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Peng YY, Cheng Q, Wu M, Wang W, Zhao J, Diaz-Dussan D, McKay M, Zeng H, Ummartyotin S, Narain R. Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing, Injectable and pH Responsive Hydrogel from Multiple Hydrogen Bonding and Boron-Carbohydrate Interactions. Gels 2023; 9:709. [PMID: 37754389 PMCID: PMC10530767 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective method for the fabrication of a safe, dual-responsive, highly stretchable, self-healing and injectable hydrogel is reported based on a combination of dynamic boronate ester bonds and hydrogen bonding interactions. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel are tunable by adjusting the molar ratios between sugar moieties on the polymer and borax. It was remarkable to note that the 2:1 ratio of sugar and borate ion significantly improves the mechanical strength of the hydrogel. The injectability, self-healing and stretchability properties of the hydrogel were also examined. In addition, the impact of the variation of the pH and the addition of free sugar responsiveness of the hydrogel was studied. High MRC-5 cell viability was noticed by the 3D live/dead assay after 24 h cell culture within the hydrogel scaffold. Hence, the developed hydrogels have desirable features that warrant their applications for drug delivery, scaffolds for cell and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Qiuli Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jianyang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China;
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Michelle McKay
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada; (Y.-Y.P.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (D.D.-D.); (M.M.); (H.Z.)
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2
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Thalji MR, Ibrahim AA, Chong KF, Soldatov AV, Ali GAM. Glycopolymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Biosensing Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:45. [PMID: 35951265 PMCID: PMC9366760 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the scientific community's attention due to their potential applications. Recently, they have been found to be a unique synthetic biomaterial; glycopolymer materials have also been used for various applications, including direct therapeutic methods, medical adhesives, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensor applications. Therefore, for the next stage of biomaterial research, it is essential to understand current breakthroughs in glycopolymer-based materials research. This review discusses the most widely utilized synthetic methodologies for glycopolymer-based materials, their properties based on structure–function interactions, and the significance of these materials in biosensing applications, among other topics. When creating glycopolymer materials, contemporary polymerization methods allow precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, chemical activity, and polymer architecture. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and complexities of glycopolymer-based biosensors, in addition to their potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Thalji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Amal Amin Ibrahim
- Polymers and pigments department, Chemical industries research institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Kwok Feng Chong
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Str. 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Gomaa A M Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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3
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Pelras T, Loos K. Strategies for the synthesis of sequence-controlled glycopolymers and their potential for advanced applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Zhao J, Diaz-Dussan D, Wu M, Peng YY, Wang J, Zeng H, Duan W, Kong L, Hao X, Narain R. Dual-Cross-Linked Network Hydrogels with Multiresponsive, Self-Healing, and Shear Strengthening Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:800-810. [PMID: 33320540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual-cross-linked network (DCN) hydrogels with multiresponsive and self-healing properties are attracting intensive interests due to their enhanced mechanical strength for a wide range of applications. Herein, we developed a DCN hydrogel that combines a dynamic imine and a benzoxaboronic ester with a neutral pKa value (∼7.2) as dual linkages and contains biocompatible zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [poly(MPC)] as the backbone. Oscillatory rheology result indicated shear strengthening mechanical properties compared to the single-cross-linked network (SCN) hydrogels, which use either imine bond or benzoxaboronic ester as the linkage alone. Due to the coexistence of stimuli-responsive imine and benzoxaboronic ester, the DCN hydrogels show sensitive multiple responsiveness to pH, sugar, and hydrogen peroxide. The dynamic nature of the dual linkages endows the DCN hydrogels with excellent self-healing ability after fracture. More importantly, the excellent biocompatibility and performance in three-dimensional (3D) cell encapsulation were established by a cytotoxicity Live/Dead assay, indicating DCN hydrogel's great potential as a cell culture scaffold. The biocompatible poly(MPC)-based backbone and the rapid formation of the cross-linking network make the DCN hydrogels promising candidates for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Zhao
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.,Manufacturing, CSIRO, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Hao
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85th Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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5
