1
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Jang S, Schroeder CM, Evans CM. Multiple energy dissipation modes in dynamic polymer networks with neutral and ionic junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39037399 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Polymer networks with controlled ratios of neutral and ionic dynamic crosslink points were prepared from ethylene glycol, boric acid, and lithium hydroxide. Both neutral and ionic sites led to the emergence of distinct damping modes separate from the glass transition. This work highlights the potential of polymer networks for multimodal damping spectra through dynamic bond selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongon Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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2
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Hervio V, Brûlet A, Creton C, Sanoja GE. Self-adhesion of uncrosslinked poly(butadiene- co-acrylonitrile), i.e. nitrile rubber, an inhomogeneous and associative polymer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2978-2985. [PMID: 38470374 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrile rubber (i.e., NBR) is a crosslinked copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile that finds widespread use in the automotive and aerospace industry as it sustains large, reversible deformations while resisting swelling by petrochemical fuels. We recently demonstrated that this material has a drift in composition due to the difference in reactivity between acrylonitrile and butadiene monomers during emulsion copolymerisation. Thus, although NBR is often thought of as a random copolymer, it does experience thermodynamic driving forces for self-assembly and kinetic barriers for processing like those of block copolymers.1 Here, we illustrate how such drift in composition hinders interdiffusion and prevents self-adhesion. The key result is that contacting uncrosslinked NBR (i) in the melt, (ii) in the presence of tackifiers, or (iii) in the presence of organic solvents promotes interdiffusion and enables self-adhesion. However, the contact times required for self-adhering, tc ∼ O(100 h), are orders of magnitude above those needed for non-polar synthetic rubbers like styrene-butadiene rubber (i.e., SBR) of comparable molecular weights and glass transition temperatures, tc ∼ O(100 s), unveiling the dramatic effect of compositional inhomogeneities and physical associations on polymer interdiffusion and large-strain mechanical properties. For example, when welded with organic solvents, the self-adhesion energy of NBR continues to increase after the solvent has evaporated because of polymer nanostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Hervio
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 7615, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 7615, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel E Sanoja
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 7615, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Laws TS, Mei H, Terlier T, Verduzco R, Stein GE. Tailoring the Wettability and Substrate Adherence of Thin Polymer Films with Surface-Segregating Bottlebrush Copolymer Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7201-7211. [PMID: 37172215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed "reactive" bottlebrush polymers based on styrene (S) and t-butyl acrylate (tBA) as additives for polystyrene (PS) coatings. The bottlebrush polymers spontaneously bloom to both the air and substrate interfaces during solution casting. While neat PS films are hydrophobic and poorly adhere to the native oxide on clean silicon wafers, the hydrophilicity and substrate adherence of bottlebrush-incorporating PS films can be tailored through the thermally activated deprotection of tBA to produce acrylic acid (AA) and acrylic anhydride (AH). A critical design parameter is the manner by which tBA is incorporated into the bottlebrush: When the bottlebrush side chains are copolymers of S and tBA, the extent of deprotection is extremely low, even after prolonged thermal annealing at elevated temperature. However, when the bottlebrush contains a mixture of poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and PS side chains, nearly all tBA is converted to AA and AH. Consequently, using the "mixed-chain" bottlebrush design with thermal processing and appropriate conditioning, the water contact angle is reduced from over 90° on unmodified PS down to 75° on bottlebrush-incorporating PS films, and the substrate adherence is improved in proportion to the extent of tBA deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Gila E Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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4
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Xu H, Ma S, Hou Y, Zhang Q, Wang R, Luo Y, Gao X. Machine Learning-Assisted Identification of Copolymer Microstructures Based on Microscopic Images. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47157-47166. [PMID: 36206079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of polymer materials is an important bridge between their molecular structure and macroproperties, which is of great significance to be effectively identified. With the increasing refinement of polymer material design, the microstructure of different polymer materials gradually converges, which is difficult to distinguish. In this study, the machine learning method is applied to recognize the microstructure. A highly accurate and interpretable model based on small experimental data sets has been completed by the methods of transfer learning and feature visualization, making the result of the model that can be explained from the perspective of physical chemistry. This work provides an idea for identifying microstructure and will help further promote intelligent polymer research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo315100, China
