. In this study, core-shell double gyroid network structures are fabricated via solution casting using poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) (F)-b-[poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) (P)]-b-[polystyrene (PS) (S)] (FPS) triblock terpolymers in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Upon heat treatment, the polymer tends to form a sphere-in-lamellar structure at the F/S interface. Given the solubility properties of each component in DMF, it is anticipated that the effective volume fraction of F relative to P would increase in concentrated solutions and the effective volume fraction of S would decrease. The microphase-separated structure derived from the DMF solution consistently results in the formation of a network structure composed of a core-shell double gyroid, with F as the matrix, P as the shell, and S as the core, and their periodic lengths gradually increase to 110.8, 131.8, and 162.7 nm as increase molecular weights of PS blocks to 13.8, 20.7, and 28.8 kg mol-1. Based on the solubility properties of the polymer components highlighted in this study, the solvent selection strategy is broadly applicable to ABC triblock terpolymers featuring various polymer components, offering a more efficient avenue for fabricating core-shell double gyroid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyamori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Liang Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Rare Earth Building B512, No.156 Kejia Avenue, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kan Hatakeyama-Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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3
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Sadek H, Siddique SK, Wang CW, Chiu PT, Lee CC, Ho RM. Starfish-Inspired Diamond-Structured Calcite Single Crystals from a Bottom-up Approach as Mechanical Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15678-15686. [PMID: 37387522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by knobby starfish, this work demonstrates a bottom-up approach for fabricating a calcite single-crystal (CSC) with a diamond structure by exploiting the self-assembly of the block copolymer and corresponding templated synthesis. Similar to the knobby starfish, the diamond structure of the CSC gives rise to a brittle-to-ductile transition. Most interestingly, the diamond-structured CSC fabricated exhibits exceptional specific energy absorption and strength with lightweight character superior to natural materials and artificial counterparts from a top-down approach due to the nanosized effect. This approach provides the feasibility for creating mechanical metamaterials with the combined effects of the topology and nanosize on the mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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4
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Grandes Reyes CF, Ha S, Kim KT. Synthesis and applications of polymer cubosomes and hexosomes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sungmin Ha
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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5
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Fabrication of Ordered Porous Polyimide Films Templated by (AB) m Type of Diblock Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030635. [PMID: 36771936 PMCID: PMC9921791 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordered porous polyimide films were fabricated from (AB)m type of diblock copolymer polyimide-b-polystyrene (PI-b-PS). An increase in PS volume fraction (f VPS) is beneficial to decrease the relative dielectric constants and water contact angles of the obtained porous PI films: the relative dielectric constant decreases to 1.89 and water contact angle decreases to 43° when f VPS is 0.36, indicating porous PI films can be used as low-κ material and have good wettability. The solvent uptake of the porous PI films increases with increasing f VPS. A net-like morphology appears when f VPS reaches 0.36. The net-like porous PI film reaches equilibrium uptake of water within approximately 2.5 h, with a final equilibrium uptake ratio of 17.5%, and reaches equilibrium uptake of toluene within approximately 8 h, with a final equilibrium uptake ratio of 15.4%, displaying the highest and fastest solvent uptake compared with other microstructured porous PI films, which is ascribed to the specific characteristic of the interconnecting porous channels derived from the self-assembly of PI-b-PS with f VPS 0.36. Introducing thermally degradable segments to PI-based block copolymer is an effective method to prepare porous PI films and can enhance some of their properties.
