1
|
He Z, Han X, Xie H, Yan Z, Guo B, Yao Y. Miniemulsion polymerization-formulated poly(fluorene-alt-6-(2-ethylhexyl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-f]benzotriazole) for cancer cell imaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
2
|
Kolaczkowski MA, Garzón-Ruiz A, Patel A, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Navarro A, Liu Y. Design and Synthesis of Annulated Benzothiadiazoles via Dithiolate Formation for Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53328-53341. [PMID: 33170629 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) is a widely used electron acceptor unit for functional organic semiconductors. Difluorination or annulation on the 5,6-position of the benzene ring is among the most adapted chemical modifications to tune the electronic properties, though each sees its own limitations in regulating the frontier orbital levels. Herein, a hitherto unreported 5,6-annulated BTD acceptor, denoted as ssBTD, is designed and synthesized by incorporating an electron-withdrawing 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malononitrile moiety via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the 5,6-difluoroBTD (ffBTD) precursor. Unlike the other reported BTD annulation strategies, this modification leads to the simultaneous decrease in both frontier orbital energies, a welcoming feature for photovoltaic applications. Incorporation of ssBTD into conjugated polymers results in materials boasting broad light absorption, dramatic solvatochromic and thermochromic responses (>100 nm shift and a band gap difference of ∼0.28 eV), and improved crystallinity in the solid state. Such physical properties are in accordance with the combined electron-withdrawing effect and significantly increased polarity associated with the ssBTD unit, as revealed by detailed theoretical studies. Furthermore, the thiolated ssBTD imbues the polymer with ambipolar charge transport property, in contrast to the ffBTD-based polymer, which transports holes only. While the low mobilities (10-4 to 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1) could be further optimized, detailed studies validate that the thioannulated BTD is a versatile electron-accepting unit for the design of functional stimuli-responsive optoelectronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cronista Francisco Ballesteros Gómez, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Akash Patel
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Appalanaidu E, Vidya V, Busireddy MR, Vaidya JR, Chetti P. Effect of fluorine on optoelectronic properties in DI-A-DII-A-DI type organic molecules: A combined experimental and DFT study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Yu CY, Hsu CC, Weng HC. Synthesis, characterization, aggregation-induced emission, solvatochromism and mechanochromism of fluorinated benzothiadiazole bonded to tetraphenylethenes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12619-12627. [PMID: 35541279 PMCID: PMC9079628 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds consisting of unsubstituted, monofluoro and difluoro substituted benzothiadiazole bonded to two tetraphenylethenes were successfully prepared by palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of their corresponding co-monomers. All compounds exhibited aggregation-induced emission characteristics when the water fraction was higher than 60% in the THF/water mixtures. The emission maximum for the three compounds was blue-shifted when the water content reached 90% compared to that in THF solution. The intensity of emission maximum of difluorinated benzothiadiazole linked with two tetraphenylethenes was 2.5 times higher in 90% water compared to those in THF solution. Surprisingly, two liquid crystal phases with two distinct emission colors were observed only for the compound containing difluorinated benzothiadiazole bonded to two tetraphenylethene. All compounds showed remarkable solvatochromic properties in selected solvents with different polarities. The powder XRD results and mechanochromism of the compounds suggested that the solid state structures can change from one form to another by grinding, fuming or annealing processes. Fluorinated benzothiadiazole bonded to two tetraphenylethenes were synthesized. The compounds exhibited remarkable aggregation-induced emission, solvatochromism and mechanochromism.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yang Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chen Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi S, Wang H, Chen P, Uddin MA, Wang Y, Tang Y, Guo H, Cheng X, Zhang S, Woo HY, Guo X. Cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazole-based polymer semiconductors for balanced ambipolar organic thin-film transistors. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazoles were copolymerized with bithiophene, and the polymers show well balanced ambipolarity in transistors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu G, Weng C, Yin P, Tan S, Shen P. Impact of the number of fluorine atoms on crystalline, physicochemical and photovoltaic properties of low bandgap copolymers based on 1,4-dithienylphenylene and diketopyrrolopyrrole. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Holliday S, Li Y, Luscombe CK. Recent advances in high performance donor-acceptor polymers for organic photovoltaics. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Tong J, Li J, Zhang P, Ma X, Wang M, An L, Sun J, Guo P, Yang C, Xia Y. Naphtho[1,2- c :5,6- c ′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-based conjugated polymers consisting of oligothiophenes for efficient polymer solar cells. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Efrem A, Wang K, Jia T, Wang M. Direct arylation polymerization toward a narrow bandgap donor-acceptor conjugated polymer of alternating 5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and alkyl-quarternarythiophene: From synthesis, optoelectronic properties to devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Efrem
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | - Tao Jia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Optimal extent of fluorination enabling strong temperature-dependent aggregation, favorable blend morphology and high-efficiency polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Guo P, Sun J, Sun S, Li J, Tong J, Zhao C, Zhu L, Zhang P, Yang C, Xia Y. Effect of alkylthiophene spacers and fluorine on the optoelectronic properties of 5,10-bis(dialkylthien-2-yl)dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole derivative copolymers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of inclusion of alkylthiophene and fluorine on the optoelectronic properties of copolymers from dithienobenzodithiophene and benzothiadiazole derivatives is systematically investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Guo
