1
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Kim S, Zhou X, Li Y, Yang Q, Liu X, Graf R, Blom PWM, Ferguson CTJ, Landfester K. Size-Dependent Photocatalytic Reactivity of Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404054. [PMID: 38925104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Particle size is a critical factor for improving photocatalytic reactivity of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as mass transfer in the porous materials is often the rate-limiting step. However, due to the synthetic challenge of controlling the size of CMPs, the impact of particle size is yet to be investigated. To address this problem, a simple and versatile dispersion polymerization route that can synthesize dispersible CMP nanoparticles with controlled size from 15 to 180 nm is proposed. Leveraging the precise control of the size, it is demonstrated that smaller CMP nanoparticles have dramatically higher photocatalytic reactivity in various organic transformations, achieving more than 1000% enhancement in the reaction rates by decreasing the size from 180 to 15 nm. The size-dependent photocatalytic reactivity is further scrutinized using a kinetic model and transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing that only the initial 5 nm-thick surface layer of CMP nanoparticles is involved in the photocatalytic reactions because of internal mass transfer limitations. This finding substantiates the potential of small CMP nanoparticles to efficiently use photo-generated excitons and improve energy-efficiency of numerous photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xin Zhou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yungui Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Calum T J Ferguson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Deng Z, Liang X, Gillies ER. Click to Self-immolation: A "Click" Functionalization Strategy towards Triggerable Self-Immolative Homopolymers and Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317063. [PMID: 38029347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are a class of degradable macromolecules that undergo stimuli-triggered head-to-tail depolymerization. However, a general approach to readily end-functionalize SIP precursors for programmed degradation remains elusive, restricting access to complex, functional SIP-based materials. Here we present a "click to self-immolation" strategy based on aroyl azide-capped SIP precursors, enabling the facile construction of diverse SIPs with different trigger units through a Curtius rearrangement and alcohol/thiol-isocyanate "click" reaction. This strategy is also applied to polymer-polymer coupling to access fully depolymerizable block copolymer amphiphiles, even combining different SIP backbones. Our results demonstrate that the depolymerization can be actuated efficiently under physiologically-relevant conditions by the removal of the trigger units and ensuing self-immolation of the p-aminobenzyl carbonate linkage, indicating promise for controlled release applications involving nanoparticles and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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3
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Mathew J, Ru-Hung, Le TN, Pham HP, Kumar P, Lee CK, Shunmugam R, Rao NV. ROS-responsive camptothecin-linked thioketal drug delivery system based on ring-closing polymerization. Eur Polym J 2024; 202:112646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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4
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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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5
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Maeng S, Park SJ, Lee J, Lee H, Choi J, Kang JK, Cho H. Direct photocatalytic patterning of colloidal emissive nanomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6950. [PMID: 37585523 PMCID: PMC10431700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a universal direct photocatalytic patterning method that can completely preserve the optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) and other emissive nanomaterials. Solubility change of PeNCs is achieved mainly by a photoinduced thiol-ene click reaction between specially tailored surface ligands and a dual-role photocatalytic reagent, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PTMP), where the thiol-ene reaction is enabled at a low light intensity dose (~ 30 millijoules per square centimeter) by the strong photocatalytic activity of PeNCs. The photochemical reaction mechanism was investigated using various analyses at each patterning step. The PTMP also acts as a defect passivation agent for the PeNCs and even enhances their photoluminescence quantum yield (by ~5%) and photostability. Multicolor patterns of cesium lead halide (CsPbX3)PeNCs were fabricated with high resolution (<1 micrometer). Our method is widely applicable to other classes of nanomaterials including colloidal cadmium selenide-based and indium phosphide-based quantum dots and light-emitting polymers; this generality provides a nondestructive and simple way to pattern various functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaehwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungdoh Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghui Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Qu Z, Ji X, Tian L, Mao G, Deng GJ, Huang H. TBHP-mediated photochemical coupling/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with thiols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:940-944. [PMID: 36602241 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effective photoredox-mediated oxidative thiolation and cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with thiols leads to biologically interesting 3-thionated oxindoles through C-S and C-C bond formation. This process represents a straightforward reaction that starts from non-prefunctionalized thiolating reagents. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the TBHP serves as a key radical initiator with visible-light catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Qu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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7