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Zheng L, Luo Y, Chen K, Zhang Z, Chen G. Highly Branched Gradient Glycopolymer: Enzyme-Assisted Synthesis and Enhanced Bacteria-Binding Ability. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5233-5240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zheng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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6
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Zheng Y, Luo Y, Feng K, Zhang W, Chen G. High Throughput Screening of Glycopolymers: Balance between Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Property. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:326-330. [PMID: 35650837 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To search for synthetic agents with low cytotoxicity and good antibacterial activity is essential for antimicrobial applications. Here we report a high throughput technique that carried out in multiwell plates via recyclable-catalyst-aided, opened-to-air, and sunlight-photolyzed RAFT (ROS-RAFT) polymerization. By using this method, three key monomers (MAG the sugar unit, DMAPMA the positively charged monomer, and DEMAA the hydrophobic monomer) can be polymerized in a controlled manner to afford glycopolymers. This simple high throughput technology is used to synthesize glycopolymers with variable compositions. The bacterial adhesion/killing ability and cytotoxicity of synthesized polymers have been evaluated, and glycopolymers with certain composition can achieve a balance of low cytotoxic and good antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zheng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Chen Y, Tan Z, Wang W, Peng YY, Narain R. Injectable, Self-Healing, and Multi-Responsive Hydrogels via Dynamic Covalent Bond Formation between Benzoxaborole and Hydroxyl Groups. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:1028-1035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Zhengzhong Tan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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8
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Mielańczyk A, Kupczak M, Burek M, Mielańczyk Ł, Klymenko O, Wandzik I, Neugebauer D. Functional (mikto)stars and star-comb copolymers from d-gluconolactone derivative: An efficient route for tuning the architecture and responsiveness to stimuli. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Singhsa P, Diaz-Dussan D, Manuspiya H, Narain R. Well-Defined Cationic N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide Hydrochloride-Based (Co)polymers for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017; 19:209-221. [PMID: 29195038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic glycopolymers have shown to be excellent candidates for the fabrication of gene delivery devices due to their ability to electrostatically interact with negatively charged nucleic acids and the carbohydrate residues ensure enhanced stability and low toxicity of the polyplexes. The ability to engineer the polymers for optimized compositions, molecular weights, and architectures is critical in the design of effective gene delivery vehicles. Therefore, in this study, the aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) was used to synthesize well-defined cationic glycopolymers with various cationic segments. For the preparation of cationic parts, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide hydrochloride (DMAPMA·HCl), water-soluble methacrylamide monomer containing tertiary amine, was polymerized to produce DMAPMA·HCl homopolymer, which was then used as macroCTA in the block copolymerization with two other methacrylamide monomers containing different pendant groups, namely, 2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride (AEMA) (with primary amine) and N-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine methacrylamide (MPMA) (with morpholine ring). In addition, statistical copolymers of DMAPMA.HCl with either AEMA or MPMA were also synthesized. All resulting cationic polymers were utilized as macroCTA for the RAFT copolymerization with 2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylamide (LAEMA), which consists of the pendent galactose residues to achieve DMAPMA·HCl-based glycopolymers. From the in vitro cytotoxicity study, the cationic glycopolymers showed better cell viabilities than the corresponding cationic homopolymers. Furthermore, complexation of the cationic polymers with siRNA, cellular uptake of the resulting polyplexes, and gene knockdown efficiencies were evaluated. All cationic polymers/glycopolymers demonstrated good complexation ability with siRNA at low weight ratios. Among these cationic polymer-siRNA polyplexes, the polyplexes prepared from the two glycopolymers, P(DMAPMA65-b-LAEMA15) and P[(DMAPMA65-b-MPMA63)-b-LAEMA16], showed outstanding results in the cellular uptake, high EGFR knockdown, and low post-transfection toxicity, suggesting the great potential in siRNA delivery of these novel glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyawadee Singhsa
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University , Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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10
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Jans A, Rosencrantz RR, Mandić AD, Anwar N, Boesveld S, Trautwein C, Moeller M, Sellge G, Elling L, Kuehne AJC. Glycan-Functionalized Microgels for Scavenging and Specific Binding of Lectins. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1460-1465. [PMID: 28257575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a well-defined carbohydrate recognition domain. Many microbial proteins such as bacterial toxins possess lectin or lectin-like binding domains to interact with cell membranes that are decorated with glycan recognition motifs. We report a straightforward way to prepare monodisperse and biocompatible polyethylene glycol microgels, which carry glycan motifs for specific binding to lectins. The sugar-functionalized colloids exhibit a wide mesh size and a highly accessible volume. The microgels are prepared via drop-based microfluidics combined with radical polymerization. GSII and ECL are used as model lectins that bind specifically to the corresponding carbohydrates, namely, GlcNAc and LacNAc. LacNAc microgels bind ECL with a high capacity and high affinity (Kd ≈ 0.5 to 1 μM), suggesting multivalent binding of the lectin to the LacNAc-decorated flexible microgel network. Glycan-functionalized microgels present a useful tool for lectin scavenging in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jans