| | - Yang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo315100, China
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5
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Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Umana-Kossio H, Nguyen TD, Wang J, Olvera de la Cruz M, Torkelson JM. Unusual Glass Transition Breadths of Ionomers: Effects of Thermal Treatment and Charge-Carrying Side Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Umana-Kossio
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Drayer WF, Simmons DS. Sequence Effects on the Glass Transition of a Model Copolymer System. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Drayer
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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8
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Zdovc B, Li H, Zhao J, Pahovnik D, Žagar E. Influence of Microstructure on the Elution Behavior of Gradient Copolymers in Different Modes of Liquid Interaction Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7844-7852. [PMID: 35604324 PMCID: PMC9178556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of microstructure on the chromatographic behavior of gradient copolymers with different gradient strengths and block copolymer with completely segregated blocks by using gradient liquid adsorption chromatography (gLAC) and liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) for one of the copolymer constituents. The copolymers consist of repeating units of poly(propylene oxide) and poly(propylene phthalate) and have comparable average chemical composition and molar mass, and a narrow molar mass distribution to avoid as much as possible the influence of these parameters on the elution behavior of the copolymers. On both reversed stationary phases, the elution volume of gradient copolymers increases with the increasing strength of the gradient. The results indicate that for both modes of liquid interaction chromatography, it is important to consider the effect of microstructure on the elution behavior of the gradient copolymers in addition to the copolymer chemical composition and molar mass in the case of gLAC and the length of the chromatographically visible copolymer constituent in the case of LCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Zdovc
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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9
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Zhang N, Wang C, Chen H, Wu J, Han CC, Xu S. Electrospun Fibrous Membrane with Confined Chain Configuration: Dynamic Relaxation and Glass Transition. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050939. [PMID: 35267762 PMCID: PMC8912690 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic glass transition processes of electrospun membranes were first introduced to study their dynamic relaxation nature, which is not constantly in equilibrium. The relaxation modes of electrospun membranes are slow but measurable near and above the Tg, given the stretched chain over long distances. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and the general principle of mode-coupling theory (MCT), endothermic peak temperature and relaxation enthalpy were used to analyze the relaxation process by capturing these instantaneous “arrested” structures. The short- and long-wavelength relaxation modes could be identified with different annealing times and temperatures relative to DSC-measured Tg for electrospun membranes with different molecular weights. Results clearly showed the dynamic nature of a glass transition in polymeric materials. Tp and enthalpy loss initially increased and then directly decreased with the increase in annealing time. When Ta > Tg, regardless of the size of the molecular weight, the Tp and enthalpy loss of the PLGA fibers would directly decrease, and the curves would shift toward the melted one. Combination of electrospinningand normal DSC instrument can be used to investigating the dynamic relax process through an adequately designed kinetic scanning procedure. This result can be explained by the general principle of MCT-type dynamic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
| | - Jiaen Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
| | - Charles C. Han
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (N.Z.); (C.W.); (H.C.); (J.W.); (C.C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Alshehri IH, Pahovnik D, Žagar E, Shipp DA. Stepwise Gradient Copolymers of n-Butyl Acrylate and Isobornyl Acrylate by Emulsion RAFT Copolymerizations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishah H. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, and Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5665, United States
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, and Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5665, United States
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11
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Sosnowski S, Szymanski R, Lorandi F, Olszewski M, Sobieski J, Yin R, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Distribution of Alternating Sequences in Methyl Methacrylate/n-Butyl Acrylate Copolymers Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Sosnowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz90-363, Poland
| | - Ryszard Szymanski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz90-363, Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Julian Sobieski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
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12
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Leguizamon SC, Powers J, Ahn J, Dickens S, Lee S, Jones BH. Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation in Rubber-Toughened Amine-Cured Epoxy Resins: Tuning Morphology from the Nano- to Macro-scale. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Leguizamon
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jackson Powers
