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Cho JS, Han YS, Jensen C, Sieck G. Effects of arginase inhibition on myocardial Ca 2+ and contractile responses. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15396. [PMID: 35866269 PMCID: PMC9305075 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to increase cardiac contractility by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) during excitation. Alternatively, NO could increase the sensitivity of the contractile response to [Ca2+ ]cyt (Ca2+ sensitivity). Arginase regulates NO production by competing with NO synthase (NOS), and thus, arginase inhibition should increase cardiac contractility by increasing NO production. We hypothesized that arginase inhibition increases cardiac contractility by increasing both [Ca2+ ]cyt and Ca2+ sensitivity. [Ca2+ ]cyt and contractile (sarcomere length [SL] shortening) responses to electrical stimulation were measured simultaneously in isolated rat cardiomyocytes using an IonOptix system. In the same cardiomyocytes, measurements were obtained at baseline, following 3-min exposure to an arginase inhibitor (S-[2-boronoethyl]-l-cysteine; BEC) and following 3-min exposure to BEC plus a NOS inhibitor (NG -nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester; l-NAME). These responses were compared to time-matched control cardiomyocytes that were untreated. Compared to baseline, BEC increased the amplitude and the total amount of evoked [Ca2+ ]cyt , and the extent and velocity of SL shortening in cardiomyocytes, whereas addition of l-NAME mitigated these effects. The [Ca2+ ]cyt at 50% contraction and relaxation were not different across treatment groups indicating no effect of BEC on Ca2+ sensitivity. The [Ca2+ ]cyt and SL shortening responses in time-matched controls did not vary with time. Arginase inhibition by BEC significantly increased the amplitude and the total amount of evoked [Ca2+ ]cyt , and the extent and velocity of SL shortening in cardiomyocytes, but did not affect Ca2+ sensitivity. These effects of BEC were mitigated by l-NAME. Together, these results indicate an effect of NO on [Ca2+ ]cyt responses that then increase the contractile response of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Cole Jensen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Jensen CW, Han YS, Sieck GC. Inhibiting Actin Polymerization Increases Tension Cost in Porcine Airway Smooth Muscle. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Brozovich FV, Han YS, Arteaga GM, Sharain K, Sieck GC. Changes in Cardiac and Vascular Contractile Protein in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0r299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Soo Han
- Phsyiology and BioengineeringMayo Medical SchoolRochesterMN
| | | | | | - Gary C. Sieck
- Physiology and BioengineeringMayo Medical SchoolRochesterMN
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Jang JD, Seo HJ, Yoon YJ, Choi SH, Han YS, Kim TH. Conformational control of two-dimensional gold nanoparticle arrays in a confined geometry within a vesicular wall. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4548. [PMID: 35296763 PMCID: PMC8927576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a confined geometry is a rare phenomenon that has not been experimentally verified for complex systems. In this study, this process was investigated in detail using two types of block copolymers with hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks and a series of AuNPs of three different sizes protected by hydrophobic ligands. In aqueous solutions, the selected block copolymers self-assembled into vesicular nanostructures with a hydrophobic domain in the wall, which functions as a confined geometrical space for hydrophobic AuNPs (i.e., it exerts a confinement effect and restricts the movement of AuNPs). Small-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed that AuNPs of different sizes assembled differently in the same confined geometry of the vesicular wall. In addition, optimal conditions for the formation of a regular NP array in the hydrophobic domain were determined. The AuNPs successfully self-assembled into a regular 2D lattice structure, forming a shell around the vesicle, when their size matched the thickness of the hydrophobic domain of the vesicular nanostructure. This study provides guidelines for the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays with controlled structures, which could enhance the functionality of materials and their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.,Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Seo
- Department of Applied Plasma and Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Applied Plasma and Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Applied Plasma and Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,High-Enthalphy Plasma Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 546 Bongdong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55317, Republic of Korea.
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Han YS, Arteaga GM, Sharain K, Sieck GC, Brozovich FV. Rat Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Changes in Contractile Proteins Regulating Ca 2+ Cycling and Vascular Reactivity. Circulation 2021; 144:1355-1358. [PMID: 34662164 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (Y.S.H., G.M.A., G.C.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Grace M Arteaga
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (Y.S.H., G.M.A., G.C.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Pediatrics Critical Care (G.M.A.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Korosh Sharain
- Cardiovascular Diseases (K.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (Y.S.H., G.M.A., G.C.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Frank V Brozovich
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (Y.S.H., G.M.A., G.C.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Cardiovascular Diseases (K.S., F.V.B.), Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Jang JD, Bae M, Do C, Choi SH, Bang J, Han YS, Kim TH. Self-Assembly of 2D Gold Nanoparticle Superlattice in a Polymer Vesicle Layer Driven by Hydrophobic Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6736-6743. [PMID: 34264079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into highly ordered superstructures provides a promising route toward fabricating materials with new functionalities or enhanced physical properties. Although self-assembly of AuNPs has garnered significant research attention recently, a highly ordered superlattice of AuNPs under a low concentration in a confined geometry formed by nonfunctionalized materials has not been reported. Herein, we investigate the self-assembly of a 2D AuNPs superlattice in a polymer vesicle layer using hydrophobic interactions, which exhibits centered rectangular lattice symmetry. To create the highly ordered AuNPs superlattice, the P(EGx-b-iPGEy) block copolymers that form the thickness of the hydrophobic vesicle layer comparable to the size of the AuNP are used as a template to control the AuNP degree of freedom. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration of a centered rectangular structure formation of AuNPs at the vesicle layer in 2D confined geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongi Bae
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Bak E, Kim YK, Ha A, Han YS, Kim JS, Lee J, Kim YW, Baek SU, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Association of Intereye Visual-Sensitivity Asymmetry With Progression of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:4. [PMID: 34228087 PMCID: PMC8267216 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between intereye visual field defect (VFD) asymmetry and subsequent VF progression in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Moderate-stage patients with POAG (226 eyes of 113 patients) with a single hemifield defect were followed for 8.7 years. Participants were categorized into three groups by initial VF pattern: (1) unilateral VFD, (2) bilateral VFD within same hemifield (superior–superior, inferior–inferior), (3) bilateral VFD within opposite hemifield (superior–inferior). The mean deviation (MD) difference between the intereye was defined as the intereye MD asymmetry index (iMAI). Intereye visual-sensitivity difference within the same hemifield was calculated as the intereye hemifield visual-sensitivity asymmetry index. Functional progression was detected by Glaucoma Progression Analysis. The overall rate of MD change and the association between new indices were evaluated by linear regression. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and the factors associated with glaucoma progression were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Unilateral VFD eyes and bilateral VFD eyes within opposite VF hemifield showed significant progression and faster rate of MD change compared with bilateral VFD eyes within same VF hemifield (71.1% vs. 45.9% vs. 21.1% [P = 0.001]; –1.27 dB/y vs. −0.64 dB/y vs. −0.32 dB/y [P = 0.001]). Unilateral VFD eyes showed the fastest time to VF progression compared with other groups (P = 0.002). A faster rate of MD change was associated with greater intereye MD asymmetry index (P = 0.001) and greater intereye hemifield visual-sensitivity asymmetric index (P = 0.031), which were significant risk factors for glaucoma progression (all P < 0.001). Conclusions Among POAG eyes with comparable hemifield VFDs, eyes without a corresponding hemifield defect in the fellow eye showed faster rates of progression compared with those with a corresponding hemifield defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunoo Bak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Kong Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Uk Baek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Jang JD, Yoon YJ, Jeon SW, Han YS, Kim TH. Molecular Weight-Dependent, Flexible Phase Behaviors of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer/Additive Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020178. [PMID: 33419083 PMCID: PMC7825415 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluronic amphiphilic block copolymers, well known to have a phase behavior can be controlled by external conditions, have a wide range of potential for applications such as nanotemplates or nanobuilding blocks. However, the phase behaviors of Pluronic block copolymer/additive complexes with highly ordered phases have not been fully investigated. Here, we report the unusual molecular weight-dependent self-assembly of Pluronic block copolymer/additive complexes. Depending on the temperature and additive, Pluronic P65 block copolymer with a lower molecular weight showed the closed loop-like (CLL) phase behavior with the disorder-order-disorder-order phase transition in aqueous solution, whereas Pluronic P105 and P85 block copolymers with higher molecular weights underwent highly ordered continuous phase transitions with face centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal, and lamellar phases. It is expected that the specific phase behavior of the block copolymer/additive complex can be applied in optical devices such as nanotemplates or optical sensors for a highly ordered superlattice. Furthermore, this study provides a new route to control the phase behavior of the block copolymers without a complicated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Quantum Beam Material Science Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea; (J.D.J.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (S.-W.J.)
