1
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Dykeman-Bermingham PA, Bogen MP, Chittari SS, Grizzard SF, Knight AS. Tailoring Hierarchical Structure and Rare Earth Affinity of Compositionally Identical Polymers via Sequence Control. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8607-8617. [PMID: 38470430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecule sequence, structure, and function are inherently intertwined. While well-established relationships exist in proteins, they are more challenging to define for synthetic polymer nanoparticles due to their molecular weight, sequence, and conformational dispersities. To explore the impact of sequence on nanoparticle structure, we synthesized a set of 16 compositionally identical, sequence-controlled polymers with distinct monomer patterning of dimethyl acrylamide and a bioinspired, structure-driving di(phenylalanine) acrylamide (FF). Sequence control was achieved through multiblock polymerizations, yielding unique ensembles of polymer sequences which were simulated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Systematic analysis of the global (tertiary- and quaternary-like) structure in this amphiphilic copolymer series revealed the effect of multiple sequence descriptors: the number of domains, the hydropathy of terminal domains, and the patchiness (density) of FF within a domain, each of which impacted both chain collapse and the distribution of single- and multichain assemblies. Furthermore, both the conformational freedom of chain segments and local-scale, β-sheet-like interactions were sensitive to the patchiness of FF. To connect sequence, structure, and target function, we evaluated an additional series of nine sequence-controlled copolymers as sequestrants for rare earth elements (REEs) by incorporating a functional acrylic acid monomer into select polymer scaffolds. We identified key sequence variables that influence the binding affinity, capacity, and selectivity of the polymers for REEs. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of and boundaries of sequence control via multiblock polymerizations to drive primary sequence ensembles hierarchical structures, and ultimately the functionality of compositionally identical polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Dykeman-Bermingham
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew P Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Savannah F Grizzard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Deane O, Mandrelier P, Musa OM, Jamali M, Fielding LA, Armes SP. Synthesis and Characterization of All-Acrylic Tetrablock Copolymer Nanoparticles: Waterborne Thermoplastic Elastomers via One-Pot RAFT Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:2061-2075. [PMID: 38435050 PMCID: PMC10902817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerization is used to prepare well-defined ABCB tetrablock copolymer nanoparticles via sequential monomer addition at 30 °C. The A block comprises water-soluble poly(2-(N-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) (PNAEP), while the B and C blocks comprise poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA), respectively. High conversions are achieved at each stage, and the final sterically stabilized spherical nanoparticles can be obtained at 20% w/w solids at pH 3 and at up to 40% w/w solids at pH 7. A relatively long PnBA block is targeted to ensure that the final tetrablock copolymer nanoparticles form highly transparent films on drying such aqueous dispersions at ambient temperature. The kinetics of polymerization and particle growth are studied using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, while gel permeation chromatography analysis confirmed a high blocking efficiency for each stage of the polymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering studies confirm microphase separation between the hard PtBA and soft PnBA blocks, and preliminary mechanical property measurements indicate that such tetrablock copolymer films exhibit promising thermoplastic elastomeric behavior. Finally, it is emphasized that targeting an overall degree of polymerization of more than 1000 for such tetrablock copolymers mitigates the cost, color, and malodor conferred by the RAFT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
J. Deane
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Pierre Mandrelier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland
Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Mohammed Jamali
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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3
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Leer K, Reichel LS, Wilhelmi M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tailoring Gene Transfer Efficacy through the Arrangement of Cationic and Anionic Blocks in Triblock Copolymer Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2024:158-165. [PMID: 38230657 PMCID: PMC10883036 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The arrangement of charged segments in triblock copolymer micelles affects the gene delivery potential of polymeric micelles and can increase the level of gene expression when an anionic segment is incorporated in the outer shell. Triblock copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerzation with narrow molar mass distributions and assembled into micelles with a hydrophobic core from poly(n-butyl acrylate). The ionic shell contained either (i) an anionic segment followed by a cationic segment (HAC micelles) or (ii) a cationic block followed by an anionic block (HCA micelles). The pH-responsive anionic block contained 2-carboxyethyl acrylamide (CEAm), while the cationic block comprised 3-guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm). Increasing the molar content of CEAm in HAC and HCA micelles from 6 to 13 mol % improved cytocompatibility and the endosomal escape property, while the HCA micelle with the highest mol % of anionic charges in the outer shell exhibited the highest gene expression. It became evident that improved membrane interaction of the best performing HCA micelle contributed to achieving high gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mara Wilhelmi
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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4
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Lim J, Matsuoka H, Kinoshita Y, Yusa SI, Saruwatari Y. The Effect of Block Ratio and Structure on the Thermosensitivity of Double and Triple Betaine Block Copolymers. Molecules 2024; 29:390. [PMID: 38257304 PMCID: PMC10820771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AB-type and BAB-type betaine block copolymers composed of a carboxybetaine methacrylate and a sulfobetaine methacrylate, PGLBT-b-PSPE and PSPE-b-PGLBT-b-PSPE, respectively, were synthesized by one-pot RAFT polymerization. By optimizing the concentration of the monomer, initiator, and chain transfer agent, block extension with precise ratio control was enabled and a full conversion (~99%) of betaine monomers was achieved at each step. Two sets (total degree of polymerization: ~300 and ~600) of diblock copolymers having four different PGLBT:PSPE ratios were prepared to compare the influence of block ratio and molecular weight on the temperature-responsive behavior in aqueous solution. A turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering study revealed a shift to higher temperatures of the cloud point and micelle formation by increasing