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Rao A, Olsen BD. Structural and dynamic heterogeneity in associative networks formed by artificially engineered protein polymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6314-6328. [PMID: 37560814 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates static gel structure and cooperative multi-chain motion in associative networks using a well-defined model system composed of artificial coiled-coil proteins. The combination of small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering provides evidence for three static length scales irrespective of protein gel design which are attributed to correlations arising from the blob length, inter-junction spacing, and multi-chain density fluctuations. Self-diffusion measurements using forced Rayleigh scattering demonstrate an apparent superdiffusive regime in all gels studied, reflecting a transition between distinct "slow" and "fast" diffusive species. The interconversion between the two diffusive modes occurs on a length scale on the order of the largest correlation length observed by neutron scattering, suggesting a possible caging effect. Comparison of the self-diffusive behavior with characteristic molecular length scales and the single-sticker dissociation time inferred from tracer diffusion measurements supports the primarily single-chain mechanisms of self-diffusion as previously conceptualized. The step size of the slow mode is comparable to the root-mean-square length of the midblock strands, consistent with a single-chain walking mode rather than collective motion of multi-chain aggregates. The transition to the fast mode occurs on a timescale 10-1000 times the single-sticker dissociation time, which is consistent with the onset of single-molecule hopping. Finally, the terminal diffusivity depends exponentially on the number of stickers per chain, further suggesting that long-range diffusion occurs by molecular hopping rather than sticky Rouse motion of larger assemblies. Collectively, the results suggest that diffusion of multi-chain clusters is dominated by the single-chain pictures proposed in previous coarse-grained modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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2
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Huysecom AS, Glorieux C, Thoen J, Thielemans W, Fustin CA, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Phase behavior of medium-length hydrophobically associating PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers in aqueous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:521-538. [PMID: 36948106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The micellization of block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) is driven by the dehydration of PPO at elevated temperatures. At low concentrations, a viscous solution of isolated micelles is obtained, whereas at higher concentrations, crowding of micelles results in an elastic gel. Alternating PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers are expected to exhibit different phase behavior, with altered phase boundaries and thermodynamics, as compared to PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics®) with equal hydrophobicity, thereby proving the pivotal role of copolymer architecture and molecular weight. EXPERIMENTS Multiple characterization techniques were used to map the phase behavior as a function of temperature and concentration of PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers (ExpertGel®) in aqueous solution. These techniques include shear rheology, differential and adiabatic scanning calorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry and light transmittance. The micellar size and topology were studied by dynamic light scattering. FINDINGS Multiblocks have lower transition temperatures and higher thermodynamic driving forces for micellization as compared to triblocks due to the presence of more than one PPO block per chain. With increasing concentration, the multiblock copolymers in solution gradually evolve into a viscoelastic network formed by soluble bridges in between micellar nodes, whereas hairy triblock micelles jam into liquid crystalline phases resembling an elastic colloidal crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Huysecom
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christ Glorieux
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Thoen
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UC Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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3
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Huysecom AS, Thielemans W, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. A Generalized Mechano-statistical Transient Network Model for Unravelling the Network Topology and Elasticity of Hydrophobically Associating Multiblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Huysecom
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Shen J, Dai Y, Xia F, Zhang X. Role of divalent metal ions in the function and application of hydrogels. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Hosseinzadeh B, Ahmadi M. Coordination geometry in metallo-supramolecular polymer networks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Chen H, Tong K. The Contributions of Supramolecular Kinetics to Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200279. [PMID: 36229412 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers exhibit well-controlled dynamics with fascinating capacity for remodeling, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular kinetics of non-covalent bonds is a dominant control handle among the relevant factors to tailor dynamics of supramolecular polymers. This Review focuses on elucidating how supramolecular kinetics dictates the polymer dynamics in supramolecular polymer systems. The ways to tailor supramolecular kinetics are firstly examined as prerequisites for structure-activity study of supramolecular polymers. We next discuss the role of supramolecular kinetics in supramolecular polymers under different polymer architectures by the combination of both of theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we conclude by discussing the existing challenges and opportunities in the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kun Tong
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Application for Aerospace Green Propellants, Beijing, 100074, P. R. China
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Sacligil I, Barney CW, Crosby AJ, Tew GN. Bond strength regime dictates stress relaxation behavior. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4937-4943. [PMID: 35730637 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable polymer networks are gaining interest for their potential applications as self-healing, recyclable, and stimuli-responsive smart materials. Relating the bond strength of dynamic interactions to material properties including stress relaxation time and modulus is crucial for smart material design. In this work, in situ crosslinked transition metal-terpyridine reconfigurable networks were utilized to modulate the characteristic network stress relaxation time, τR. The use of stress relaxation experiments rather than oscillatory frequency sweeps allowed for the measurement of network bond dynamics across a wider dynamic range than has been previously reported. The stress relaxation time was shown to be tunable by metal center, counterion, and crosslink density. Remarkably, the network crosslinked with covalent-like ruthenium chloride-terpyridine interaction, while having a longer τR, was qualitatively similar to the other metal-ligand networks. Furthermore, the relaxation time was independent of crosslink density in strongly bonded networks, allowing for independent tunability of modulus and τR. In contrast, increasing crosslink density reduced τR in networks crosslinked with weaker interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Sacligil
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Christopher W Barney
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, MA 01003, USA.
