1
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Akkravijitkul N, Cheechana N, Rithchumpon P, Junpirom T, Limwanich W, Nalampang K, Thavornyutikarn P, Punyodom W, Meepowpan P. Scalable and Room-Temperature Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Active Lithium Tetramethylene-Tethered Bis[ N-( N'-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)] N-Heterocyclic Carbene as a Lewis Acid Organocatalyst. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12052-12064. [PMID: 36073019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid organocatalytic system of lithium tetramethylene-tethered bis[N-(N'-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)] N-heterocyclic carbene (1,4-bisNHC) including lithium benzyloxide and benzyl alcohol has been successfully utilized in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) for the first time. The catalytic performance of this organic catalyst in the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polymers was investigated via bulk polymerization using different combinations of tetramethylene-tethered bis[N-(N'-butylimidazolium)] hexafluorophosphate (1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]), benzyl alcohol (BnOH), and n-butyl lithium (nBuLi) ([1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]]/[BnOH]/[nBuLi]) with the molar ratios of 0:2:2, 1:1:3, 1:2:3, and 1:2:4. The results showed that the molar ratio of 1:2:3 efficiently and rapidly initiated the bulk ROP of CL at room temperature with a high molar ratio of CL to 1,4-bis[Bim][PF6] of 3000/1 and produced the highest number of average-molecular-weight (Mn) poly(ε-caprolactone) (103,057 g mol-1) with the dispersity (D̵) and %conversion of 1.73 and 98% in a short period of time (152 s). From comparative studies, the relative polymerization rates of the bulk ROP of CL with different [1,4-bis[Bim][PF6]]/[BnOH]/[nBuLi] molar ratios was determined in the following order: 1:2:4 > 1:1:3 > 1:2:3 > 0:2:2. For mechanistic investigation, the bulk ROP mechanism of CL with our organic catalyst was proposed through the intramolecular bis-lithium-carbene interaction pathway for 1,4-bisNHC1,1,3, 1,4-bisNHC1,2,3, and 1,4-bisNHC1,2,4 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapol Akkravijitkul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nathaporn Cheechana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puracheth Rithchumpon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thiti Junpirom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanich Limwanich
- Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Kanarat Nalampang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Praput Thavornyutikarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puttinan Meepowpan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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3
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Rosa RP, Ferreira FV, dos Santos DM, Lona LM. Cellulose nanocrystals as initiator of ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Jin KS, Isono T, Satoh T. Unimodal and Well-Defined Nanomicelles Assembled by Topology-Controlled Bicyclic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- PLS-II Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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5
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Yang PB, Davidson MG, Edler KJ, Brown S. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Bio-Based Cyclic Aliphatic Polyesters. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3649-3667. [PMID: 34415743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers have long been reported in the literature, but their development has often been stunted by synthetic difficulties such as the presence of linear contaminants. Research into the synthesis of these polymers has made great progress in the past decade, and this review covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of cyclic polymers, with an emphasis on bio-based aliphatic polyesters. Synthetic routes to cyclic polymers synthesized from bioderived monomers, alongside mechanistic descriptions for both ring closure and ring expansion polymerization approaches, are reviewed. The review also highlights some of the unique physical properties of cyclic polymers together with potential applications. The findings illustrate the substantial recent developments made in the syntheses of cyclic polymers, as well as the progress which can be made in the commercialization of bio-based polymers through the versatility this topology provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Yang
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen J Edler
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Steven Brown
- Scott Bader, Wollaston, Wellingborough, NN29 7RJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Kricheldorf HR, Weidner SM, Falkenhagen J. Reversible polycondensations outside the Jacobson–Stockmayer theory and a new concept of reversible polycondensations. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible polycondensations exist involving intermolecular transesterification in the absence of back-biting, which may be understood as part of a so-called ‘polycondensation triangle’ based on the definition of three polycondensation classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R. Kricheldorf
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen. M. Weidner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Chen Y, Ding R, Wang Y, Ye Y, Zhang G. Kinetics study and process simulation of reactive distillation for the synthesis of ε‐caprolactone. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yuntao Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guangxu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
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8
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Miao Z, Pal D, Niu W, Kubo T, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Cyclic Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene): Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of a Transparent Cyclic Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Miao
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Weijia Niu
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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9