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruben R Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana D Mandić
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Naveed Anwar
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Boesveld
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Sellge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Singhsa P, Manuspiya H, Narain R. Study of the RAFT homopolymerization and copolymerization of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide hydrochloride and evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the resulting homo- and copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00837f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined p(DMAPMA·HCl) homopolymers with good chain extension ability were obtained by the RAFT in acidic conditions and precipitation in acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyawadee Singhsa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Donadeo Innovation Centre in Engineering
- Edmonton
- Canada
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College
| | - Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Donadeo Innovation Centre in Engineering
- Edmonton
- Canada
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12
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Lu H, Xiang L, Cui X, Liu J, Wang Y, Narain R, Zeng H. Molecular Weight Dependence of Synthetic Glycopolymers on Flocculation and Dewatering of Fine Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11615-11622. [PMID: 27741575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, poly(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylamide) of various molecular weights (MWs) was synthesized using conventional free-radical polymerization. The effect of MW and polymer dosage on the settling rate of kaolin particles, turbidity of the supernatant, mud-line position, and solid content was investigated to determine the flocculation performance. The interaction forces, polymer conformation, particle sizes, and MWs were determined using several techniques, including surface forces apparatus, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering, and gel permeation chromatography. Our results reveal that the initial settling rate of kaolin particles and the clarity of supernatants increase with increasing MW of the glycopolymers. Surface force measurements and AFM imaging of the adsorbed polymer surfaces show strong polymer-particle adhesion and bridging attraction between the glycopolymers and clay surfaces, which increase with increasing MW of the glycopolymer. The strengthened bridging attraction with the polymer MW is attributed to the formation of stronger adhesion (e.g., via hydrogen bonding) between the fine particles and the abundant hydroxyl groups in the glycopolymers of higher MW, thus contributing to enhanced flocculation behaviors. Our results provide new insights into the development of eco-friendly polymer flocculants based on glycopolymers for an efficient solid-liquid separation in tailing treatment and into the fundamental understanding of associated intermolecular interactions and flocculation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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13
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14
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Jin Y, Wong KH, Granville AM. Developing localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor chips and fiber optics via direct surface modification of PMMA optical waveguides. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Wang T, Tang X, Han J, Ding Y, Guo W, Pei M. Biodegradable Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Galactose-Containing Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers for Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel to HepG2 Cells. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:774-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tieshi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Xinde Tang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250023 China
| | - Jingtian Han
- School of Medicine; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai 264003 China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- School of Medicine; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai 264003 China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
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16
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Adokoh CK, Darkwa J, Narain R. Synthetic Approach to Glycopolymer Base Nanoparticle Gold(I) Conjugate: A New Generation of Therapeutic Agents. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1367:157-168. [PMID: 26537472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3130-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have led to the fabrication of nano-constructs of organic or inorganic origins with well-defined structures, surface properties, and can be made to respond to physical or chemical stimuli. These nano-constructs can provide a shift in the way diagnostic and therapeutic drugs are delivered to achieve target specificity and increased retention of therapeutic doses for considerable improvement in the overall treatment of the tumors. In this case we describe here a synthetic approach to glycopolymer base nanoparticle gold(I) conjugate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Adokoh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4.