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Interplay of Crosslinking Structures and Segmental Dynamics in Solid-Liquid Elastomers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Ohira M, Katashima T, Naito M, Aoki D, Yoshikawa Y, Iwase H, Takata SI, Miyata K, Chung UI, Sakai T, Shibayama M, Li X. Star-Polymer-DNA Gels Showing Highly Predictable and Tunable Mechanical Responses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108818. [PMID: 35034389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically crosslinked gels are appealing materials for applications that require time-dependent mechanical responses. DNA duplexes are ideal crosslinkers for building such gels because of their excellent sequence addressability and flexible tunability in bond energy. However, the mechanical responses of most DNA gels are complicated and unpredictable. Here, a DNA gel with a highly homogeneous gel network and well predictable mechanical behaviors is demonstrated by using a pair of star-polymer-DNA precursors with presimulated DNA sequences showing the two-state transition. The melting curve analysis of the DNA gels reveals the good correspondence between the thermodynamic potentials of the DNA crosslinkers and the presimulated values by DNA calculators. Stress-relaxation tests and dissociation kinetics measurements show that the macroscopic relaxation time of the DNA gels is approximately equal to the lifetime of the DNA crosslinkers over 4 orders of magnitude from 0.1-2000 s. Furthermore, a series of durability tests find the DNA gels are hysteresis-less and self-healable after the applications of repeated temperature and mechanical stimuli. These results demonstrate the great potential of star-polymer-DNA precursors for building gels with predictable and tunable viscoelastic properties, suitable for applications such as stress-response extracellular matrices, injectable solids, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohira
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Takata
- Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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10
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Nicolella P, Koziol MF, Löser L, Saalwächter K, Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Defect-controlled softness, diffusive permeability, and mesh-topology of metallo-supramolecular hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1071-1081. [PMID: 35029258 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are polymer networks swollen in water; they are suitable materials for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. In the latter, the controlled diffusion of small diffusants inside the network is essential, as it determines the release mechanism of the drug. In general, the diffusion inside a polymer network is controlled by its mesh-size. Here, we actively control the diffusivity and also the softness of metallo-supramolecular hydrogels via the network mesh-topology by introducing connectivity defects. A model polymer network is realized based on a 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (pEG) where each arm is capped with terpyridine moieties that are capable of forming metallo-supramolecular complexes with zinc ions. In this model network, we insert 8-arm pEG macromolecules that are functionalized with terpyridine at different ratios to create connectivity defects. With an increasing amount of 8-arm pEG, the polymer network forms more loops, as quantified by double quantum-NMR. This doped network shows an enhanced self-diffusivity of the building block molecules within the network, as examined by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and a higher softness, as investigated by oscillatory shear rheology. With these findings, we show that it is possible to tune the diffusivity and softness of hydrogels with defects in a rational fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolella
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martha Franziska Koziol
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lucas Löser
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Wu X, Liu M, Zhong J, Zhong YT, Rong J, Gao F, Qiao Y, Shen L, He H. Self-healing dynamic bond-based robust polyurethane acrylate hybrid polymers. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01439d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a self-healing hybrid polyurethane acrylate was prepared by solution polymerization of acrylic monomers (2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate/butyl acrylate mixture) in the presence of performed polyurethane chains containing aliphatic disulfide bonds with terminal...