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Juhong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sara Dickens
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Brad H. Jones
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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13
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Loukotová L, Švec P, Groborz O, Heizer T, Beneš H, Raabová H, Bělinová T, Herynek V, Hrubý M. Direct Comparison of Analogous Amphiphilic Gradient and Block Polyoxazolines. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky sq. 2, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky sq. 2, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky sq. 2, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Heizer
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovska 3, Prague 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky sq. 2, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raabová
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Bělinová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, alej Svobody 1655/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Herynek
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovska 3, Prague 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky sq. 2, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
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14
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Rivera-Gálvez FJ, López-Manchado MÁ, González-Ortiz LJ, Jasso-Gastinel CF. Interrelationship between feeding profiles and chains composition-morphology-mechanical properties for forced composition copolymers synthesized by redox initiation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Beránek P, Posocco P, Posel Z. Phase Behavior of Gradient Copolymer Melts with Different Gradient Strengths Revealed by Mesoscale Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2462. [PMID: 33114271 PMCID: PMC7690882 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and preparation of functional nanomaterials with specific properties requires precise control over their microscopic structure. A prototypical example is the self-assembly of diblock copolymers, which generate highly ordered structures controlled by three parameters: the chemical incompatibility between blocks, block size ratio and chain length. Recent advances in polymer synthesis have allowed for the preparation of gradient copolymers with controlled sequence chemistry, thus providing additional parameters to tailor their assembly. These are polydisperse monomer sequence, block size distribution and gradient strength. Here, we employ dissipative particle dynamics to describe the self-assembly of gradient copolymer melts with strong, intermediate, and weak gradient strength and compare their phase behavior to that of corresponding diblock copolymers. Gradient melts behave similarly when copolymers with a strong gradient are considered. Decreasing the gradient strength leads to the widening of the gyroid phase window, at the expense of cylindrical domains, and a remarkable extension of the lamellar phase. Finally, we show that weak gradient strength enhances chain packing in gyroid structures much more than in lamellar and cylindrical morphologies. Importantly, this work also provides a link between gradient copolymers morphology and parameters such as chemical incompatibility, chain length and monomer sequence as support for the rational design of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Beránek
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Zbyšek Posel
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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16
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Synthesis of 4-acetoxystyrene – t-butyl acrylate statistical, block and gradient copolymers, and the effect of the structure of copolymers on their properties. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Rivera-Gálvez FJ, González-Ortiz LJ, López-Manchado MA, Hernández-Hernández ME, Jasso-Gastinel CF. A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122125. [PMID: 31861220 PMCID: PMC6960602 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new methodology for the synthesis of three-component polymers (TCPs) was developed using a seeded, semi-continuous free-radical emulsion polymerization towards the optimization of the moduli–ultimate deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity for a styrene (S), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) system. The three components were sequentially fed in pairs, varying feed composition along the conversion using S as the common monomer. To prepare a reference material, an industrial method was utilized with those monomers, using an equivalent global composition in a two-stage batch process (TS). Nanophase formation in the particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the separation of the phases in the solid samples was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in glass transition temperature were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The latter was primarily used to compare mechanodynamic properties as a function of temperature for the two synthesis methods used. Thus, the higher toughness of the forced composition three-component polymeric materials was evaluated by means of their energy dissipation capacity, toughness, and stress–strain measurements at several temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Rivera-Gálvez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán, 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.J.R.-G.); (M.E.H.-H.)
| | - Luis J. González-Ortiz
- Chemistry Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán, 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. López-Manchado
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María E. Hernández-Hernández
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán, 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.J.R.-G.); (M.E.H.-H.)