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Morphology and growth rate of spherulite of cyclic poly(ε-caprolactone) having a triazole group at the closing point. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Fukushima K, Nozaki K. Organocatalysis: A Paradigm Shift in the Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyesters and Polycarbonates. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Kricheldorf HR, Weidner SM. The Ring-Opening Polymerization-Polycondensation (ROPPOC) Approach to Cyclic Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000152. [PMID: 32462747 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new concept called ring-opening polymerization-polycondensation (ROPPOC) is presented and discussed. This synthetic strategy is based on the intermediate formation of chains having two end groups that can react with each other. The ROPPOC syntheses are subdivided into three groups according to the nature of the chain ends: two ionic end groups, one ionic and one covalent chain end, and a combination of two reactive covalent end groups may be involved, depending on the catalyst. The usefulness for the preparation of cyclic polymers is discussed with a review of numerous previously published examples. These examples concern the following classes of cyclic polymers: polypeptides, polyamides, and polyesters, including polycarbonates and cyclic polysiloxanes. It is demonstrated that the results of certain ROPPOC syntheses are in contradiction to the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory. Finally, the usefulness of ROPPOCs for the detection of polydisperse catenanes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Kricheldorf
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany
| | - Steffen M Weidner
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, Berlin, D-12489, Germany
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12
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13
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Qiu H, Shah MI, Bai T, Jiang L, Ling J. Zwitterionic copolymerization of γ-butyrolactone with 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane catalyzed by scandium triflates. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic copolymerization of γ-butyrolactone with 3,3-bis(chloromethyl) oxacyclobutane is catalyzed by scandium triflates generating random linear and cyclic copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Shah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Liming Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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14
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Xiang L, Ryu W, Kim J, Ree M. Cyclic topology effects on the morphology of biocompatible and environment-friendly poly(ε-caprolactone) under nanoscale film confinement. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis combined with X-ray reflectivity using synchrotron radiation sources was explored for the first time cyclic topology effects on the nanoscale film morphology of poly(ε-caprolactone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
- and Polymer Research Institute
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
| | - Wonyeong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
- and Polymer Research Institute
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
- and Polymer Research Institute
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
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15
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Konomoto T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Synthesis and Unimolecular ESA-CF Polymer Cyclization of Zwitterionic Telechelic Precursors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneaki Konomoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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16
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Handwerk DR, Shipman PD, Whitehead CB, Özkar S, Finke RG. Mechanism-Enabled Population Balance Modeling of Particle Formation en Route to Particle Average Size and Size Distribution Understanding and Control. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15827-15839. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Praban S, Yimthachote S, Kiriratnikom J, Chotchatchawankul S, Tantirungrotechai J, Phomphrai K. Synthesis and characterizations of bis(phenoxy)‐amine tin(II) complexes for ring‐opening polymerization of lactide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Praban
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Supajittra Yimthachote
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Jiraya Kiriratnikom
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Chotchatchawankul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Jonggol Tantirungrotechai
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC‐VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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18
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Shaik M, Peterson J, Du G. Cyclic and Linear Polyhydroxylbutyrates from Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone with Amido-Oxazolinate Zinc Catalysts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Jhaiquashia Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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19
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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20
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Rosa RP, Ferreira FV, Saravia APK, Rocco SA, Sforça ML, Gouveia RF, Lona LMF. A Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P. Rosa
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paola K. Saravia
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Silvana A. Rocco
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L. Sforça
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rubia F. Gouveia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Liliane M. F. Lona
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
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21
