1
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Wang J, Hou L. Spatially Amplified and Rigid Junction in Diblock Copolymers: Reduced Microphase Separation Size via Interface Expansion. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:348-353. [PMID: 38447586 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We introduce an approach in diblock copolymer design, where modifying the junction point with rigid bulky monomer expands the cross-sectional area of the interface and leads to a decrease in the repeat period. Using living anionic polymerization, we synthesized a series of dialkynyl midfunctionalized poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PSM-DA) and functionalized them using the thiol-alkyne click reaction with specifically selected rigid bulky monomers: PSS-(3-mercapto)propyl-heptaisobutyl substituted (PSS) and 1-adamantanethiol (ADA). This modification, though involving only a single monomer unit within the diblock copolymer structure, brought about a significant reduction in domain size, with PSS and ADA reducing it by 18% and 15%, respectively. The results indicate a method for reducing the domain sizes of block copolymers, which could lead to advancements in lithography and various nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Wang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sharma K, Agrawal A, Masud A, Satija SK, Ankner JF, Douglas JF, Karim A. Hiking down the Free Energy Landscape Using Sequential Solvent and Thermal Processing for Versatile Ordering of Block Copolymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21562-21574. [PMID: 37083352 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and morphology of the ordering of block copolymer (BCP) films are highly dependent on the processing pathway, as the enthalpic and entropic forces driving the ordering processes can be quite different depending on process history. We may gain some understanding and control of this variability of BCP morphology with processing history through a consideration of the free energy landscape of the BCP material and a consideration of how the processing procedure moves the system through this energy landscape in a way that avoids having the system becoming trapped into well-defined metastable minima having a higher free energy than the target low free energy ordered structure. It is well known that standard thermal annealing (TA) of BCPs leads to structures corresponding to a well-defined stable free energy minimum; however, the BCP must be annealed for a very long time before the target low free energy structures can be achieved. Herein, we show that the same target low-energy structure can be achieved relatively quickly by subjecting as-cast films to an initial solvent annealing [direct immersion annealing (DIA) or solvent vapor annealing (SVA)] procedure, followed by a short period of TA. This process relies on lowering the activation energy barrier by reducing the glass-transition temperature through DIA (or SVA), followed by a multi-interface chain rearrangement through sequential TA. This energy landscape approach to ordering should be applicable to the process design for ordering many other complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Sharma
- William A. Brookshire, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Aman Agrawal
- William A. Brookshire, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ali Masud
- William A. Brookshire, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Sushil K Satija
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John F Ankner
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- William A. Brookshire, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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3
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Zhang X, Zhao M, Cho J. Effect of Disparity in Self Dispersion Interactions on Phase Behaviors of Molten A-b-B Diblock Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010030. [PMID: 36616381 PMCID: PMC9824038 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase behaviors of molten A-b-B diblock copolymers with disparity in self dispersion interactions are revisited here. A free energy functional is obtained for the corresponding Gaussian copolymers under the influence of effective interactions originating in the localized excess equation of state. The Landau free energy expansion is then formulated as a series in powers of A and B density fluctuations up to 4th order. An alternative and equivalent Landau energy is also provided through the transformation of the order parameters to the fluctuations in block density difference and free volume fraction. The effective Flory χ is elicited from its quadratic term as the sum of the conventional enthalpic χH and the entropic χS that is related to energetic asymmetry mediated by copolymer bulk modulus. It is shown that the cubic term is balanced with Gaussian cubic vertex coefficients in corporation with energetics to yield a critical point at a composition rich in a component with stronger self interactions. The full phase diagrams with classical mesophases are given for the copolymers exhibiting ordering upon cooling and also for others revealing ordering reversely upon heating. These contrasting temperature responses, along with the skewness of phase boundaries, are discussed in relation to χH and χS. The pressure dependence of their ordering transitions is either barotropic or baroplastic; or anomalously exhibits anomalously both at different stages. These actions are all explained by the opposite responses of χH and χS to pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junhan Cho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-8005-3586
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4
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Hu B, Carrillo JM, Collins L, Silmore KS, Keum J, Bonnesen PV, Wang Y, Retterer S, Kumar R, Lokitz BS. Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers from Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate)-block-Poly(Vinyldimethylazlactone) Backbones. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kevin S. Silmore
- Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jong Keum
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Scott Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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5
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Seo Y, Park SY, Lee J, Kim JK, Duan C, Li W. Inverted Cylindrical Microdomains by Blending Star-Shaped and Linear Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseong Seo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Park SY, Choi C, Lee KS, Kim E, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim JK. Microdomain Orientation of Star-Shaped Block Copolymer Thin Film Depending on Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseol Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Ahn