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Puneet P, Shao SW, Ho RM. Induced Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence for Block Copolymers with Chiral Communications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200369. [PMID: 35836097 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many sophisticated chiral materials are found in living organisms, giving specific functions and required complexity. Owing to the remarkable optical properties of chiral materials, they have drawn significant attention for the development of synthetic materials to give optical activities for appealing applications. In contrast to a top-down approach, the bottom-up approach from self-assembled systems with chiral host-achiral guest and achiral guest-chiral host for induced circular dichroism and induced circularly polarized luminescence has greatly emerged because of its cost-effective advantage with easy fabrication for mesoscale assembly. Self-assembled hierarchical textures with chiral sense indeed give significant amplification of the dissymmetry factors of absorption and luminescence (gabs and glum ), resulting from the formation of well-ordered superstructures and phases with the building of chromophores and luminophores. By taking advantage of the microphase separation of block copolymers via self-assembly, a variety of well-defined chiral nanostructures can be formed as tertiary superstructures that can be further extended to quaternary phases in bulk or thin film. In this article, a conceptual perspective is presented to utilize the self-assembly of chiral block copolymers with chiral communications, giving quaternary phases with well-ordered textures at the nanoscale for significant enhancement of dissymmetry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhup Puneet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wei Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
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7
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Qiu S, Li Z, Ye X, Ying X, Zhou J, Wang Y. Selective Swelling of Polystyrene (PS)/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) Block Copolymers in Alkanes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoutian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Lee TL, Lin JW, Ho RM. Controlled Self-Assembly of Polystyrene- block-Polydimethylsiloxane for Fabrication of Nanonetwork Silica Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54194-54202. [PMID: 36404593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work aims to carry out controlled self-assembly of single-composition block copolymer for the fabrication of various nanonetwork silica monoliths. With the use of lamellae-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS), nanonetwork-structured films could be fabricated by solvent annealing using a PS-selective solvent (chloroform). By simply tuning the flow rate of nitrogen purge to the PS-selective solvent for the controlled self-assembly of the PS-b-PDMS, gyroid- and diamond-structured monoliths can be formed due to the difference in the effective volume of PS in the PS-b-PDMS during solvent annealing. As a result, well-ordered nanonetwork SiO2 (silica) monoliths can be fabricated by templated sol-gel reaction using hydrofluoric acid etched PS-b-PDMS film as a template followed by the removal of the PS. This bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanonetwork materials through templated synthesis is appealing to create nanonetwork materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
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9
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Sadek H, K Siddique S, Wang CW, Lee CC, Chang SY, Ho RM. Bioinspired Nanonetwork Hydroxyapatite from Block Copolymer Templated Synthesis for Mechanical Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18298-18306. [PMID: 36264050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by Mantis shrimp, this work aims to suggest a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanonetwork hydroxyapatite (HAp) thin film using self-assembled polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) block copolymer (BCP) with a diamond nanostructure as a template for templated sol-gel reaction. By introducing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into precursors of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphite, which limits the growth of forming HAp nanoparticles, well-ordered nanonetwork HAp thin film can be fabricated. Based on nanoindentation results, the well-ordered nanonetwork HAp shows high energy dissipation compared to the intrinsic HAp. Moreover, the uniaxial microcompression test for the nanonetwork HAp shows high energy absorption per volume and high compression strength, outperforming many cellular materials due to the topologic effect of the well-ordered network at the nanoscale. This work highlights the potential of exploiting BCP templated synthesis to fabricate ionic solid materials with a well-ordered nanonetwork monolith, giving rise to the brittle-to-ductile transition, and thus appealing mechanical properties with the character of mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yi Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Yang KC, Puneet P, Chiu PT, Ho RM. Well-Ordered Nanonetwork Metamaterials from Block Copolymer Templated Syntheses. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2033-2042. [PMID: 35849801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThrough the morphological evolution to give highly optimized complex architectures at different length scales, fine-tuned textures for specific functions in living organisms can be achieved in nature such as a bone core with very complicated porous architecture to attain a significant structural efficiency attributed to delicately structured ligaments and density gradients. As inspired by nature, materials with periodic network structures (i.e., well-defined porous textures) in the nanoscale are appealing and promising for innovative properties. Biomimicking from nature, organic and/or inorganic nanonetworks can be synthetically fabricated, giving broadness and effectiveness when tuning the desired properties. Metamaterials are materials whose effective properties do not result from the bulk behavior of the constituent materials but rather mainly from their deliberate structuring. The performances of fabricating metamaterials will depend on the control of size, shape, order, and orientation of the forming textures. One of the appealing textures for the deliberate structuring