| | - Carlos F. Jasso-Gastinel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán, 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (F.J.R.-G.); (M.E.H.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Fang J, Wang S, Luo Y. One‐pot synthesis of octablock copolymers of high‐molecular weight via RAFT emulsion polymerization. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | | | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Li H, Luo Y, Gao X. Preparation of Soft Shape Memory Polymer and Its Application as a Compliant Thermal‐Triggered Gripper. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Ningbo Research InstituteZhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China
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20
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Alam MM, Jack KS, Hill DJ, Whittaker AK, Peng H. Gradient copolymers – Preparation, properties and practice. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Chang T, Zhang H, Shen X, Hu Z. Polymer-Polymer Interfacial Perturbation on the Glass Transition of Supported Low Molecular Weight Polystyrene Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:435-441. [PMID: 35651128 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying interfacial perturbation on polymer relaxation is important for polymer material development. Herein we investigated polymer-polymer interfacial perturbation on low molecular weight (MW) polystyrene (PS) thin film (15-180 nm) glass transition by depositing various polymers atop PS films. Overall, rubbery topcoats induced Tg depression of PS thin film (below 60 nm), while glassy topcoats induced Tg elevation of PS thin film (below 30 nm). Importantly, for the rubbery topcoat, Tg perturbation strength is largely dependent on the Tg difference between interfacial polymers and a larger Tg difference would induce stronger perturbation, while for the glassy topcoat this dependence is inconspicuous. Meanwhile, the interfacial perturbation length during PS glass transition by rubbery topcoats is estimated to be around 8 nm, while it is considered to be about 3.5 nm for glassy topcoats. The different interfacial perturbation length induced by disparate topcoats was accounted for by their different perturbation strength on adjacent PS molecules and disparate interfacial roughness. The results can promote the understanding of polymer interfacial perturbation and benefit the design and development of polymer-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Chang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xuezhen Shen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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22
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Huang J, Luo Y, Gao X. Morphology and mechanical properties of Acrylonitrile‐styrene‐acrylate toughened plastics with block copolymer chain structure. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentMinnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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23
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Zhang J, Farias-Mancilla B, Destarac M, Schubert US, Keddie DJ, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Harrisson S. Asymmetric Copolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Gradient and Other Partially Segregated Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800357. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory; of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology; Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi’an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Barbara Farias-Mancilla
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Daniel J. Keddie
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Université de Toulouse; CNRS UMR 5623; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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24
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Li L, Marrou SR, Torkelson JM. Remarkable glass transition breadths up to 120 K exhibited by block-gradient copolymers and by gradient copolymers plasticized by oligomer. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Weng F, Li J, Lai L, Yu W, Severtson SJ, Wang WJ. Influence of Phase Separation on Performance of Graft Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives with Various Copolyester Side Chains. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6945-6954. [PMID: 31458860 PMCID: PMC6644624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives with various polyester side-chain lengths were synthesized to investigate the effect of branching on phase separation and polymer mechanical performance. The polyester macromonomers (MMs) were produced through ring-opening co-polymerizations of l-lactide (l-LA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) initiated with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which provides the polyester chains with terminal vinyl groups. By varying the HEMA content, a range of MM chain lengths constructed from L10C4 (five l-LA and four ε-CL units) to L100C40 were obtained at a constant monomer mole ratio. Copolymerization of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid with these MMs at constant mass composition provided a series of comb copolymers consisting of acrylic backbones with polyester branches of various chain lengths. Characterization of thin films cast from the polymers using thermal analysis and scanning probe microscopy showed a transition from a homogeneous phase to the formation of distinct microphases with increasing branching chain lengths. Rheological analysis of the linear viscoelastic responses was also used through small-amplitude oscillatory shear, and dynamic master curves were constructed by time-temperature superposition. The rheological data were also consistent with phase separation for the longer side-chain lengths of L50C20 and L100C40. The extra elastic contribution at low frequency and the temperature dependence of a T both show obviously effect of separated phases. Performance testing of polymer films showed that the chain extension resulted in a significant increase in both peel strength and shear resistance, which was accompanied by a modest decrease in film tackiness. The results demonstrate that tailoring branch chain structures provide a promising means for controlling the properties of the high-biomass content adhesive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Feiyin Weng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Lei Lai