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12
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Nakagawa S, Yoshie N. Star polymer networks: a toolbox for cross-linked polymers with controlled structure. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of precisely controlled polymer networks has been a long-cherished dream of polymer scientists. Traditional random cross-linking strategies often lead to uncontrolled networks with various kinds of defects. Recent...
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13
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Rao A, Ramírez J, Olsen BD. Mechanisms of Self-Diffusion of Linear Associative Polymers Studied by Brownian Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Liu T, Huang H, Wang Y, Yu J, Hu Z. Super Strong and Tough Polybenzimidazole/Metal Ions Coordination Networks: Reinforcing Mechanism, Recyclability, and Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100643. [PMID: 34755405 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nature has provided many delicate strategies for optimizing the structural characteristics of biological materials. One such strategy is the strengthening and toughening of matrix materials by aduandant and hierarchically arranged non-covalent crosslinking. However, efficient strengthening and toughening of high-performance aromatic polymers by non-covalent bonds has rarely been reported yet. Herein, we report the preparation and characterizations of a metal coordination bonds crosslinked polybenzimidazole (PBI) network. By optimizing the synthetic parameters, the strength of copper ion (Cu2+ ) crosslinked PBI is improved from 87.8 to 218.4 MPa, and the toughness is increased from 19.4 to 111.9 MJ m-3 , corresponding to increments of 148.7 % and 476.8 %, respectively, which surpass all previously reported non-covalent bonds crosslinked high-performance polymers. PBI with varied chain flexibility are then synthesized to deeply understand the stregnening and toughening mechanism. In addition, the glass transition temperature of PBI is dramatically increased by 75 °C after Cu2+ crosslinking. Moreover, the chemical recycling of PBI from crosslinekd network, and the development of a novel high-temperature resistant or high-temperature rewritable anti-counterfeiting films based on Cu2+ crosslinked PBI are also demonstrated. This study is expected to shed light on design principle for future supramolecularly crosslinked and recyclable high-performance polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of High Performance fibers & products, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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15
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Mahmad Rasid I, Do C, Holten-Andersen N, Olsen BD. Effect of sticker clustering on the dynamics of associative networks. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8960-8972. [PMID: 34553209 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical work has shown that sticker clustering can be used to enhance properties such as toughness and creep resistance of polymer networks. While it is clear that the changes in properties are related to a change in network topology, the mechanistic relationship is still not well understood. In this work, the effect of sticker clustering was investigated by comparing the dynamics of random copolymers with those where the stickers are clustered at the ends of the chain in the unentangled regime using both linear mechanics and diffusion measurements. Copolymers of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and pendant histidine groups were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The clustered polymers were synthesized using a bifunctional RAFT agent, such that the midblock consisted of PDMA and the two end blocks were random copolymers of DMA and the histidine-functionalized monomer. Upon addition of Ni ions, transient metal-coordinate crosslinks are formed as histidine-Ni complexes. Combined studies of rheology, neutron scattering and self-diffusion measurements using forced Rayleigh scattering revealed changes to the network topology and stress relaxation modes. The network topology is proposed to consist of aggregates of the histidine-Ni complexes bridged by the non-associative midblock. Therefore, stress relaxation requires the cooperative dissociation of multiple bonds, resulting in increased relaxation times. The increased relaxation times, however, were accompanied by faster diffusion. This is attributed to the presence of defects such as elastically inactive chain loops. This study demonstrates that the effects of cooperative sticker dissociation can be observed even in the presence of a significant fraction of loop defects which are known to alter the nonlinear properties of conventional telechelic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mahmad Rasid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Niels Holten-Andersen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Breul K, Kissel S, Seiffert S. Sticker Multivalency in Metallo-supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breul
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kissel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Bercea M, Gradinaru LM, Barbalata-Mandru M, Vlad S, Nita LE, Plugariu IA, Albulescu R. Shear flow of associative polymers in aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nicolella P, Lauxen D, Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Reversible Hydrogels with Switchable Diffusive Permeability. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolella
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz D‐ 55128 Germany
| | - Daniel Lauxen
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz D‐ 55128 Germany
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz D‐ 55128 Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz D‐ 55128 Germany
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Direct Evidence of Heteroleptic Complexation in the Macroscopic Dynamics of Metallo-supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Neumann LN, Oveisi E, Petzold A, Style RW, Thurn-Albrecht T, Weder C, Schrettl S. Dynamics and healing behavior of metallosupramolecular polymers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabe4154. [PMID: 33910908 PMCID: PMC8081362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing or healable polymers can recuperate their function after physical damage. This process involves diffusion of macromolecules across severed interfaces until the structure of the interphase matches that of the pristine material. However, monitoring this nanoscale process and relating it to the mechanical recovery remain elusive. We report that studying diffusion across healed interfaces and a correlation of contact time, diffusion depth, and mechanical properties is possible when two metallosupramolecular polymers assembled with different lanthanoid salts are mended. The materials used display similar properties, while the metal ions can be tracked with high spatial resolution by energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum imaging. We find that healing actual defects requires an interphase thickness in excess of 100 nm, 10 times more than previously established for self-adhesion of smooth films of glassy polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Neumann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht Petzold