is network architecture. Network materials possess self-supporting frameworks, open-cell character, high porosity, and large specific surface area, giving specific functions and complexity for diverse applications. As demonstrated by recent studies, exceptional mechanical performances such as negative thermal expansion, negative Poisson's ratio, and twisting under uniaxial forces can be achieved by the effect of the deliberate structuring with nanonetwork textures. In contrast to a top-down approach, a bottom-up approach is cost-effective, and also it can overcome the size limitation to reach nanoscale fabrication. It can be foreseen that network metamaterials with a feature size of tens of nanometers (referred as nanonetwork metamaterials) may provide new comprehension of the structure and property relationships for various materials. The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) is one of the most used methods to build up well-ordered nanostructured phases from a bottom-up approach with precise control of size, shape, and orientation in the thin films for realistic applications. In this account, we summarize recent advancements in the fabrication of nanohybrids and nanoporous materials with well-ordered nanonetwork textures even with controlled helicity by combining block copolymer self-assembly and templated syntheses for mechanical and optical applications with superior properties beyond nature as metamaterials as well as chiral metamaterials with new properties for chiroptic applications such as chiral plasmonics, beam splitter, and negative refraction. The description of the fundamental facets of a nonconventional structure-property relationship with the characters of metamaterials and the state-of-the-art methodologies to fabricate nanonetworks using block copolymer self-assembly will stimulate research activities for the development of nanonetwork metamaterials with exceptional individual and multifunctional properties for futuristic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Puhup Puneet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Po-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 30013, R.O.C
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11
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Mehringer KD, Davis BJ, Kemp LK, Ma G, Hunt SB, Storey RF, Gu X, Thornell TL, Wedgeworth DN, Simon YC, Morgan SE. Synthesis and Morphology of High Molecular Weight Polyisobutylene-Polystyrene Block Copolymers Containing Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200487. [PMID: 35822234 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating dynamic covalent bonds into block copolymers provides useful molecular level information during mechanical testing, but it is currently unknown how the incorporation of these units affects the resultant polymer morphology. High molecular weight polyisobutylene-b-polystyrene (PIB-b-PS) block copolymers containing an anthracene/maleimide dynamic covalent bond were synthesized through a combination of post polymerization modification, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and Diels-Alder coupling. The bulk morphologies with and without dynamic covalent bond were characterized by AFM and SAXS which revealed a strong dependence on annealing time and casting solvent. Morphology is largely unaffected by the inclusion of the mechanophore. The high molecular weight polymers synthesized allow interrogation of a large range of polymer domain sizes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Mehringer
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Brad J Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Samuel B Hunt
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Robson F Storey
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Travis L Thornell
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Dane N Wedgeworth
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Yoan C Simon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Sunitha K, Mahesh S, Suchithra C, Unnikrishnan G, Reghunadhan Nair CP. Comb like amphiphilic graft copolymers bearing PDMS and PEO side chains: synthesis and solvent assisted self-assembly behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Siddique SK, Sadek H, Lee TL, Tsai CY, Chang SY, Tsai HH, Lin TS, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Block Copolymer Modified Nanonetwork Epoxy Resin for Superior Energy Dissipation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091891. [PMID: 35567059 PMCID: PMC9105528 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, this work aims to fabricate well-ordered nanonetwork epoxy resin modified with poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBA-b-PMMA) block copolymer (BCP) for enhanced energy dissipation using a self-assembled diblock copolymer of polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) with gyroid and diamond structures as templates. A systematic study of mechanical properties using nanoindentation of epoxy resin with gyroid- and diamond-structures after modification revealed significant enhancement in energy dissipation, with the values of 0.36 ± 0.02 nJ (gyroid) and 0.43 ± 0.03 nJ (diamond), respectively, when compared to intrinsic epoxy resin (approximately 0.02 ± 0.002 nJ) with brittle characteristics. This enhanced property is attributed to the synergic effect of the deliberate structure with well-ordered nanonetwork texture and the toughening of BCP-based modifiers at the molecular level. In addition to the deliberate structural effect from the nanonetwork texture, the BCP modifier composed of epoxy-philic hard segment and epoxy-phobic soft segment led to dispersed soft-segment domains in the nanonetwork-structured epoxy matrix with superior interfacial strength for the enhancement of applied energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail K. Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (S.K.S.); (H.S.); (T.-L.L.)
| | - Hassan Sadek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (S.K.S.); (H.S.); (T.-L.L.)
| | - Tsung-Lun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (S.K.S.); (H.S.); (T.-L.L.)
| | - Cheng-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Shou-Yi Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Hsin-Hsien Tsai
- Kaohsiung Factory R&D Department, Chang Chun Plastics Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81469, Taiwan; (H.-H.T.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Te-Shun Lin
- Kaohsiung Factory R&D Department, Chang Chun Plastics Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81469, Taiwan; (H.-H.T.); (T.-S.L.)