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Xiang L, Ryu W, Kim H, Ree M. Precise Synthesis, Properties, and Structures of Cyclic Poly(ε-caprolactone)s. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E577. [PMID: 30966611 PMCID: PMC6403704 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic PCL (c-PCL) has drawn great attention from academia and industry because of its unique, unusual structure and property characteristics due to the absence of end groups in addition to the biocompatibility and biodegradability of its linear analogue. As a result of much research effort, several synthetic methods have been developed to produce c-PCLs so far. Their chain, morphology and property characteristics were investigated even though carried out on a very limited basis. This feature article reviews the research progress made in the synthesis, morphology, and properties of c-PCL; all results and their pros and cons are discussed in terms of purity and molecular weight distribution in addition to the cyclic topology effect. In addition, we attempted to synthesize a series of c-PCL products of high purity by using intramolecular azido-alkynyl click cyclization chemistry and subsequent precise and controlled separation and purification; and their thermal degradation and phase transitions were investigated in terms of the cyclic topology effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Wonyeong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Heesoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
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22
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, Hadjichristidis N. An Efficient and General Strategy toward the Synthesis of Polyethylene-Based Cyclic Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - De Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Coutouly C, Gleede T, Vignolle J, Wurm FR, Carlotti S, Taton D. Selective Initiation from Unprotected Aminoalcohols for the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Organocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Methyl-N-tosyl Aziridine: Telechelic and Block Copolymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bakkali-Hassani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Clément Coutouly
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Tassilo Gleede
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joan Vignolle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stéphane Carlotti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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24
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Wang B, Pan L, Ma Z, Li Y. Ring-Opening Polymerization with Lewis Pairs and Subsequent Nucleophilic Substitution: A Promising Strategy to Well-Defined Polyethylene-like Polyesters without Transesterification. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, China
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25
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Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Chemoselective Lewis pair polymerization of renewable multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20170003. [PMID: 28739962 PMCID: PMC5540837 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones, γ-vinyl-γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (γVMMBL) and γ-allyl-γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (γAMMBL), have been synthesized from biorenewable ethyl levulinate and effectively polymerized by Lewis pairs consisting of an organic N-heterocyclic carbene Lewis base and a strong organo-Lewis acid E(C6F5)3 (E = Al, B). This Lewis pair polymerization is quantitatively chemoselective, proceeds exclusively via polyaddition across the conjugated α-methylene double bond without participation of the γ-vinyl or γ-allyl double bond, and produces high-molecular-weight functionalized polymers with unimodal molecular-weight distributions. The Al-based Lewis pair produces a polymer with approximately 5.5 times higher molecular weight than that produced by the B-based Lewis pair. The resulting vinyl-functionalized polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and stable at room temperature, and can be thermally cured into crosslinked materials.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
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26
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Chang YA, Waymouth RM. Recent progress on the synthesis of cyclic polymers via ring-expansion strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
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27
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Dunn AL, Landis CR. Stopped-Flow NMR and Quantitative GPC Reveal Unexpected Complexities for the Mechanism of NHC-Catalyzed Lactide Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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28
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Falivene L, Cavallo L. Guidelines To Select the N-Heterocyclic Carbene for the Organopolymerization of Monomers with a Polar Group. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Falivene
- KAUST Calaysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Calaysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences & Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Chang YA, Rudenko AE, Waymouth RM. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Substituted Eight-Membered Cyclic Carbonates to Generate Cyclic Poly(carbonate)s. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1162-1166. [PMID: 35658177 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of N-functionalized eight-membered cyclic carbonates with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) in the absence of alcohol initiators generates cyclic polycarbonates of Mn ∼ 30-100 kDa. The polymerization behavior of these eight-membered cyclic azacarbonates depends sensitively on the nature of the nitrogen substituent. The N-benzyl-substituted eight-membered cyclic carbonate (8CCBn) polymerizes readily with 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene to generate cyclic polycarbonates with molecular weights of Mn = 14 000 to 96 000 Da. In contrast, the N-phenyl-substituted cyclic carbonate (8CCPh) catalytically dimerizes in the presence of the NHC to afford the crystalline cyclic dimer. The zwitterionic ring-opening copolymerization of δ-valerolactone (VL) and the cyclic carbonates afford gradient cyclic copolymers. The cyclic topology of both the homopolymers and copolymers was supported by MALDI-TOF MS and intrinsic viscosity measurements. 13C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry of the cyclic copolymers are indicative of a gradient sequence distribution as a consequence of the more rapid enchainment of the cyclic carbonates relative to valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Andrey E. Rudenko