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Chethalen RJ, Fastow EJ, Coughlin EB, Winey KI. Thiol-ene Click Chemistry Incorporates Hydroxyl Functionality on Polycyclooctene to Tune Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:107-112. [PMID: 36603198 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefins compose the majority of plastic waste, but conventional mechanical recycling degrades their properties, thereby reducing their value. We report the functionalization of a model for dehydrogenated polyethylene, polycyclooctene (PCOE), with thiol-ene click chemistry to install pendant hydroxyl ethyl thioethers. Functionalization of PCOE using mercaptoethanol via thiol-ene click chemistry yielded functionalization between 1.4 and 22.9% based on ethylene monomeric units. Reactions were well-controlled by varying the reagent stoichiometry and reaction time. Crystallinity and melting temperature decreased, and glass transition temperature increased with greater functionalization. Contact angle measurements reveal an increase in surface polarity with functionalization. Comparisons with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) show comparable surface polarity at similar levels of alcohol functionalization. At 12% functionalization, the ultimate shear stress (USS) of functionalized PCOE in an adhesive configuration is 4.10 ± 0.48 MPa, comparable to EVOH. At >12% functionalization, the failure mode changed from adhesive to mixed adhesive-cohesive, and the USS decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni John Chethalen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eli J Fastow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - E Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Recent advances in surface modification of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings treated by non-biodegradable polymers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Drobota M, Ursache S, Aflori M. Surface Functionalities of Polymers for Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122307. [PMID: 35745883 PMCID: PMC9229900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of a material biointerface allow for specialized cell signaling and diverse biological responses. Biomaterials incorporating immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in order to develop biomaterials with improved functionality. Furthermore, a variety of physical and chemical techniques have been utilized to improve biomaterial functionality, particularly at the material interface. At the interface level, the interactions between materials and cells are described. The importance of surface features in cell function is then examined, with new strategies for surface modification being highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ursache
- Innovative Green Power, No. 5 Iancu Bacalu Street, 700029 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Kumar R, Sayala KD, Tang H, Tsarevsky NV. Hypervalent
Iodine‐Based
Initiators and Efficient Chain Transfer Agents for the Synthesis of Branched Polymers from Crosslinkers. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas Texas 75275
| | - Kapil Dev Sayala
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas Texas 75275
| | - Houliang Tang
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas Texas 75275
| | - Nicolay V. Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas Texas 75275
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11
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Wu Y, Simpson MC, Jin J. 3D Printing of Thiol‐Yne Photoresins through Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Dunedin New Zealand
| | - M. Cather Simpson
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Department of Physics The University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Photon Factory The University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Dunedin New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Dunedin New Zealand
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12
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13
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Liu X, Bai R, Guo Z, Che Y, Guo C, Xing H. Photogeneration of thiyl radicals using metal‐halide perovskite for highly efficient synthesis of thioethers. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Rong Bai
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Zhifen Guo
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yan Che
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Hongzhu Xing
- College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun China
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14
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Samal S, Schmitt A, Thompson BC. Contrasting the Charge Carrier Mobility of Isotactic, Syndiotactic, and Atactic Poly(( N-carbazolylethylthio)propyl methacrylate). ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1493-1500. [PMID: 35549131 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isotactic nonconjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) have recently shown potential to achieve comparable charge carrier mobilities with conjugated polymers. Here we report the broader influence of tacticity in NCPEPs, using poly((N-carbazolylethylthio)propyl methacrylate) (PCzETPMA) as a model polymer. We utilized the thiol-ene reaction as an efficient postpolymerization functionalization method to achieve pendant polymers with high isotacticity and syndiotacticity. We found that a stereoregular isotactic polymer showed ∼100 times increased hole mobility (μh) as compared to both atactic and low molecular weight syndiotactic PCzETPMA, achieving μh of 2.19 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 after annealing at 120 °C. High molecular weight syndiotactic PCzETPMA gave ∼10 times higher μh than its atactic counterpart, comparable to isotactic PCzETPMA after annealing at 150 °C. Importantly, high molecular weight syndiotactic PCzETPMA showed a dramatic increase in μh to 1.82 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 when measured after annealing at 210 °C, which surpassed the well-known conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (μh = 4.51 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). MD simulations indicated short-range π-π stacked ordering in the case of stereoregular isotactic and syndiotactic polymers. This work is the first report of charge carrier mobilities in syndiotactic NCPEPs and demonstrates that the tacticity, annealing conditions, and molecular weight of NCPEPs can strongly affect μh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Alexander Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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16