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced
Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Steven John Severtson
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 2004 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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26
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Jin K, Leitsch EK, Chen X, Heath WH, Torkelson JM. Segmented Thermoplastic Polymers Synthesized by Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry: Examples of Thiol–Norbornene and Thiol–Maleimide Click Reactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Askar S, Wei T, Tan AW, Torkelson JM. Molecular weight dependence of the intrinsic size effect on T g in AAO template-supported polymer nanorods: A DSC study. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203323. [PMID: 28571378 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have established a major effect of nanoscale confinement on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene (PS), most commonly in thin films with one or two free surfaces. Here, we characterize smaller yet significant intrinsic size effects (in the absence of free surfaces or significant attractive polymer-substrate interactions) on the Tg and fragility of PS. Melt infiltration of various molecular weights (MWs) of PS into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates is used to create nanorods supported on AAO with rod diameter (d) ranging from 24 to 210 nm. The Tg (both as Tg,onset and fictive temperature) and fragility values are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. No intrinsic size effect is observed for 30 kg/mol PS in template-supported nanorods with d = 24 nm. However, effects on Tg are present for PS nanorods with Mn and Mw ≥ ∼175 kg/mol, with effects increasing in magnitude with increasing MW. For example, in 24-nm-diameter template-supported nanorods, Tg, rod - Tg, bulk = -2.0 to -2.5 °C for PS with Mn = 175 kg/mol and Mw = 182 kg/mol, and Tg, rod - Tg, bulk = ∼-8 °C for PS with Mn = 929 kg/mol and Mw = 1420 kg/mol. In general, reductions in Tg occur when d ≤ ∼2Rg, where Rg is the bulk polymer radius of gyration. Thus, intrinsic size effects are significant when the rod diameter is smaller than the diameter (2Rg) associated with the spherical volume pervaded by coils in bulk. We hypothesize that the Tg reduction occurs when chain segment packing frustration is sufficiently perturbed by confinement in the nanorods. This explanation is supported by observed reductions in fragility with the increasing extent of confinement. We also explain why these small intrinsic size effects do not contradict reports that the Tg-confinement effect in supported PS films with one free surface exhibits little or no MW dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadid Askar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tong Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Anthony W Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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28
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Napolitano S, Glynos E, Tito NB. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:036602. [PMID: 28134134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When cooled or pressurized, polymer melts exhibit a tremendous reduction in molecular mobility. If the process is performed at a constant rate, the structural relaxation time of the liquid eventually exceeds the time allowed for equilibration. This brings the system out of equilibrium, and the liquid is operationally defined as a glass-a solid lacking long-range order. Despite almost 100 years of research on the (liquid/)glass transition, it is not yet clear which molecular mechanisms are responsible for the unique slow-down in molecular dynamics. In this review, we first introduce the reader to experimental methodologies, theories, and simulations of glassy polymer dynamics and vitrification. We then analyse the impact of connectivity, structure, and chain environment on molecular motion at the length scale of a few monomers, as well as how macromolecular architecture affects the glass transition of non-linear polymers. We then discuss a revised picture of nanoconfinement, going beyond a simple picture based on interfacial interactions and surface/volume ratio. Analysis of a large body of experimental evidence, results from molecular simulations, and predictions from theory supports, instead, a more complex framework where other parameters are relevant. We focus discussion specifically on local order, free volume, irreversible chain adsorption, the Debye-Waller factor of confined and confining media, chain rigidity, and the absolute value of the vitrification temperature. We end by highlighting the molecular origin of distributions in relaxation times and glass transition temperatures which exceed, by far, the size of a chain. Fast relaxation modes, almost universally present at the free surface between polymer and air, are also remarked upon. These modes relax at rates far larger than those characteristic of glassy dynamics in bulk. We speculate on how these may be a signature of unique relaxation processes occurring in confined or heterogeneous polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Askar S, Li L, Torkelson JM. Polystyrene-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles: Investigating the Molecular Weight Dependence of Glass Transition and Fragility Behavior. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadid Askar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Beniah G, Heath WH, Jeon J, Torkelson JM. Tuning the properties of segmented polyhydroxyurethanes via chain extender structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goliath Beniah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
