1
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Bedoui F, Sahihi M, Jaramillo-Botero A, Goddard WA. Enhancing Multifunctionality: Optimal Properties of Iron-Oxide-Reinforced Polyvinylidene Difluoride Unveiled Through Full Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8067-8073. [PMID: 38557046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposites made of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NP)s with different surface chemistry and polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) polymer were investigated using full atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. NPs with hydroxyl (OH), hexanoic, and oleic acid terminations were considered in this study. The effect of each surface chemistry was investigated in terms of the mechanical properties, the distribution of the internal energy around the NP, and the chain polarization gradient from the interface to the bulk. From this investigation, we find that oleic acid termination, although the most popular, is less favorable for interfacial interaction and local polarization. The OH-terminated NP results in the best configuration for the properties investigated. The hexanoic acid-grafted NP presents a good compromise. Hydrogen bonding governs the induced response of the nanocomposites. Although the hexanoic acid grafted NP presents less hydrogen bonding than the OH-terminated case, the conformation of the hexanoic acid acts as a mobility flow inhibitor, leading to a performance comparable to that of the OH-terminated NP composite. This work led to investigating routes to make nanocomposite materials with optimized properties. These results shed light on the multiple combinations offered by nanocomposites that go beyond the conventional effects of size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Bedoui
- Laboratoire Roberval, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, 60200, France
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Mehdi Sahihi
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
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2
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Reda H, Chazirakis A, Behbahani AF, Savva N, Harmandaris V. Revealing the Role of Chain Conformations on the Origin of the Mechanical Reinforcement in Glassy Polymer Nanocomposites. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:148-155. [PMID: 37983090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of mechanical reinforcement in glassy polymer nanocomposites is of paramount importance for their tailored design. Here, we present a detailed investigation, via atomistic simulation, of the coupling between density, structure, and conformations of polymer chains with respect to their role in mechanical reinforcement. Probing the properties at the molecular level reveals that the effective mass density as well as the rigidity of the matrix region changes with filler volume fraction, while that of the interphase remains constant. The origin of the mechanical reinforcement is attributed to the heterogeneous chain conformations in the vicinity of the nanoparticles, involving a 2-fold mechanism. In the low-loading regime, the reinforcement comes mainly from a thin, single-molecule, 2D-like layer of adsorbed polymer segments on the nanoparticle, whereas in the high-loading regime, the reinforcement is dominated by the coupling between train and bridge conformations; the latter involves segments connecting neighboring nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Reda
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Anthony Chazirakis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR 71110, Greece
| | - Alireza Foroozani Behbahani
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR 71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR 71110, Greece
| | - Nikos Savva
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR 71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR 71110, Greece
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3
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Power AJ, Papananou H, Rissanou AN, Labardi M, Chrissopoulou K, Harmandaris V, Anastasiadis SH. Dynamics of Polymer Chains in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Silica Nanocomposites via a Combined Computational and Experimental Approach. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7745-7760. [PMID: 36136347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer chains in poly(ethylene oxide)/silica (PEO/SiO2) nanoparticle nanohybrids have been investigated via a combined computational and experimental approach involving atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) measurements. The complementarity of the approaches allows us to study systems with different polymer molecular weights, nanoparticle radii, and compositions across a broad range of temperatures. We study the effects of spatial confinement, which is induced by the nanoparticles, and chain adsorption on the polymer's structure and dynamics. The investigation of the static properties of the nanocomposites via detailed atomistic simulations revealed a heterogeneous polymer density layer at the vicinity of the PEO/SiO2 interface that exhibited an intense maximum close to the inorganic surface, whereas the bulk density was reached for distances ∼1-1.2 nm away from the nanoparticle. For small volume fractions of nanoparticles, the polymer dynamics, probed by the atomistic simulations of low-molecular-weight chains at high temperatures, are consistent with the presence of a thin adsorbed layer that exhibits slow dynamics, with the dynamics far away from the nanoparticle being similar to those in the bulk. However, for high volume fractions of nanoparticles (strong confinement), the dynamics of all polymer chains were predicted slower than that in the bulk. On the other hand, similar dynamics were found experimentally for both the local β-process and the segmental dynamics for high-molecular-weight systems measured at temperatures below the melting temperature of the polymer, which were probed by DRS. These differences can be attributed to various parameters, including systems of different molecular weights and nanoparticle states of dispersion, the different temperature range studied by the different methods, the potential presence of a reduced-mobility PEO/SiO2 interfacial layer that does not contribute to the dielectric spectrum, and the presence of amorphous-crystalline interfaces in the experimental samples that may lead to a different dynamical behaviors of the PEO chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Power