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Le CMQ, Schrodj G, Ndao I, Bessif B, Heck B, Pfohl T, Reiter G, Elgoyhen J, Tomovska R, Chemtob A. Semi-Crystalline Poly(thioether) Prepared by Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalyzed Thiol-ene Polymerization in Emulsion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100740. [PMID: 34890084 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic thiol-ene aqueous emulsion polymerization under visible-light is described to prepare linear semicrystalline latexes using 2,2'-dimercaptodiethyl sulfide as dithiol and various dienes. The procedure involves low irradiance (3 mW cm-2 ), LED irradiation source, eosin-Y disodium as organocatalyst, low catalyst loading (<0.05% mol), and short reaction time scales (<1 h). The resulting latexes have molecular weights of about 10 kg mol-1 , average diameters of 100 nm, and a linear structure consisting only of thioether repeating units. Electron-transfer reaction from a thiol to the triplet excited state of the photocatalyst is suggested as the primary step of the mechanism (type I), whereas oxidation by singlet oxygen generated by energy transfer has a negligible effect (type II). Only polymers prepared with aliphatic dienes such as diallyl adipate or di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether exhibit a high crystallization tendency as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Ordering and crystallization are driven by molecular packing of poly(thioether) chains combining structural regularity, compactness, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Minh Quoc Le
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
| | - Gautier Schrodj
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
| | - Ibrahima Ndao
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
| | - Brahim Bessif
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Justine Elgoyhen
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa, 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa, 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M) UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse, Cedex, 68057, France
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17
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Palucci B, Zanchin G, Ricci G, Vendier L, Lorber C, Leone G. Vanadium-Catalyzed Terpolymerization of α,ω-Dienes with Ethylene and Cyclic Olefins: Ready Access to Polar-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Palucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanchin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
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18
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A versatile ring-closure method for efficient synthesis of cyclic polymer and tadpole-shaped copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Soares FA, Steinbüchel A. Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches for Post-Polymerization Modifications of Diene Rubbers: Current state and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100261. [PMID: 34528407 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diene rubbers are polymeric materials which present elastic properties and have double bonds in the macromolecular backbone after the polymerization process. Post-polymerization modifications of rubbers can be conducted by enzymatic or chemical methods. Enzymes are environmentally friendly catalysts and with the increasing demand for rubber waste management, biodegradation and biomodifications have become hot topics of research. Some rubbers are renewable materials and are a source of organic molecules, and biodegradation can be conducted to obtain either oligomers or monomers. On the other hand, chemical modifications of rubbers by click-chemistry are important strategies for the creation and combination of new materials. In a way to expand the scope of uses to other non-traditional applications, several and effective modifications can be conducted with diene rubbers. Two groups of efficient tools, enzymatic, and chemical modifications in diene rubbers, are summarized in this review. By analyzing stereochemical and reactivity aspects, the authors also point to some applications perspectives for biodegradation products and to rational modifications of diene rubbers by combining both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciela Arenhart Soares
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
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20
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Zhang WB, Luo J, Wang YM, Zhu XZ, Zhang C, Liu J, Ni ML, Zhang GH. Hydroxyl-terminated Polyethylenes Bearing Functional Side Groups: Facile Synthesis and Their Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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22
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Wang Z, Wang J, Ayarza J, Steeves T, Hu Z, Manna S, Esser-Kahn AP. Bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials through vibration-induced crosslinking. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:869-874. [PMID: 33619367 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, bone adapts to mechanical forces it experiences, strengthening itself to match the conditions placed upon it. Here we report a composite material that adapts to the mechanical environment it experiences-varying its modulus as a function of force, time and the frequency of mechanical agitation. Adaptation in the material is managed by mechanically responsive ZnO, which controls a crosslinking reaction between a thiol and an alkene within a polymer composite gel, resulting in a mechanically driven ×66 increase in modulus. As the amount of chemical energy is a function of the mechanical energy input, the material senses and adapts its modulus along the distribution of stress, resembling the bone remodelling behaviour that materials can adapt accordingly to the loading location. Such material design might find use in a wide range of applications, from adhesives to materials that interface with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Ayarza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Steeves
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Multifunctional polymeric micellar nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112186. [PMID: 34082985 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are a prevalent topic of research for the past decade, especially concerning their fitting ability to deliver drug and diagnostic agents. This delivery system offers outstanding advantages, such as biocompatibility, high loading efficiency, water-solubility, and good stability in biological fluids, to name a few. The multifunctional polymeric micellar architect offers the added capability to adapt its surface to meet the looked-for clinical needs. This review cross-talks the recent reports, proof-of-concept studies, patents, and clinical trials that utilize polymeric micellar family architectures concerning cancer targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, gene therapeutics, and diagnostic agents. The manuscript also expounds on the underlying opportunities, allied challenges, and ways to resolve their bench-to-bedside translation for allied clinical applications.