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert W Style
- Department of Materials, Soft and Living Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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22
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Tagliabue A, Landsgesell J, Mella M, Holm C. Can oppositely charged polyelectrolyte stars form a gel? A simulational study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1574-1588. [PMID: 33351002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a Langevin molecular dynamics study of an equimolar mixture of monodispersed oppositely charged di-block four-armed polyelectrolyte stars. We used an implicit solvent coarse-grained representation of the polyelectrolyte stars, and varied the length of the terminal charged blocks that reside on each arm. By varying the polymer concentration, we computed PV diagrams and determined the free-swelling equilibrium concentration with respect to a pure water reservoir as a function of the charged block length. We investigated various structural properties of the resulting equilibrium structures, like the number of ionic bonds, dangling arms, isolated stars, and cluster sizes. The ionic bonds featured a broad distribution of the number of arms involved and also displayed a distribution of net charges peaked around the neutral ionic bond. Our main result is that for charged block length equal to 4 and 5 ionized beads the resulting macro-aggregate spans the box and forms a network phase. Furthermore, we investigated the restructuring dynamics of ionic bonds; the results suggested both short bond lifetimes and a high frequency of ballistic association/dissociation events. Bonds result strong enough to yield a stable gel phase, but they are still weak enough to allow network restructuring under thermal fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tagliabue
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Jonas Landsgesell
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany.
| | - Massimo Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany.
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23
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Coordination Geometry Preference Regulates the Structure and Dynamics of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Breul K, Seiffert S. Amphiphilic poly(ether urethanes) carrying associative terpyridine side groups with controlled spacing. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis for metallo-supramolecular crosslinkable polyurethanes with uniform vs. random sticker spacings is presented to study how sticker density and distribution affect the mechanical properties of the corresponding gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breul
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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25
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Yepremyan A, Osamudiamen A, Brook MA, Feinle A. Dynamically tuning transient silicone polymer networks with hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13555-13558. [PMID: 33048066 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are composed of non-covalently connected chains and characterized by high chain dynamics. The viscoelastic behavior of supramolecular telechelic sugar-siloxanes - ranging from solids to viscous fluids able to form transient polymer networks - is readily tuned by the fraction of internal HO groups that can intermolecularly form hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akop Yepremyan
- McMaster University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
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26
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Thompson CB, Korley LTJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Engineering Supramolecular Materials for Responsive Applications-Design and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1198-1216. [PMID: 35638621 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers allow access to dynamic materials, where noncovalent interactions can be used to offer both enhanced material toughness and stimuli-responsiveness. The versatility of self-assembly has enabled these supramolecular motifs to be incorporated into a wide array of glassy and elastomeric materials; moreover, the interaction of these noncovalent motifs with their environment has shown to be a convenient platform for controlling material properties. In this Viewpoint, supramolecular polymers are examined through their self-assembly chemistries, approaches that can be used to control their self-assembly (e.g., covalent cross-links, nanofillers, etc.), and how the strategic application of supramolecular polymers can be used as a platform for designing the next generation of smart materials. This Viewpoint provides an overview of the aspects that have garnered interest in supramolecular polymer chemistry, while also highlighting challenges faced and innovations developed by researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase B. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 127 The Green, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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27
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Xu X, Jerca FA, Jerca VV, Hoogenboom R. Self-Healing and Moldable Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on a Transient Metal Coordination Network. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Florica Adriana Jerca
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Centre of Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitzescu” Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Centre of Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitzescu” Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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28