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University Campus, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University Campus, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (S.K.S.); (H.S.); (T.-L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-573-8349; Fax: +886-3-571-5408
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14
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Giammaria TJ, Laus M, Chiarcos R, Ober CK, Seguini G, Perego M. Influence of spin casting solvent on the self‐assembly of silicon‐containing block copolymer thin films via high temperature thermal treatment. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT) Universitá del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’ Alessandria Italy
| | - Riccardo Chiarcos
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT) Universitá del Piemonte Orientale ‘A. Avogadro’ Alessandria Italy
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University New York NY USA
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Liontos G, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Piryazev AA, Bersenev EA, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, and Phase Behavior of Miktoarm Star Copolymers of the ABn and AnB (n = 2 or 3) Sequences, Where A Is Polystyrene and B Is Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Liontos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Bersenev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse─IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Guo QY, Yan XY, Zhang W, Li XH, Xu Y, Dai S, Liu Y, Zhang BX, Feng X, Yin J, Han D, Huang J, Su Z, Liu T, Huang M, Hsu CH, Cheng SZD. Ordered Mesoporous Silica Pyrolyzed from Single-Source Self-Assembled Organic-Inorganic Giant Surfactants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12935-12942. [PMID: 34387467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation of hexagonal mesoporous silica from single-source giant surfactants constructed via dihydroxyl-functionlized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DPOSS) heads and a polystyrene (PS) tail. After thermal annealing, the obtained well-ordered hexagonal hybrid was pyrolyzed to afford well-ordered mesoporous silica. A high porosity (e.g., 581 m2/g) and a uniform and narrow pore size distribution (e.g., 3.3 nm) were achieved. Mesoporous silica in diverse shapes and morphologies were achieved by processing the precursor. When the PS tail length was increased, the pore size expanded accordingly. Moreover, such pyrolyzed, ordered mesoporous silica can help to increase both efficiency and stability of nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xing-Han Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuqi Dai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Bo-Xing Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiafu Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Di Han
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Polymer Science, School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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17
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Goff J, Sulaiman S, Arkles B. Applications of Hybrid Polymers Generated from Living Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization. Molecules 2021; 26:2755. [PMID: 34067106 PMCID: PMC8124341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly precise control of polymer architectures generated by "Living" Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization (Living AROP) is leading to a broad range of commercial advanced material applications, particularly in the area of siloxane macromers. While academic reports on such materials remain sparse, a significant portion of the global population interacts with them on a daily basis-in applications including medical devices, microelectronics, food packaging, synthetic leather, release coatings, and pigment dispersions. The primary driver of this increased utilization of siloxane macromers is their ability to incorporate the properties of silicones into organic structures in a balanced manner. Compared to organic polymers, the differentiating properties of silicones-low Tg, hydrophobicity, low surface energy, and high free molal space-logically lend themselves to applications in which low modulus, release, permeability to oxygen and moisture, and tactile interaction are desired. However, their mechanical, structural and processing properties have until recently precluded practical applications. This review presents applications of "Living" AROP derived polymers from the perspective of historical technology development. Applications in which products are produced on a commercial scale-defined as not only offered for sale, but sold on a recurrent basis-are emphasized. Hybrid polymers with intriguing nanoscale morphology and potential applications in photoresist, microcontact printing, biomimetic soft materials, and liquid crystals are also discussed. Previously unreported work by the authors is provided in the context of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Goff
- Gelest Inc., 11 Steel Road East, Morrisville, PA 19067, USA; (S.S.); (B.A.)
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18
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Siddique SK, Lin TC, Chang CY, Chang YH, Lee CC, Chang SY, Tsai PC, Jeng YR, Thomas EL, Ho RM. Nanonetwork Thermosets from Templated Polymerization for Enhanced Energy Dissipation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3355-3363. [PMID: 33856816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to develop a facile method for the fabrication of mechanical metamaterials from templated polymerization of thermosets including phenolic and epoxy resins using self-assembled block copolymer, polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane with tripod network (gyroid), and tetrapod network (diamond) structures, as templates. Nanoindentation studies on the nanonetwork thermosets fabricated reveal enhanced energy dissipation from intrinsic brittle thermosets due to the deliberate structuring; the calculated energy dissipation for gyroid phenolic resins is 0.23 nJ whereas the one with diamond structure gives a value of 0.33 nJ. Consistently, the gyroid-structured epoxy gives a high energy dissipation value of 0.57 nJ, and the one with diamond structure could reach 0.78 nJ. These enhanced properties are attributed to the isotropic periodicity of the nanonetwork texture with plastic deformation, and the higher number of struts in the tetrapod diamond network in contrast to tripod gyroid, as confirmed by the finite element analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail K Siddique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Chung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yi Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yeau-Ren Jeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Edwin L Thomas
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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19
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Abstract
Periodic gyroid network materials have many interesting properties (band gaps, topologically protected modes, superior charge and mass transport, and outstanding mechanical properties) due to the space-group symmetries and their multichannel triply continuous morphology. The three-dimensional structure of a twin boundary in a self-assembled polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-PDMS) double-gyroid (DG) forming diblock copolymer is directly visualized using dual-beam scanning microscopy. The reconstruction clearly shows that the intermaterial dividing surface (IMDS) is smooth and continuous across the boundary plane as the pairs of chiral PDMS networks suddenly change their handedness. The boundary plane therefore acts as a topological mirror. The morphology of the normally chiral nodes and strut loops within the networks is altered in the twin-boundary plane with the formation of three new types of achiral nodes and the appearance of two new classes of achiral loops. The boundary region shares a very similar surface/volume ratio and distribution of the mean and Gaussian curvatures of the IMDS as the adjacent ordered DG grain regions, suggesting the twin is a low-energy boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Mujin Zhuo
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Edwin L Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840;
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20
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Mesoscale networks and corresponding transitions from self-assembly of block copolymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022275118. [PMID: 33688050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022275118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cubic network phases was obtained from the self-assembly of a single-composition lamellae (L)-forming block copolymer (BCP) polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) through solution casting using a PS-selective solvent. An unusual network phase in diblock copolymers, double-primitive phase (DP) with space group of [Formula: see text], can be observed. With the reduction of solvent evaporation rate for solution casting, a double-diamond phase (DD) with space group of [Formula: see text] can be formed. By taking advantage of thermal annealing, order-order transitions from the DP and DD phases to a double-gyroid phase (DG) with space group of [Formula: see text] can be identified. The order-order transitions from DP (hexapod network) to DD (tetrapod network), and finally to DG (trigonal planar network) are attributed to the reduction of the degree of packing frustration within the junction (node), different from the predicted Bonnet transformation from DD to DG, and finally to DP based on enthalpic consideration only. This discovery suggests a new methodology to acquire various network phases from a simple diblock system by kinetically controlling self-assembling process.