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24
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Xiao Q, Zhang H, Li JH, Jian JX, Tong QX, Zhong JJ. Directing-Group-Assisted Markovnikov-Selective Hydrothiolation of Styrenes with Thiols by Photoredox/Cobalt Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:3604-3609. [PMID: 33843237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with the well-developed radical thiol-ene reaction to access anti-Markovnikov-type products, the research on the catalytic Markovnikov-selective hydrothiolation of alkenes is very restricted. Because of the catalyst poisoning of metal catalysts by organosulfur compounds, limited examples of transition-metal-catalyzed thiol-ene reactions have been reported. However, in this work, a directing-group-assisted hydrothiolation of styrenes with thiols by photoredox/cobalt catalysis is found to proceed smoothly to afford Markovnikov-type sulfides with excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
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25
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Giacoletto N, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Dumur F. Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Geven M, d'Arcy R, Turhan ZY, El-Mohtadi F, Alshamsan A, Tirelli N. Sulfur-based oxidation-responsive polymers. Chemistry, (chemically selective) responsiveness and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Arslan M, Ceylan O, Arslan R, Tasdelen MA. Facile UV-induced covalent modification and crosslinking of styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer via Paterno-Büchi [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8585-8593. [PMID: 35423409 PMCID: PMC8695305 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical functionalization or modification of polymers to alter or improve the physical and mechanical properties constitutes an important field in macromolecular research. Fabrication of polymeric materials via structural tailoring of commercial or commodity polymers that are produced in vast quantities especially possess unique advantages in material applications. In the present study, we report on benign chemical modification of unsaturated styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) copolymer using available backbone alkene groups. Covalent attachment of aldehyde functional substrates onto reactive isoprene double bond residues was conveniently carried out using UV-induced Paterno–Büchi [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Model organic compounds with different structures were utilized in high efficiency chemical modification of parent polymer chains via oxetane ring formation. Functionalization studies were confirmed via1H NMR, FT-IR and SEC analyses. The methodology was extended to covalent crosslinking of polymer chains to obtain organogels with tailorable crosslinking degrees and physical characteristics. Considering the outstanding elastic properties of unsaturated rubbers and their high commercial availability, abundant reactive double bonds in backbone chains of these polymers offer easy to implement structural modification via proposed Paterno–Büchi photocycloaddition. Paterno–Büchi reaction is reported as a convenient chemical reaction tool to modify unsaturated copolymer elastomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Central Research Laboratory, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Rabia Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
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29
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Yan C, Liang J, Fang H, Meng X, Chen J, Zhong Z, Liu Q, Hu H, Zhang X. Fabrication and Evaluation of Silk Sericin-Derived Hydrogel for the Release of the Model Drug Berberine. Gels 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33672687 PMCID: PMC8005982 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) produced by Bombyx mori is normally discarded as waste in manufacturing processes, which causes environmental pollution. Therefore, investigating the use of silk sericin has economic and environmental benefits. As a three-dimensional structure, the sericin-derived hydrogel was explored in different applications. However, many developed gelation procedures raise concerns regarding safety, cost, and duration of gelation time. In this work, "thiol-ene" click chemistry was used to quickly and controllably prepare an SS-derived hydrogel to resolve these early concerns. Then, berberine was loaded and used as a model for investigating the drug-release profiles of the prepared hydrogel. The experimental results revealed that this hydrogel is eligible for a long-term release of berberine. Throughout the antibacterial experiments, the released berberine maintained its antibacterial activity. Our work expands the application of SS in biomedical industries in an eco-friendly way. Furthermore, the discussed strategy could provide a reference for the subsequent development of SS-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Hao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Xizhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiale Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (J.L.); (H.F.); (X.M.); (J.C.)