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yu DM, Smith DM, Kim H, Rzayev J, Russell TP. Two-Step Chemical Transformation of Polystyrene-block-poly(solketal acrylate) Copolymers for Increasing χ. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duk Man Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Darren M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Lee J, Wang T, Shin K, Cho J. High-pressure neutron scattering and random-phase approximation analysis of a molten Baroplastic diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Yoshida K, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Installing a functional group into the inactive ω-chain end of PMMA and PS-b-PMMA by terminal-selective transesterification. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Various functional groups were incorporated into the inherently inactive ω-chain end of polymethacrylate-based polymers by terminal-selective transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 080-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 080-8628
- Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 080-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 080-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 080-8628
- Japan
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10
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Alauhdin M, Bennett TM, He G, Bassett SP, Portale G, Bras W, Hermida-Merino D, Howdle SM. Monitoring morphology evolution within block copolymer microparticles during dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide: a high pressure SAXS study. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01578c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring morphology development and evolution within block copolymer microparticles dispersed in supercritical CO2 using in situ SAXS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guping He
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Wim Bras
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (N.W.O)
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
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11
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Burns AB, Christie D, Mulhearn WD, Register RA. Estimating the Segregation Strength of Microphase-Separated Diblock Copolymers from the Interfacial Width. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2019; 57:10.1002/polb.24848. [PMID: 38681508 PMCID: PMC11047262 DOI: 10.1002/polb.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing catalog of monomers being incorporated into block polymers affords exceptional control over phase behavior and nanoscale structure. The segregation strength, χ N , is the fundamental link between the molecular-level detail and the thermodynamics. However, predicting phase behavior mandates at least one experimental measurement of χ N for each pair of blocks. This typically requires access to the disordered state. We describe a method for estimating χ N from small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the interfacial width between lamellar microdomains, t x , in the microphase-separated melt. The segregation strength is determined by comparing t x to self-consistent field theory calculations of the intrinsic interfacial width, t i , as a function of the mean-field χ N . The method is validated using a series of independent experimental measurements of t x and χ N , measured via the order-disorder transition temperature, T ODT . The average absolute relative difference between χ N calculated from t x and the value calculated from T ODT is a modest 11%. Corrections for nonplanarity of the interfaces are investigated but do not improve the agreement between the experiments and theory. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Burns
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899
| | - Dane Christie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544
| | - William D Mulhearn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544
| | - Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544
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12
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Yoshida K, Tian L, Miyagi K, Yamazaki A, Mamiya H, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Facile and Efficient Modification of Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) for Achieving Sub-10 nm Feature Size. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
| | - Lin Tian
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
| | - Ken Miyagi
- Next Generation Material Development Division Research & Development Department, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamazaki
- Next Generation Material Development Division Research & Development Department, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mamiya
- Quantum Beam Unit, Advanced Key Technologies Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 080-8628, Japan
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13
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Yu DM, Mapas JKD, Kim H, Choi J, Ribbe AE, Rzayev J, Russell TP. Evaluation of the Interaction Parameter for Poly(solketal methacrylate)-block-polystyrene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duk Man Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jose Kenneth D. Mapas
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexander E. Ribbe
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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14
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Jun T, Lee Y, Jo S, Ryu CY, Ryu DY. Composition Fluctuation Inhomogeneity of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers: χN Effects at Order-to-Disorder Transition. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taesuk Jun
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50
Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50
Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seongjun Jo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50
Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Y. Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50
Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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15
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Burns AB, Register RA. Large, Reversible, and Coherent Domain Spacing Dilation Driven by Crystallization under Soft Lamellar Confinement. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Burns
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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16
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Jeong G, Yu DM, Mapas JKD, Sun Z, Rzayev J, Russell TP. Realizing 5.4 nm Full Pitch Lamellar Microdomains by a Solid-State Transformation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajin Jeong
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jose Kenneth D. Mapas