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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30
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Josse T, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Coulembier O. Synthese cyclischer Polymere durch Ringschluss-Strategien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Josse
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgien
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31
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Josse T, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Coulembier O. Cyclic Polymers by Ring-Closure Strategies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13944-13958. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Josse
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S MOS); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM); Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons; Place du Parc, 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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32
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Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Organocatalytic and Chemoselective Polymerization of Multivinyl-Functionalized γ-Butyrolactones. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:772-776. [PMID: 35614656 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Achieving complete chemoselectivity in the polymerization of multivinyl polar monomers is an important yet challenging task, currently achievable only by metal- or metalloid-mediated polymerization processes but in a noncatalytic fashion. Now this work shows that organic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts effect rapid, chemoselective, and catalytic polymerization of multivinyl-functionalized γ-butyrolactones, particularly γ-vinyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (VMBL). Thus, the NHC-catalyzed polymerization of VMBL not only is quantitatively chemoselective, proceeding exclusively via polyaddition across the conjugated α-methylene double bond while leaving the γ-vinyl double bond intact, but also requires only an exceptionally low catalyst loading of 50 ppm, thus, exhibiting a remarkably high catalyst turnover frequency of 80000 h-1 and producing on average 33.6 polymer chains of Mn = 73.8 kg/mol per NHC molecule. The resulting PVMBL can be either thermally cured into cross-linked materials or postfunctionalized with the thiol-ene "click" reaction to achieve complete conversion of the pendant vinyl group on every repeat unit into the corresponding thioether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R. Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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33
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Ottou WN, Sardon H, Mecerreyes D, Vignolle J, Taton D. Update and challenges in organo-mediated polymerization reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Li A, Lu L, Li X, He L, Do C, Garno JC, Zhang D. Amidine-Mediated Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Alkyl N-Carboxyanhydride: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Architecture Elucidation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - LiLin He
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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35
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Hong M, Tang X, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Monomer and Catalyst Scopes and Mechanism for Converting Dimethacrylates into Unsaturated Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2021-35. [PMID: 26779897 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This contribution presents a full account of experimental and theoretical/computational investigations into the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed proton-transfer polymerization (HTP) that converts common dimethacrylates (DMAs) containing no protic groups into unsaturated polyesters. This new HTP proceeds through the step-growth propagation cycles via enamine intermediates, consisting of the proposed conjugate addition-proton transfer-NHC release fundamental steps. This study examines the monomer and catalyst scopes as well as the fundamental steps involved in the overall HTP mechanism. DMAs having six different types of linkages connecting the two methacrylates have been polymerized into the corresponding unsaturated polyesters. The most intriguing unsaturated polyester of the series is that based on the biomass-derived furfuryl dimethacrylate, which showed a unique self-curing ability. Four MeO- and Cl-substituted TPT (1,3,4-triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene) derivatives as methanol insertion products, (Rx)TPT(MeO/H) (R = MeO, Cl; x = 2, 3), and two free carbenes (catalysts), (OMe2)TPT and (OMe3)TPT, have been synthesized, while (OMe2)TPT(MeO/H) and (OMe2)TPT have also been structurally characterized. The structure/reactivity relationship study revealed that (OMe2)TPT, being both a strong nucleophile and a good leaving group, exhibits the highest HTP activity and also produced the polyester with the highest Mn, while the Cl-substituted TPT derivatives are least active and efficient. Computational studies have provided mechanistic insights into the tail-to-tail dimerization coupling step as a suitable model for the propagation cycle of the HTP. The extensive energy profile was mapped out, and the experimentally observed unicity of the TPT-based catalysts was satisfactorily explained with the thermodynamic formation of key spirocyclic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno , Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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36