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Zhang R, Zhang C, Yang Z, Wu Q, Sun P, Wang X. Hierarchical Dynamics in a Transient Polymer Network Cross-Linked by Orthogonal Dynamic Bonds. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Pingchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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29
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Efficiency range of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction to induce the self-organization of transient bonds in metallo-supramolecular polymeric systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14965-14975. [PMID: 32588852 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The periodic change of the oxidation state of the metal catalyst in the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has been reported to establish a periodic organization of metallo-supramolecular bonds in polymeric systems, which results in autonomous viscosity oscillations. To appraise the possible extent of quantitative control on the viscosity oscillation features, we assess how the kinetics of the BZ reaction affects the periodic self-organization of the metal-ligand coordination, and vice versa. Our model system includes mono-, bis-, and tetra-functional polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precursors end grafted with terpyridine ligands that are complexed with ruthenium ions, which oscillate between Ru2+ and Ru3+ oxidation states in the BZ reaction medium. The control parameters are divided into microscopic factors, which are responsible for the local reaction rate, and mesoscopic factors, which are responsible for the spatial distribution of the concentration patterns. The reactant concentrations are found to nonlinearly control the amplitude and periods of reduction and oxidation phases, independent of the precursor functionalization degree. An increased medium viscosity, and therewith cease of mixing, accelerates the reaction rate by localization of the reaction phases, even though the diffusion of reaction intermediates causes a periodic chemical wave with distinct harmonics. Time-course viscosity measurements of the tetra-arm precursors in the BZ medium demonstrate an initial overshoot followed by minor oscillations around a plateau that is significantly lower than the viscosity of an equivalent fully associated network. Apparently, the slow association kinetics of Ru2+-bis(terpyridine) limits the frequency and the extent of self-organization, and this way, avoids full establishment of the expected viscosity oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. and Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Grad EM, Tunn I, Voerman D, de Léon AS, Hammink R, Blank KG. Influence of Network Topology on the Viscoelastic Properties of Dynamically Crosslinked Hydrogels. Front Chem 2020; 8:536. [PMID: 32719773 PMCID: PMC7349520 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological materials combine stress relaxation and self-healing with non-linear stress-strain responses. These characteristic features are a direct result of hierarchical self-assembly, which often results in fiber-like architectures. Even though structural knowledge is rapidly increasing, it has remained a challenge to establish relationships between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function. Here, we focus on understanding how network topology determines the viscoelastic properties, i.e., stress relaxation, of biomimetic hydrogels. We have dynamically crosslinked two different synthetic polymers with one and the same crosslink. The first polymer, a polyisocyanopeptide (PIC), self-assembles into semi-flexible, fiber-like bundles, and thus displays stress-stiffening, similar to many biopolymer networks. The second polymer, 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG), serves as a reference network with well-characterized structural and viscoelastic properties. Using one and the same coiled coil crosslink allows us to decouple the effects of crosslink kinetics and network topology on the stress relaxation behavior of the resulting hydrogel networks. We show that the fiber-containing PIC network displays a relaxation time approximately two orders of magnitude slower than the starPEG network. This reveals that crosslink kinetics is not the only determinant for stress relaxation. Instead, we propose that the different network topologies determine the ability of elastically active network chains to relax stress. In the starPEG network, each elastically active chain contains exactly one crosslink. In the absence of entanglements, crosslink dissociation thus relaxes the entire chain. In contrast, each polymer is crosslinked to the fiber bundle in multiple positions in the PIC hydrogel. The dissociation of a single crosslink is thus not sufficient for chain relaxation. This suggests that tuning the number of crosslinks per elastically active chain in combination with crosslink kinetics is a powerful design principle for tuning stress relaxation in polymeric materials. The presence of a higher number of crosslinks per elastically active chain thus yields materials with a slow macroscopic relaxation time but fast dynamics at the microscopic level. Using this principle for the design of synthetic cell culture matrices will yield materials with excellent long-term stability combined with the ability to locally reorganize, thus facilitating cell motility, spreading, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Grad
- Mechano(bio) Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Materials, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Isabell Tunn
- Mechano(bio) Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dion Voerman
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alberto S. de Léon
- Mechano(bio) Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Division of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Mechano(bio) Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Molecular Materials, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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31