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Hellen Papananou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Anastassia N Rissanou
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Kiriaki Chrissopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Spiros H Anastasiadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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4
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Wang Y, Huang X, Lu L, Shi J, Liu J. Electromagnetic Properties of Polypyrrole Metallic Magnetic Nanocomposites: First‐Principles Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xinshu Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Liying Lu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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5
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Prada A, González RI, Camarada MB, Allende S, Torres A, Sepúlveda J, Rojas-Nunez J, Baltazar SE. Nanoparticle Shape Influence over Poly(lactic acid) Barrier Properties by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2583-2590. [PMID: 35252636 PMCID: PMC8890032 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is leading us to search for new materials that allow a more sustainable environmental situation in the long term. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been proposed as a substitute for traditional plastics due to its high biodegradability. Various components have been added to improve their mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. The modification of the PLA barrier properties by introducing nanoparticles with different shapes is an important aspect to control the molecular diffusion of oxygen and other gas compounds. In this work, we have described changes in oxygen diffusion by introducing nanoparticles of different shapes through molecular dynamics simulations. Our model illustrates that the existence of curved surfaces and the deposition of PLA around them by short chains generate small holes where oxygen accumulates, forming clusters and reducing their mobility. From the several considered shapes, the sphere is the most suitable structure to improve the barrier properties of the PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Prada
- Departamento de Computación e
Ingenierías, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad
Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
| | - Rafael I. González
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 9170124,
Chile
| | - María B. Camarada
- Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Centro Investigación en Nanotecnología y
Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Sebastián Allende
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de
Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
| | - Alejandra Torres
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Food Science and
Technology Department, Technology Faculty, University of Santiago de
Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Food Science and
Technology Department, Technology Faculty, University of Santiago de
Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Javier Rojas-Nunez
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de
Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
| | - Samuel E. Baltazar
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de
Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124,
Chile
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6
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Atomistic-scale analysis of the deformation and failure of polypropylene composites reinforced by functionalized silica nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23108. [PMID: 34845272 PMCID: PMC8630061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial adhesion between polymer matrix and reinforcing silica nanoparticles plays an important role in strengthening polypropylene (PP) composite. To improve the adhesion strength, the surface of silica nanoparticles can be modified by grafted functional molecules. Using atomistic simulations, we examined the effect of functionalization of silica nanoparticles by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) molecules on the deformation and failure of silica-reinforced PP composite. We found that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of PP composite functionalized by OTES (28 MPa) is higher than that of HMDS (25 MPa), which is in turn higher than that passivated only by hydrogen (22 MPa). To understand the underlying mechanistic origin, we calculated the adhesive energy and interfacial strength of the interphase region, and found that both the adhesive energy and interfacial strength are the highest for the silica nanoparticles functionalized by OTES molecules, while both are the lowest by hydrogen. The ultimate failure of the polymer composite is initiated by the cavitation in the interphase region with the lowest mass density, and this cavitation failure mode is common for all the examined PP composites, but the cavitation position is dependent on the tail length of the functional molecules. The present work provides interesting insights into the deformation and cavitation failure mechanisms of the silica-reinforced PP composites, and the findings can be used as useful guidelines in selecting chemical agents for surface treatment of silica nanoparticles.