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17
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Kohri M, Taniguchi T, Kishikawa K. Glycopolymer-Grafted Polymer Particles for Lectin Recognition. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1367:137-47. [PMID: 26537470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3130-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers bearing carbohydrates have an advantage in protein recognition that is attributable to the multivalent effect (cluster effect) of side-chain carbohydrates. A variety of surface-modified polymer particles have been prepared concurrently with the development of new synthetic technology. Here we describe a synthetic method of glycopolymer-grafted polymer particles by surface-initiated living radical polymerization, i.e., atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and photoiniferter polymerization, for specific lectin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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18
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Thapa B, Kumar P, Zeng H, Narain R. Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3008-20. [PMID: 26258607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. Hepatocytes exclusively express asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize and bind to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. Galactosylated polymers are therefore explored for targeted gene delivery to the liver. A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. The results confirmed that polyplexes with these polymers were taken up specifically by hepatocytes via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Thapa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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19
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Quan S, Wang Y, Zhou A, Kumar P, Narain R. Galactose-based Thermosensitive Nanogels for Targeted Drug Delivery of Iodoazomycin Arabinofuranoside (IAZA) for Theranostic Management of Hypoxic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1978-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quan
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Pei D, Li Y, Huang Q, Ren Q, Li F, Shi T. Biomimetic glycopolymers tethered gold nanoparticles: Preparation, self-assembly and lectin recognition properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Kotsuchibashi Y, Liu Y, Narain R. Study of bacterial adhesion on biomimetic temperature responsive glycopolymer surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1652-1661. [PMID: 25548940 DOI: 10.1021/am508792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for diseases such as bacteremia, chronic lung infection, and acute ulcerative keratitis. P. aeruginosa induced diseases can be fatal as the exotoxins and endotoxins released by the bacterium continue to damage host tissues even after the administration of antibiotics. As bacterial adhesion on cell surfaces is the first step in bacterial based pathogen infections, the control of bacteria-cell interactions is a worthwhile research target. In this work, thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [P(NIPAAm)] based biomimetic surfaces were developed to study the two major bacterial infection mechanisms, which is believed to be mediated by hydrophobic or lectin-carbohydrate interactions, using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Although, a greater number of P. aeruginosa adhered to the NIPAAm homopolymer modified surfaces at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the bacterium-substratum bond stiffness was stronger between P. aeruginosa and a galactose based P(NIPAAm) surface. The high bacterial adhesion bond stiffness observed on the galactose based thermally responsive surface at 37 °C might suggest that both hydrophobic and lectin-carbohydrate interactions contribute to bacterial adhesion on cell surfaces. Our investigation also suggests that the lectin-carbohydrate interaction play a significant role in bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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22
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, León O, Cerrada ML, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Sánchez-Chaves M, Fernández-García M. Chemical modification of block copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate to obtain amphiphilic glycopolymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Patil N, Falentin-Daudré C, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C. Mussel-inspired protein-repelling ambivalent block copolymers: controlled synthesis and characterization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of mussel-inspired acetonide-protected dopamine (meth)acrylamide monomers (ADA and ADMA) and its implementation to the synthesis of innovative ambivalent block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Patil
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Céline Falentin-Daudré
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
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24
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Chen W, Meng F, Cheng R, Deng C, Feijen J, Zhong Z. Biodegradable glycopolymer-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) block copolymer micelles: versatile construction, tailored lactose functionality, and hepatoma-targeted drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2308-2317. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An illustration of versatile construction of biodegradable glycopolymer-PCL micelles with tailored LBA-functionality for hepatoma-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jan Feijen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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25
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Obata M, Kobori T, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Aqueous RAFT synthesis of block and statistical copolymers of 2-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate with 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and their application for nonviral gene delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statistical and block glycopolymers presenting d-mannose were prepared by aqueous RAFT polymerization, and the effect of the microstructure on gene delivery was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu 400-8510
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Kobori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu 400-8510
- Japan
| | - Shiho Hirohara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Ube National College of Technology