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jingbiao Sun
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Shuo Sun
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200083
- China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Liangjian Zhu
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alqurashy BA, Cartwright L, Iraqi A, Zhang Y, Lidzey DG. Pyrene-benzothiadiazole-based copolymers for application in photovoltaic devices. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Cartwright
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7RH UK
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7RH UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deng P, Wu B, Lei Y, Cao H, Ong BS. Regioregular and Random Difluorobenzothiadiazole Electron Donor–Acceptor Polymer Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors and Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- Research
Centre of Excellence, Institute of Creativity and Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Research
Centre of Excellence, Institute of Creativity and Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yanlian Lei
- Research
Centre of Excellence, Institute of Creativity and Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Huanyang Cao
- Research
Centre of Excellence, Institute of Creativity and Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Beng S. Ong
- Research
Centre of Excellence, Institute of Creativity and Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang H, Li Q, Qiu M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Liu S, Fu N, Zhao B, Yang R, Huang W. D–A conjugated polymers based on thieno[3,2-b]indole (TI) and 2,1,3-benzodiathiazole (BT) derivatives: synthesis, characterization and side-chain influence on photovoltaic properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thieno[3,2-b]indole (TI) derivatives were developed via Cadogan annulation for constructing D–A copolymers. Their performance in photovoltaic cells were finely tuned by side-chain engineering.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang S, Yang B, Liu D, Zhang H, Zhao W, Wang Q, He C, Hou J. Correlations among Chemical Structure, Backbone Conformation, and Morphology in Two Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymer Materials. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Delong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- School
of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu H, Jiang K, Yang G, Liu J, Li Z, Lin H, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Huang F, Qu Y, Ma W, Yan H. Terthiophene-based D-A polymer with an asymmetric arrangement of alkyl chains that enables efficient polymer solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14149-57. [PMID: 26515301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of difluorobenzothiadizole (ffBT) and oligothiophene-based polymers with the oligothiophene unit being quaterthiophene (T4), terthiophene (T3), and bithiophene (T2). We demonstrate that a polymer based on ffBT and T3 with an asymmetric arrangement of alkyl chains enables the fabrication of 10.7% efficiency thick-film polymer solar cells (PSCs) without using any processing additives. By decreasing the number of thiophene rings per repeating unit and thus increasing the effective density of the ffBT unit in the polymer backbone, the HOMO and LUMO levels of the T3 polymers are significantly deeper than those of the T4 polymers, and the absorption onset of the T3 polymers is also slightly red-shifted. For the three T3 polymers obtained, the positions and size of the alkyl chains play a critical role in achieving the best PSC performances. The T3 polymer with a commonly known arrangement of alkyl chains (alkyl chains sitting on the first and third thiophenes in a mirror symmetric manner) yields poor morphology and PSC efficiencies. Surprisingly, a T3 polymer with an asymmetric arrangement of alkyl chains (which is later described as having an "asymmetric bi-repeating unit") enables the best-performing PSCs. Morphological studies show that the optimized ffBT-T3 polymer forms a polymer:fullerene morphology that differs significantly from that obtained with T4-based polymers. The morphological changes include a reduced domain size and a reduced extent of polymer crystallinity. The change from T4 to T3 comonomer units and the novel arrangement of alkyl chains in our study provide an important tool to tune the energy levels and morphological properties of donor polymers, which has an overall beneficial effect and leads to enhanced PSC performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guofang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Lu J, Yao Y, Shenai PM, Chen L, Zhao Y. Elucidating the enhancement in optical properties of low band gap polymers by tuning the structure of alkyl side chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9541-51. [PMID: 25767832 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05657d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We carry out a computational study of optical properties of two novel 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]-thiadiazole-based polymers, PFBT-T20TT and PFBT-T12TT, to elucidate the surprisingly superior performance of polymer solar cells based on the former, when it differs from the latter only in the alkyl side chains. Density Functional Theory (DFT) based geometry optimization at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level reveals differences in internal coordinates, which are important in tuning the electronic and optical properties. We further calculate the electronic structure at room temperature by employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with DFT techniques. The energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) are found to be in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data and the HOMO-lowest unoccupied MO energy gap is found to be similar for both the molecules. The electronic density of the HOMO in PFBT-T20TT is, however, found to be significantly more delocalized along the backbone, which is proposed to be conducive for the formation of charge separated states leading to an improved device performance. Furthermore, via fitting the absorption spectra calculated with the multi-mode Brownian Oscillator model, we have also extracted a weaker exciton-phonon coupling parameter in PFBT-T20TT, consistent with the trends revealed via the DFT-MD results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shin J, Park GE, Lee DH, Um HA, Lee TW, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Bis(thienothiophenyl) diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers with various branched alkyl side chains and their applications in thin-film transistors and polymer solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3280-3288. [PMID: 25590328 DOI: 10.1021/am508026s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New thienothiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiophene-containing π-extended conjugated polymers with various branched alkyl side-chains were successfully synthesized. 