1
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Schwaderer J, Drache M, Beuermann S. Temperature Dependence of the Number of Defect-Structures in Poly(vinylidene fluoride). Molecules 2024; 29:1551. [PMID: 38611830 PMCID: PMC11013231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is predominantly characterized by alternating CH2 and CF2 units in a polymer backbone, originating from the head-to-tail addition of monomers or regular propagation. Due, to a small extent, to inverse monomer addition, so-called defect structures occur which influence the macroscopic properties of PVDF significantly. The amount of defect structures in the material is determined by the polymerization conditions. Here, the temperature dependence of the fraction of defect structures in PVDF obtained from polymerizations between 45 and 90 °C is reported. We utilized 19F-NMR spectroscopy to determine the fraction of defect structures as a function of temperature. To derive kinetic data, the polymerization of VDF is considered a quasi-copolymerization described by the Terminal Model involving four different propagation reactions. Based on the experimentally determined temperature-dependent fractions of defect structures, the known overall propagation rate coefficient, and taking into account the self-healing behavior of the macroradical, the Arrhenius parameters of the individual propagation rate coefficients were determined using the Monte Carlo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (J.S.); (M.D.)
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2
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Inducing β phase crystallinity of PVDF homopolymer, blends and block copolymers by anti-solvent crystallization. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Li RQ, Wang MX, Zhang QY, Chen JG, Wang K, Zhang XY, Shen S, Liu ZT, Liu ZW, Jiang J. Insight into the Intermolecular Interaction and Free Radical Polymerizability of Methacrylates in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E78. [PMID: 31906565 PMCID: PMC7023658 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure in situ Fourier transfer infrared/near infrared technology (HP FTIR/NIR) along with theoretical calculation of density functional theory (DFT) method was employed. The solvation behaviors and the free radical homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylate acid (MAA), trifluoromethyl methacrylate (MTFMA) and trifluoromethyl methacrylate acid (TFMAA) in scCO2 were systematically investigated. Interestingly, the previously proposed mechanism of intermolecular-interaction dynamically-induced solvation effect (IDISE) of monomer in scCO2 is expected to be well verified/corroborated in view that the predicted solubility order of the monomers in scCO2 via DFT calculation is ideally consistent with that observed via HP FTIR/NIR. It is shown that MMA and MAA can be easily polymerized, while the free radical polymerizability of MTFMA is considerably poor and TFMAA cannot be polymerized via the free radical initiators. The α trifluoromethyl group (-CF3) may effectively enhance the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and restrain the diffusion of the monomer in scCO2. More importantly, the strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect of -CF3 to C=C may distinctly decrease the atomic charge of the carbon atom in the methylene (=CH2). These two factors are believed to be predominantly responsible for the significant decline of the free radical polymerizability of MTFMA and the other alkyl 2-trifluoromethacrylates in scCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Kuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Shukun Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
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4
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Büren B, Brandl F, Beuermann S. Propagation Kinetics of Isoprene Radical Homopolymerization Derived from Pulsed Laser Initiated Polymerizations. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Büren
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Technical Chemistry Arnold‐Sommerfeld‐Straße 4 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Florian Brandl
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Technical Chemistry Arnold‐Sommerfeld‐Straße 4 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Technical Chemistry Arnold‐Sommerfeld‐Straße 4 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
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5
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Golzari N, Adams J, Beuermann S. Inducing β Phase Crystallinity in Block Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride with Methyl Methacrylate or Styrene. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 30970986 PMCID: PMC6418974 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with either styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized and analyzed with respect to the type of the crystalline phase occurring. PVDF with iodine end groups (PVDF-I) was prepared by iodine transfer polymerization either in solution with supercritical CO₂ or in emulsion. To activate all iodine end groups Mn₂(CO)10 is employed. Upon UV irradiation Mn(CO)₅ radicals are obtained, which abstract iodine from PVDF-I generating PVDF radicals. Subsequent polymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) yields block copolymers. Size exclusion chromatography and NMR results prove that the entire PVDF-I is converted. XRD, FT-IR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses allow for the identification of crystal phase transformation. It is clearly shown that the original α crystalline phase of PVDF-I is changed to the β crystalline phase in case of the block copolymers. For ratios of the VDF block length to the MMA block length ranging from 1.4 to 5 only β phase material was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Golzari
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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6
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Banerjee S, Patil Y, Ono T, Ameduri B. Synthesis of ω-Iodo and Telechelic Diiodo Vinylidene Fluoride-Based (Co)polymers by Iodine Transfer Polymerization Initiated by an Innovative Persistent Radical. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Banerjee
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
| | - Yogesh Patil
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
| | - Taizo Ono
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, 2266-98, Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Institut Charles Gerhardt,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
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7
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Guerre M, Rahaman SMW, Améduri B, Poli R, Ladmiral V. Limits of Vinylidene Fluoride RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Guerre
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
| | - S. M. Wahidur Rahaman
- CNRS,
LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS,
LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
- Institut
Universitaire
de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires,
UMR 5253 CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, UM, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France
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8
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Asandei AD. Photomediated Controlled Radical Polymerization and Block Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2244-74. [PMID: 26760676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on novel photochemical methods for the initiation and control of the polymerization of main chain fluorinated monomers as exemplified by vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and for the synthesis of their block copolymers. Such reactions can be carried out at ambient temperature in glass tubes using visible light. Novel, original protocols include the use of hypervalent iodide carboxylates alone or in conjunction with molecular iodine, as well as the use of photoactive transition metal carbonyls in the presence of alkyl, fluoroalkyl, and perfluoroalkyl halides. An in-depth study of the reaction parameters highlights the use of dimethyl carbonate as a preferred polymerization solvent and outlines the structure-property relationship for hypervalent iodide carboxylates and halide initiators in both the free radical and iodine degenerative transfer controlled radical polymerization (IDT-CRP) of VDF. Finally, the rational selection of metal carbonyls that are successful not only as IDT mediators but, more importantly, in the quantitative activation of both PVDF-CH2-CF2-I and PVDF-CF2-CH2-I chain ends toward the synthesis of well-defined PVDF block copolymers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru D Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut , 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139, United States
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9
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Simpson CP, Adebolu OI, Kim JS, Vasu V, Asandei AD. Metal and Ligand Effects of Photoactive Transition Metal Carbonyls in the Iodine Degenerative Transfer Controlled Radical Polymerization and Block Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Simpson
- University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, United States
| | - Olumide I. Adebolu
- University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, United States
| | - Joon-Sung Kim
- University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, United States
| | - Vignesh Vasu
- University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, United States
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- University of Connecticut Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06069-3136, United States
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10
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Simpson CP, Adebolu OI, Kim JS, Vasu V, Asandei AD. Photochemically Enabled Iodine Degenerative Transfer Controlled Radical Homo- and Block Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride at Ambient Temperatures with Mn2(CO)10 and Visible Light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1187.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Simpson
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Olumide I. Adebolu
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Joon-Sung Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Vignesh Vasu
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3139
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11
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Monyatsi O, Nikitin AN, Hutchinson RA. Effect of Head-To-Head Addition on Vinyl Acetate Propagation Kinetics in Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Otlaatla Monyatsi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anatoly N. Nikitin
- Institute on Laser
and Information Technologies, Svyatoozerskaya
1, Shatura, Moscow Region 140700, Russia
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Siegmann R, Drache M, Beuermann S. Detailed copolymerization propagation kinetics of homogeneous phase VDF–HFP copolymerization in supercritical CO2. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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