- Ube 755-8555
- Japan
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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26
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Yuan F, Wang S, Lu W, Chen G, Tu K, Jiang H, Wang LQ. Facile preparation of cancer-specific polyelectrolyte nanogels from natural and synthetic sugar polymers. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4546-4554. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated polyelectrolyte nanogels prepared from natural and synthetic sugar polymers with excellent colloidal stability, specific bioactivities and imaging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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27
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Yilmaz G, Becer CR. Glycopolymer code based on well-defined glycopolymers or glyconanomaterials and their biomolecular recognition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:39. [PMID: 25353022 PMCID: PMC4196633 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the glycopolymer technology have allowed the preparation of more complex and well-defined glycopolymers/particles with several architectures from linear to globular structures (such as micelles, dendrimers, and nanogels). In the last decade, functionalized self-assembled/decided nano-objects and scaffolds containing glycopolymers were designed to develop many biological and biomedical applications in diseases treatments such as pathogen detection, inhibitors of toxins, and lectin-based biosensors. These studies will facilitate the understanding and investigation of the sugar code on the carbohydrate-lectin interactions, which are significantly influenced by the glycopolymer architecture, valency, size, and density of binding elements. In this context, these advanced and selected glycopolymers/particles showing specific interactions with various lectins are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Basic Sciences, Turkish Military Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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28
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Wang Y, Kotsuchibashi Y, Uto K, Ebara M, Aoyagi T, Liu Y, Narain R. pH and glucose responsive nanofibers for the reversible capture and release of lectins. Biomater Sci 2014. [PMID: 26214198 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00269e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A dual pH and glucose responsive boronic acid containing nanofiber was constructed for the reversible capture and release of lectins. The effects of surface groups and pH values on selective lectin capture were investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Compared to the pristine nanofibrous membrane, glucose and galactose functionalized nanofiber surfaces showed significantly higher capture of ConA and Jacalin, under alkaline conditions. On the other hand, treatment of the modified nanofibers with an acidic solution resulted in the detachment of both the lectins and glycopolymers from the nanofiber surface. As expected, once the glycopolymers are displaced, no lectins were adhered to the nanofiber surface under alkaline conditions. These functional nanofibers can therefore be easily modified and hence can be used for quick removal of selective proteins or toxins from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada.
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29
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Adokoh CK, Quan S, Hitt M, Darkwa J, Kumar P, Narain R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycopolymeric Decorated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Gold-Triphenyl Phosphine as Anti-Cancer Agents. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3802-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5010977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Adokoh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | | | | | - James Darkwa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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30
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Vela Ramirez JE, Roychoudhury R, Habte HH, Cho MW, Pohl NLB, Narasimhan B. Carbohydrate-functionalized nanovaccines preserve HIV-1 antigen stability and activate antigen presenting cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1387-406. [PMID: 25068589 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.940243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles with ligands that target specific receptors on immune cells offers the opportunity to tailor adjuvant properties by conferring pathogen mimicking attributes to the particles. Polyanhydride nanoparticles are promising vaccine adjuvants with desirable characteristics such as immunomodulation, sustained antigen release, activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and stabilization of protein antigens. These capabilities can be exploited to design nanovaccines against viral pathogens, such as HIV-1, due to the important role of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages in viral spread. In this work, an optimized process was developed for carbohydrate functionalization of HIV-1 antigen-loaded polyanhydride nanoparticles. The carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles preserved antigenic properties upon release and also enabled sustained antigen release kinetics. Particle internalization was observed to be chemistry-dependent with positively charged nanoparticles being taken up more efficiently by DCs. Up-regulation of the activation makers CD40 and CD206 was demonstrated with carboxymethyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl-(1,2)-d-mannopyranoside functionalized nanoparticles. The secretion of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α was shown to be chemistry-dependent upon stimulation with carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles. These results offer important new insights upon the interactions between carbohydrate-functionalized nanoparticles and APCs and provide foundational information for the rational design of targeted nanovaccines against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Vela Ramirez
- a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011 , USA
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31