the ratio of PSPE, which exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior. PSPE-dominant diblocks created spherical micelles stabilized by PGLBT motifs, and the transition behavior diminished by decreasing the PSPE ratio. No particular change was found in the diblocks that had an identical AB ratio. This trend reappeared in the other set whose entire molecular weight approximately doubled, and each transition point was not recognizably impacted by the total molecular weight. For triblocks, the PSPE double ends provided a higher probability of interchain attractions and resulted in a more turbid solution at higher temperatures, compared to the diblocks which had similar block ratios and molecular weights. The intermediates assumed as network-like soft aggregates eventually rearranged to monodisperse flowerlike micelles. It is expected that the method for obtaining well-defined betaine block copolymers, as well as the relationship of the block ratio and the chain conformation to the temperature-responsive behavior, will be helpful for designing betaine-based polymeric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan;
| | - Hideki Matsuoka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.-i.Y.)
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.-i.Y.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
- Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Ltd., 7-20 Azuchi-machi, 1chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan;
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5
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Hwang C, Shin S, Ahn D, Paik HJ, Lee W, Yu Y. Realizing Cross-linking-free Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives with Intensive Chain Entanglement through Visible-Light-Mediated Photoiniferter-Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58905-58916. [PMID: 38062761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and simplified synthesis scheme for intensively entangled acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was developed in this study by leveraging visible-light-driven controlled radical polymerization (photoiniferter/reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization) of acrylic copolymers under a controlled manner; the approach was differentiated by a single factor; molecular weight (Mw up to 2.8 MDa) with identical compositions. By manipulating Mw up to ultra-high ranges, PSAs with diversified viscoelastic properties were prepared and then assessed with a focus on realizing PSAs with a maximized degree of entanglement per chain through domination of high Mw contents, to help achieve excellent cohesiveness without a reinforcing cross-linking network. Moreover, fully linear solvent-soluble poly(acrylate)s were synthesized to facilitate reprocessing and reuse, highlighting the sustainability of the devised method and, consequently, its potential to be applied for effectively reducing industrial or daily waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwon Hwang
- Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Shin
- Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Ahn
- Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchang Yu
- Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
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6
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Jafari VF, Mossayebi Z, Allison-Logan S, Shabani S, Qiao GG. The Power of Automation in Polymer Chemistry: Precision Synthesis of Multiblock Copolymers with Block Sequence Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301767. [PMID: 37401148 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Machines can revolutionize the field of chemistry and material science, driving the development of new chemistries, increasing productivity, and facilitating reaction scale up. The incorporation of automated systems in the field of polymer chemistry has however proven challenging owing to the demanding reaction conditions, rendering the automation setup complex and costly. There is an imminent need for an automation platform which uses fast and simple polymerization protocols, while providing a high level of control on the structure of macromolecules via precision synthesis. This work combines an oxygen tolerant, room temperature polymerization method with a simple liquid handling robot to automatically prepare precise and high order multiblock copolymers with unprecedented livingness even after many chain extensions. The highest number of blocks synthesized in such a system is reported, demonstrating the capabilities of this automated platform for the rapid synthesis and complex polymer structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianna F Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zahra Mossayebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sadegh Shabani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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7
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Voorter PJ, Dev G, Buckinx AL, Dai J, Subramanian P, Kumar A, Cameron NR, Junkers T. From monomer to micelle: a facile approach to the multi-step synthesis of block copolymers via inline purification. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8466-8473. [PMID: 37592997 PMCID: PMC10430632 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pass continuous flow strategy to form block copolymer nanoaggregates directly from monomers is presented. A key development towards such a sophisticated continuous flow setup is a significant improvement in continuous flow dialysis. Often impurities or solvent residues from polymerizations must be removed before block extensions or nanoaggregate formation can be carried out, typically disrupting the workflow. Hence, inline purification systems are required for fully continuous operation and eventual high throughput operation. An inline dialysis purification system is developed and exemplified for amphiphilic block copolymer synthesis from thermal and photoiniferter reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The inline dialysis system is found to be significantly faster than conventional batch dialysis and the kinetics are found to be very predictable with a diffusion velocity coefficient of 4.1 × 10-4 s-1. This is at least 4-5 times faster than conventional dialysis. Moreover, the newly developed setup uses only 57 mL of solvent for purification per gram of polymer, again reducing the required amount by almost an order of magnitude compared to conventional methods. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl acrylate (BA) was polymerized in a traditional flow reactor as the first block via RAFT polymerization, followed by a 'dialysis loop', which contains a custom-built inline dialysis device. Clearance of residual monomers is monitored via in-line NMR. The purified reaction mixture can then be chain extended in a second reactor stage to obtain block copolymers using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) as the second monomer. In the last step, nano-objects are created, again from flow processes. The process is highly tuneable, showing for the chosen model system a variation in nanoaggregate size from 34 nm to 188 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Voorter
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Gayathri Dev
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Axel-Laurenz Buckinx
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Jinhuo Dai