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21
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Lyu X, Tang Z, Li Y, Xiao A, Shen Z, Zheng S, Fan XH. Tailored Polymer Particles with Ordered Network Structures in Emulsion Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:509-515. [PMID: 33347292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural control of block copolymer (BCP) particles, which determines their properties and utilities, is quite important. Understanding the structural relationship between solution-cast samples and polymer particles in a confined space is necessary to precisely regulate the internal structure of polymer particles. Therefore, a facile method by choosing an appropriate selective solvent is reported to prepare spherical polymer particles with ordered network structures. The rod-coil BCP, poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxycarbonyl]styrene} (PDMS-b-PMPCS), was chosen as a model polymer because of its strong phase segregation ability. First, the structures of the BCP with a thermodynamically stable lamellar structure cast from different selective solvents were systematically studied. Then, a polymer particle with the same internal structure as that of the solution-cast sample can be easily prepared by self-assembling in an emulsion confined space. The relatively large particle size is of importance in this process because the large value of the particle size to periodicity ratio can provide a weak confined environment. This method helps us understand the inherent self-assembling mechanism of polymer particles in an emulsion confined space and accurately control the internal structure of the polymer particle obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhehao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Anqi Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shijun Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xing-He Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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22
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Wang G, Garvey CJ, Zhang J, O'Dell LA, Krause-Heuer AM, Forsyth M, Darwish TA, Miloš S, Kong L. Evolution of structural dimensions in mesoporous template precursor from hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:075101. [PMID: 31574494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab49a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Producing nanopores from hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) templates requires not only retaining phase morphology of the templates but also precisely controlling structural dimensions of unit cells. In this study, SAXS and 2H NMR are used to investigate dimensional evolutions of ternary systems consisting of polymerizable species, (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and/or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), in a LLCs template of hexagonally packed cylinders formed from dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and water. With the addition of those polymerizable species, the system rearranges into a new hexagonal system with a smaller aggregation number, smaller pores and a thicker pore wall thickness. The hexagonal system will coexist with an aqueous-rich phase containing isotropically distributed DTAB if sufficient PEGDA is applied but the single hexagonal system could be restored by partially replacing the PEGDA with HEMA. The mobility of DTAB molecules within the aggregates varies depending on monomer compositions. The changes in structural dimensions of the unit cells and phase behaviors after adding polymerizable monomers allow dimensional control of mesochannels and potentially enable the control of selectivity and robustness of polymerized nanomaterials via molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, Locked Bag 20000, VIC 3220, Australia. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám.2, 162062, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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23
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Seeing mesoatomic distortions in soft-matter crystals of a double-gyroid block copolymer. Nature 2019; 575:175-179. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Morimitsu Y, Salatto D, Jiang N, Sen M, Nishitsuji S, Yavitt BM, Endoh MK, Subramanian A, Nam CY, Li R, Fukuto M, Zhang Y, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Tanaka K, Koga T. “Structurally Neutral” Densely Packed Homopolymer-Adsorbed Chains for Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morimitsu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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25
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Lee J, Park J, Jung J, Lee D, Chang T. Phase Behavior of Polystyrene- b-polyisoprene- b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Triblock Terpolymer upon Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Chiu PT, Chien YC, Georgopanos P, Sun YS, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Examination of well ordered nanonetwork materials by real- and reciprocal-space imaging. IUCRJ 2019; 6:259-266. [PMID: 30867923 PMCID: PMC6400199 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518018389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of well ordered nanonetwork materials (in particular gyroid-structured materials) has been investigated using a block-copolymer template for templated electroless plating as an example system for the examination of network formation using X-ray scattering. By taking advantage of the nucleation and growth mechanism of templated electroless