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Wang Y, Narain R, Liu Y. Study of bacterial adhesion on different glycopolymer surfaces by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7377-7387. [PMID: 24885262 DOI: 10.1021/la5016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are involved in a wide variety of cellular recognition processes including cell growth regulation, differentiation and adhesion, the immune response, and viral or bacterial infections. A common way for bacteria to achieve adhesion is through their fimbriae which possess cellular lectins that can bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. In this work, we synthesized glycopolymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization which were subsequently immobilized on a sensor surface for studies of bacterial adhesion by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Ricinus communis Agglutinin (RCA120), a galactose specific lectin, was first studied by QCM-D to determine the specific lectin interactions to the different glycopolymers-treated surfaces. Subsequently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (a Gram-negative bacterium with galactose-specific binding C-type lectin (PA-IL)) and Escherichia coli K-12 (a Gram-negative bacterium with mannose-specific binding lectin) were then used as model bacteria to study bacterial adhesion mechanisms on different polymer-treated sensor surfaces by the coupled resonance theory. Our results showed that lectin-carbohydrate interactions play significant roles in comparison to the nonspecific interactions, such as electrostatic interactions. A significantly higher amount of P. aeruginosa PAO1 could adhere on the glycopolymer surface with strong contact point stiffness as compared to E. coli K-12 on the same surface. Furthermore, in comparison to E. coli K-12, the adhesion of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to the glycopolymers was found to be highly dependent on the presence of calcium ions due to the specific C-type lectin interactions of PA-IL, and also the enhanced bacterial adhesion is attributed to the stiffer glycopolymer surface in higher ionic strength condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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32
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Wang Y, Kotsuchibashi Y, Liu Y, Narain R. Temperature-responsive hyperbranched amine-based polymers for solid-liquid separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2360-2368. [PMID: 24533692 DOI: 10.1021/la5003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive hyperbranched polymers containing primary amines as pendent groups have been synthesized for solid-liquid separation of kaolinite clay suspension. The effects of temperature, polymer charge density, and polymer architecture on particle flocculation have been investigated. Suspensions treated with the temperature-responsive amine-based hyperbranched polymers showed remarkable separation of the fine particles at a low polymer dosage of 10 ppm and at testing temperatures of 40 °C. In comparison to other polymers studied (linear and hyperbranched homopolymers and copolymers), the temperature-responsive amine-based hyperbranched copolymers showed better particle flocculation at 40 °C, as evidenced by the formation of a thinner sediment bed without compromising the amount of clay particles being flocculated. This superior solid-liquid separation performance can be explained by the hydrophobic interaction of PNIPAM segments on particle surfaces or the capture of additional free particles or small floc due to the exposure of buried positive charges (because of the phase separation of the hydrophilic amines and hydrophobic PNIPAM part) at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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33
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Aykaç A, Martos-Maldonado MC, Casas-Solvas JM, Quesada-Soriano I, García-Maroto F, García-Fuentes L, Vargas-Berenguel A. β-Cyclodextrin-bearing gold glyconanoparticles for the development of site specific drug delivery systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:234-242. [PMID: 24313322 DOI: 10.1021/la403454p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Three novel gold nanoparticles containing multiple long, flexible linkers decorated with lactose, β-cyclodextrin, and both simultaneously have been prepared. The interaction of such nanoparticles with β-d-galactose-recognizing lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was demonstrated by UV-vis studies. Gal-3 is well-known to be overexpressed in several human tumors and can act as a biorecognizable target. This technique also allowed us to estimate their loading capability toward the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX). Both results make these glyconanoparticles potential site-specific delivery systems for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Aykaç
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería , Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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34
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wei J, Yan S, Yu J, Li X. Promoting hepatocyte spheroid formation and functions by coculture with fibroblasts on micropatterned electrospun fibrous scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3029-3040. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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RAFT-based tri-component fluorescent glycopolymers: synthesis, characterization and application in lectin-mediated bacterial binding study. Glycoconj J 2013; 31:133-43. [PMID: 24218180 PMCID: PMC3901943 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A group of fluorescent statistical glycopolymers, prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-based polymerizations, were successfully employed in lectin-mediated bacterial binding studies. The resultant glycopolymers contained three different monomers: N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (HEAA), N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide (AEMA) and N-(2-glyconamidoethyl)-methacrylamides possessing different pendant sugars. Low dispersities (≤1.32) and predictable degrees of polymerization were observed among the products. After the polymerization, the glycopolymers were further modified by different succinimidyl ester fluorophores targeting the primary amine groups on AEMA. With their binding specificities being confirmed by testing with lectin coated agarose beads, the glycopolymers were employed in bacterial binding studies, where polymers containing α-galactose or β-galactose as the pendant sugar were specifically bound by two clinically important pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. This is the first report of using RAFT-based glycopolymers in bacterial binding studies, and the ready access to tri-component statistical glycopolymers also warrants further exploration of their utility in other glycobiological applications.