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- School of Engineering, Warwick University Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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8
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Rho JY, Perrier S, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3438-3469. [PMID: 37093560 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A multiblock copolymer is a polymer of a specific structure that consists of multiple covalently linked segments, each comprising a different monomer type. The control of the monomer sequence has often been described as the "holy grail" of synthetic polymer chemistry, with the ultimate goal being synthetic access to polymers of a "perfect" structure, where each monomeric building block is placed at a desired position along the polymer chain. Given that polymer properties are intimately linked to the microstructure and monomer distribution along the constituent chains, it goes without saying that there exist seemingly endless opportunities in terms of fine-tuning the properties of such materials by careful consideration of the length of each block, the number and order of blocks, and the inclusion of monomers with specific functional groups. The area of multiblock copolymer synthesis remains relatively unexplored, in particular with regard to structure-property relationships, and there are currently significant opportunities for the design and synthesis of advanced materials. The present review focuses on the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization implemented as aqueous emulsion polymerization. RAFT emulsion polymerization offers intriguing opportunities not only for the advanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers, but also provides access to polymeric nanoparticles of specific morphologies. Precise multiblock copolymer synthesis coupled with self-assembly offers material morphology control on length scales ranging from a few nanometers to a micrometer. It is imperative that polymer chemists interact with physicists and material scientists to maximize the impact of these materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- MACROARC, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Julia Y Rho
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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9
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Dhiraj HS, Ishizuka F, Elshaer A, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. Lactate and glucose induced self‐assembly of hydrophobic boronic acid‐substituted polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harpal S. Dhiraj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry Kingston University Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Fumi Ishizuka
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Amr Elshaer
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry Kingston University Kingston upon Thames UK
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry Kingston University Kingston upon Thames UK
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10
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Dhiraj HS, Ishizuka F, Saeed M, Elshaer A, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. Lactate and glucose responsive boronic acid-substituted amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles of high aspect ratio. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Han J, Lee J, Kim S, Lee A, Park HG, Kim YS. Mucus-inspired organogel as an efficient absorbent and retention agent for volatile organic compounds. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:101-108. [PMID: 36448562 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nasal mucus plays a key role in the sense of smell by absorbing and transporting chemicals to olfactory receptors. Inspired by the physical properties of mucus that enable it to transport molecules despite its high viscosity, we developed a polymeric organogel with similar viscosity and analyzed its general performance. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we confirmed that the matrix viscosity mainly affects the absorption and retention of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and not their diffusion inside the matrix. Additionally, the vapor pressure of VOCs influences the absorption and retention efficiencies of the matrix. Finally, a detailed understanding of the properties of mucus along with the use of sol-gel transition enabled us to create an efficient VOC absorbent and retention agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jemin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonghyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Bellato F, Feola S, Dalla Verde G, Bellio G, Pirazzini M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Cerullo V, Mastrotto F. Mannosylated Polycations Target CD206 + Antigen-Presenting Cells and Mediate T-Cell-Specific Activation in Cancer Vaccination. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5148-5163. [PMID: 36394394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is deemed one of the most powerful therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. However, limited response and tumor specificity are still major challenges to address. Herein, mannosylated polycations targeting mannose receptor- are developed as vectors for plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based vaccines to improve selective delivery of genetic material to antigen-presenting cells and enhance immune cell activation. Three diblock glycopolycations (M15A12, M29A25, and M58A45) and two triblock copolymers (M29A29B9 and M62A52B32) are generated by using mannose (M), agmatine (A), and butyl (B) derivatives to target CD206, complex nucleic acids, and favor the endosomal escape, respectively. All glycopolycations efficiently complex pDNA at N/P ratios <5, protecting the pDNA from degradation in a physiological milieu. M58A45 and M62A52B32 complexed with plasmid encoding for antigenic ovalbumin (pOVA) trigger the immune activation of cultured dendritic cells, which present the SIINFEKL antigenic peptide via specific major histocompatibility complex-I. Importantly, administration of M58A45/pOVA elicits SIINFEKL-specific T-cell response in C56BL/6 mice bearing the melanoma tumor model B16-OVA, well in line with a reduction in tumor growth. These results qualify mannosylation as an efficient strategy to target immune cells in cancer vaccination and emphasize the potential of these glycopolycations as effective delivery vehicles for nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Feola
- Drug Research Program ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, 00790Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria Dalla Verde
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Bellio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, 00790Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
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13
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Rudyak VY, Larin DE, Govorun EN. Microphase Separation of Statistical Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu. Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Daniil E. Larin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Elena N. Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow119991, Russia
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14