| | - Sang-Woo Jeon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (S.-W.J.)
| | - Young Soo Han
- Quantum Beam Material Science Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea; (J.D.J.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (S.-W.J.)
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Han YS, Ha A, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Normal-tension Glaucoma Management: A Survey of Glaucoma Sub-specialists in Korea. Korean J Ophthalmol 2020; 34:425-431. [PMID: 33307601 PMCID: PMC7738222 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the current management patterns of glaucoma subspecialists with regard to normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in Korea and to determine the effect of the two largest NTG trials on their clinical practice. METHODS A questionnaire survey was sent to glaucoma subspecialist members of the Korean Glaucoma Society. The questionnaire concerned regular practice with respect to NTG and the extent to which it has been influenced by the Collaborative Normal-tension Glaucoma Study and the Low-pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study (LoGTS). RESULTS A total of 134 glaucoma subspecialists completed the survey, with a response rate of 56%. The survey reported that 88% and 78% of glaucoma subspecialists were familiar with the Collaborative Normal-tension Glaucoma Study and the LoGTS, respectively. With respect to mild or moderate NTG, most of the respondents (87%-91%) tended to treat their patients immediately without waiting for structural or functional progression. Among the respondents, 47 indicated that the LoGTS results-according to which, 20% of the respondents tended to use brimonidine more often-affected their management. The first-choice topical drugs for NTG were prostaglandin analogues (76%), brimonidine (9%), beta-blockers (8%), and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (6%). CONCLUSIONS Regarding mild-to-moderate NTG, Korean glaucoma subspecialists tended to initiate treatment without waiting for further progression. The impact of the LoGTS on NTG management was not dominant in clinical practice in Korea. Prostaglandin analogs are the most frequently selected first-choice drugs for the management of NTG in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Purpose To compare the macular interdigitation zone (IZ) of normal eyes with eyes showing different normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) stages. Methods Forty-two normal eyes (age, 56 ± 5.4 years), 45 pre-perimetric eyes (age, 59 ± 6.9 years), 51 mild-to-moderate glaucoma eyes (age, 58 ± 7.2 years; mean deviation [MD], –5.5 ± 3.0 dB), and 50 severe glaucoma eyes (age, 59 ± 6.9 years; MD, –15.1 ± 5.4 dB) were enrolled. All of the subjects underwent high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to obtain 19 horizontal and 19 vertical macular B-scans 9 mm in length. The en face image of the scan area was divided into 589 rectangular boxes (side length of 375 µm). The IZ locations were marked on the corresponding image boxes. The IZ area was then quantified according to the number of boxes showing IZs among the 589 total boxes. Results The IZ area in the severe glaucoma eyes was significantly smaller than in the mild-to-moderate glaucoma eyes (28.99 ± 7.88 mm2 vs. 40.79 ± 7.46 mm2; P < 0.001), was smaller in the mild-to-moderate glaucoma eyes than in the pre-perimetric glaucoma eyes (40.79 ± 7.46 mm2 vs. 49.92 ± 8.10 mm2; P < 0.001), and was smaller still in the pre-perimetric glaucoma eyes than in the normal eyes (49.92 ± 8.10 mm2 vs. 56.85 ± 7.94 mm2; P < 0.001). In the 146 NTG eyes, a statistically significant correlation was found between IZ area and MD (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). Conclusions SD-OCT revealed a reduction in IZ area in NTG eyes, and the extent of the reduction was positively associated with glaucoma severity. These findings suggest, though tentatively, that changes in the outer retinal layer can occur in the course of glaucoma progression.
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Chang J, Lee J, Ha A, Han YS, Bak E, Choi S, Yun JM, Kang U, Shin IH, Shin JY, Ko T, Bae YS, Oh BL, Park KH, Park SM. Explaining the Rationale of Deep Learning Glaucoma Decisions with Adversarial Examples. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:78-88. [PMID: 32598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To illustrate what is inside the so-called black box of deep learning models (DLMs) so that clinicians can have greater confidence in the conclusions of artificial intelligence by evaluating adversarial explanation on its ability to explain the rationale of DLM decisions for glaucoma and glaucoma-related findings. Adversarial explanation generates adversarial examples (AEs), or images that have been changed to gain or lose pathologic characteristic-specific traits, to explain the DLM's rationale. DESIGN Evaluation of explanation methods for DLMs. PARTICIPANTS Health screening participants (n = 1653) at the Seoul National University Hospital Health Promotion Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. METHODS We trained DLMs for referable glaucoma (RG), increased cup-to-disc ratio (ICDR), disc rim narrowing (DRN), and retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) using 6430 retinal fundus images. Surveys consisting of explanations using AE and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (GradCAM), a conventional heatmap-based explanation method, were generated for 400 pathologic and healthy patient eyes. For each method, board-trained glaucoma specialists rated location explainability, the ability to pinpoint decision-relevant areas in the image, and rationale explainability, the ability to inform the user on the model's reasoning for the decision based on pathologic features. Scores were compared by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivities, and specificities of DLMs; visualization of clinical pathologic changes of AEs; and survey scores for locational and rationale explainability. RESULTS The AUCs were 0.90, 0.99, 0.95, and 0.79 and sensitivities were 0.79, 1.00, 0.82, and 0.55 at 0.90 specificity for RG, ICDR, DRN, and RNFLD DLMs, respectively. Generated AEs showed valid clinical feature changes, and survey results for location explainability were 3.94 ± 1.33 and 2.55 ± 1.24 using AEs and GradCAMs, respectively, of a possible maximum score of 5 points. The scores for rationale explainability were 3.97 ± 1.31 and 2.10 ± 1.25 for AEs and GradCAM, respectively. Adversarial example provided significantly better explainability than GradCAM. CONCLUSIONS Adversarial explanation increased the explainability over GradCAM, a conventional heatmap-based explanation method. Adversarial explanation may help medical professionals understand more clearly the rationale of DLMs when using them for clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunoo Bak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Kang
- InTheSmart Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joo Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Ko
- Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Lok Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tan SJ, Jiang Y, Xi QL, Meng QY, Zhuang QL, Han YS, Wu GH. [Meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open surgery for palliative resection of the primary tumor in stage IV colorectal cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:589-596. [PMID: 32521980 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20190619-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic versus open surgery for palliative resection of the primary tumor in stage IV colorectal cancer. Methods: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCT) or clinical controlled trials (CCT) comparing laparoscopic surgery with open surgery for palliative resection of the primary tumor in stage IV colorectal cancer published from January 1991 to May 2019. Chinese search terms included "colorectum/colon/rectum" , "cancer/malignant tumor" , "laparoscopy" , "metastasis" , " IV" ; English search terms included "laparoscop*" , "colo*" , "rect*" , "cancer/tumor/carcinoma/neoplasm" , " IV" , "metasta*" . Inclusion criteria: (1) RCT or CCT, with or without allocation concealment or blinding; (2) patients with stage IV colorectal cancer that was diagnosed preoperatively and would receive resection of the primary tumor; (3) the primary tumor that was palliatively resected by laparoscopic or open procedure. Exclusion criteria: (1) no valid data available in the literature; (2) single study sample size ≤20; (3) subjects with colorectal benign disease; (4) metastatic resection or lymph node dissection was performed intraoperatively in an attempt to perform radical surgery; (5) duplicate publication of the literature. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies. In case of disagreement, the evaluation was performed by discussion or a third researcher was invited to participate. The data were extracted from the included studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.1.0 version software was used for this meta-analysis. Results: Four CCTs with a total of 864 patients were included in this study, including 216 patients in the laparoscopic group and 648 patients in the open group. Compared with the open group, except for longer operation time (WMD=37.60, 95% CI: 26.11 to 49.08, P<0.05), laparoscopic group had less intraoperative blood loss (WMD=-74.89, 95% CI: -144.78 to -5.00, P<0.05), earlier first flatus and food intake after surgery (WMD=-1.00, 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.87, P<0.05; WMD=-1.61, 95%CI: -2.16 to -1.06, P<0.05), shorter hospital stay (WMD=-2.01, 95% CI: -2.21 to -1.80, P<0.05) and lower morbidity of postoperative complication (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.77, P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in time to start postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy rate, and mortality (P > all 0.05). Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for palliative resection of the primary tumor is safe and feasible to enhance recovery after surgery by promoting postoperative bowel function recovery, shortening hospital stay and reducing postoperative complication in stage IV colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q L Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q Y Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q L Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y S Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - G H Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Ha A, Kim YW, Lee J, Bak E, Han YS, Kim YK, Park KH, Jeoung JW. Morphological characteristics of parapapillary atrophy and subsequent visual field progression in primary open-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:361-366. [PMID: 32345605 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the associations between the morphological characteristics of beta-zone parapapillary atrophy (β-zone PPA) and subsequent visual field (VF) progression in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS One hundred and twenty-one POAG eyes with β-zone PPA along with 48 normal eyes with β-zone PPA were included. β-zone PPA area was calculated based on the PPA pixel area/optic-disc pixel area ratio and the optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured disc area. β-zone PPA margin irregularity was quantified as a function of both area (A) and perimeter (P, calculated as 1/(4πA/P²)). VF progression was defined using standard automated perimetry's guided progression analysis software. RESULTS Of the 121 POAG eyes, 49 (40.5%) showed VF progression during the 10.1±1.9 years of follow-up. The baseline β-zone PPA area was similar among the three groups (Progressors, Non-progressors and Controls, p=0.995). However, the β-zone PPA irregularity index was significantly higher in the Progressors (p<0.001). The cumulative probability of VF progression was greater in the higher PPA irregularity index group (p<0.001, log-rank test). A Cox proportional hazards model showed the significant influences of optic disc haemorrhage (HR: 2.661, p=0.034) and higher baseline PPA irregularity index (HR: 1.455, p=0.007) on subsequent progression. CONCLUSIONS In POAG eyes, baseline β-zone PPA margin regularity was significantly associated with subsequent VF progression. Irregular margin of β-zone PPA might be the mark of vulnerability in the parapapillary area to further glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Yong Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eunoo Bak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Bak E, Ha A, Kim YW, Lee J, Han YS, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Ten Years and Beyond Longitudinal Change of ß-Zone Parapapillary Atrophy: Comparison of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma with Normal Eyes. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:1054-1063. [PMID: 32222399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the difference in longitudinal change of ß-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) between eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal eyes. DESIGN Longitudinal, observation study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 153 eyes with POAG and 105 normal eyes. METHODS Participants were followed for 10 years or more, with disc photography performed every year. The topographic parameters of ß-zone PPA (area, maximal radial extent, angular extent around disc) were measured. The factors associated with the enlargement of ß-zone PPA parameters were assessed by odds ratio (OR) using multivariable logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Enlargement of ß-zone PPA parameters and associated factors. RESULTS Over the course of the average 11.6±1.3-year follow-up period, enlargement of β-zone PPA was detected in 66.7% of POAG eyes and in 26.7% of normal eyes. Increment of all PPA parameters was significantly more common in cases of POAG than in normal eyes (all P < 0.001). The spatial distribution of maximal radial extent at baseline and final examination was significantly different between the 2 groups: POAG eyes; inferotemporal versus normal eyes; temporal (chi-square = 26.549, P < 0.001, chi-square = 19.320, P = 0.004, respectively). The widening of radial extent was significantly associated with older age (OR, 1.036; P = 0.010) and the presence of glaucoma (OR, 2.599; P = 0.002). The increment of angular extent was associated with the presence of glaucoma (OR, 12.167; P = 0.017) and optic disc hemorrhage (OR, 3.266; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of ß-zone PPA change differed between POAG and normal eyes during a follow-up of 10 years or more. The enlargement of PPA occurred more frequently in POAG than in normal eyes. The widening of radial extent was associated with older age and glaucoma, whereas the increment of angular extent was associated with glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunoo Bak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Lyle MA, Alabdaljabar MS, Han YS, Brozovich FV. The vasculature in HFpEF vs HFrEF: differences in contractile protein expression produce distinct phenotypes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03129. [PMID: 31909283 PMCID: PMC6940630 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction are associated with abnormalities of the vasculature, including a resting vasoconstriction and a decrease in sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasodilation. Vascular tone is controlled by the expression and activation of both smooth muscle (SM) and nonmuscle (NM) myosin, and NO mediated vasodilation is regulated by the expression of the leucine zipper positive (LZ+) isoform of the myosin targeting subunit (MYPT1) of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). This study was designed to determine the expression of these contractile proteins in humans with HFrEF and HFpEF vs normal controls. We isolated tertiary mesenteric vessels from remnant biospecimens of patients undergoing partial or total colectomy at Mayo Clinic Rochester from August 2017 to December 2018, and examined the expression of MYPT1 and the LZ + MYPT1 isoform with immunoblots, while 2D SDS-PAGE was used to resolve the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated regulatory light chains of NM and SM myosin. Our data show that NM myosin expression, as a percentage of total myosin, was 12 ± 3% (controls, n = 6), 7 ± 5% (HFpEF, n = 4) and 37 ± 18% (HFrEF, n = 5, p < 0.05). Total MYPT1 expression was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in both HFpEF (70 ± 11%) and HFrEF (48 ± 6%); and in HFrEF, LZ + MYPT1 was also depressed (62 ± 19%, <0.05). These results demonstrate that HFrEF and HFpEF are distinct vascular entities, and the changes in protein expression contribute to the vascular abnormalities associated with these diseases. Further in HFpEF, the decrease in MYPT1 would explain why pharmacologic therapies that are designed to activate the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway do not produce a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lyle
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Frank V. Brozovich
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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16
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Huang B, Wang ZX, Zhang C, Zhai SW, Han YS, Huang WS, Nie P. Identification of a novel RIG-I isoform and its truncating variant in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:373-380. [PMID: 31533080 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor that triggers the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines during viral infection. RIG-I gene has been identified previously in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. In the present study, we have characterized a novel isoform of RIG-I (designated as AjRIG-Ib) and its truncated variant (AjRIG-Ibv). The AjRIG-Ib encodes 940 amino acids (aa) consisting of two N-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), a DEX(D/H) box RNA helicase domain, and a C-terminal regulatory domain (CTD). The AjRIG-Ibv encodes a protein of 843 aa, that shares similar structural organization with AjRIG-Ib, but lacking CTD. The gene expression analyses showed that AjRIG-Ib and AjRIG-Ibv were detectable in all tissues/organs examined, and AjRIG-Ib was the predominant form. The mRNA level of AjRIG-Ibv was upregulated rapidly at 8 h after the Poly I:C injection, and the significant increase of AjRIG-Ib was observed at 16 and 24 h post-injection (hpi). Laser confocal microscopy showed that AjRIG-Ib and AjRIG-Ibv were both located in cytoplasm. In addition, the overexpression of AjRIG-Ib or AjRIG-Ibv led to the increased activity of IFN promoter in transient transfection assay. Taken together, our results indicated that AjRIG-Ib and AjRIG-Ibv may play cooperative or somewhat complementary roles in coordinating the antiviral response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Z X Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - C Zhang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - S W Zhai
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Y S Han
