1
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Zhao JZ, Yue TJ, Ren BH, Lu XB, Ren WM. Closed-loop recycling of sulfur-rich polymers with tunable properties spanning thermoplastics, elastomers, and vitrimers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3002. [PMID: 38589410 PMCID: PMC11001992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of closed-loop recycling polymers that exhibit excellent performance is of great significance. Sulfur-rich polymers possessing excellent optical, thermal, and mechanical properties are promising candidates for chemical recycling but lack efficient synthetic strategies for achieving diverse structures. Herein, we report a universal synthetic strategy for producing polytrithiocarbonates, a class of sulfur-rich polymers, via the polycondensation of dithiols and dimethyl trithiocarbonate. This strategy has excellent compatibility with a wide range of monomers, including aliphatic, heteroatomic, and aromatic dithiols enabling the synthesis of polytrithiocarbonates with diverse structures. The present synthesis strategy offers a versatile platform for the construction of thermoplastics, elastomers, and vitrimers. Notably, these polytrithiocarbonates can be easily depolymerized via solvolysis into the corresponding monomers, which can be repolymerized to virgin polymers without changing the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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2
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Janani H, Marxsen SF, Eck M, Mecking S, Tashiro K, Alamo RG. Polymorphism and Stretch-Induced Transformations of Sustainable Polyethylene-Like Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2024:201-206. [PMID: 38261790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that polyethylene-like bioderived, biodegradable, and fully recyclable unbranched aliphatic polyesters, such as PE-2,18, develop hexagonal crystal structures upon quenching from the melt to temperatures <∼50 °C and orthorhombic-like packing at higher quenching temperatures or after isothermal crystallization. Both crystal types are layered. While all-trans CH2 packing characterizes the structure of the orthorhombic-like form, there is significant conformational disorder in the staggered long CH2 sequences of the hexagonal crystals. On heating, the hexagonal crystals transform to the orthorhombic type at ∼60 °C via melt recrystallization, but no change is apparent during heating samples with the orthorhombic form up to the melting point (∼95 °C). The hexagonal structure is of interest not only because it develops under very rapid quenching from the melt but also because under uniaxial tensile deformation it undergoes a stretch-induced transformation to the orthorhombic structure. Compared to deformation of orthorhombic specimens that maintain the same crystal type, such transformation results in larger strains and enhanced strain hardening, thus representing a desired toughening mechanism for this type of polyethylene-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Janani
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Stephanie F Marxsen
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Marcel Eck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center, Knowledge Hub Aichi, Minami-Yamaguchi, Seto 489-0965, Japan
| | - Rufina G Alamo
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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3
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Sun C, Ma X, Ni L, Ding M, Xia J, Zheng Y, Yu C, Wang B, Pan P. Hexagonal Phase Formation and Crystalline Structural Transition in Long-Spaced Aliphatic Polyesters with Side Groups. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1324-1330. [PMID: 37713680 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Side substitution is an effective method for the chemical modification and functionalization of linear polyesters. The presence of side groups can have a profound effect on the crystalline structure and phase transition of semicrystalline polyesters. Herein, we synthesized the long-spaced polyesters with -OH and -CH3 side groups and various methylene segment lengths and studied the effects of the side groups on the crystal polymorph and phase transition of substituted polyesters. The substituted polyesters grow in the thermally stable phase (form I) at a higher temperature. However, the polyesters crystallize in a metastable hexagonal phase (form II) with trans chain conformation at a lower temperature. The metastable form II transforms into the more stable form I during long-time annealing or upon heating; this phase transition is accompanied by chain tilting and crystal lamellar thickening. This study has elucidated the critical role of side groups in the polymorphic crystallization and phase transition of linear polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuekuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengru Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
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4
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Marxsen SF, Song D, Zhang X, Flores I, Fernández J, Sarasua JR, Müller AJ, Alamo RG. Crystallization Rate Minima of Poly(ethylene brassylate) at Temperatures Transitioning between Quantized Crystal Thicknesses. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daokun Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández
- POLIMERBIO SL, Paseo Miramón 170, Planta 3, Lab. B05, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ramón Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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5