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Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207376. [PMID: 35678548 PMCID: PMC9541501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a new aqueous polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) formulation that enables the hydrophobic block to be prepared first when targeting diblock copolymer nano‐objects. This counter‐intuitive reverse sequence approach uses an ionic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) to produce charge‐stabilized latex particles. Chain extension using a water‐soluble methacrylic, acrylic or acrylamide comonomer then produces sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles in an aqueous one‐pot formulation. In each case, the monomer diffuses into the PHPMA particles, which act as the locus for the polymerization. A remarkable change in morphology occurs as the ≈600 nm latex is converted into much smaller sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit thermoresponsive behavior. Such reverse sequence PISA formulations enable the efficient synthesis of new functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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16
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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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17
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Garcia Maset R, Hapeshi A, Hall S, Dalgliesh RM, Harrison F, Perrier S. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity in Host-Mimicking Media and In Vivo Toxicity of Antimicrobial Polymers as Functional Mimics of AMPs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32855-32868. [PMID: 35819416 PMCID: PMC9335526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Activity tests for synthetic antimicrobial compounds are often limited to the minimal inhibitory concentration assay using standard media and bacterial strains. In this study, a family of acrylamide copolymers that act as synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides were synthesized and shown to have a disruptive effect on bacterial membranes and structural integrity through microscopy techniques and membrane polarization experiments. The polymers were tested for their antimicrobial properties using media that mimic clinically relevant conditions. Additionally, their activity was compared in two different strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We showed that the medium composition can have an important influence on the polymer activity as there was a considerable reduction in minimal inhibitory concentrations against S. aureus grown in synthetic wound fluid (SWF), and against P. aeruginosa grown in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum media (SCFM), compared to the concentrations in standard testing media. In contrast, we observed a complete loss of activity against P. aeruginosa in the serum-containing SWF. Finally, we made use of an emerging invertebrate in vivo model, using Galleria mellonella larvae, to assess toxicity of the polymeric antimicrobials, showing a good correlation with cell line toxicity measurements and demonstrating its potential in the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Hapeshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Dalgliesh
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Freya Harrison
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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18
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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19
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Foster H, Stenzel MH, Chapman R. PET-RAFT Enables Efficient and Automated Multiblock Star Synthesis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Foster
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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20
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Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling polymer dispersity using switchable RAFT agents: Unravelling the effect of the organic content and degree of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Kerr A, Sagita E, Mansfield EDH, Nguyen TH, Feeney OM, Pouton CW, Porter CJH, Sanchis J, Perrier S. Polymeric Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Vectors─Comparison of Covalently and Supramolecularly Assembled Constructs. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2315-2328. [PMID: 35582852 PMCID: PMC9198979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rod-shaped nanoparticles have been identified as promising drug delivery candidates. In this report, the in vitro cell uptake and in vivo pharmacokinetic/bio-distribution behavior of molecular bottle-brush (BB) and cyclic peptide self-assembled nanotubes were studied in the size range of 36-41 nm in length. It was found that BB possessed the longest plasma circulation time (t1\2 > 35 h), with the cyclic peptide system displaying an intermediate half-life (14.6 h), although still substantially elevated over a non-assembling linear control (2.7 h). The covalently bound BB underwent substantial distribution into the liver, whereas the cyclic peptide nanotube was able to mostly circumvent organ accumulation, highlighting the advantage of the inherent degradability of the cyclic peptide systems through their reversible aggregation of hydrogen bonding core units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Erny Sagita
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tri-Hung Nguyen
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Orlagh M Feeney
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Joaquin Sanchis
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.,Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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22
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Precision Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization: Fusing the progress from Polymer Chemistry and Reaction Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Dhiraj HS, Ishizuka F, Elshaer A, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. RAFT dispersion polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) of boronic acid-substituted acrylamides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
For the unprotected monomer, the boroxine core of nanoparticles allows transitions to higher order morphologies, while worms and vesicles are yielded directly from PISA of the pinacol ester-protected monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpal S. Dhiraj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Fumi Ishizuka
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amr Elshaer
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
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24
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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25