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - W S Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - P Nie
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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17
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Alabdaljabar MS, Valencia SO, Han YS, Sieck GC. Tunicamycin‐induced ER Stress Effect on Cardiac Contractility. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Saleh Alabdaljabar
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Young Soo Han
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Gary C. Sieck
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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18
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Valencia SO, Peirano F, Xi W, Han YS, Diaz R, Sieck G. Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Reduction of Ca
2+
Sensitivity in Isolated Cardiomyocytes. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.690.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Peirano
- Medicina InternaUniversidad de ValparaisoValparaisoChile
| | - Wang Xi
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Young Soo Han
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Rienzi Diaz
- Medicina InternaUniversidad de ValparaisoValparaisoChile
| | - Gary Sieck
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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19
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Jang JD, Do C, Bang J, Han YS, Kim TH. Self-Assembly of Temperature Sensitive Unilamellar Vesicles by a Blend of Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E63. [PMID: 30960047 PMCID: PMC6402003 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-assembled unilamellar vesicle, which can be used as a drug delivery system, was easily and simply fabricated using a blended system of Pluronic block copolymers. Controlling the hydrophilic mass fraction of block copolymers (by blending the block copolymer with a different hydrophilic mass fraction) and temperature (i.e., the hydrophobic interaction is controlled), a vesicular structure was formed. Small angle neutron scattering measurements showed that the vesicular structure had diameters of empty cores from 13.6 nm to 79.6 nm, and thicknesses of the bilayers from 2.2 nm to 8.7 nm when the hydrophobic interaction was changed. Therefore, considering that the temperature of the vesicle formation is controllable by the concentration of the blended block copolymers, it is possible for them to be applied in a wide range of potential applications, for example, as nanoreactors and nanovehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Neutron Science Research Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Research Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Neutron Science Research Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea.
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjei-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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20
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Jang JD, Jeon SW, Yoon YJ, Bang J, Han YS, Kim TH. Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in a block copolymer aggregate template driven by hydrophobic interactions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report various self-assembled structures of gold nanoparticles in a block copolymer aggregate template, which are easily driven by hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Dae Jang
- Neutron Science Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Sang-Woo Jeon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Quantum System Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Quantum System Engineering
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21
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Li EA, Xi W, Han YS, Brozovich FV. Phosphodiesterase expression in the normal and failing heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:160-168. [PMID: 30550727 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing, and for HFpEF, no therapies have clinical benefit. It has been hypothesized that PKG attenuates pathological remodelling, and increasing cGMP would be beneficial for patients with HF. However, neither the RELAX nor NEAT-HFpEF trial showed benefit. But there is still enthusiasm for increasing cGMP in patients with HF, which highlight the need to determine the expression of PDEs in cardiac muscle. This study used immunoblotting to examine the expression of the PDEs that have been suggested to be targets for therapy of HF in both canines (normal and HFpEF) and humans (normal and HFrEF). Our results demonstrate PDE1C and PDE3A are expressed in cardiac muscle, but we could not detect the expression of PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE7A and PDE9A in cardiac tissue lysates from either normal or failing hearts. Thus, one should not expect a clinical benefit for a therapy targeting these PDEs in heart failure, which highlights the importance of rigorous demonstration of the target of therapy prior to undertaking a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wang Xi
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Young Soo Han
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Frank V Brozovich
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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22
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Han YS, Schaible N, Tveita T, Sieck G. Discontinued stimulation of cardiomyocytes provides protection against hypothermia-rewarming-induced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:819-826. [PMID: 29604136 DOI: 10.1113/ep086774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Will discontinued stimulation of isolated cardiomyocytes (asystole) during hypothermia mitigate hypothermia-rewarming-induced cytosolic Ca2+ overload? What is the main finding and its importance? Mimicking asystole or hypothermic cardiac arrest by discontinued stimulation of cardiomyocytes during hypothermia resulted in normal contractile function after rewarming. This result suggests that asystole during severe hypothermia provides protection from hypothermia-rewarming-induced contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. ABSTRACT After exposure of spontaneously beating hearts or electrically stimulated isolated cardiomyocytes to hypothermia-rewarming (H/R), cardiac dysfunction or alteration in excitation-contraction coupling, respectively, is a consequence. In contrast, hypothermic cardiac arrest, as routinely applied during cardiac surgery, will not impose any hazard to cardiac function after rewarming. We hypothesize that by maintaining asystole during H/R, cardiomyocytes will avoid Ca2+ overload attributable to the transient stimulation-evoked elevation of [Ca2+ ]i and thus, H/R-induced elevation of phosphorylated cardiac troponin I and reduced Ca2+ sensitivity after rewarming. To test this hypothesis, the aim of the study was to determine whether discontinued electrical stimulation (to imitate hypothermic cardiac arrest) versus stimulation during 3 h of H/R prevents disruption of excitation-contraction coupling in our established cardiomyocyte H/R model. Cytosolic Ca2+ and the contractile response (sarcomere length shortening) were measured using an IonOptix system, and the dynamic assessment of Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction was conducted using a phase-loop plot. Cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups. Group 1 (time-matched control) was continuously stimulated at 0.5 Hz for 3 h at 35°C. Group 2 was continuously stimulated during H/R at 0.5 Hz, whereas in group 3 stimulation was discontinued during H/R and thus the cells remained quiescent until the resumption of stimulation after rewarming. The results demonstrate that discontinued stimulation of cardiomyocytes during H/R, imitating hypothermic cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery, provides protection against H/R-induced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. We suggest that protective effects are caused by preventing the protein kinase A-induced elevation of phosphorylated cardiac troponin I, which is a key mechanism to reduce myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Torkjel Tveita
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Surgical Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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23
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Han YS, Jeong HY, Hyun SP, Hayes KF, Chon CM. Beam-induced redox transformation of arsenic during As K-edge XAS measurements: availability of reducing or oxidizing agents and As speciation. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:763-770. [PMID: 29714186 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of arsenic (As), beam-induced redox transformation is often observed. In this study, the As species immobilized by poorly crystallized mackinawite (FeS) was assessed for the susceptibility to beam-induced redox reactions as a function of sample properties including the redox state of FeS and the solid-phase As speciation. The beam-induced oxidation of reduced As species was found to be mediated by the atmospheric O2 and the oxidation products of FeS [e.g. Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and intermediate sulfurs]. Regardless of the redox state of FeS, both arsenic sulfide and surface-complexed As(III) readily underwent the photo-oxidation upon exposure to the atmospheric O2 during XAS measurements. With strict O2 exclusion, however, both As(0) and arsenic sulfide were less prone to the photo-oxidation by Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides than NaAsO2 and/or surface-complexed As(III). In case of unaerated As(V)-reacted FeS samples, surface-complexed As(V) was photocatalytically reduced during XAS measurements, but arsenic sulfide did not undergo the photo-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Deajeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Young Jeong
- Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan Natinal University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Hyun
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Deajeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim F Hayes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Chul Min Chon
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Deajeon 34132, Republic of Korea
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Piedrahita TM, Osorio S, Han YS, Diaz R, Sieck G. Oxidative Stress‐Induced Changes in Ca
2+
Sensitivity of Cardiomyocytes Do Not Recover. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.583.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Osorio
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Young Soo Han
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Rienzi Diaz
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Departamento de MedicinaUniversidad de ValparaisoRegión de ValparaísoChile
| | - Gary Sieck
- Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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25
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Sun ZM, Liu HL, Wu Y, Geng LQ, Zheng CC, Tang BL, Zhu XY, Tong J, Wang XB, Ding KY, Wan X, Zhang L, Yao W, Zhang XH, Han YS, Yang HZ, Liu X, Zhu WW, Wu JS, Wang ZY. [Comparison of intensified myeloablative conditioning regime without antithymocytic globulin (ATG) with myeloablative conditioning regime for single-unit unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation in hematological malignancies]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 96:2214-9. [PMID: 27480651 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.28.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To campare the effect and tolerance beween intensified myeloablative conditioning regime (IMCR) without antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and myeloablative conditioning regime (MCR) for single-unit unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (sUCBT) in hematological malignancies. METHODS The clinical data of 190 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing sUCBT between April 2000 and December 2013 at Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 156 received IMCR without ATG (IMCR group), including 79 patient receiving total body irradiation (TBI)/cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)/cyclophosphamide (CY) regime, 47 receiving fludarabine (Flu)/busulfan (Bu)/CY regime, and 30 receiving Ara-C/Bu/CY regime, and all of the 156 received a combination of cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophelonate mofetil (MMF) for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); the remaining 34 patients received MCR (MCR group), 30 patients receiving Bu/CY regime, and 4 receiving TBI/CY regime, all using CsA/MMF±ATG or methotrexate (MTX) for the prophylaxis of GVHD. The two groups were compared in disease status at the time of transplantation, characteristics of graft, transplantation effect, and transplantation-related complications. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, disease type, human leukocyte antigen match, ABO blood type match, and disease status at the time of transplantation (all P>0.05). The median age and body weight at transplantation in the IMCR group were significantly higher than those in the MCR group (13 years vs 9 years, P=0.003; 44 kg vs 26 kg, P=0.000). The median doses of infused total nucleated cells (×10(7)/kg) and CD34(+) cells (×10(5)/kg) in the IMCR group were significantly lower than in the MCR group (3.87 vs 4.99, P=0.002; 2.00 vs 3.17, P=0.000). The cumulative incidence of myeloid engraftment on the 42th day and platelet engraftment on the 120th day in the IMCR group were remarkably higher than in the MCR group [96.33%(95%CI: 96.27%-96.39%)vs 82.30%(95%CI: 80.67%-83.93%), P=0.000; 86.44%(95%CI: 86.28%-86.60%)vs 51.17%(95%CI: 49.02%-53.32%), P=0.002]. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ acute GVHD, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ acute GVHD, and 2-year chronic GVHD(P=0.482, 0.928, 0.579). The incidence of pre-engraftment syndrome in the IMCR group was higher than in the MCR group(82.70% vs 47.06%, P=0.000). And 180-day transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in the IMCR group was lower than that in the MCR group [20.50%(95%CI: 20.28%-20.71%)vs 42.20% (95%CI: 41.32%-45.09%), P=0.004]. Up to October 2015, with a median follow-up of 44.2(22.7-188.9)months, the estimated 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival in the IMCR group were both significantly higher than those in the MCR group (62.90% vs 34.10%, P=0.000; 58.60% vs 34.10%, P=0.001). CONCLUSION IMCR without ATG may improve the engraftment without increasing complications, reduce early transplantation-related mortality, and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Sun
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
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26
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Zhang L, Lu HW, Liu HL, Zhu XY, Tang BL, Zheng CC, Yang HZ, Geng LQ, Ding KY, Wang XB, Han YS, Liu X, Wu JS, Zhu WW, Cai XY, Sun ZM. [Pathogens and clinical characteristics of bacterial infection in hematology department between 2010 and 2014]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2016; 37:383-7. [PMID: 27210872 PMCID: PMC7348313 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of distribution and drug resistance of bacterial infection in several different parts of hematology department inpatients of Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014, including patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Anti-microbial susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems and the data were analysed by WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS A total of 3 312 copies of inspection samples were analyzed, including 2 716 (82%) blood samples and other 596 specimens (18%). 634 bacterial strains were isolated from 3 312 samples (19.14%) including 488 samples (76.97%) from blood culture. 427 (67.35%) bacterial strains were gram-negative, and the other 207 (32.65%) were gram-positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most common gram-negative bacterial and the resistant rates to imipenem were 0.8%, 11.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Detection rates of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 83.9% and 75.0%, respectively. At the same time, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were most common kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus accounted for 65.9% antibiotic resistance. No vancomycin and/or linezolid and/or tigecycline resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were found in those patients. CONCLUSION Patients with hematology diseases had a higher risk of bacterial infections, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. There are different distributions of bacterial in different wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
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Schaible N, Han YS, Hoang T, Arteaga G, Tveita T, Sieck G. Hypothermia/rewarming disrupts excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1533-40. [PMID: 26993227 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00840.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia/rewarming (H/R) is poorly tolerated by the myocardium; however, the underlying intracellular basis of H/R-induced cardiac dysfunction remains elusive. We hypothesized that in cardiomyocytes, H/R disrupts excitation-contraction coupling by reducing myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity due to an increase in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation. To test this hypothesis, isolated rat cardiomyocytes (13-15 cells from 6 rats per group) were electrically stimulated to evoke both cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyto) and contractile (sarcomere shortening) responses that were simultaneously measured using an IonOptix system. Cardiomyocytes were divided into two groups: 1) those exposed to hypothermia (15°C for 2 h) followed by rewarming (35°C; H/R); or 2) time-matched normothermic (35°C) controls (CTL). Contractile dysfunction after H/R was indicated by reduced velocity and extent of sarcomere length (SL) shortening compared with time-matched controls. Throughout hypothermia, basal [Ca(2+)]cyto increased and the duration of evoked [Ca(2+)]cyto transients was prolonged. Phase-loop plots of [Ca(2+)]cyto vs. contraction were shifted rightward in cardiomyocytes during hypothermia compared with CTL, indicating a decrease in Ca(2+) sensitivity. Using Western blot, we found that H/R increases cTnI phosphorylation. These results support our overall hypothesis and suggest that H/R disrupts excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes due to increased cTnI phosphorylation and reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccole Schaible
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Young Soo Han
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Thuy Hoang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Grace Arteaga
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Torkjel Tveita