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30
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Xuan J, Haelsig KT, Sheremet M, Machicao PA, Maimone TJ. Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy for Complex Polypyrrole Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Curvulamine and Curindolizine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2970-2983. [PMID: 33570388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally unprecedented antibacterial alkaloids containing multiple electron-rich pyrrole units have recently been isolated from Curvularia sp. and Bipolaris maydis fungi. This article documents the evolution of a synthetic program aimed at accessing the flagship metabolites curvulamine and curindolizine which are presumably a dimer and trimer of a C10N biosynthetic building block, respectively. Starting with curvulamine, we detail several strategies to merge two simple, bioinspired fragments, which while ultimately unsuccessful, led us toward a pyrroloazepinone building block-based strategy and an improved synthesis of this 10π-aromatic heterocycle. A two-step annulation process was then designed to forge a conserved tetracyclic bis-pyrrole architecture and advanced into a variety of late-stage intermediates; unfortunately, however, a failed decarboxylation thwarted the total synthesis of curvulamine. By tailoring our annulation precursors, success was ultimately found through the use of a cyanohydrin nucleophile which enabled a 10-step total synthesis of curvulamine. Attempts were then made to realize a biomimetic coupling of curvulamine with an additional C10N fragment to arrive at curindolizine, the most complex family member. Although unproductive, we developed a 14-step total synthesis of this alkaloid through an abiotic coupling approach. Throughout this work, effort was made to harness and exploit the innate reactivity of the pyrrole nucleus, an objective which has uncovered many interesting findings in the chemistry of this reactive heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Dumur F. Recent advances on visible light photoinitiators of polymerization based on Indane-1,3-dione and related derivatives. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Zhang J, Li M, He Y, Zhang X, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, Zhao Q, Pang X. From 0-dimension to 1-dimensions: Au nanocrystals as versatile plasmonic photocatalyst for broadband light induced RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles and nanorods were utilized as the catalyst for photo-induced RAFT polymerization, because of their strong LSPR performance.
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33
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Zhu Y, Ramadani E, Egap E. Thiol ligand capped quantum dot as an efficient and oxygen tolerance photoinitiator for aqueous phase radical polymerization and 3D printing under visible light. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here a rapid visible-light-induced radical polymerization in aqueous media photoinitiated by only ppm level thiol ligand capped cadmium selenide quantum dots. The photoinitiation system could be readily employed for photo 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Emira Ramadani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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34
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Nutan B, Kumar A, Jewrajka SK. Library of Derivatizable Multiblock Copolymers by Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Targeting Specific Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5029-5043. [PMID: 33211470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock copolymers (MBCs) are fascinating in the field of biology-polymer chemistry interfaces. Synthesizing libraries of MBCs with tailor-made functionality is challenging as it involves multiple steps. Herein, a simple synthesis, analogous to polyurethane/Michael addition reactions, has been introduced to obtain a library of derivatizable MBCs. Nucleophilic substitution polymerization (SNP) of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) blocks containing activated halide termini by primary mono/di/coamines or clickable amines provides functional MBCs. The structure of amines directs the properties of the MBCs. The self-assembly of small molecular weight primary diamine-based MBCs shows controlled release of hydrophobic model guest molecules and therapeutics. The primary diamine (no dangling chain) helps to form MBC micelles having a relatively tight core with a low diffusion property. Antimicrobial property in the MBCs has been introduced by separating the cationic centers from the lipophilic groups using a coamine as a nucleophilic agent and a small molecular weight dihalide as a chain extender. Clickable MBCs were synthesized by changing the structure of the nucleophile to obtain degradable amphiphilic conetworks and hydrogels. Varieties of macromolecular entities could be obtained by switching the nucleophilic agent and introducing a small molecular weight chain extender. This synthesis approach provides an opportunity to tune the chemical functionality, topological structure, and biological properties of macromolecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhingaradiya Nutan
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suresh K Jewrajka
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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35
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Guo M, Huang Y, Cao J, Xu Y, Lu S, Feng S. Luminescent and Robust Perovskite-Silicone Elastomers Prepared by Light Induced Thiol-Ene Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000606. [PMID: 33270321 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of luminescent perovskite-silicone elastomer (PSE) composites by embedding inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbBr3 NCs) into networks constructed by trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate) and sulfone-containing silicone copolymers with vinyl side groups (PSMVS) is reported herein. The networks are obtained by an environmentally friendly thiol-ene cross-linking reaction under 30 W household LED light. The conducted analysis shows that the prepared PSEs display strong green fluorescence due to encapsulation of CsPbBr3 NCs, which constitute a luminescent center in sulfone-containing silicone networks. Using PSMVS as basic polymers instead of commercial polysiloxanes endows PSEs with enhanced mechanical strength and excellent luminescent stability at high temperatures. The PSEs show robust tensile stress and >650% elongation. Additionally, the construction of colorful ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) by an in situ cross-linking process is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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36