| | | | - Junho Jeon
- The Dow Chemical Company; Freeport Texas 77541
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
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31
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Beniah G, Uno BE, Lan T, Jeon J, Heath WH, Scheidt KA, Torkelson JM. Tuning nanophase separation behavior in segmented polyhydroxyurethane via judicious choice of soft segment. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Ogura Y, Terashima T, Sawamoto M. Synthesis of fluorinated gradient copolymers via in situ transesterification with fluoroalcohols in tandem living radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated gradient copolymers were synthesized by the tandem catalysis of ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization and titanium alkoxide-mediated transesterification of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with fluoroalcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ogura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
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33
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Xiang Q, Luo Y. A new scalable-up approach to non-iridescent structural blue films with relatively high tensile properties via RAFT emulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Beniah G, Liu K, Heath WH, Miller MD, Scheidt KA, Torkelson JM. Novel thermoplastic polyhydroxyurethane elastomers as effective damping materials over broad temperature ranges. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Zhou SX, Janes DW, Kim CB, Willson CG, Ellison CJ. Designing Intrablock Attractions To Increase the χ Parameter of a Symmetric Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunshine X. Zhou
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin W. Janes
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - C. Grant Willson
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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36
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Sethuraman V, Ganesan V. Segmental dynamics in lamellar phases of tapered copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7818-7823. [PMID: 27714358 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have reported that the lamellar phase of salt-doped tapered copolymers exhibit higher ionic conductivity compared to those seen in similar morphologies of diblock copolymers. Such observations were in turn rationalized by invoking the corresponding glass transition temperature of the segregated copolymers. In this work we report the results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to identify the mechanisms underlying such characteristics. Explicitly, we probe the combined influences of the degree of segregation and the disparity in mobilities of the segments of the two blocks, upon the local relaxation dynamics of tapered copolymers segregated in lamellar phases. Our results show that the local dynamics of tapered copolymers depend on two independent factors, viz., the degree of segregation of such copolymers relative to their order-disorder transition temperature, and the relative mobilities (glass transition temperatures) of the two blocks. In qualitative correspondence with experiments, we find that for appropriate combinations of mobility ratios and degree of segregation, the lamellar phases of tapered copolymers can exhibit faster local segmental dynamics compared to diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanathan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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37
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Xu J, Mittal V, Bates FS. Toughened Isotactic Polypropylene: Phase Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Blends with Strategically Designed Random Copolymer Modifiers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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38
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Jin K, Li L, Torkelson JM. Recyclable Crosslinked Polymer Networks via One-Step Controlled Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6746-50. [PMID: 27206061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A nitroxide-mediated polymerization strategy allows one-step synthesis of recyclable crosslinked polymeric materials from any monomers or polymers that contain carbon-carbon double bonds amenable to radical polymerization. The resulting materials with dynamic covalent bonds can show full property recovery after multiple melt-reprocessing recycles. This one-step strategy provides for both robust, relatively sustainable recyclability of crosslinked polymers and design of networks for advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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39
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Jin K, Wilmot N, Heath WH, Torkelson JM. Phase-Separated Thiol–Epoxy–Acrylate Hybrid Polymer Networks with Controlled Cross-Link Density Synthesized by Simultaneous Thiol–Acrylate and Thiol–Epoxy Click Reactions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Wilmot
- The Dow Chemical
Company, Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
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40
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Zheng Z, Gao X, Luo Y, Zhu S. Employing Gradient Copolymer To Achieve Gel Polymer Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenan Zheng
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
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41
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Li X, Mastan E, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Progress in reactor engineering of controlled radical polymerization: a comprehensive review. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) represents an important advancement in polymer chemistry. It allows synthesis of polymers with well-controlled chain microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Erlita Mastan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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42