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Bobrin VA, Lee K, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Nanostructure Control in 3D Printed Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107643. [PMID: 34742167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no straightforward methods to 3D print materials with nanoscale control over morphological and functional properties. Here, a novel approach for the fabrication of materials with controlled nanoscale morphologies using a rapid and commercially available Digital Light Processing 3D printing technique is demonstrated. This process exploits reversible deactivation radical polymerization to control the in-situ-polymerization-induced microphase separation of 3D printing resins, which provides materials with complex architectures controllable from the macro- to nanoscale, resulting in the preparation of materials with enhanced mechanical properties. This method does not require specialized equipment or process conditions and thus represents an important development in the production of advanced materials via additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Bobrin
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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26
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Catania R, Foralosso R, Spanos L, Russo E, Mastrotto F, Gurnani P, Butler K, Williams H, Stolnik S, Mantovani G. Direct routes to functional RAFT agents from substituted N-alkyl maleimides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three different routes are presented for the synthesis of functional RAFT agents from N-substituted maleimides, which are then used to synthesise α,β,ω-functional RAFT polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catania
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ruggero Foralosso
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lampros Spanos
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emanuele Russo
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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27
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Lehnen AC, Kurki J, Hartlieb M. The difference between photo-iniferter and conventional RAFT polymerization: high livingness enables the straightforward synthesis of multiblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-iniferter (PI)-RAFT polymerization, the direct activation of chain transfer agents via light, is a fascinating polymerization technique, as it overcomes some restriction of conventional RAFT polymerization. As such, we elucidated...
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28
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Thompson SW, Guimarães TR, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing RAFT PISA emulsion polymerization to synthesize high molecular weight hexablock multiblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (OUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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29
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RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Using a Poly(( N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)- co-( N-isopropyl acrylamide)) mCTA: Synthesis and Thermosensitivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010062. [PMID: 35012086 PMCID: PMC8747436 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly((N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)-co-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)) (P(DMA-co-NIPAM)) copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Kelen–Tüdős method to be rNIPAM = 0.83 and rDMA = 1.10. The thermoresponsive properties of these copo-lymers with varying molecular weights were characterized by visual turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The copolymers showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water with a dependence on the molar fraction of DMA in the copolymer. Chaotropic and kosmotropic salt anions of the Hofmeister series, known to affect the LCST of thermoresponsive polymers, were used as additives in the aqueous copolymer solutions and their influence on the LCST was demonstrated. Further on, in order to investigate the thermoresponsive behavior of P(DMA-co-NIPAM) in a confined state, P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers were prepared via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) through surfactant-free RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using P(DMA-co-NIPAM) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (mCTA) of the polymerization. As confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), this approach yielded stabilized spherical micelles in aqueous dispersions where the PS block formed the hydrophobic core and the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) block formed the hydrophilic corona of the spherical micelle. The temperature-dependent behavior of the LCST-type diblock copolymers was further studied by examining the collapse of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) minor block of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers as a function of temperature in aqueous solution. The nanospheres were found to be thermosensitive by changing their hydrodynamic radii almost linearly as a function of temperature between 25 °C and 45 °C. The addition of kosmotropic salt anions, as a potentially useful tuning feature of micellar assemblies, was found to increase the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles and resulted in a faster collapse of the micelle corona upon heating.
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30
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Yang Q, Yang Y, Liu W, Tian W, Xing F, Xiao P. In Situ Generated Crude Trithiocarbonate for Visible Light‐Mediated RAFT Polymerization of Acrylates**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University #601 Huangpu West Avenue Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yili Yang
- Department of Immunobiology College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University #601 Huangpu West Avenue Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Wenli Liu
- Department of Immunobiology College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University #601 Huangpu West Avenue Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Immunobiology College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University #601 Huangpu West Avenue Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University #601 Huangpu West Avenue Guangzhou 510632 China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601
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31
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Concurrent control over sequence and dispersity in multiblock copolymers. Nat Chem 2021; 14:304-312. [PMID: 34845344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling monomer sequence and dispersity in synthetic macromolecules is a major goal in polymer science as both parameters determine materials' properties and functions. However, synthetic approaches that can simultaneously control both sequence and dispersity remain experimentally unattainable. Here we report a simple, one pot and rapid synthesis of sequence-controlled multiblocks with on-demand control over dispersity while maintaining a high livingness, and good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and quantitative yields. Key to our approach is the regulation in the activity of the chain transfer agent during a controlled radical polymerization that enables the preparation of multiblocks with gradually ascending (Ɖ = 1.16 → 1.60), descending (Ɖ = 1.66 → 1.22), alternating low and high dispersity values (Ɖ = 1.17 → 1.61 → 1.24 → 1.70 → 1.26) or any combination thereof. We further demonstrate the potential of our methodology through the synthesis of highly ordered pentablock, octablock and decablock copolymers, which yield multiblocks with concurrent control over both sequence and dispersity.