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36
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Ahmed M, Wattanaarsakit P, Narain R. Recent advances in the preparation of glycopolymer bioconjugates. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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38
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Kotsuchibashi Y, Agustin RVC, Lu JY, Hall DG, Narain R. Temperature, pH, and Glucose Responsive Gels via Simple Mixing of Boroxole- and Glyco-Based Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:260-264. [PMID: 35581893 DOI: 10.1021/mz400076p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Statistical copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and 5-methacrylamido-1,2-benzoxaborole (MAAmBo) have been synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The solution properties of the NIPAAm homopolymers and statistical copolymers were investigated and it was found that, besides temperature and pH, the statistical copolymers were also responsive to the presence of free glucose in solution. Furthermore, responsive hydrogels and nanogels were formed spontaneously by simply mixing the statistical copolymers of P(NIPAAm-st-MAAmBO)s and well-defined glycopolymers. These gels were found to have temperature, pH, and glucose responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kotsuchibashi
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics
Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Roman Vincent C. Agustin
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics
Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Jin-Yong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, W5-07 Gunning-Lemieux
Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, W5-07 Gunning-Lemieux
Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics
Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada
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Kotsuchibashi Y, Zhang Y, Ahmed M, Ebara M, Aoyagi T, Narain R. Fabrication of FITC‐doped silica nanoparticles and study of their cellular uptake in the presence of lectins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2090-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kotsuchibashi
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo, 102‐8472, Japan
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Biomaterials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1‐1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8571, Japan
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G6, Canada
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, León O, Bordegé V, Sánchez-Chaves M, Fernández-García M. Controlled block glycopolymers able to bind specific proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Sunasee R, Narain R. Glycopolymers and Glyco-nanoparticles in Biomolecular Recognition Processes and Vaccine Development. Macromol Biosci 2012; 13:9-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Wang X, Liu L, Luo Y, Shi H, Li J, Zhao H. Comb-Shaped Glycopolymer/Peptide Bioconjugates by Combination of RAFT Polymerization and Thiol-Ene “Click” Chemistry. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1575-82. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Ahmed M, Narain R. Intracellular delivery of DNA and enzyme in active form using degradable carbohydrate-based nanogels. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3160-70. [PMID: 22970989 DOI: 10.1021/mp300255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The facile encapsulation of biomolecules along with efficient formulation and storage makes nanogels ideal candidates for drug and gene delivery. So far, nanogels have not been used for the codelivery of plasmid DNA and proteins due to several limitations, including low encapsulation efficacy of biomolecule of similar charges and the size of cargo materials. In this study, temperature and pH sensitive carbohydrate-based nanogels are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique and are studied in detail for their capacity to encapsulate and codeliver plasmid DNA and proteins. The temperature sensitive property of nanogels allows the facile encapsulation of biomaterials, while its acid-degradable profile allows the burst release of biomolecules in endosomes. Hence these materials are expected to serve as efficient vectors to deliver biomolecules of choice either alone or as codelivery system. The nanogels produced are relatively monodisperse and are around 30-40 nm in diameter at 37 °C. DNA condensation efficacy of the nanogels is dependent on the hydrophobic property of the core of the nanogels. The DNA-nanogel complexes are formed by the interaction of carbohydrate residues of nanogels with the DNA, and complexes are further stabilized with linear cationic glycopolymers. The DNA-nanogels complexes are also studied for their protein loading capacity. The degradation of the nanogels and the controlled release of DNA and proteins are then studied in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of a nontoxic, cationic glycopolymer to the nanogel-DNA complexes is found to improve the cellular uptake and hence to improve gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G6, Canada