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Jennings J, He G, Howdle SM, Zetterlund PB. Block copolymer synthesis by controlled/living radical polymerisation in heterogeneous systems. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5055-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We review the range of CLRP-controlled syntheses of block copolymer particles in dispersed systems, which are being exploited to create new opportunities for the design of nanostructured soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jennings
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - G. He
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - S. M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - P. B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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43
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Evans CM, Kim S, Roth CB, Priestley RD, Broadbelt LJ, Torkelson JM. Role of neighboring domains in determining the magnitude and direction of Tg-confinement effects in binary, immiscible polymer systems. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Seo Y, Brown JR, Hall LM. Effect of Tapering on Morphology and Interfacial Behavior of Diblock Copolymers from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Seo
- William G. Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Brown
- William G. Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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45
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Guo Y, Hill DJT, Whittaker AK, Jack KS, Peng H. Terpolymerization of Styrenic Photoresist Polymers: Effect of RAFT Polymerization on the Compositional Heterogeneity. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, §Centre for Advanced Imaging, ∥Australian Research Council Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and ⊥Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. T. Hill
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, §Centre for Advanced Imaging, ∥Australian Research Council Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and ⊥Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, §Centre for Advanced Imaging, ∥Australian Research Council Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and ⊥Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kevin S. Jack
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, §Centre for Advanced Imaging, ∥Australian Research Council Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and ⊥Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, §Centre for Advanced Imaging, ∥Australian Research Council Centre for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and ⊥Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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46
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Li X, Liang S, Wang WJ, Li BG, Luo Y, Zhu S. Model-Based Production of Polymer Chains Having Precisely Designed End-to-End Gradient Copolymer Composition and Chain Topology Distributions in Controlled Radical Polymerization, A Review. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shaoning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang P.R. China 310027
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4L7
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47
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Jin K, Torkelson JM. Tg and Tg breadth of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)/polystyrene miscible polymer blends characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, ellipsometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Assumma L, Iojoiu C, Mercier R, Lyonnard S, Nguyen HD, Planes E. Synthesis of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers bearing perfluorosulfonic functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Assumma
- LEPMI, University of Grenoble; F-38000 Grenoble France
- LEPMI, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- LEPMI, University of Grenoble; F-38000 Grenoble France
- LEPMI, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Régis Mercier
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR-5223, IMP@LYON1, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; 15 Bd. A Latarjet 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- INAC/SPrAM, Groupe Polymères Conducteurs Ioniques, UMR-5819, CEA-CNRS-UJF, CEA-Grenoble; 17 Rue de Martyrs 38054 Grenoble CEDEX 9 France
| | - Huu Dat Nguyen
- LEPMI, University of Grenoble; F-38000 Grenoble France
- LEPMI, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Emilie Planes
- LEPMI, CNRS; F-38000 Grenoble France
- LEPMI, University of Savoie; F-73000 Chambéry France
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49
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Guo Y, Gao X, Luo Y. Mechanical properties of gradient copolymers of styrene and n
-butyl acrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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50
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Kuan WF, Remy R, Mackay ME, Epps, III TH. Controlled ionic conductivity via tapered block polymer electrolytes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapered block polymer electrolytes have been developed and exhibited enhanced room temperature conductivity relative to poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (P(S-EO)) and non-tapered poly(s-b-oligo-oxyethylene methacrylate) (P(S-OEM)) counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fan Kuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Roddel Remy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Michael E. Mackay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Thomas H. Epps, III
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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