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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28
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Kwon JY, Han YS, Kim JY, Suh DC, Lee JH, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS. Intracranial Artery Stenting May Not Improve Cognitive Function: A Preliminary Study. J Stroke 2016; 18:227-9. [PMID: 26915503 PMCID: PMC4901944 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Kwon
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Chul Suh
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong S Kim
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Han YS, Lee YS, Park EK. Single-Port (Grove Port) Laparoscopic Hysterectomy With Extracoporeal Vaginal Cuff Closure Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Hysterectomy With Intracoporeal Vaginal Cuff Closure. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Han YS, min Yang C, Lee SH, Shin JH, Moon SW, Kang JH. Secondary angle closure glaucoma by lupus choroidopathy as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:148. [PMID: 26511325 PMCID: PMC4625431 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a rare case of secondary angle closure glaucoma due to systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy as initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus, accompanied by central nervous system vasculitis and uncontrolled nephropathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 31-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity, nausea, vomiting, fever, and bilateral angioedema-like eyelid swelling. She had persistent dry cough while taking medication for 3 months, and had usual posterior neck pain, which was treated with analgesic medication and Asian medicines. Intraocular pressure was 32 and 34 mmHg in her right and left eyes, respectively. Peripheral anterior chambers were shallow (grade I) using the van Herick method. Gonioscopy revealed 360° closed angle in both eyes. In both eyes, serous retinal detachment was found using optical coherence tomography and B scan ultrasonography, as well as choroidal thickening with effusion. Secondary acute angle closure glaucoma was drug induced, or caused by uveitis of unknown etiology when she was first treated with intraocular pressure-lowering medication. During evaluation of the drug-induced angioedema in the internal medicine department, systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed, based on malar rash, photosensitivity, proteinuria, and positive anti-Smith and anti-DNA antibodies, followed by initiation of steroid pulse therapy. Using fluorescein angiography, multifocal subretinal pinpoint foci were detected at the middle phase. We then diagnosed bilateral angle closure glaucoma by choroidal effusions, with lupus choroidopathy. At 2 months after steroid pulse therapy, subretinal fluid was not found, and visual acuity improved to normal. During the subsequent 2 years, lupus choroidopathy was not aggravated but lupus nephritis was not controlled. CONCLUSION Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy can develop ciliochoroidal effusion, which can lead to acute angle closure glaucoma. Systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy is an early sign of severe complications. Angle closure glaucoma by systemic lupus erythematosus choroidopathy can be effectively treated using antiglaucoma drugs and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Chan min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Korea.
| | - Sang Woong Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Korea.
| | - Ja Heon Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05278, Korea.
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Ryu TH, Jung JY, Choi DL, Han YS, Kim JD, Kim JH. Optimal central venous pressure during the neohepatic phase to decrease peak portal vein flow velocity for the prevention of portal hyperperfusion in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:1194-8. [PMID: 26036552 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between intraoperative systemic hemodynamic status and preventing portal hyperperfusion, which induces shear stress on the sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver grafts, resulting in poor graft function in live-donor recipients, has not been identified. This study evaluates the effects of systemic hemodynamic parameters (SHPs) during the neohepatic phase on changes in hepatic hemodynamic parameters (HHPs) between the neohepatic phase and the 1st postoperative day. METHODS Thirty-eight patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were enrolled in this study. HHPs (flow velocities of portal vein and hepatic artery) were measured immediately after hepatic artery and bile duct reconstruction and on the first postoperative day. SHPs (mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure [CVP], cardiac index, stroke volume variation, stroke volume index, systemic vascular resistance index, and central venous oxygen saturation) were recorded and averaged for 5 minutes after the measurement of HHPs. The relationships between the SHPs and HHPs were assessed using linear or quadratic regression analysis. RESULTS Peak portal vein flow velocity (PVV) decreased on the 1st postoperative day in 24 patients (63%). There was an inverted-U relationship between CVP and the percentage change in PVV (R(2) = 0.241, P = .008). According to the quadratic regression model, the PVV maximally decreased at a CVP of 7.8 mm Hg. No significant correlations were found between the other SHPs and HHPs. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining CVP (approximately 8 mm Hg) during the neohepatic phase was clinically beneficial in decreasing PVV to prevent portal hyperperfusion in the early postoperative period of LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - D L Choi
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Han
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Schaible N, Han YS, Zaidan L, Arteaga G, Tveita T, Sieck G. Stress Responses Initiated in Cardiomyocytes during Hypothermia‐Induced Rewarming Shock. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.946.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccole Schaible
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | - Young Soo Han
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | - Louai Zaidan
- College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | - Grace Arteaga
- Pediatric Critical Care MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | | | - Gary Sieck
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
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Kim JD, Choi DL, Han YS. Fourteen successful consecutive cases of ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation: new simplified intravenous immunoglobulin protocol without local infusion therapy. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:754-7. [PMID: 24767341 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since various innovative strategies including local infusion therapy and rituximab have been introduced, the survivals and outcomes of recipients in ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have remarkably improved. Thus, ABO-I LDLT can be a feasible therapeutic option for the patient with end-stage liver disease if an ABO-compatible donor is not available. Although most ABO-I protocols are based on rituximab, plasma exchange, and local infusion therapy, treatment strategies have been changing according to a center's preference or their results. Nonetheless, the consensus of the ABO-I LDLT protocol remains undetermined. Herein, we present our experience with new simple ABO-I LDLT protocol and the excellent results for 14 patients from January 2011 to May 2013. All patients were administrated a single dose of rituximab over 7 days before transplantation followed by plasma exchange to lower anti-ABO antibody titer ≤32. The basic immunosuppression protocol consisted of tacrolimus and steroids with mycophenolate mofetil starting 3 days before transplantation. Splenectomy was not performed routinely and local infusion therapy was not applied at the postoperative period. Instead, the patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) after LDLT on days 1, 3, and 5. Neither antibody-mediated rejection nor biliary stricture were encountered in the patients, with a mean follow-up of 16.27 ± 9.4 months. This new simplified ABO-I LDLT protocol seems to prevent antibody-mediated rejection and could be considered as the safe and effective modality to overcome the ABO blood-type barrier in LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - D L Choi
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Y S Han
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Han YS, Lee P, Jin KH. Comparison of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer after Cataract Surgery. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2015.56.4.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccole Schaible
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | - Young Soo Han
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | - Grace Arteaga
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
| | | | - Gary Sieck