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Park S, Kim Y, Lee W, Hur SM, Ryu DY. Gyroid Structures in Solvent Annealed PS-b-PMMA Films: Controlled Orientation by Substrate Interactions. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yeongsik Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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18
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Giant Gyroid and Templates from High-Molecular-Weight Block Copolymer Self-assembly. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36326. [PMID: 27808242 PMCID: PMC5093756 DOI: 10.1038/srep36326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a feasible approach to the direct development of three-dimensionally (3D) bicontinuous gyroid (GYR) nanostructure in high-molecular-weight, composition-controlled polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films. The use of a neutral solvent vapor to elaborately control the swelling of block copolymer (BCP) films is essential to generate a direct pathway to GYR (or giant GYR) structure through a hexagonal (HEX) cylindrical morphology in the same material, because the thermal ordering of highly entangled BCP imposes the limit on the chain mobility. Along with the improved mechanical strength arising from the high molecular weight property of the polymers, the structural integrity and overall excellence of a large-scale GYR morphology were confirmed by the results of membrane performance, which showed greater permeability through the nanoporous GYR structure up to by a factor of three than that through the HEX structure. Moreover, a 3D nanoporous GYR template was applied to an affordable material to reproduce an inverse skeletal replica of the GYR structure with its structure being uniformly interconnected. This simple approach to the GYR template, owing to its structural tunability in a controlled composition of BCP, is anticipated to be applicable to a wide range of materialization for practical systems.
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19
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Müller-Buschbaum P. GISAXS and GISANS as metrology technique for understanding the 3D morphology of block copolymer thin films. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Sunday DF, Hannon AF, Tein S, Kline RJ. Thermodynamic and Morphological Behavior of Block Copolymer Blends with Thermal Polymer Additives. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Sunday
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Adam F. Hannon
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Summer Tein
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - R. Joseph Kline
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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21
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Giammaria TJ, Ferrarese Lupi F, Seguini G, Perego M, Vita F, Francescangeli O, Wenning B, Ober CK, Sparnacci K, Antonioli D, Gianotti V, Laus M. Micrometer-Scale Ordering of Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Thin Films via High-Temperature Thermal Treatments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9897-9908. [PMID: 27020526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is expected to complement conventional optical lithography for the fabrication of next-generation microelectronic devices. In this regard, silicon-containing BCPs with a high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) are extremely appealing because they form high-resolution nanostructures with characteristic dimensions below 10 nm. However, due to their slow self-assembly kinetics and low thermal stability, these silicon-containing high-χ BCPs are usually processed by solvent vapor annealing or in solvent-rich ambient at a low annealing temperature, significantly increasing the complexity of the facilities and of the procedures. In this work, the self-assembly of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane-random-vinylmethylsiloxane) (PS-b-P(DMS-r-VMS)) BCP on flat substrates is promoted by means of a simple thermal treatment at high temperatures. Homogeneous PS-b-P(DMS-r-VMS) thin films covering the entire sample surface are obtained without any evidence of dewetting phenomena. The BCP arranges in a single layer of cylindrical P(DMS-r-VMS) nanostructures parallel-oriented with respect to the substrate. By properly adjusting the surface functionalization, the heating rate, the annealing temperature, and the processing time, one can obtain correlation length values larger than 1 μm in a time scale fully compatible with the stringent requirements of the microelectronic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jacopo Giammaria
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR , Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Universitá del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Seguini
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR , Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - Michele Perego
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR , Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy
| | - Francesco Vita
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica and CNISM, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica and CNISM, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Brandon Wenning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Bard Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Katia Sparnacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Universitá del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Universitá del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Universitá del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michele Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Universitá del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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22
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Kim K, Park S, Kim Y, Bang J, Park C, Ryu DY. Optimized Solvent Vapor Annealing for Long-Range Perpendicular Lamellae in PS-b-PMMA Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joona Bang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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23
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24
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Choi E, Park S, Ahn H, Lee M, Bang J, Lee B, Ryu DY. Substrate-Independent Lamellar Orientation in High-Molecular-Weight Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Films: Neutral Solvent Vapor and Thermal Annealing Effect. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Choi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Moongyu Lee
- LCD R&D Center, LCD Business, Samsung Display Co., 24 San, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-711, Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 5 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray
Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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25