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Das P, Das S, Varalaxmi K, Jana R. Metal‐Free, Multicomponent Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroarylsulfonylation and Alkoxyarylsulfonylation of Vinyl Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Subhodeep Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Kasarla Varalaxmi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata 700054 West Bengal India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata 700032 India
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37
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Das A, Thomas KRJ. Facile Thiol–Ene Click Protocol Using Benzil as Sensitizer and White LED as Light Source. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee – India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee – India
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38
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Van Guyse JFR, Bernhard Y, Hoogenboom R. Stoichiometric Control over Partial Transesterification of Polyacrylate Homopolymers as Platform for Functional Copolyacrylates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000365. [PMID: 32808369 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Only recently, post-polymerization modification reactions of unactivated polyacrylates have been emerging as an attractive alternative to utilizing reactive monomers, enabling the synthetic upcycling of these widely applied polymers. Within this contribution, the triazabicyclodecene-catalyzed transesterification of polyacrylates is reported, including the reaction kinetics and the broad scope for macromolecular design of functional copolyacrylates. More specifically, the transesterification is performed under equilibrium conditions with a set of primary alcohols whereby the reaction kinetics and the obtained conversion as a function of stoichiometric excess of alcohol are evaluated. The results show that the obtained conversion is dependent on the polarity of the solvent and of the alcohol. Through this approach, the transesterification degree can be accurately controlled by stoichiometry, enabling the precise modulation of the macromolecular structure. Finally, the utility of this approach is demonstrated to incorporate functional side chains that are incompatible with radical polymerization, to facilitate Diels-Alder and thiol-ene reactions, enabling access to a broad range of functional materials from simple polyacrylate homopolymer precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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39
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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40
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41
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Hu J, Wang T, Zhou L, Wei S. A ROS responsive nanomedicine with enhanced photodynamic therapy via dual mechanisms: GSH depletion and biosynthesis inhibition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Fromel M, Li M, Pester CW. Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000177. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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43
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Makino H, Nishikawa T, Ouchi M. Elucidating Monomer Character of an Alkenyl Boronate through Radical Copolymerization Leads to Copolymer Synthesis beyond the Limitation of Copolymerizability by Side-Chain Replacement. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:788-793. [PMID: 35648527 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester (IPBpin) was used as a comonomer in radical polymerization with a wide range of common vinyl monomers for elucidation of the monomer character and syntheses of conventionally inaccessible copolymers via the replacement of the boron pendant. The study revealed that the boron-containing monomer is categorized into an electron-rich conjugated monomer, which was well consistent with the results of density functional theory (DFT)-based investigation. One of the thus obtained copolymers, the IPBpin-styrene copolymer, was successfully transformed into an α-methyl vinyl alcohol (MVA)-styrene counterpart via oxidation of the boron pendant. The copolymer cannot be synthesized even with the acetyl-protected monomer instead of IPBpin due to poor copolymerization ability based on the nonconjugated character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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44
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Free Radical Photopolymerization and 3D Printing Using Newly Developed Dyes: Indane-1,3-Dione and 1H-Cyclopentanaphthalene-1,3-Dione Derivatives as Photoinitiators in Three-Component Systems. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of photoinitiating systems with excellent photochemical reactivities at 405nm LED is one of the obstacles to efficiently promote free radical polymerization in mild conditions (e.g., low light intensity, under air). Here, our actual search for new multicomponent photoinitiating systems at 405nm LED prompts us to develop new dyes based on push–pull structures. In the present paper, we chose two series of new dyes which possess indane-1,3-dione and 1H-cyclopenta naphthalene-1,3-dione groups as the electron-withdrawing groups, since they have the great potential to behave as sensitive and remarkable photoinitiators in vat photopolymerization/3D printing. When incorporated with a tertiary amine (ethyl dimethylaminobenzoate EDB, used as electron/hydrogen donor) and an iodonium salt (used as electron acceptor) as the three-component photoinitiating systems (PISs), and among a series of 21 dyes, 10 of them could efficiently promote the free radical photopolymerization of acrylates. Interestingly, steady state photolysis experiments revealed different behaviors of the dyes. Fluorescence experiments and free energy change calculations for redox processes were also carried out to investigate the relevant chemical mechanisms. Additionally, the formation of radicals from the investigated PISs was clearly observed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping experiments. Finally, stereoscopic 3D patterns were successfully fabricated by the laser writing technique. In this work, the use of push–pull dyes based on the naphthalene scaffold as photoinitiators of polymerization is reported for the first time in a systematic study aiming at investigating the structure–performance relationship for irradiation carried out at 405 nm. By carefully selecting the electron donors used in the two series of push–pull dyes, novel and high-performance photoinitiating systems operating at 405 nm are thus proposed.