- Dept of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ki Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Han YS, Arroyo J, Ogut O. Human heart failure is accompanied by altered protein kinase A subunit expression and post-translational state. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:25-33. [PMID: 23942052 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor blockade reduces total mortality and all-cause hospitalizations in patients with heart failure (HF). Nonetheless, β-blockade does not halt disease progression, suggesting that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling downstream of β-adrenergic receptor activation may persist through unique post-translational states. In this study, human myocardial tissue was used to examine the state of PKA subunits. As expected, total myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation and Ser23/24 troponin I phosphorylation significantly decreased in HF. Examination of PKA subunits demonstrated no change in type II regulatory (RIIα) or catalytic (Cα) subunit expression, although site specific RIIα (Ser96) and Cα (Thr197) phosphorylation were increased in HF. Further, the expression of type I regulatory subunit (RI) was increased in HF. Isoelectric focusing of RIα demonstrated up to three variants, consistent with reports that Ser77 and Ser83 are in vivo phosphorylation sites. Western blots with site-specific monoclonal antibodies showed increased Ser83 phosphorylation in HF. 8-fluo-cAMP binding by wild type and phosphomimic Ser77 and Ser83 mutant RIα proteins demonstrated reduced Kd for the double mutant as compared to WT RIα. Therefore, failing myocardium displays altered expression and post-translational modification of PKA subunits that may impact downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
| | - Young Soo Han
- Neutron Science Division,
Research Reactor Utilization Department, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Baek Seok Seong
- Neutron Science Division,
Research Reactor Utilization Department, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
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40
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Han YS, Brozovich FV. Altered reactivity of tertiary mesenteric arteries following acute myocardial ischemia. J Vasc Res 2012; 50:100-8. [PMID: 23172397 DOI: 10.1159/000343015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown if cardiac ischemia has any deleterious effect on the contractile properties of nonischemic, peripheral vascular beds. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether acute myocardial ischemia results in peripheral vascular dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS This study characterized force maintenance and the sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated smooth muscle (SM) relaxation of tertiary (3rd) mesenteric arteries from Sprague-Dawley rats following 30 min of myocardial ischemia. Both the phosphorylation of nonmuscle (NM) light chain (LC) and SM-LCs as well as the expression of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) were also determined. Our data demonstrate that acute myocardial ischemia resulted in vascular dysfunction of 3rd mesenteric vessels, characterized by decreases in force maintenance, ACh- and cGMP-mediated SM relaxation, the phosphorylation of NM-LCs and SM-LCs, and MYPT1 expression. Ischemia was also associated with an increase in protein polyubiquitination, suggesting that during ischemia MYPT1 is targeted for degradation or proteolysis. CONCLUSION Acute myocardial ischemia produces peripheral vascular dysfunction; the changes in LC phosphorylation and MYPT1 expression result in a decrease in both tone and the sensitivity to NO-mediated SM relaxation of the peripheral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To unravel the possible mechanism of acute posttraumatic insulin resistance in rats. METHODS Resection of small intestine was performed to establish the surgical trauma model. The blood glucose and serum insulin level were detected and the HOMA index was calculated. The Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed to investigate the glucose disposal rate by peripheral tissue. The content and phosphorylation state of IRS-1, p85 of PI3-K and PKB/Akt in skeletal muscle were measured respectively. Finally, the [3H] labeled glucose uptake experiment was carried out. RESULTS The blood glucose elevated significantly after resection of small intestine in rats. The level of serum insulin decreased during the first 30 min after operation but elevated in the following time. The HOMA-IR in trauma group was significantly greater than control group; however the HOMA-β in trauma group was less than control group. The glucose disposal rate was decreased 49% after operation. The p-IRS-1(Ser307) was significantly enhanced 95% after trauma while the p-IRS-1 (Tyr612) was attenuated by 38%. The phosphorylation of its downstream target, p-PKB/Akt(Ser473) was attenuated by 48%. Accordingly, the glucose uptaken by skeletal muscle was significantly decreased in trauma group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the posttraumatic insulin resistance occurred soon after surgical trauma in rats. The level of insulin was relatively insufficient because of the decreased sensitivity in peripheral tissue. Trauma induced Ser phosphorylation instead of Tyr phosphorylation eliminated the ability of IRS-1 to activate downstream effector molecules such as PKB/Akt and resulted in severe impairment of insulin signal transduction and glucose transport in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Kim HJ, Kwon YM, Kim YI, Lee IH, Jin BR, Han YS, Cheon HM, Kang YJ, Seo SJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of the STAT gene in Hyphantria cunea haemocytes. Insect Mol Biol 2011; 20:723-732. [PMID: 21958414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new insect member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors, Hyphantria cunea STAT (HcSTAT), was cloned from the lepidopteran H. cunea. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain were well conserved. During all developmental stages, the gene was expressed at a low level in the haemocytes, fat body cells, midgut, epidermis and Malpighian tubules. The haemocytes and Malpighian tubules showed transcriptional activation of HcSTAT upon Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial challenges. These challenges increased the induction and nuclear translocation of the HcSTAT protein that recognizes a STAT target site in H. cunea haemocytes. In vivo treatment with sodium orthovanadate translocated HcSTAT to the haemocyte nucleus. This study shows the involvement of the haemocyte Janus kinase/STAT pathway after microbial infection in lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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43
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Kim SH, Lee SE, Hong MK, Song NH, Yoon B, Viet P, Ahn YJ, Lee BM, Jung JW, Kim KP, Han YS, Kim JG, Kang LW. Homologous expression and quantitative analysis of T3SS-dependent secretion of TAP-tagged XoAvrBs2 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae induced by rice leaf extract. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 21:679-85. [PMID: 21791953 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1102.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) produces a putative effector, XoAvrBs2. We expressed XoAvrBs2 homologously in Xoo with a TAP-tag at the C-terminus to enable quantitative analysis of protein expression and secretion. Addition of rice leaf extracts from both Xoo-sensitive and Xoo-resistant rice cultivars to the Xoo cells induced expression of the XoAvrBs2 gene at the transcriptional and translational levels, and also stimulated a remarkable amount of XoAvrBs2 secretion into the medium. In a T3SS-defective Xoo mutant strain, secretion of the TAPtagged XoAvrBs2 was blocked. Thus, we elucidated the transcriptional and translational expressions of the XoAvrBs2 gene in Xoo was induced in vitro by the interaction with rice and the induced secretion of XoAvrBs2 was T3SSdependent. It is the first report to measure the homologous expression and secretion of XoAvrBs2 in vitro by rice leaf extract. Our system for the quantitative analysis of effector protein expression and secretion could be generally used for the study of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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44
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Han YS, Ogut O. Force relaxation and thin filament protein phosphorylation during acute myocardial ischemia. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 68:18-31. [PMID: 20925105 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia impairs myocardial function and may contribute to the progression of heart failure. In this study, rats subjected to acute ischemia demonstrated reduced Ca(2+) -activated force as well as a decrease in myosin-binding protein-C, titin, and Ser23/24 phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI). All three proteins have been demonstrated to be downstream targets of β-adrenergic receptor activation (β-AR), leading to the hypothesis that decreased β-AR signaling during ischemia leads to reduced protein phosphorylation and reduced rate constants of force relaxation. To test this hypothesis, force relaxation transients were recorded from permeabilized perfused and ischemic rat heart fibers following photolysis of the caged chelator diazo-2. Relaxation transients were best fit by double exponential functions whereby the majority (>70%) of the force decline was described by the fast rate constant, which was ∼5 times faster than the slow rate constant. However, rate constants of relaxation between perfused and ischemic fibers were not different, despite significant decreases in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation in ischemic fibers. Treatment of perfused fibers with a cAMP analog increased Ser23/24 phosphorylation of TnI, yet the rate constants of relaxation remained unchanged. Interestingly, similar treatment of ischemic fibers did not impact TnI phosphorylation or force relaxation transients. Therefore, acute ischemia does not influence the rate constants of relaxation of permeabilized fibers. These results also suggest that the physiological level of sarcomeric protein phosphorylation is unlikely to be the primary driver of relaxation kinetics in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Kim BM, Won J, Maeng KA, Han YS, Yun YS, Hong SH. Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, acts synergistically with ionizing radiation against A549 human lung cancer cells through the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:1467-1473. [PMID: 19360361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a radiosensitizing effect on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, but little is known about the underlying cellular mechanism. In this study, we found that the treatment with the NSAID nimesulide significantly increased the sensitivity of A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells to radiotherapy. The combined nimesulide-radiation treatment increased apoptosis, induced the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated caspase-8, and induced cleavage of Bid. A pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, suppressed this increase in apoptosis and also suppressed the cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP, suggesting a caspase-dependent mechanism. In addition, z-IETD-fmk, a selective caspase-8 inhibitor, suppressed the nimesulide- and radiation-induced cleavage activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bid, and suppressed the concomitant apoptosis, indicating that the nimesulide-induced increase in radiosensitivity was initiated by caspase-8. However, the caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk failed to suppress activation of the caspase-8/Bid pathway, indicating that caspase-3 activation occurred downstream of caspase-8 activation in our experiments. Marked antitumor effects, which were evaluated by measuring protracted tumor regression, were observed when nude mice were treated with a combination of nimesulide at a clinically achievable dose (0.5 mg/kg) and radiation therapy. Our results, demonstrating the radiosensitivity-increasing and tumor growth-inhibiting effects of nimesulide, suggest that nimesulide may be suitable as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Mo Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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46
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Shin TJ, Lee B, Lee J, Jin S, Sung BS, Han YS, Lee CH, Stein RS, Ree M. Small-angle neutron scattering study of the miscibility of metallocene-catalyzed octene linear low-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene blends. J Appl Crystallogr 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889809002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis was performed to investigate the miscibility of blends of metallocene-catalyzed octene linear low-density polyethylene (octene-mLLDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The quantitative SANS analysis found that the blends are miscible in both the melt and the quenched states. Moreover, this analysis confirmed that the radii of gyration of octene-mLLDPE(D) and LDPE(H) remain unchanged in the quenched state and that the two polymer components cocrystallizeviafast crystallization from the melt state.
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Asma A, Wan Fazlina WH, Almyzan A, Han YS, Jamilah AG, Roslin S, Ann MT, Borhan L, Wan Norliana A, Saim L, Rohana J. Benefit and pitfalls of newborn hearing screening. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63:293-297. [PMID: 19385487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The importance of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) in identifying hearing-impaired infants as early as possible is already well recognized. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) have been established as a reliable method for UNHS in full term infants. This is a cross sectional study between April 2003--December 2005. Thirteen thousand five hundred and ninety eight (13,598) newborns were screened for hearing loss with portable otoacoustic emission (OAE) before discharge. The initial coverage rate during the 3 years study period was 85.9% (13,598) with 89.2% (3762), 79.0% (4480) and 90.3% (5356) for 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. The mean age when hearing loss was diagnosed using ABR were 3.56 months old, 3.08 months old, and 2.25 months old and 3.01 months old for 2003, 2004, 2005 respectively and it was statistically significant. The defaulter rate at the third stage during the 3 years study period was 35% (21), 15.2% (7) and 18.2% (2) for 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. This study showed significant improvement in initial referral rate, coverage rate and age of diagnosis. However, we need to improve on high defaulter rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Im EK, Han YS, Chung JH. Functional changes in a novel uracil-DNA glycosylase determined by mutational analyses. Mikrobiologiia 2008; 77:644-650. [PMID: 19004346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a ubiquitous enzyme found in bacteria and eukaryotes, which removes uracil residues from DNA strands. Methanococcus jannaschii UDG (MjUDG), a novel monofunctional glycosylase, contains a helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motif and Gly/Pro rich loop (GPD region), which is important for catalytic activity; it shares these features with other glycosylases such as endonuclease III. First, to examine the role of two conserved amino acid residues (Asp150 and Tyr152) in the HhH-GPD region of MjUDG, mutant MjUDG proteins were constructed, in which Asp 150 was replaced with either Glu or Trp (D150E and D150W), Tyr152 was replaced with either Glu or Asn (Y152E and Y152N). Mutant D150W completely lacked DNA glycosylase activity, whereas D150E displayed reduced activity of about 70% of the wild type value. However, the mutants Y152E and Y152N retained unchanged levels of UDG activity. We also replaced Glu132 in the HhH motif with a lysine residue equivalent to Lys120 in endonuclease III. This mutation converted the enzyme into a bifunctional glycosylase/AP lyase capable of both removing uracil at a glycosylic bond and cleaving the phosphodiester backbone at an AP site. Mutant E132K catalyzes a beta-elimination reaction at the AP site via uracil excision and forms a Schiff base intermediate in the form of a protein-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Im
- Yonsei Research Institute of Aging Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Kwon YM, Kim HJ, Kim YI, Kang YJ, Lee IH, Jin BR, Han YS, Cheon HM, Ha NG, Seo SJ. Comparative analysis of two attacin genes from Hyphantria cunea. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 151:213-20. [PMID: 18682300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A full-length clone corresponding to attacin was isolated from a cDNA library made from fat body of immunized Hyphantria cunea larvae. This newly isolated attacin B shows characteristics different from those previously reported for attacin A. The two attacin cDNAs encode precursor proteins of 233 and 248 amino acid residues, respectively. The two attacins show 45.9% identity at the amino acid level, and 35.2% identity at the nucleotide level. Attacins A and B of H. cunea show significant identities with the attacins of Lepidoptera. Attacin B is a typical glycine-rich protein, while attacin A is leucine-rich. Attacin B is expressed from last instar larvae to adult, while attacin A showed stage-specific expression during the prepupal and pupal stages. Attacins A and B are predicted to have different secondary structure in that attacin A has no tendency to form helices but attacin B contains a substantial number of helices. Attacin A is induced at a trace level in infected larvae, while attacin B is strongly induced against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The attacin B transcripts were detected in fat body, epidermis and hemocytes after injection with Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, or Candida albicans, but not in the midgut and Malpighian tubule. Recombinant attacin A showed no antibacterial activity, while recombinant attacin B showed strong antibacterial activity in proportion to the amount of the protein injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Wold RM, Han YS, Schaible N, Pabelick CM, Tveita T, Prakash YS, Sieck GC. Altered cardiac mitochondrial Ca
2+
regulation during rewarming following hypothermia. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a582-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild M Wold
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Tromso9037 TromsøTromsoNorway
| | | | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
- Department of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine4‐184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SWRochesterMN55905
| | - Torkjel Tveita
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Tromso9037 TromsøTromsoNorway
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
- Department of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine4‐184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SWRochesterMN55905
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering
- Department of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine4‐184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St SWRochesterMN55905
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