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32
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Boffoli D, Bellato F, Avancini G, Gurnani P, Yilmaz G, Romero M, Robertson S, Moret F, Sandrelli F, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Cámara M, Mantovani G, Mastrotto F. Tobramycin-loaded complexes to prevent and disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1788-1810. [PMID: 34841492 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based materials are increasingly investigated for a range of applications spanning from healthcare to advanced functional materials. Synthetic glycopolymers are particularly attractive as they possess low toxicity and immunogenicity and can be used as multivalent ligands to target sugar-binding proteins (lectins). Here, we utilised RAFT polymerisation to synthesize two families of novel diblock copolymers consisting of a glycopolymers block containing either mannopyranose or galactopyranose pendant units, which was elongated with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS) to generate a polyanionic block. The latter enabled complexation of cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin through electrostatic interactions (loading efficiency in the 0.5-6.3 wt% range, depending on the copolymer). The resulting drug vectors were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential, and transmission electron microscopy. Tobramycin-loaded complexes were tested for their ability to prevent clustering or disrupt biofilm of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a large proportion of nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa possesses two specific tetrameric carbohydrate-binding adhesins, LecA (PA-IL, galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding) and LecB (PA-IIL, fucose/mannose-binding), and the cell-associated and extracellular adhesin CdrA (Psl/mannose-binding) thus ideally suited for targeted drug delivery using sugar-decorated tobramycin-loaded complexes here developed. Both aliphatic and aromatic linkers were utilised to link the sugar pendant units to the polyacrylamide polymer backbone to assess the effect of the nature of such linkers on bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties of the complexes. Results showed that tobramycin-loaded complexes efficiently suppressed (40 to 60% of inhibition) in vitro biofilm formation in PAO1-L P. aeruginosa and that preferential targeting of PAO1-L biofilm can be achieved using mannosylated glycopolymer-b-AMPSm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Boffoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Avancini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Shaun Robertson
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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33
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Hartlieb M. Photo-Iniferter RAFT Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100514. [PMID: 34750911 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light-mediated polymerization techniques offer distinct advantages over polymerization reactions fueled by thermal energy, such as high spatial and temporal control as well as the possibility to work under mild reaction conditions. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a highly versatile radical polymerization method that can be utilized to control a variety of monomers and produce a vast number of complex macromolecular structures. The use of light to drive a RAFT-polymerization is possible via multiple routes. Besides the use of photo-initiators, or photo-catalysts, the direct activation of the chain transfer agent controlling the RAFT process in a photo-iniferter (PI) process is an elegant way to initiate and control polymerization reactions. Within this review, PI-RAFT polymerization and its advantages over the conventional RAFT process are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hartlieb
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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34
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Etayash H, Hancock REW. Host Defense Peptide-Mimicking Polymers and Polymeric-Brush-Tethered Host Defense Peptides: Recent Developments, Limitations, and Potential Success. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1820. [PMID: 34834239 PMCID: PMC8621177 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic antimicrobial polymers have attracted considerable interest as structural mimics of host defense peptides (HDPs) that provide a broad spectrum of activity and do not induce bacterial-drug resistance. Likewise, surface engineered polymeric-brush-tethered HDP is considered a promising coating strategy that prevents infections and endows implantable materials and medical devices with antifouling and antibacterial properties. While each strategy takes a different approach, both aim to circumvent limitations of HDPs, enhance physicochemical properties, therapeutic performance, and enable solutions to unmet therapeutic needs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in each approach, spotlight the fundamental principles, describe current developments with examples, discuss benefits and limitations, and highlight potential success. The review intends to summarize our knowledge in this research area and stimulate further work on antimicrobial polymers and functionalized polymeric biomaterials as strategies to fight infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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35
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Khan M, Guimarães TR, Kuchel RP, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. Synthesis of Multicompositional Onion‐like Nanoparticles via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rhiannon P. Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing Bag 10 Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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36
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Khan M, Guimarães TR, Kuchel RP, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. Synthesis of Multicompositional Onion-like Nanoparticles via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23281-23288. [PMID: 34411397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of multicompositional polymeric nanoparticles of diameters 100-150 nm comprising well-defined multiblock copolymers reaching from the particle surface to the particle core was conducted using surfactant-free aqueous macroRAFT emulsion polymerization. The imposed constraints on chain mobility as well as chemical incompatibility between the blocks result in microphase separation, leading to formation of an onion-like multilayered particle morphology with individual layer thicknesses of approximately 20 nm. The approach provides considerable versatility in particle morphology design as the composition of individual layers as well as the number of layers can be tailored as desired, offering more complex particle design compared to approaches relying on self-assembly of preformed diblock copolymers within particles. Microphase separation can occur in these systems under conditions where the corresponding bulk system would not theoretically result in microphase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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37