plating, gyroid-structured Au was successfully fabricated through the development of Au nanoparticles, then tripods and branched tripods, and finally an ordered network. Each stage in the development of the network phase could then be examined by combining real-space transmission electron microscopy observations with reciprocal-space small-angle X-ray scattering results. The fingerprint scattering profile of the building block for the network (i.e. the tripod of the gyroid) could be well fitted with the form factor of an effective sphere, and the diffraction results from the ordered network could thus be reasonably addressed. As a result, the examination of well ordered network materials can be simplified as the scattering from the form factor of a sphere convoluted with the nodes of its structure factor, providing a facile method of identifying the network phases from X-ray scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300 Zhongda Road, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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28
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Wen T, Wang HF, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Three-dimensional visualization of phase transition in polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane thin film. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Qu T, Guan S, Zhang C, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Chen A. Liquid crystalline moiety-assisted perpendicular orientation of cylindrical domains within P4VP-b-PMA(Az) films with high aspect ratio. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7107-7112. [PMID: 30175354 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) films with perpendicularly aligned cylindrical domains of high aspect ratio have important applications in diverse fields. However, an aspect ratio of the cylinders as high as 200 has rarely been reported so far. Here we demonstrate an efficient route to the formation of normally aligned P4VP cylinders with high aspect ratio surrounded by a matrix of azobenzene-containing block (PMA(Az)) via hierarchical self-assembly. A crisscross structure, consisting of parallelly aligned liquid crystalline (LC) layers and normally aligned self-assembly domains, is expected to assist the formation of well-defined nanostructures. The LC layers in the cylindrical films self-assemble to form smectic phase after solvent annealing, as confirmed by WAXD and UV-vis spectra. We found that the aspect ratio of the vertical P4VP cylinders is up to 200 and the film thickness reaches 6 μm. P4VP is a functional polymer, making this P4VP-b-PMA(Az) film more suitable for advanced filters, multi-nanochannels, nanolithography, and high-density storage media, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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31
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Lundy R, Flynn SP, Cummins C, Kelleher SM, Collins MN, Dalton E, Daniels S, Morris MA, Enright R. Controlled solvent vapor annealing of a high χ block copolymer thin film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2805-2815. [PMID: 28067366 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembling block copolymers (BCPs) have shown promise as a next generation bottom-up lithography technology. However, a critical step in advancing this approach is the elimination of polymer dewetting due to bulk solvent nucleation and thermodynamically driven film rupture that can occur during the solvent vapor annealing process. We report on the pattern formation via phase segregation of spin coated diblock copolymer films through the investigation of annealing parameters in the limit of high solvent vapor saturation conditions that results in wafer-scale patterning without observing polymer dewetting defects. Specifically, the work addresses polymer dewetting in diblock copolymer nanodot templates through the use of a "neutral" functionalization layer and the development of a custom-built solvent vapor annealing chamber to precisely control saturation conditions. Furthermore, the long anneal times (4 h) using a standard static solvent vapor annealing procedure were reduced to ∼15-30 minutes with our dynamic solvent vapor annealing system for the high χ, cylindrical forming poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) [PS-b-P4VP] diblock copolymer system. We discuss the kinetic mechanism governing the phase segregation process that highlights the small processing window bounded by long phase segregation timescales (≳1 min) on one side and the initiation of polymer film dewetting on the other. These results demonstrate a key step towards realizing a high fidelity, low cost BCP patterning technique for large-scale "bottom-up" feature definition at nanometer length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Lundy
- Thermal Management Research Group, Efficient Energy Transfer (ηET) Dept., Bell Labs Ireland, Nokia, Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Rd., Dublin 15, Ireland. and Stokes Laboratories, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shauna P Flynn
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cian Cummins
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan M Kelleher
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Eric Dalton
- Stokes Laboratories, University of Limerick, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Daniels
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Ryan Enright
- Thermal Management Research Group, Efficient Energy Transfer (ηET) Dept., Bell Labs Ireland, Nokia, Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Rd., Dublin 15, Ireland.