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Impact of the nature, size and chain topologies of carbohydrate-phosphorylcholine polymeric gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7858-70. [PMID: 22818654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the recent significant advances in the field polymer chemistry, it is now possible to produce well-defined and non-toxic cationic polymers with advanced molecular structures of desired molecular weights and compositions. Carefully engineered polymer architectures are found to impact significantly their DNA condensation and gene delivery efficacies. In a previous study, the statistical carbohydrates based copolymers were found to show high gene expression and low toxicity, however there aggregation in the presence of serum proteins was a major drawback. In this study, carbohydrate and phosphorylcholine based cationic polymers having a different architecture, compositions and varying molecular weights are produced and are termed as cationic 'block-statistical' copolymers. These cationic copolymers are evaluated for their gene delivery efficacies, interactions with serum protein, cellular uptake and nuclear localization ability. As compared to the statistical analogue, 'block-statistical' copolymers showed high gene expression, low interactions with serum proteins, as well as low toxicity in hepatocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, 2- methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) based 'block-statistical' copolymers and their sugar incorporated analogues were prepared and were found to serve as improved gene delivery vectors than their statistical analogues.
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Song EH, Manganiello MJ, Chow YH, Ghosn B, Convertine AJ, Stayton PS, Schnapp LM, Ratner DM. In vivo targeting of alveolar macrophages via RAFT-based glycopolymers. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6889-97. [PMID: 22770567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting cell populations via endogenous carbohydrate receptors is an appealing approach for drug delivery. However, to be effective, this strategy requires the production of high affinity carbohydrate ligands capable of engaging with specific cell-surface lectins. To develop materials that exhibit high affinity towards these receptors, we synthesized glycopolymers displaying pendent carbohydrate moieties from carbohydrate-functionalized monomer precursors via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These glycopolymers were fluorescently labeled and used to determine macrophage-specific targeting both in vitro and in vivo. Mannose- and N-acetylglucosamine-containing glycopolymers were shown to specifically target mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner as compared to a galactose-containing glycopolymer (30- and 19-fold higher uptake, respectively). In addition, upon macrophage differentiation, the mannose glycopolymer exhibited enhanced uptake in M2-polarized macrophages, an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype prevalent in injured tissue. This carbohydrate-specific uptake was retained in vivo, as alveolar macrophages demonstrated 6-fold higher internalization of mannose glycopolymer, as compared to galactose, following intratracheal administration in mice. We have shown the successful synthesis of a class of functional RAFT glycopolymers capable of macrophage-type specific uptake both in vitro and in vivo, with significant implications for the design of future targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ho Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Bordegé V, León O, Cuervo-Rodríguez R, Sánchez-Chaves M, Fernández-García M. Influence of glycopolymers structure on the copolymerization reaction and on their binding behavior with lectins. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Ahmed M, Narain R. The effect of molecular weight, compositions and lectin type on the properties of hyperbranched glycopolymers as non-viral gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3990-4001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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Miura Y. Design and synthesis of well-defined glycopolymers for the control of biological functionalities. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Chen JT, Ahmed M, Liu Q, Narain R. Synthesis of cationic magnetic nanoparticles and evaluation of their gene delivery efficacy in Hep G2 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2342-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Ahmed M, Lai BFL, Kizhakkedathu JN, Narain R. Hyperbranched Glycopolymers for Blood Biocompatibility. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1050-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin F. L. Lai
- Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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