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Garofalo M, Bellato F, Magliocca S, Malfanti A, Kuryk L, Rinner B, Negro S, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Mastrotto F. Polymer Coated Oncolytic Adenovirus to Selectively Target Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070949. [PMID: 34202714 PMCID: PMC8309094 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in chemotherapy, the overall prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains extremely poor. HCC targeting strategies were combined with the tumor cell cytotoxicity of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to develop a more efficient and selective therapeutic system. OVs were coated with a polygalactosyl-b-agmatyl diblock copolymer (Gal32-b-Agm29), with high affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) expressed on the liver cell surface, exploiting the electrostatic interaction of the positively charged agmatine block with the negatively charged adenoviral capsid surface. The polymer coating altered the viral particle diameter (from 192 to 287 nm) and zeta-potential (from -24.7 to 23.3 mV) while hiding the peculiar icosahedral symmetrical OV structure, as observed by TEM. Coated OVs showed high potential therapeutic value on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 (cytotoxicity of 72.4% ± 4.96), expressing a high level of ASGPRs, while a lower effect was attained with ASPGR-negative A549 cell line (cytotoxicity of 54.4% ± 1.59). Conversely, naked OVs showed very similar effects in both tested cell lines. Gal32-b-Agm29 OV coating enhanced the infectivity and immunogenic cell death program in HepG2 cells as compared to the naked OV. This strategy provides a rationale for future studies utilizing oncolytic viruses complexed with polymers toward effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-04-9827-5710 (M.G.); +39-04-9827-5708 (F.M.)
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Salvatore Magliocca
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73 bte B1 73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, 00180 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-04-9827-5710 (M.G.); +39-04-9827-5708 (F.M.)
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38
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One-pot synthesis of double and triple polybetaine block copolymers and their temperature-responsive solution behavior. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Tawade BV, Apata IE, Pradhan N, Karim A, Raghavan D. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Low-K and High-K Nanoparticles for Dielectric and Electronic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:2942. [PMID: 34063362 PMCID: PMC8157189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) or hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) by tethering of polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticles is an important technique to obtain nanostructured hybrid materials that have been widely used in the formulation of advanced polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic-based polymer nanocomposites integrate key attributes of polymer and ceramic nanomaterial to improve the dielectric properties such as breakdown strength, energy density and dielectric loss. This review describes the "grafting from" and "grafting to" approaches commonly adopted to graft polymer chains on NPs pertaining to nano-dielectrics. The article also covers various surface initiated controlled radical polymerization techniques, along with templated approaches for grafting of polymer chains onto SiO2, TiO2, BaTiO3, and Al2O3 nanomaterials. As a look towards applications, an outlook on high-performance polymer nanocomposite capacitors for the design of high energy density pulsed power thin-film capacitors is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhausaheb V. Tawade
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (B.V.T.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Ikeoluwa E. Apata
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (B.V.T.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Nihar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Dharmaraj Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (B.V.T.); (I.E.A.)
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40
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Petch JE, Gurnani P, Yilmaz G, Mastrotto F, Alexander C, Heeb S, Cámara M, Mantovani G. Combining Inducible Lectin Expression and Magnetic Glyconanoparticles for the Selective Isolation of Bacteria from Mixed Populations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19230-19243. [PMID: 33852268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The selective isolation of bacteria from mixed populations has been investigated in varied applications ranging from differential pathogen identification in medical diagnostics and food safety to the monitoring of microbial stress dynamics in industrial bioreactors. Selective isolation techniques are generally limited to the confinement of small populations in defined locations, may be unable to target specific bacteria, or rely on immunomagnetic separation, which is not universally applicable. In this proof-of-concept work, we describe a novel strategy combining inducible bacterial lectin expression with magnetic glyconanoparticles (MGNPs) as a platform technology to enable selective bacterial isolation from cocultures. An inducible mutant of the type 1 fimbriae, displaying the mannose-specific lectin FimH, was constructed in Escherichia coli allowing for "on-demand" glycan-binding protein presentation following external chemical stimulation. Binding to glycopolymers was only observed upon fimbrial induction and was specific for mannosylated materials. A library of MGNPs was produced via the grafting of well-defined catechol-terminal glycopolymers prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to magnetic nanoparticles. Thermal analysis revealed high functionalization (≥85% polymer by weight). Delivery of MGNPs to cocultures of fluorescently labeled bacteria followed by magnetic extraction resulted in efficient depletion of type 1 fimbriated target cells from wild-type or afimbriate E. coli. Extraction efficiency was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the glycopolymers utilized to engineer the nanoparticles, with MGNPs decorated with shorter Dopa-(ManAA)50 mannosylated glycopolymers found to perform better than those assembled from a longer Dopa-(ManAA)200 analogue. The extraction efficiency of fimbriated E. coli was also improved when the counterpart strain did not harbor the genetic apparatus for the expression of the type 1 fimbriae. Overall, this work suggests that the modulation of the genetic apparatus encoding bacterial surface-associated lectins coupled with capture through MGNPs could be a versatile tool for the extraction of bacteria from mixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Petch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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41