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Thermodynamic control over energy dissipation modes in dual-network hydrogels based on metal-ligand coordination. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2332-2341. [PMID: 32053126 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern polymeric hydrogels use reversible bonds to mimic biological functionalities. However, true biological materials benefit from several supramolecular elements and deliver multiple functions at the same time. To approach similar creation and control of multiple different functional elements in a synthetic soft material, we develop a model dual-network hydrogel in which multiple energy dissipating modes are formed by metal-ligand coordination and regulated by their association thermodynamics. This idea is realized by using linear and tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) precursors with complementary reactive end groups. The former also carries terpyridine ligands on both ends, which form metallo-supramolecular bonds upon addition of metal ions. Multiple relaxation modes are provided by a combination of different metal ions. The timescale and amplitude of energy dissipating elements are characterized by oscillatory shear deformation. These studies suggest that the composition of metal ions controls the contribution of the corresponding relaxation modes in a linear fashion. A molecular-level confirmation is provided by following the UV-vis absorbance of the linear precursor in combination with mixtures of metal ions, accompanied by a theoretical study on the kinetics of the reversible association process. These results show that the linearity of the aforementioned dependence holds for such systems in which the utilized combination of metal ions and ligands exclusively form stable bis-complexes. By contrast, in many other cases, especially when the ions may compete to form mono-, bis-, or tris-complexes with the ligand, deviation from linearity is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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32
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Dynamic Model Metallo‐Supramolecular Dual‐Network Hydrogels with Independently Tunable Network Crosslinks. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color TechnologyAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz D‐55128 Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz D‐55128 Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz Germany
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33
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Golkaram M, Loos K. A Critical Approach to Polymer Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9427-9444. [PMID: 31894159 PMCID: PMC6933822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concurrent (1) development of polymer synthesis and (2) introduction of new mathematical models for polymer dynamics have evolved the classical framework for polymer dynamics once established by Doi-Edwards/de Gennes. Although the analysis of supramolecular polymer dynamics based on linear rheology has improved a lot recently, there are a large number of insecurities behind the conclusions, which originate from the complexity of these novel systems. The interdependent effect of supramolecular entities (stickers) and chain dynamics can be overwhelming depending on the type and location of stickers as well as the architecture and chemistry of polymers. This Perspective illustrates these parameters and strives to determine what is still missing and has to be improved in the future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Ahmadi M, Löser L, Fischer K, Saalwächter K, Seiffert S. Connectivity Defects and Collective Assemblies in Model Metallo‐Supramolecular Dual‐Network Hydrogels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lucas Löser
- Institut für Physik‐NMR Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Betty‐Heimann‐Str. 7 D‐06120 Halle Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik‐NMR Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Betty‐Heimann‐Str. 7 D‐06120 Halle Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
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35
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Schmolke W, Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Enhancement of metallo-supramolecular dissociation kinetics in telechelic terpyridine-capped poly(ethylene glycol) assemblies in the semi-dilute regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19623-19638. [PMID: 31465047 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of supramolecular polymer assemblies is governed by that of their polymeric building blocks and that of the transient bonds between them. Entrapment of such bonds by topological crowding often causes renormalization of the bond lifetimes towards prolonging. In the present study, by contrast, we show that this effect can also be inverse in the case of telechelic metallo-supramolecular polymers in semi-dilute solution. We focus on linear poly(ethylene glycols) capped by terpyridine binding motifs at both ends that can form metal-ligand coordinative bonds with various transition metal ions, thereby creating transient metallo-supramolecular assemblies of varying length and binding strength. Oscillatory shear rheology measurements along with theoretical modelling of the mechanical spectra of these samples reveals a pronounced enhancement of the complex dissociation kinetics that is dependent on the length of the polymeric chain segment, with longer segments yielding faster dissociation times up to six orders of magnitude shorter than described for the free complexes. This finding indicates that the dynamic activity of the polymer chain itself causes complex destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Schmolke
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Ahmadi
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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36
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Wang Y, Santos PJ, Kubiak JM, Guo X, Lee MS, Macfarlane RJ. Multistimuli Responsive Nanocomposite Tectons for Pathway Dependent Self-Assembly and Acceleration of Covalent Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13234-13243. [PMID: 31357862 PMCID: PMC6727667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite tectons (NCTs) are a recently developed building block for polymer-nanoparticle composite synthesis, consisting of nanoparticle cores functionalized with dense monolayers of polymer chains that terminate in supramolecular recognition groups capable of linking NCTs into hierarchical structures. In principle, the use of molecular binding to guide particle assembly allows NCTs to be highly modular in design, with independent control over the composition of the particle core and polymer brush. However, a major challenge to realize an array of compositionally and structurally varied NCT-based materials is the development of different supramolecular bonding interactions to control NCT assembly, as well as an understanding of how the organization of multiple supramolecular groups around a nanoparticle scaffold affects their collective binding interactions. Here, we present a suite of rationally designed NCT systems, where multiple types of supramolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, metal complexation, and dynamic covalent bond formation) are used to tune NCT assembly as a function of multiple external stimuli including temperature, small molecules, pH, and light. Furthermore, the incorporation of multiple orthogonal supramolecular chemistries in a single NCT system makes it possible to dictate the morphologies of the assembled NCTs in a pathway-dependent fashion. Finally, multistimuli responsive NCTs enable the modification of composite properties by postassembly functionalization, where NCTs linked by covalent bonds with significantly enhanced stability are obtained in a fast and efficient manner. The designs presented here therefore provide major advancement for the field of composite synthesis by establishing a framework for synthesizing hierarchically ordered composites capable of complicated assembly behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter J. Santos