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32
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Lin TC, Yang KC, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Gyroid-structured nanoporous polymer monolith from PDMS-containing block copolymers for templated synthesis. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Ryu IH, Kim YJ, Jung YS, Lim JS, Ross CA, Son JG. Interfacial Energy-Controlled Top Coats for Gyroid/Cylinder Phase Transitions of Polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17427-17434. [PMID: 28470057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) with a high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) can form well-defined sub-10 nm periodic structures and can be used as a template for fabrication of various functional nanostructures. However, the large difference of surface energy between the blocks commonly found in high-χ BCPs makes it challenging to stabilize a useful gyroid morphology in thin film form. Here, we used an interfacial-energy-tailored top-coat on a blended film of a polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) BCP and a low-molecular-weight PDMS homopolymer with a hydrophilic end functional group. The top coat consisted of a random mixture of 40% hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate)-random-poly(vinly alcohol) (PVA-r-PVAc, PVA40) and PVAc homopolymer. At the optimized top-coat composition, gyroid nanostructures with sub-10 nm strut width were achieved down to ∼125 nm film thickness, which is only 3 times the lattice parameter of the gyroid structure. This is in marked contrast with a mixed morphology of gyroid and cylinders obtained for other compositions of the top coat. Self-consistent field theoretic simulations were used to understand the effect of the interfacial energy between the top coat and BCP/homopolymer blends on the phase transition behavior of the BCP/homopolymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hyu Ryu
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University , Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong Sung Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University , Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, South Korea
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34
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Georgopanos P, Lo TY, Ho RM, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, molecular characterization and self-assembly of (PS-b-PDMS)n type linear (n = 1, 2) and star (n = 3, 4) block copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined linear (n = 1, 2) and star (n = 3, 4) architecture (PS-b-PDMS)n block copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization in combination with chlorosilane chemistry. The self-assembly is significantly influenced by entropy constraints for the star samples due to overcrowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering
- University of Ioannina
- Ioannina 45110
- Greece
- Institute of Polymer Research
| | - Ting-Ya Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Republic of China
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35
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Hofman AH, ten Brinke G, Loos K. Hierarchical structure formation in supramolecular comb-shaped block copolymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Zhou G, Person V, Khan IM. Hairy Nanoparticles with Hard Polystyrene Cores and Soft Polydimethylsiloxane Shells: One‐Pot Synthesis by Living Anionic Polymerization and Characterization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchang Zhou
- Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials and Department of Chemistry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA 30314 USA
| | - Vernecia Person
- Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials and Department of Chemistry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA 30314 USA
| | - Ishrat M. Khan
- Center for Functional Nanoscale Materials and Department of Chemistry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA 30314 USA
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37
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Hofman AH, Reza M, Ruokolainen J, Ten Brinke G, Loos K. Hierarchical Layer Engineering Using Supramolecular Double-Comb Diblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13081-13085. [PMID: 27633842 PMCID: PMC5113798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of unusual multilayered parallel lamellae-in-lamellae in symmetric supramolecular double-comb diblock copolymers is presented. While keeping the concentration of surfactant fixed, the number of internal layers was found to increase with molecular weight M up to 34 for the largest block copolymer. The number of internal structures n was established to scale as M0.67 and therefore enables easy design of such structures with great precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H Hofman
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Gerrit Ten Brinke
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Hofman AH, Reza M, Ruokolainen J, ten Brinke G, Loos K. Hierarchical Layer Engineering Using Supramolecular Double-Comb Diblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton H. Hofman
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University; P.O. Box 11100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University; P.O. Box 11100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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39
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Synthesis and characterization of poly (ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(dimethyl siloxane)-b-poly(ethyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer: the effect of solvent on morphology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Wu ML, Wang D, Wan LJ. Directed block copolymer self-assembly implemented via surface-embedded electrets. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10752. [PMID: 26876792 PMCID: PMC4756386 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanolithography is widely recognized as a promising complementary approach to circumvent the feature size limits of conventional photolithography. The directed self-assembly of BCP thin film to form ordered nanostructures with controlled orientation and localized pattern has been the key challenge for practical nanolithography applications. Here we show that BCP nanopatterns can be directed on localized surface electrets defined by electron-beam irradiation to realize diverse features in a simple, effective and non-destructive manner. Charged electrets can generate a built-in electric field in BCP thin film and induce the formation of perpendicularly oriented microdomain of BCP film. The electret-directed orientation control of BCP film can be either integrated with mask-based patterning technique or realized by electron-beam direct-writing method to fabricate microscale arbitrary lateral patterns down to single BCP cylinder nanopattern. The electret-directed BCP self-assembly could provide an alternative means for BCP-based nanolithography, with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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41