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Paren BA, Häußler M, Rathenow P, Mecking S, Winey KI. Decoupled Cation Transport within Layered Assemblies in Sulfonated and Crystalline Telechelic Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Rathenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Marxsen SF, Häußler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals III: Polymorphism and Crystallization Kinetics of Even Polyacetals Spaced by 6 to 26 Methylenes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1560. [PMID: 34067999 PMCID: PMC8152236 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we extend the study of polymorphism and crystallization kinetics of aliphatic polyacetals to include shorter (PA-6) and longer (PA-26) methylene lengths in a series of even long-spaced systems. On a deep quenching to 0 °C, the longest even polyacetals, PA-18 and PA-26, develop mesomorphic-like disordered structures which, on heating, transform progressively to hexagonal, Form I, and Form II crystallites. Shorter polyacetals, such as PA-6 and PA-12 cannot bypass the formation of Form I. In these systems a mixture of this form and disordered structures develops even under fast deep quenching. A prediction from melting points that Form II will not develop in polyacetals with eight or fewer methylene groups between consecutive acetals was further corroborated with data for PA-6. The temperature coefficient of the overall crystallization rate of the two highest temperature polymorphs, Form I and Form II, was analyzed from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peak crystallization times. The crystallization rate of Form II shows a deep inversion at temperatures approaching the polymorphic transition region from above. The new data on PA-26 confirm that at the minimum rate the heat of fusion is so low that crystallization becomes basically extinguished. The rate inversion and dramatic drop in the heat of fusion irrespective of crystallization time are associated with a competition in nucleation between Forms I and II. The latter is due to large differences in nucleation barriers between these two phases. As PA-6 does not develop Form II, the rate data of this polyacetal display a continuous temperature gradient. The data of the extended polyacetal series demonstrate the important role of methylene sequence length on polymorphism and crystallization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
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7
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Abstract
Nucleation plays a vital role in polymer crystallization, in which chain connectivity and thus the multiple length and time scales make crystal nucleation of polymer chains an interesting but complex subject. Though the topic has been intensively studied in the past decades, there are still many open questions to answer. The final properties of semicrystalline polymer materials are affected by all of the following: the starting melt, paths of nucleation, organization of lamellar crystals and evolution of the final crystalline structures. In this viewpoint, we attempt to discuss some of the remaining open questions and corresponding concepts: non-equilibrated polymers, self-induced nucleation, microscopic kinetics of different processes, metastability of polymer lamellar crystals, hierarchical order and cooperativity involved in nucleation, etc. Addressing these open questions through a combination of novel concepts, new theories and advanced approaches provides a deeper understanding of the multifaceted process of crystal nucleation of polymers.
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8
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Zhang X, Marxsen SF, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals II: Effect of Polymorphism on Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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9
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Marxsen SF, Häuβler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Isothermal step thickening in a long-spaced aliphatic polyester. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Zuo X, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals I: Melting and Recrystallization of Rapidly Formed Crystallites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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11
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Marxsen SF, Alamo RG. Melt-memory of polyethylenes with halogen substitution: Random vs. precise placement. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Mao D, Cheng Y. Experimental Study on Thermal and UV-enhanced Gas-Solid Chlorination of High-Density Polyethylene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The dynamic process of gas-solid chlorination of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was revealed using a vibrated-bed reactor, where a UV-Vis measurement system was used to record the kinetics of chlorination online. Thermal and UV-enhanced chlorination at fixed temperature below the melting point (Tm) of HDPE were firstly investigated. It was observed that UV irradiation could accelerate the reaction rate. However, all of the prepared chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) products had unchlorinated crystal structures and a limitation of chlorine content. Multi-stage chlorination was hence designed for more homogeneous chlorination and decreasing the residual crystallinity. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed effective decrease of the melting enthalpy (ΔHm) while the final reaction temperature was beyond Tm. Meanwhile, the presence of -CH = CH- bonds in the polymer chain revealed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (S-NMR) indicated that the final reaction temperature should not be higher than 150 °C.