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua M. Kubiak
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinheng Guo
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Margaret S. Lee
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J. Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Kim J, Lee D. Crisscrossing coordination networks: ligand doping to control the chemomechanical properties of stimuli-responsive metallogels. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3864-3872. [PMID: 31015928 PMCID: PMC6461021 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallogels respond to external stimuli by changing their mechanical properties. To gain a fine control over this phase-shifting event, we have designed and introduced intentional structural mismatches into the otherwise tightly knit metal-organic networks. Built using biphenolate-derived multidirectional/multidentate ligands, these soft materials display markedly different rheological properties depending on the level of "ligand doping", as well as the type of metal ion serving as a key structural support. A zinc metallogel optimized through this process responds to acids, both in the gas stream and liquid phase, by a rapid gel-sol transition and visually discernible colour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea .
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea .
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38
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Goldansaz H, Jangizehi A, Nikravan G, Verkinderen O, Goderis B, Ghaffarian SR, van Ruymbeke E, Ahmadi M. Rheological modifiers based on supramolecular block copolymers: From weak associations to interconnected micelles. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Koziol M, Fischer K, Seiffert S. Origin of the low-frequency plateau and the light-scattering slow mode in semidilute poly(ethylene glycol) solutions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2666-2676. [PMID: 30839030 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A low-frequency plateau is often found in the rheological spectra of various kinds of semidilute solutions of polymers and other colloids; also, many such solutions have been reported to show slow-modes in their dynamic light scattering autocorrelation functions. Both these observations may lead to the hypothesis of weak associative network structures built by the dissolved polymer chains or colloidal building blocks. To challenge this hypothesis, we conduct a series of comparative studies on semidilute solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) by using classical rheology as well as passive microrheology based on dynamic light scattering, along with structural studies using static light scattering. Although we indeed find a low-frequency plateau using classical shear rheology, even at elevated temperatures where potential polymer aggregates should be broken, no such plateau is observed in any of our microrheology experiments. Also, dynamic and static light scattering studies on the polymer solutions do not confirm the presence of larger structural entities: no slow mode can be detected in the autocorrelation function of the scattering intensity signal, and this signal is angle independent if the samples are purified by a thorough procedure of filtration. Based on these findings, we conclude that the low-frequency plateau in classical rheology results is an instrument effect caused by erroneous recording of the phase angle, although the magnitude of the torque lies well within the resolution of the rheometer. We also conclude that slow modes in dynamic light scattering on solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) are impurity-based artifacts rather than due to actual associated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Koziol
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Schnaubelt L, Petzold H, Hörner G, Rüffer T, Klein N, Lang H. Tailoring of the Frontier Orbital Character in Co
2+/3+
Complexes with Triarylamine Substituted Terpyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schnaubelt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Holm Petzold
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Niels Klein
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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41
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Hess M, Roeben E, Habicht A, Seiffert S, Schmidt AM. Local dynamics in supramolecular polymer networks probed by magnetic particle nanorheology. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:842-850. [PMID: 30608500 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01802b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transient supramolecular polymer networks are promising candidates as soft self-healing or stimuli-sensitive materials. In this paper, we employ a novel nanorheological approach, magnetic particle nanorheology (MPN), in order to better understand the local dynamic properties of model supramolecular networks from a molecular point of view. Hence, the bond strength between four-arm star-shaped polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized at the four extremities with terpyridine ligands is tuned by implementing different metal ions with variable complexation affinities for the ligand. We show that MNP allows for the evaluation of the strength and connectivity of the polymer networks by the estimation of relaxation times, mesh size, and also the viscoelastic properties of these materials. These results are compared and complemented to former outcomes on these systems that were obtained by macroscopic analytical methods. A clear dependence between the strength of the metal-ligand complex and the local dynamics of the polymeric network is observed by the nanorheological approach, which is in good agreement with previous predictions related to the complex formation constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hess