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7
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Chong YT, Tan CSH, Liu LY, Liu J, Teng CP, Wang F. Enhanced dispersion of hydroxyapatite whisker in orthopedics
3D
printing resin with improved mechanical performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Chong
- Polymer Composites Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Clara S. H. Tan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Li Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jinyan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments Guangzhou China
| | - Choon Peng Teng
- Polymer Composites Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Polymer Composites Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
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8
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Bačová P, Li W, Behbahani AF, Burkhart C, Polińska P, Doxastakis M, Harmandaris V. Coupling between Polymer Conformations and Dynamics Near Amorphous Silica Surfaces: A Direct Insight from Atomistic Simulations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2075. [PMID: 34443909 PMCID: PMC8401719 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer chains in the polymer/solid interphase region have been a point of debate in recent years. Its understanding is the first step towards the description and the prediction of the properties of a wide family of commercially used polymeric-based nanostructured materials. Here, we present a detailed investigation of the conformational and dynamical features of unentangled and mildly entangled cis-1,4-polybutadiene melts in the vicinity of amorphous silica surface via atomistic simulations. Accounting for the roughness of the surface, we analyze the properties of the polymer chains as a function of their distance from the silica slab, their conformations and the chain molecular weight. Unlike the case of perfectly flat and homogeneous surfaces, the monomeric translational motion parallel to the surface was affected by the presence of the silica slab up to distances comparable with the extension of the density fluctuations. In addition, the intramolecular dynamical heterogeneities in adsorbed chains were revealed by linking the conformations and the structure of the adsorbed chains with their dynamical properties. Strong dynamical heterogeneities within the adsorbed layer are found, with the chains possessing longer sequences of adsorbed segments ("trains") exhibiting slower dynamics than the adsorbed chains with short ones. Our results suggest that, apart from the density-dynamics correlation, the configurational entropy plays an important role in the dynamical response of the polymers confined between the silica slabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Alireza F. Behbahani
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Craig Burkhart
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, OH 44305, USA;
| | | | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
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9
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Skountzos EN, Karadima KS, Mavrantzas VG. Structure and Dynamics of Highly Attractive Polymer Nanocomposites in the Semi-Dilute Regime: The Role of Interfacial Domains and Bridging Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2749. [PMID: 34451287 PMCID: PMC8400934 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to study how the presence of adsorbed domains and nanoparticle bridging chains affect the structural, conformational, thermodynamic, and dynamic properties of attractive polymer nanocomposite melts in the semi-dilute regime. As a model system we have chosen an unentangled poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) matrix containing amorphous spherical silica nanoparticles with different diameters and at different concentrations. Emphasis is placed on properties such as the polymer mass density profile around nanoparticles, the compressibility of the system, the mean squared end-to-end distance of PEG chains, their orientational and diffusive dynamics, the single chain form factor, and the scattering functions. Our analysis reveals a significant impact of the adsorbed, interfacial polymer on the microscopic dynamic and conformational properties of the nanocomposite, especially under conditions favoring higher surface-to-volume ratios (e.g., for small nanoparticle sizes at fixed nanoparticle loading, or for higher silica concentrations). Simultaneously, adsorbed polymer chains adopt graft-like conformations, a feature that allows them to considerably extend away from the nanoparticle surface to form bridges with other nanoparticles. These bridges drive the formation of a nanoparticle network whose strength (number of tie chains per nanoparticle) increases substantially with increasing concentration of the polymer matrix in nanoparticles, or with decreasing nanoparticle size at fixed nanoparticle concentration. The presence of hydroxyl groups at the ends of PEG chains plays a key role in the formation of the network. If hydroxyl groups are substituted by methoxy ones, the simulations reveal that the number of bridging chains per nanoparticle decreases dramatically, thus the network formed is less dense and less strong mechanically, and has a smaller impact on the properties of the nanocomposite. Our simulations predict further that the isothermal compressibility and thermal expansion coefficient of PEG-silica nanocomposites are significantly lower than those of pure PEG, with their values decreasing practically linear with increasing concentration of the nanocomposite in nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Skountzos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras and FORTH-ICE/HT, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.S.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Katerina S. Karadima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras and FORTH-ICE/HT, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.S.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras and FORTH-ICE/HT, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.N.S.); (K.S.K.)