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13
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Structure formation in nanophase-separated systems with lamellar morphology: Comb-like vs. linear precision polymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Kwasny MT, Watkins CM, Posey ND, Matta ME, Tew GN. Functional Polyethylenes with Precisely Placed Thioethers and Sulfoniums through Thiol–Ene Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kwasny
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Carolyn M. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Megan E. Matta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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15
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Wagener KB, Boz E, Alamo RG. Effect of Self-Poisoning on Crystallization Kinetics of Dimorphic Precision Polyethylenes with Bromine. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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17
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Crystallization of polyesters composed of isohexides and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: Effects of isohexide stereoisomerism and dicarboxylic acid chain length. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Zhang X, Santonja-Blasco L, Wagener KB, Boz E, Tasaki M, Tashiro K, Alamo RG. Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction Characterization of Dimorphic Crystalline Structures of Polyethylenes with Halogens Placed at Equal Distance along the Backbone. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10166-10179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Laura Santonja-Blasco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Masafumi Tasaki
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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19
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Reimann S, Danke V, Beiner M, Binder WH. Synthesis of supramolecular precision polymers: Crystallization under conformational constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reimann
- Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Varun Danke
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Mario Beiner
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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20
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Abstract
In this review we summarize recent efforts in understanding nano-aggregation in acid- and ion-containing polymer systems. The acid and ionic groups have specific interactions that drive aggregation and alter polymer behavior at the nano-, micro-, and bulk length scales. Advancements in synthetic methods, characterization techniques, and computer simulations have enabled researchers to better understand the morphologies and dynamics, particularly at the nanoscale. This overview of recent advancements in nano-aggregated polymer systems highlights the current understanding of the field and presents promising directions for future investigations and new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Robert Middleton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
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21
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Strength of Alkane–Fluid Attraction Determines the Interfacial Orientation of Liquid Alkanes and Their Crystallization through Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mechanisms. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Trigg EB, Stevens MJ, Winey KI. Chain Folding Produces a Multilayered Morphology in a Precise Polymer: Simulations and Experiments. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3747-3755. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Trigg
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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23
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Freudenberg J, Poppe S, Binder WH. Precision polymers containing main-chain-amino acids: ADMET polymerization and crystallization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New PE-type precision oligomers displaying different amino acids (chiral/achiral, polar/non-polar) placed at every 19th carbon atom are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freudenberg
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II
- Chair of Organic Chemistry
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Faculty of Natural Sciences II
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- D-06120 Halle
- Germany
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24
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Song SF, Guo YT, Wang RY, Fu ZS, Xu JT, Fan ZQ. Synthesis and Crystallization Behavior of Equisequential ADMET Polyethylene Containing Arylene Ether Defects: Remarkable Effects of Substitution Position and Arylene Size. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fei Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yin-Tian Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui-Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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25
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Epitaxial crystallization of precisely chlorine-substituted polyethylene induced by carbon nanotube and graphene. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Neary WJ, Kennemur JG. A Precision Ethylene-Styrene Copolymer with High Styrene Content from Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 4-Phenylcyclopentene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:975-9. [PMID: 27120434 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 4-phenylcyclopentene is investigated for the first time under various conditions. Thermodynamic analysis reveals a polymerization enthalpy and entropy sufficient for high molar mass and conversions at lower temperatures. In one example, neat polymerization using Hoveyda-Grubbs second generation catalyst at -15 °C yields 81% conversion to poly(4-phenylcyclopentene) (P4PCP) with a number average molar mass of 151 kg mol(-1) and dispersity of 1.77. Quantitative homogeneous hydrogenation of P4PCP results in a precision ethylene-styrene copolymer (H2 -P4PCP) with a phenyl branch at every fifth carbon along the backbone. This equates to a perfectly alternating trimethylene-styrene sequence with 71.2% w/w styrene content that is inaccessible through molecular catalyst copolymerization strategies. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms P4PCP and H2 -P4PCP are amorphous materials with similar glass transition temperatures (Tg ) of 17 ± 2 °C. Both materials present well-defined styrenic analogs for application in specialty materials or composites where lower softening temperatures may be desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, DLC 118, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, DLC 118, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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27
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Choi UH, Middleton LR, Soccio M, Buitrago CF, Aitken BS, Masser H, Wagener KB, Winey KI, Runt J. Dynamics of Precise Ethylene Ionomers Containing Ionic Liquid Functionality. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Hyeok Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Functional
Composites Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 642-831, Korea
| | | | - Michelina Soccio
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | - Brian S. Aitken
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hanqing Masser
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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28
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Santonja-Blasco L, Zhang X, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Precision Ethylene Copolymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION I 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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29
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Concomitant Crystallization and Cross-Nucleation in Polymorphic Polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION II 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Tasaki M, Yamamoto H, Hanesaka M, Tashiro K, Boz E, Wagener KB, Ruiz-Orta C, Alamo RG. Polymorphism and Phase Transitions of Precisely Halogen-Substituted Polyethylene. (1) Crystal Structures of Various Crystalline Modifications of Bromine-Substituted Polyethylene on Every 21st Backbone Carbon. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5009622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tasaki
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Hanesaka
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Carolina Ruiz-Orta
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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31
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Reimann S, Baumeister U, Binder WH. Synthesis and Crystallization of Precision Polymers with Repetitive Folding Elements. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reimann
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II; Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie; Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II; Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
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32
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Van Zee NJ, Coates GW. Alternating copolymerization of dihydrocoumarin and epoxides catalyzed by chromium salen complexes: a new route to functional polyesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6322-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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TASHIRO K, HANESAKA M, YAMAMOTO H, WASANASUK K, JAYARATRI P, YOSHIZAWA Y, TANAKA I, NIIMURA N, KUSAKA K, HOSOYA T, OHHARA T, KURIHARA K, KUROKI R, TAMADA T, FUJIWARA S, KATSUBE K, MORIKAWA K, KOMIYA Y, KITANO T, NISHU T, OZEKI T. Accurate Structure Analyses of Polymer Crystals on the Basis of Wide-Angle X-ray and Neutron Diffractions. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2014. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.71.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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