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Li T, Wang Z, Schulte L, Ndoni S. Substrate tolerant direct block copolymer nanolithography. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:136-140. [PMID: 26606904 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BC) self-assembly constitutes a powerful platform for nanolithography. However, there is a need for a general approach to BC lithography that critically considers all the steps from substrate preparation to the final pattern transfer. We present a procedure that significantly simplifies the main stream BC lithography process, showing a broad substrate tolerance and allowing for efficient pattern transfer over wafer scale. PDMS-rich poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) copolymers are directly applied on substrates including polymers, silicon and graphene. A single oxygen plasma treatment enables formation of the oxidized PDMS hard mask, PS block removal and polymer or graphene substrate patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Schulte
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sokol Ndoni
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. and Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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42
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Voet VSD, Kumar K, Brinke GT, Loos K. Bioinspired Synthesis of Well-Ordered Layered Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrids: Mimicking the Natural Processing of Nacre by Mineralization of Block Copolymer Templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1756-60. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S. D. Voet
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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43
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Lopez-Oliva AP, Warren NJ, Rajkumar A, Mykhaylyk OO, Derry MJ, Doncom KEB, Rymaruk MJ, Armes SP. Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Diblock Copolymer Nano-objects Prepared in Nonpolar Media via RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra P. Lopez-Oliva
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Arthi Rajkumar
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kay E. B. Doncom
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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44
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Hofman AH, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Woortman AJJ, ten Brinke G, Loos K. Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(N-acryloylpiperidine) diblock copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly and interaction. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter confirmed the self-assembly of a series of RAFT-synthesized poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(N-acryloylpiperidine) diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H. Hofman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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45
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Li T, Wang Z, Schulte L, Hansen O, Ndoni S. Fast & scalable pattern transfer via block copolymer nanolithography. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully scalable nanopatterning by direct PS-b-PDMS block copolymer lithography, without substrate pre-modification and without annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
| | - Lars Schulte
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
| | - Ole Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF)
| | - Sokol Ndoni
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
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46
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Wei R, He Y, Wang X. Diblock copolymers composed of a liquid crystalline azo block and a poly(dimethylsiloxane) block: synthesis, morphology and photoresponsive properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Gowd EB, Koga T, Endoh MK, Kumar K, Stamm M. Pathways of cylindrical orientations in PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymer thin films upon solvent vapor annealing. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7753-7761. [PMID: 25142254 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The orientation changes of perpendicular cylindrical microdomains in polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) thin films upon annealing in different solvent vapors were investigated by in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and ex situ scanning force microscopy (SFM). The swelling of P4VP perpendicular cylinders (C⊥) in chloroform, a non-selective solvent vapor, leads to the reorientation to in-plane cylinders through a disordered state in a particular kinetic pathway in the phase diagram upon drying. On the other hand, the swelling of the P4VP perpendicular cylinders in a selective solvent vapor (i.e., 1,4-dioxane) induces a morphological transition from cylindrical to ellipsoidal as a transient structure to spherical microdomains; subsequent solvent evaporation resulted in shrinkage of the matrix in the vertical direction, merging the ellipsoidal domains into the perpendicularly aligned cylinders. In this paper, we have discussed the mechanism based on the selectivity of the solvent to the constituting blocks that is mainly responsible for the orientation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bhoje Gowd
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum-695 019, Kerala, India.
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48
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Hofman AH, Reza M, Ruokolainen J, ten Brinke G, Loos K. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Symmetric Supramolecular Double-Comb Diblock Copolymers: a Comb Density Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501257x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton H. Hofman
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Ferrarese Lupi F, Giammaria TJ, Seguini G, Vita F, Francescangeli O, Sparnacci K, Antonioli D, Gianotti V, Laus M, Perego M. Fine tuning of lithographic masks through thin films of PS-b-PMMA with different molar mass by rapid thermal processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7180-8. [PMID: 24738855 DOI: 10.1021/am5003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of asymmetric polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer based nanoporous thin films over a broad range of molar mass (Mn) between 39 kg·mol(-1) and 205 kg·mol(-1) is obtained by means of a simple thermal treatment. In the case of standard thermal treatments, the self-assembly process of block copolymers is hindered at small Mn by thermodynamic limitations and by a large kinetic barrier at high Mn. We demonstrate that a fine tuning of the annealing parameters, performed by a Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) machine, permits us to overcome those limitations. Cylindrical features are obtained by varying Mn and properly changing the corresponding annealing temperature, while keeping constant the annealing time (900 s), the film thickness (∼30 nm), and the PS fraction (∼0.7). The morphology, the characteristic dimensions (i.e., the pore diameter d and the pore-to-pore distance L0), and the order parameter (i.e., the lattice correlation length ξ) of the samples are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, obtaining values of d ranging between 12 and 30 nm and L0 ranging between 24 and 73 nm. The dependence of L0 as a 0.67 power law of the number of segments places these systems inside the strong segregation limit regime. The experimental results evidence the capability to tailor the self-assembly processes of block copolymers over a wide range of molecular weights by a simple thermal process, fully compatible with the stringent constraints of lithographic applications and industrial manufacturing.
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50
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Singer JP, Gotrik KW, Lee JH, Kooi SE, Ross CA, Thomas EL. Alignment and reordering of a block copolymer by solvent-enhanced thermal laser direct write. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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