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Matsumoto T, Shimizu Y, Nishino T. Analyses of the Adhesion Interphase of Isotactic Polypropylene Using Hot-Melt Polyolefin Adhesives. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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11
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Ramakrishnan V, Goossens JGP, Hoeks TL, Peters GWM. Anomalous Terminal Shear Viscosity Behavior of Polycarbonate Nanocomposites Containing Grafted Nanosilica Particles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1839. [PMID: 34361225 PMCID: PMC8308399 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity controls an important issue in polymer processing. This paper reports on the terminal viscosity behavior of a polymer melt containing grafted nanosilica particles. The melt viscosity behavior of the nanocomposites was found to depend on the interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticle surface. In the case of polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites, the viscosity decreases by approximately 25% at concentrations below 0.7 vol% of nanosilica, followed by an increase at higher concentrations. Chemical analysis shows that the decrease in viscosity can be attributed to in situ grafting of PC on the nanosilica surface, leading to a lower entanglement density around the nanoparticle. The thickness of the graft layer was found to be of the order of the tube diameter, with the disentangled zone being approximately equal to the radius of gyration (Rg) polymer chain. Furthermore, it is shown that the grafting has an effect on the motion of the PC chains at all timescales. Finally, the viscosity behavior in the PC nanocomposites was found to be independent of the molar mass of PC. The PC data are compared with polystyrene nanocomposites, for which the interaction between the polymer and nanoparticles is absent. The results outlined in this paper can be utilized for applications with low shear processing conditions, e.g., rotomolding, 3D printing, and multilayer co-extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanath Ramakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes G. P. Goossens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Theodorus L. Hoeks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
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12
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Skountzos EN, Tsalikis DG, Stephanou PS, Mavrantzas VG. Individual Contributions of Adsorbed and Free Chains to Microscopic Dynamics of Unentangled poly(ethylene Glycol)/Silica Nanocomposite Melts and the Important Role of End Groups: Theory and Simulation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Skountzos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Tsalikis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Pavlos S. Stephanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Multiscale Analysis of Elastic Properties of Nano-Reinforced Materials Exhibiting Surface Effects. Application for Determination of Effective Shear Modulus. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns a multiscale analysis of nano-reinforced heterogeneous materials. Such materials exhibit surface effects that must be taken into account in the homogenization procedure. In this study, a coherent imperfect interface model was employed to characterize the jumps of mechanical properties through the interface region between the matrix and the nanofillers. As the hypothesis of scale separation was adopted, a generalized self-consistent micromechanical scheme was employed for the determination of the homogenized elastic moduli. An explicit calculation for the determination of effective shear modulus is presented, together with a numerical application illustrating the surface effect. It is shown that the coherent imperfect interface model is capable of exploring the surface effect in nano-reinforced materials, as demonstrated experimentally in the literature.