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock Copolymer Synthesis via Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Emulsion Polymerization: Effects of Chain Mobility within Particles on Control over Molecular Weight Distribution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K. K. Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10,l, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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42
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Khan M, Guimarães TR, Choong K, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. RAFT Emulsion Polymerization for (Multi)block Copolymer Synthesis: Overcoming the Constraints of Monomer Order. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenneth Choong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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43
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Xiao L, Li J, Li W, Li W, Huang G. The synthesis of multiblock copolymer brush based on
DSPAAC
and
CuAAC
click reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province University Hengyang China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province University Hengyang China
| | - Wenyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province University Hengyang China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province University Hengyang China
| | - Geng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province University Hengyang China
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44
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Hutchins-Crawford HJ, Ninjiaranai P, Derry MJ, Molloy R, Tighe BJ, Topham PD. Bromoform-assisted aqueous free radical polymerisation: a simple, inexpensive route for the preparation of block copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of ‘uncontrolled’ commercially-relevant block copolymers by metal- and sulfur-free, bromoform-assisted polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padarat Ninjiaranai
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Robert Molloy
- Materials Science Research Center
- Faculty of Science
- Chiang Mai University
- Chiang Mai 50200
- Thailand
| | - Brian J. Tighe
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
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45
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Li M, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Gao J, Zhang S, Lei L. One-step synthesis of poly(methacrylate)- b-polyester via “one organocatalyst, two polymerizations”. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a “one organocatalyst, two polymerizations” system, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt could spontaneously catalyze photo-ATRP and ROP. A well-defined PTMC-b-PMMA block copolymer was successfully synthesized in one-step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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46
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Guimarães TR, Bong YL, Thompson SW, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. Polymerization-induced self-assembly via RAFT in emulsion: effect of Z-group on the nucleation step. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the nature of the Z-group of trithiocarbonate RAFT agents can have a major effect on the nucleation step of aqueous RAFT PISA performed as emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R. Guimarães
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Y. Loong Bong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Steven W. Thompson
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
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48
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Richardson RAE, Guimarães TR, Khan M, Moad G, Zetterlund PB, Perrier S. Low-Dispersity Polymers in Ab Initio Emulsion Polymerization: Improved MacroRAFT Agent Performance in Heterogeneous Media. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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49
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Castagnet T, Ballard N, Billon L, Asua JM. Microwave-Assisted Ultrafast RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization of Biobased Terpenoid Acrylates. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4559-4568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Castagnet
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities and Self-Assembly, Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laurent Billon
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities and Self-Assembly, Université de Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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50
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Pereira SO, Trindade T, Barros-Timmons A. Biofunctional Polymer Coated Au Nanoparticles Prepared via RAFT-Assisted Encapsulating Emulsion Polymerization and Click Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1442. [PMID: 32605120 PMCID: PMC7408358 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-assisted encapsulating emulsion polymerization (REEP) has been explored to prepare diverse types of colloidal stable core-shell nanostructures. A major field of application of such nanoparticles is in emergent nanomedicines, which require effective biofunctionalization strategies, in which their response to bioanalytes needs to be firstly assessed. Herein, functional core-shell nanostructures were prepared via REEP and click chemistry. Thus, following the REEP strategy, colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs, d = 15 nm) were coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) macroRAFT agent containing an azide (N3) group to afford N3-macroRAFT@Au NPs. Then, chain extension was carried out from the NPs surface via REEP, at 44 °C under monomer-starved conditions, to yield N3-copolymer@Au NPs-core-shell type structures. Biotin was anchored to N3-copolymer@Au NPs via click chemistry using an alkynated biotin to yield biofunctionalized Au nanostructures. The response of the ensuing biotin-copolymer@Au NPs to avidin was followed by visible spectroscopy, and the copolymer-biotin-avidin interaction was further studied using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. This research demonstrates that REEP is a promising strategy to prepare robust functional core-shell plasmonic nanostructures for bioapplications. Although the presence of azide moieties requires the use of low polymerization temperature, the overall strategy allows the preparation of tailor-made plasmonic nanostructures for applications of biosensors based on responsive polymer shells, such as pH, temperature, and photoluminescence quenching. Moreover, the interaction of biotin with avidin proved to be time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (T.T.)
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