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Chremos A, Nikoubashman A, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Flory-Huggins parameter χ, from binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones particles to block copolymer melts. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054909. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4863331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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26
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Moon HC, Li C, Han SH, Kwak J, Kim JK. Tuned phase behavior of weakly interacting polystyrene-block-poly(n-pentyl methacrylate) by selective solvent. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Ferrarese Lupi F, Giammaria TJ, Ceresoli M, Seguini G, Sparnacci K, Antonioli D, Gianotti V, Laus M, Perego M. Rapid thermal processing of self-assembling block copolymer thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:315601. [PMID: 23851718 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/31/315601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling block copolymers generate nanostructured patterns which are useful for a wide range of applications. In this paper we demonstrate the capability to control the morphology of the self-assembling process of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer thin films on unpatterned surfaces by means of fast thermal treatment performed in a rapid thermal processing machine. The methodology involves the use of radiation sources in order to rapidly drive the polymeric film above the glass transition temperature. Highly ordered patterns were obtained for perpendicular-oriented cylindrical and lamellar PS-b-PMMA block copolymers in less than 60 s. This approach offers the unprecedented opportunity to investigate in detail the kinetics of the block copolymer self-assembly during the early stages of the process, providing a much deeper understanding of the chemical and physical phenomena governing these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferrarese Lupi
- Laboratorio MDM, IMM-CNR, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy
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28
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Chakkalakal GL, Abetz C, Vainio U, Handge UA, Abetz V. Influence of rheology and morphology on foaming of PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymers and their composites with modified silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Ahn H, Lee Y, Lee H, Han YS, Seong BS, Ryu DY. Various Phase Behaviors of Weakly Interacting Binary Block Copolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302514s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division,
Research Reactor Utilization Department, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Baek Seok Seong
- Neutron Science Division,
Research Reactor Utilization Department, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
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30
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Widin JM, Kim M, Schmitt AK, Han E, Gopalan P, Mahanthappa MK. Bulk and Thin Film Morphological Behavior of Broad Dispersity Poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4004538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Widin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Adam K. Schmitt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eungnak Han
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University
Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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31
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Ahn H, Lee Y, Lee H, Kim Y, Ryu DY, Lee B. Substrate interaction effects on order to disorder transition behavior in block copolymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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33
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Ahn H, Lee Y, Lee H, Park S, Kim Y, Cho J, Ryu DY. Microdomain expansion and transition behavior of PS-b-PMMA/PS homopolymers by SAXS analysis. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Anomaly in SANS χ for polydisperse polystyrene-b-poly(isooctyl acrylate). POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Encinar M, Prolongo MG, Rubio RG, Ortega F, Ahmadi A, Freire JJ. Dielectric and molecular dynamics study of the secondary relaxations of poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers: Influence of the molecular architecture. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2011; 34:1-14. [PMID: 22197907 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the structure of copolymers (random, alternate or diblock) on their dynamics has been studied by dielectric spectroscopy. Six copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate (three diblocks, one alternate and two random) have been studied. The results show that the sub- T (g) transitions of the diblock samples can be described by one asymmetric Havriliak-Negami (HN) function, while two are necessary for the rest of the copolymers (β and γ relaxations). The characteristic times of the sub- T (g) relaxations show an Arrhenius temperature dependence and there is a strong coupling of the α and β relaxations at high temperatures. The deconvolution of the merging relaxations has been made in the framework of the Williams Ansatz set out in terms of Havriliak-Negami distributions. Because the 2D (2)H-NMR results excluded any significant contribution from the rotation of the methoxy group of the methacrylate group around the C-OCH(3) bond, the γ relaxation may be assigned to the rotation of the methyl methacrylate group in a styrene-rich environment. The Molecular Dynamics simulations of a poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer and of the alternate copolymer are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results, although they predict smaller values for the activation energy of the sub- T (g) relaxations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Encinar
- Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Chen W, Wang JY, Zhao W, Li L, Wei X, Balazs AC, Matyjaszewski K, Russell TP. Photocontrol over the Disorder-to-Order Transition in Thin Films of Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers Containing Photodimerizable Anthracene Functionality. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17217-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2036964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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37
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38
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Li X, Xue L, Han Y. Broadband antireflection of block copolymer/homopolymer blend films with gradient refractive index structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04508j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Surface-induced phase transitions in dense nanoparticle arrays of lamella-forming diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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