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14
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Blivi AS, Bedoui F, Weigand S, Kondo D. Multiscale analysis of nanoparticles size effects on thermal, elastic, and viscoelastic properties of nano‐reinforced polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adoté S. Blivi
- Laboratoire Roberval, UMR‐CNRS 7037Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France
| | - Fahmi Bedoui
- Laboratoire Roberval, UMR‐CNRS 7037Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne Compiègne France
| | - Steven Weigand
- Member of the DND‐CAT Synchrotron Research Center, ANLNorthwestern University Argonne Illinois USA
| | - Djimédo Kondo
- IJLRDA, UMR‐CNRS 7190Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
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15
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Behbahani AF, Rissanou A, Kritikos G, Doxastakis M, Burkhart C, Polińska P, Harmandaris VA. Conformations and Dynamics of Polymer Chains in Cis and Trans Polybutadiene/Silica Nanocomposites through Atomistic Simulations: From the Unentangled to the Entangled Regime. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza F. Behbahani
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
| | - Anastassia Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
| | - Giorgos Kritikos
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
| | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Craig Burkhart
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 142 Goodyear Blvd., Akron, Ohio 44305, United States
| | | | - Vagelis A. Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
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16
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Xin Z, Ye C, Li Z, Xia J, Li J. Mechanism of size effects of a filler on the wear behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Nanovoids in uniaxially elongated polymer network filled with polydisperse nanoparticles via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation and two-dimensional scattering patterns. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Brown D, Neyertz S, Raaijmakers MJ, Benes NE. Sorption and permeation of gases in hyper-cross-linked hybrid poly(POSS-imide) networks: An in silico study. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Two-dimensional scattering patterns of coarse-grained molecular dynamics model of filled polymer gels during uniaxial expansion. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Effect of diameter distribution on two-dimensional scattering patterns of a rubber model filled with carbon black and silica NPs. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Munaò G, Pizzirusso A, Kalogirou A, De Nicola A, Kawakatsu T, Müller-Plathe F, Milano G. Molecular structure and multi-body potential of mean force in silica-polystyrene nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21656-21670. [PMID: 30256374 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We perform a systematic application of the hybrid particle-field molecular dynamics technique [Milano, et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2009, 130, 214106] to study interfacial properties and potential of mean force (PMF) for separating nanoparticles (NPs) in a melt. Specifically, we consider Silica NPs bare or grafted with Polystyrene chains, aiming to shed light on the interactions among free and grafted chains affecting the dispersion of NPs in the nanocomposite. The proposed hybrid models show good performances in catching the local structure of the chains, and in particular their density profiles, documenting the existence of the "wet-brush-to-dry-brush" transition. By using these models, the PMF between pairs of ungrafted and grafted NPs in Polystyrene matrix are calculated. Moreover, we estimate the three-particle contribution to the total PMF and its role in regulating the phase separation on the nanometer scale. In particular, the multi-particle contribution to the PMF is able to give an explanation of the complex experimental morphologies observed at low grafting densities. More in general, we propose this approach and the models utilized here for a molecular understanding of specific systems and the impact of the chemical nature of the systems on the composite final properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Munaò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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22
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Koga T, Barkley D, Nagao M, Taniguchi T, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Masui T, Kishimoto H, Koga M, Rudick JG, Endoh MK. Interphase Structures and Dynamics near Nanofiller Surfaces in Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tomomi Masui
- Sumitomo Rubber
Industries
Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Sumitomo Rubber
Industries
Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Maho Koga
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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23
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Yang X, Shan Y, Wei X, Zhong S, Huang Y, Yu H, Yang J. Polyethylene/silica nanorod composites with reduced dielectric constant and enhanced mechanical strength. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yuxing Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xiaonan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Shengyuan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composite and Functional MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
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24