2-Octyldodecyl, 2-decyltetradecyl, 2-tetradecylhexadecyl, 2-hexadecyloctadecyl, and 2-octadecyldocosyl groups were selected as the side-chain moieties and were anchored to the N-positions of the thienothiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole unit. All five polymers were found to be soluble owing to the bulkiness of the side chains. The thin-film transistor based on the 2-tetradecylhexadecyl-substituted polymer showed the highest hole mobility of 1.92 cm2 V(-1) s(-1) due to it having the smallest π-π stacking distance between the polymer chains, which was determined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells incorporating [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the n-type molecule and the additive 1,8-diiodooctane (1 vol %) were also constructed from the synthesized polymers without thermal annealing; the device containing the 2-octyldodecyl-substituted polymer exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 5.8%. Although all the polymers showed similar physical properties, their device performance was clearly influenced by the sizes of the branched alkyl side-chain groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University , 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi Z, Neo WT, Lin TT, Zhou H, Xu J. Solution-processable low-bandgap 3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-based conjugated polymers for electrochromic applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-based conjugated polymers were synthesized and their electrochromic devices displayed good optical contrasts, good coloration efficiencies and reasonable redox stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Shi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Wei Teng Neo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering
| | - Ting Ting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li H, Zheng X, Wang X, Liu F, Fu H. Effect of chain curvature on the performance of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two polymer semiconductors with different degrees of chain curvature are designed and synthesized. The curved polymer blended with PC71BM exhibits a higher PCE of 5.3% than that of a linear polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Fangbin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi Z, Hoi Ka IW, Wang X, Vijila C, Wang F, Li G, Tjiu WW, Li J, Xu J. Low band-gap weak donor–strong acceptor conjugated polymer for organic solar cell. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an additional weak acceptor, the low band-gap donor–acceptor conjugated polymer displayed a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 5.36%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Shi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Ivy Wong Hoi Ka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Chellappan Vijila
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A* STAR)
- Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi Y, Tan L, Chen L, Chen Y. Alternative alcohol-soluble conjugated small molecule electrolytes for high-efficiency inverted polymer solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3637-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-soluble small molecule conjugated electrolytes are utilized as both hole and electron transport interlayers simultaneously in inverted polymer solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Licheng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry
| | - Lie Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry
| | - Yiwang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Polymers
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aggregation and morphology control enables multiple cases of high-efficiency polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5293. [PMID: 25382026 PMCID: PMC4242436 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1235] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the field of polymer solar cell has seen much progress in device performance in the past few years, several limitations are holding back its further development. For instance, current high-efficiency (>9.0%) cells are restricted to material combinations that are based on limited donor polymers and only one specific fullerene acceptor. Here we report the achievement of high-performance (efficiencies up to 10.8%, fill factors up to 77%) thick-film polymer solar cells for multiple polymer:fullerene combinations via the formation of a near-ideal polymer:fullerene morphology that contains highly crystalline yet reasonably small polymer domains. This morphology is controlled by the temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of the donor polymers and is insensitive to the choice of fullerenes. The uncovered aggregation and design rules yield three high-efficiency (>10%) donor polymers and will allow further synthetic advances and matching of both the polymer and fullerene materials, potentially leading to significantly improved performance and increased design flexibility. Polymer solar cells promise a cost-effective way to harness solar energy, but cell performance is held back by limited choices of suitable materials. Here, Liu et al. demonstrate record cell efficiencies for multiple material combinations via a new approach of aggregation and morphology control.
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao Z, Subbiah J, Sun K, Jones DJ, Holmes AB, Wong WWH. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene copolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new thienothiophene–benzodithiophene electron donor building block was synthesized and incorporated into 2-dimensional conjugated donor–acceptor polymers. The polymers were fully characterised and tested in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Xiao
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Kuan Sun
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| | - Wallace W. H. Wong
- School of Chemistry
- Bio21 Institute
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|