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45
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Mondal A, Mukhopadhyay C. Construction of Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Enabled by Visible Light. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200211115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of visible light-mediated environment-
friendly approaches over the past decade for the formation of carbon-carbon and
carbon-heteroatom framework. This area has recently emerged as a versatile, environmentally
benign and green platform for the development of a highly sustainable synthetic
methodology. According to the recent advancements, visible light has come to the forefront
in synthetic organic chemistry as a powerful green strategy for the activation of small
molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India
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46
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Chen D, Zhao C, Yang W. Polythioethers with Controlled α,ω‐End Groups Prepared by Visible Light Induced Thiol–Ene Click Polymerization of Dithiol and Divinyl Ether with 4‐(
N
,
N
‐diphenylamino)benzaldehyde as Organocatalyst. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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47
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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48
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Love D, Fairbanks B, Bowman C. Reaction Environment Effect on the Kinetics of Radical Thiol-Ene Polymerizations in the Presence of Amines and Thiolate Anions. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:174-179. [PMID: 35638679 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of facile implementation, quantitative conversions, and an insensitivity to oxygen, water, and most organic functional groups, radical-mediated thiol-ene coupling (TEC) reactions have emerged as a valuable tool in macromolecule synthesis. It was recently demonstrated that the kinetics and conversions of thiyl radical-mediated reactions are adversely affected in the presence of basic amines by the formation of retardive thiolate anions. Herein, the performance of TEC polymerizations is evaluated under a variety of reaction environments with the intention to aid in the optimal formulation design of TEC reactions in the presence of amines. Results from both bulk and aqueous-phase network photopolymerizations established that sensitivity to amine basicity and pH is dependent on the thiol acidity, although norbornene-type alkenes exhibit a unique ability to achieve high conversions, where allyl ethers, vinyl ether, and vinyl siloxanes are highly inhibited. Additionally, the protic solvents such as alcohols and acetic acid are established as ideal solvents or additives to suppress or eliminate amine-induced retardation.
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49
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He L, Jia C, Zhang Y, He J. Visible Light Catalyzed Step-Growth Polymerization through Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900640. [PMID: 32022981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The results of polymer synthesis via visible light (blue light λ = 465 nm) and a Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction at ambient temperature are reported. The kinetic study demonstrates that the polymerization rate is faster under light irradiation than that in the dark, affording larger molecular weight of polymer product in the former. A mechanistic study using 19 F NMR indicates that light can activate the oxidative addition step, increasing the rate of formation of the oxidative addition intermediate. The present work not only reveals a new mechanism of light's effect on Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction in the absence of sensitizer, but also represents the first example of its application in step-growth polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunbo Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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50
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Hafeez S, Khatri V, Kashyap HK, Nebhani L. Computational and experimental approach to evaluate the effect of initiator concentration, solvents, and enes on the TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanism and reaction kinetics of the TEMPO initiated thiol–ene reaction between benzyl mercaptan and variable enes in the presence of varying initiator concentration and varying solvents has been studied experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Vikas Khatri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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