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Hagita K, Shudo Y, Shibayama M. Two-dimensional scattering patterns and stress-strain relation of elongated clay nano composite gels: Molecular dynamics simulation analysis. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Mousa M, Dong Y. Novel three-dimensional interphase characterisation of polymer nanocomposites using nanoscaled topography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:385701. [PMID: 29916397 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacd5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites depend primarily on nanointerphases as transitional zones between nanoparticles and surrounding matrices. Due to the difficulty in the quantitative characterisation of nanointerphases, previous literature generally deemed such interphases as one-dimensional uniform zones around nanoparticles by assumption for analytical or theoretical modelling. We hereby have demonstrated for the first time direct three-dimensional topography and physical measurement of nanophase mechanical properties between nanodiameter bamboo charcoals (NBCs) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in polymer nanocomposites. Topographical features, nanomechanical properties and dimensions of nanointerphases were systematically determined via peak force quantitative nanomechanical tapping mode. Significantly different mechanical properties of nanointerphases were revealed as opposed to those of individual NBCs and PVA matrices. Non-uniform irregular three-dimensional structures and shapes of nanointerphases are manifested around individual NBCs, which can be greatly influenced by nanoparticle size and roughness, and nanoparticle dispersion and distribution. Elastic moduli of nanointerphases were experimentally determined in range from 25.32 ± 3.4 to 66.3 ± 3.2 GPa. Additionally, it is clearly shown that the interphase modulus strongly depends on interphase surface area and interphase volume. Different NBC distribution patterns from fully to partially embedded nanoparticles are proven to yield a remarkable reduction in elastic moduli of nanointerphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Mousa
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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26
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Kumar S, Pattanayek SK. Semi-flexible polymer engendered aggregation/dispersion of fullerene (C60) nano-particles: An atomistic investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Rahimi SK, Otaigbe JU. The effects of the interface on microstructure and rheo-mechanical properties of polyamide 6/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites prepared by in-situ ring-opening polymerization and subsequent melt extrusion. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Meyer J, Hentschke R, Hager J, Hojdis NW, Karimi-Varzaneh HA. Molecular Simulation of Viscous Dissipation due to Cyclic Deformation of a Silica–Silica Contact in Filled Rubber. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Meyer
- School
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universität D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hentschke
- School
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universität D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jonathan Hager
- School
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universität D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils W. Hojdis
- Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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29
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Klonos P, Kyritsis A, Bokobza L, Gun’ko VM, Pissis P. Interfacial effects in PDMS/titania nanocomposites studied by thermal and dielectric techniques. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Vogiatzis GG, Theodorou DN. Multiscale Molecular Simulations of Polymer-Matrix Nanocomposites: or What Molecular Simulations Have Taught us About the Fascinating Nanoworld. ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING : STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS 2017; 25:591-645. [PMID: 29962833 PMCID: PMC6003436 DOI: 10.1007/s11831-016-9207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the substantial progress in molecular simulations of polymer-matrix nanocomposites, now is the time to reconsider this topic from a critical point of view. A comprehensive survey is reported herein providing an overview of classical molecular simulations, reviewing their major achievements in modeling polymer matrix nanocomposites, and identifying several open challenges. Molecular simulations at multiple length and time scales, working hand-in-hand with sensitive experiments, have enhanced our understanding of how nanofillers alter the structure, dynamics, thermodynamics, rheology and mechanical properties of the surrounding polymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios G. Vogiatzis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
- Present Address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Doros N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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31
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Singha S, Jana T. Self-Assembly of Nanofillers in Improving the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201600070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvra Singha
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
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33
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Malagù M, Lyulin A, Benvenuti E, Simone A. A Molecular-Dynamics Study of Size and Chirality Effects on Glass-Transition Temperature and Ordering in Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Malagù
- Engineering Department; University of Ferrara; Via Saragat 1 44122 Ferrara Italy
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences; Delft University of Technology; P.O. Box 5048 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Lyulin
- Department of Applied Physics; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Elena Benvenuti
- Engineering Department; University of Ferrara; Via Saragat 1 44122 Ferrara Italy
| | - Angelo Simone
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences; Delft University of Technology; P.O. Box 5048 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands
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34
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Mathioudakis IG, Vogiatzis GG, Tzoumanekas C, Theodorou DN. Multiscale simulations of PS-SiO2 nanocomposites: from melt to glassy state. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7585-7605. [PMID: 27532769 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction energetics, molecular packing, entanglement network properties, segmental dynamics, and elastic constants of atactic polystyrene-amorphous silica nanocomposites in the molten and the glassy state are studied via molecular simulations using two interconnected levels of representation: (a) a coarse-grained one, wherein each polystyrene repeat unit is mapped onto a single "superatom" and the silica nanoparticle is viewed as a solid sphere. Equilibration at all length scales at this level is achieved via connectivity-altering Monte Carlo simulations. (b) A united-atom (UA) level, wherein the polymer chains are represented in terms of a united-atom forcefield and the silica nanoparticle is represented in terms of a simplified, fully atomistic model. Initial configurations for UA molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are obtained by reverse mapping well-equilibrated coarse-grained configurations. By analysing microcanonical UA MD trajectories, the polymer density profile is studied and the polymer is found to exhibit layering in the vicinity of the nanoparticle surface. An estimate of the enthalpy of mixing between polymer and nanoparticles, derived from the UA simulations, compares favourably against available experimental values. The dynamical behaviour of polystyrene (in neat and filled melt systems) is characterized in terms of bond orientation and dihedral angle time autocorrelation functions. At low concentration in the molten polymer matrix, silica nanoparticles are found to cause a slight deceleration of the segmental dynamics close to their surface compared to the bulk polymer. Well-equilibrated coarse-grained long-chain configurations are reduced to entanglement networks via topological analysis with the CReTA algorithm, yielding a slightly lower density of entanglements in the filled than in the neat systems. UA melt configurations are glassified by MD cooling. The elastic moduli of the resulting glassy nanocomposites are computed through an analysis of strain fluctuations in the undeformed state and through explicit mechanical deformation by MD, showing a stiffening of the polymer in the presence of nanoparticles. UA simulation results for the elastic constants are compared to continuum micromechanical calculations invoked in homogenization models of the overall mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous materials. They can be interpreted in terms of the presence of an "interphase" of approximate thickness 2 nm around the nanoparticles, with elastic constants intermediate between those of the filler and the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Mathioudakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
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36
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Wang Z, Lv Q, Chen S, Li C, Sun S, Hu S. Effect of Interfacial Bonding on Interphase Properties in SiO2/Epoxy Nanocomposite: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7499-508. [PMID: 26927032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to explore the effect of interfacial bonding on the interphase properties of a nanocomposite system that consists of a silica nanoparticle and the highly cross-linked epoxy matrix. For the structural properties, results show that interfacial covalent bonding can broaden the interphase region by increasing the radial effect range of fluctuated mass density and oriented chains, as well as strengthen the interphase region by improving the thermal stability of interfacial van der Waals excluded volume and reducing the proportion of cis conformers of epoxy segments. The improved thermal stability of the interphase region in the covalently bonded model results in an increase of ∼21 K in the glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to that of the pure epoxy. It is also found that interfacial covalent bonding mainly restricts the volume thermal expansion of the model at temperatures near or larger than Tg. Furthermore, investigations from mean-square displacement and fraction of immobile atoms point out that interfacial covalent and noncovalent bonding induces lower and higher mobility of interphase atoms than that of the pure epoxy, respectively. The obtained critical interfacial bonding ratio when the interphase and matrix atoms have the same mobility is 5.8%. These results demonstrate that the glass transitions of the interphase and matrix will be asynchronous when the interfacial bonding ratio is not 5.8%. Specifically, the interphase region will trigger the glass transition of the matrix when the ratio is larger than 5.8%, whereas it restrains the glass transition of the matrix when the ratio is smaller than 5.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lv
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong (China University of Petroleum) , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuangqing Sun
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong (China University of Petroleum) , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Songqing Hu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Energy Physics & Materials Science in Universities of Shandong (China University of Petroleum) , Qingdao 266580 Shandong Province, P. R. China
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37
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Hagita K, Morita H, Doi M, Takano H. Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Filled Polymer Nanocomposites under Uniaxial Elongation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hagita
- Department
of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- National Institute
of Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Center
of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 112-0001, China
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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38
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Karatrantos A, Clarke N, Kröger M. Modeling of Polymer Structure and Conformations in Polymer Nanocomposites from Atomistic to Mesoscale: A Review. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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39
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Hager J, Hentschke R, Hojdis NW, Karimi-Varzaneh HA. Computer Simulation of Particle–Particle Interaction in a Model Polymer Nanocomposite. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hager
- Fachbereich Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hentschke
- Fachbereich Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils W. Hojdis
- Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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40
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Chen T, Qian HJ, Zhu YL, Lu ZY. Structure and Dynamics Properties at Interphase Region in the Composite of Polystyrene and Cross-Linked Polystyrene Soft Nanoparticle. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502383n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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41