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
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42
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Martinetti L, Carey-De La Torre O, Schweizer KS, Ewoldt RH. Inferring the Nonlinear Mechanisms of a Reversible Network. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Xu P, Lin J, Zhang L. Supramolecular multicompartment gels formed by ABC graft copolymers: high toughness and recovery properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15995-16004. [PMID: 29850677 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We conceptually design multicompartment gels with supramolecular characteristics by taking advantage of amphiphilic ABC graft copolymers. The ABC graft copolymers contain a solvophilic A backbone and solvophobic B and C grafts, where the C grafts interact with each other via hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties of supramolecular multicompartment gels under uniaxial tension are studied by coupling dissipative particle dynamics simulations with the nonequilibrium deformation technique. The results show that the supramolecular multicompartment gels exhibit high toughness and recovery properties, while their stiffness is maintained. Due to the physical origin, the superior mechanical properties of supramolecular gels have a tight relation with the structural relaxation of grafts and the association-disassociation dynamics of hydrogen bonds. In addition, the toughness of the multicompartment gels can be further tuned by adjusting the strength and directivity of the hydrogen bonds. The present work unveils the physical origin of the distinct mechanical properties of supramolecular gels, which may provide useful guidance for designing functional gels with superior toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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44
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Ramirez J, Dursch TJ, Olsen BD. A Molecular Explanation for Anomalous Diffusion in Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas J. Dursch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Lopez-Perez PM, da Silva RMP, Strehin I, Kouwer PHJ, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Messersmith PB. Self-healing hydrogels formed by complexation between calcium ions and bisphosphonate-functionalized star-shaped polymers. Macromolecules 2017; 50:8698-8706. [PMID: 29403089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain termini were functionalized with alendronate to create transient networks with reversible crosslinks upon addition of calcium ions. The gelation ability of alendronate-functionalized PEG was greatly dependent on the number of arms and arm molecular weight. After mixing polymer and calcium solutions, the formed hydrogels could be cut and then brought back together without any visible interface. After 2 minutes of contact, their connection was strong enough to allow for stretching without tearing through the previous fracture surface. Oscillatory rheology showed that the hydrogels recovered between 70 and 100% of the original storage and loss modulus after rupture. Frequency sweep measurements revealed a liquid-like behavior at lower frequencies and solid-like at high frequencies. Shifting frequency curves obtained at different calcium and polymer concentrations, all data collapsed in a single common master curve. This time-concentration superposition reveals a common relaxation mechanism intrinsically connected to the calcium-bisphosphonate complexation equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Lopez-Perez
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo M P da Silva
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Iossif Strehin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paul H J Kouwer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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46
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Brassinne J, Fustin CA, Gohy JF. Control over the assembly and rheology of supramolecular networks via multi-responsive double hydrophilic copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An orthogonal control over network formation and dynamics is achieved in metallo-supramolecular micellar gels via multi-responsive double hydrophilic copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Brassinne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Division of Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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47
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Tang S, Olsen BD. Relaxation Processes in Supramolecular Metallogels Based on Histidine–Nickel Coordination Bonds. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengchang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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48
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Grindy SC, Lenz M, Holten-Andersen N. Engineering Elasticity and Relaxation Time in Metal-Coordinate Cross-Linked Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Grindy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Lenz
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique
et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Niels Holten-Andersen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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49
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Habicht A, Czarnecki S, Rossow T, Seiffert S. Connectivity defects enhance chain dynamics in supramolecular polymer model-network gels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Habicht
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz D-55128 Germany
| | - Sebastian Czarnecki
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 Berlin D-14195 Germany
| | - Torsten Rossow
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Takustr. 3 Berlin D-14195 Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz D-55128 Germany
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50
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Amin D, Likhtman AE, Wang Z. Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymer Networks Formed by Associating Telechelic Chains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Amin
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
| | - Alexei E. Likhtman
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical, Physical
and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, U.K
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