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Li XQ, Wang B, Ji HY, Li YS. Insights into the mechanism for ring-opening polymerization of lactide catalyzed by Zn(C6F5)2/organic superbase Lewis pairs. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A plausible mechanism for ring-opening polymerization of lactide catalyzed by Zn(C6F5)2-based Lewis pairs was proposed based on in situ NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Several experimental results show very good consistency with the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - He-Yuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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37
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Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Zwitterionic niobium and tantalum complexes with bidentate aminophenol scaffolds: synthesis, structural characterization and use in the ring opening polymerization of lactides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ROP of rac-LA using zwitterionic Nb and Ta complexes resulted in heterotactic enriched PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik K. Roymuhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna – 800 013
- India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600 036
- India
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38
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Naumann S, Dove AP. N-Heterocyclic carbenes for metal-free polymerization catalysis: an update. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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39
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Asenjo-Sanz I, Veloso A, Miranda JI, Alegría A, Pomposo JA, Barroso-Bujans F. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran and Glycidyl Phenyl Ether with B(C6F5)3. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Asenjo-Sanz
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Alegría
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation
for Science, María Díaz
de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
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40
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Chang YA, Waymouth RM. Ion pairing effects in the zwitterionic ring opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of LiCl additive on the N-heterocyclic carbene mediated zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone was investigated.
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41
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Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Synthesis and characterization of group 4 metal alkoxide complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands: effective catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of lactides, epoxides and polymerization of ethylene. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10352-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of group 4 complexes containing imine based bis-bidentate ligands were synthesized and used as catalysts for various polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik K. Roymuhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 800 013
- India
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42
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Roymuhury SK, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V. Zwitterionic group 4 aminophenolate catalysts for the polymerization of lactides and ethylene. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of group 4 metal chloride complexes based on aminophenol ligands were synthesized and characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik K. Roymuhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-800 013
- India
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43
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Naumann S, Dove AP. N-Heterocyclic carbenes as organocatalysts for polymerizations: trends and frontiers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review spotlights current areas of high interest for NHC-based polymerization research.
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44
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García JM, Jones GO, DeWinter J, Horn HW, Coulembier O, Dubois P, Gerbaux P, Hedrick JL. Meisenheimer Complex Inspired Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Noncyclic Poly(aryl ether sulfone)s. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501735q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette M. García
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Gavin O. Jones
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | | | - Hans W. Horn
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | | | | | | | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research
Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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Stukenbroeker TS, Solis-Ibarra D, Waymouth RM. Synthesis and Topological Trapping of Cyclic Poly(alkylene phosphates). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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46
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Zhang X, Waymouth RM. Zwitterionic Ring Opening Polymerization with Isothioureas. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1024-1028. [PMID: 35610786 DOI: 10.1021/mz500525n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclic isothioureas 1 and 2 mediate controlled ring opening polymerizations (ROP) of lactides in the absence of protic initiators to afford high molecular weight polylactides (PLA) with narrow polydispersities. The cyclic structure of the resulting PLA was determined by dilute solution viscosity measurement and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Compared to DBU initiator, isothioureas are more selective for producing cyclic PLA without appreciable linear contaminants. Mechanistic studies involving acyl amidinium support our hypothesis that DBU-initiated ZROP generates linear chains from a ketene aminal intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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47
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Hong M, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization (HTP): Converting Methacrylates to Polyesters by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Hong M, Chen EYX. Proton-Transfer Polymerization (HTP): Converting Methacrylates to Polyesters by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11900-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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