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Fu X, Huang G, Xie Z, Xing W. New insights into reinforcement mechanism of nanoclay-filled isoprene rubber during uniaxial deformation by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a denser network domain formed by incorporation of filler and its vital role in determining the strain-induced crystallization behavior of nanocomposites is proved by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengtian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Wang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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42
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Sipaut CS, Mansa RF, Padavettan V, Rahman IA, Dayou J, Jafarzadeh M. The Effect of Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Bismaleimide/Diamine Matrices. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coswald S. Sipaut
- Energy and Material Research Group; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu 88400 Sabah Malaysia
| | - Rachel F. Mansa
- Energy and Material Research Group; Faculty of Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu 88400 Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - Ismail Ab. Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Jedol Dayou
- Energy, Vibration and Sound Research Group (e-VIBS), Faculty of Science and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu 88400 Sabah Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jafarzadeh
- Energy, Vibration and Sound Research Group (e-VIBS), Faculty of Science and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu 88400 Sabah Malaysia
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43
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Voyiatzis E, Rahimi M, Müller-Plathe F, Böhm MC. How Thick Is the Polymer Interphase in Nanocomposites? Probing It by Local Stress Anisotropy and Gas Solubility. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500556q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Voyiatzis
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut
für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart
Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut
für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart
Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut
für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart
Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael C. Böhm
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut
für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Center of Smart
Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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44
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Gao Y, Liu J, Shen J, Wu Y, Zhang L. Influence of various nanoparticle shapes on the interfacial chain mobility: a molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21372-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Gao Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Cao D. Existence of a Glassy Layer in the Polymer-Nanosheet Interface: Evidence from Molecular Dynamics. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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46
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Pandey YN, Papakonstantopoulos GJ, Doxastakis M. Polymer/Nanoparticle Interactions: Bridging the Gap. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400444w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Narayan Pandey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77004, United States
| | | | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas 77004, United States
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47
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Lin CC, Gam S, Meth JS, Clarke N, Winey KI, Composto RJ. Do Attractive Polymer–Nanoparticle Interactions Retard Polymer Diffusion in Nanocomposites? Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Lin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Sangah Gam
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Meth
- Central Research & Development, DuPont Co., Wilmington, Delaware, 19880-0400, United States
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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48
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Jouault N, Moll JF, Meng D, Windsor K, Ramcharan S, Kearney C, Kumar SK. Bound Polymer Layer in Nanocomposites. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:371-374. [PMID: 35581840 DOI: 10.1021/mz300646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in characterizing the polymer layer that is effectively irreversibly bound to nanoparticles (NPs) because it is thought to underpin the unusual thermomechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNC). We study PNCs formed by mixing silica nanoparticles (NPs) with poly-2-vinylpyridine (P2VP) and compare the bound layer thickness δ determined by three different methods. We show that the thickness obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and assuming that the bound layer has a density corresponding to a dense melt clearly underestimates the real bound layer thickness. A more realistic extent of the bound layer is obtained by in situ measurements of the interaction pair potential between NPs in PNCs via analysis of TEM micrographs; we verify these estimates using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in θ solvent. Our results confirm the existence of long-ranged interactions between NPs corresponding roughly in size to the radius of gyration of the bound chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jouault
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joseph F. Moll
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 5000 Broadway,
New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kendra Windsor
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Stacy Ramcharan
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Clare Kearney
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
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49
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Kumar SK, Jouault N, Benicewicz B, Neely T. Nanocomposites with Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Nicolas Jouault
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Brian Benicewicz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tony Neely
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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50
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Yan LT, Xie XM. Computational modeling and simulation of nanoparticle self-assembly in polymeric systems: Structures, properties and external field effects. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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