1
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Fortenberry A, Mohammad SA, Werfel TA, Smith AE. Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge-Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone-Based Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200420. [PMID: 35820157 PMCID: PMC9780167 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a "reactive platform" to prepare charge-shifting polycations via post-polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA-derived charge-shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide-functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester- and thioester-functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester-functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester-functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA-based charge-shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Thomas A. Werfel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
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2
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Wang T, Kang W, Yang H, Li Z, Fan H, Zheng W, Zhu T, Aidarova S, Gabdullin M. Water-soluble grafted sodium polyacrylate with low concentration: Synthesis and thermal properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Mineo AM, Buck ME, Katsumata R. Molecular design of polymer coatings capable of photo‐triggered stress relaxation via dynamic covalent bond exchange. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn M. Mineo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Maren E. Buck
- Department of Chemistry Smith College Northampton Massachusetts USA
| | - Reika Katsumata
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Massachusetts USA
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4
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Grace JL, Amado M, Reid JC, Elliott AG, Landersdorfer CB, Truong NP, Kempe K, Cooper MA, Davis TP, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L, Velkov T, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR. An optimised Cu(0)-RDRP approach for the synthesis of lipidated oligomeric vinyl azlactone: toward a versatile antimicrobial materials screening platform. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6796-6809. [PMID: 31603181 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This report details the synthesis of lipidated 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDM) oligomers via an optimised Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation approach, and the use of these oligomers as a versatile functional platform for the rapid generation of antimicrobial materials. The relative amounts of CuBr2 and Me6TREN were optimised to allow the fast and controlled polymerisation of VDM. These conditions were then used with the initiators ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, dodecyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, and (R)-3-((2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl didodecanoate to synthesise a library of oligo(VDM) (degree of polymerisation = 10) with ethyl, dodecyl or diglyceride end-groups. Subsequently, ring-opening of the pendant oxazolone group with various amines (i.e., 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-di-Boc-guanidine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, N-Boc-ethylenediamine, or N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) expanded the library to give 12 functional oligomers incorporating different cationic and lipid elements. The antimicrobial activities of these oligomers were assessed against a palette of bacteria and fungi: i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The oligomers generally exhibited the greatest activity against the fungus, C. neoformans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg mL-1 (comparable to the clinically approved antifungal fluconazole). To assess haemocompatibility, the oligomers were assayed against erythrocytes, with the primary amine or guanidine containing C12 and 2C12 oligomers exhibiting greater lysis against the red blood cells (HC10 values between 7.1 and 43 μg mL-1) than their imidazole and tertiary amine counterparts (HC10 of >217 μg mL-1). Oligomers showed the greatest selectivity for C. neoformans, with the C12- and 2C12-tertiary amine and C12-imidazole oligomers possessing the greatest selectivity of >54-109. These results demonstrate the utility of reactive oligomers for rapidly assessing structure-property relationships for antibacterial and antifungal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Grace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Janet C Reid
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nghia P Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Zhong Y, Zeberl BJ, Wang X, Luo J. Combinatorial approaches in post-polymerization modification for rational development of therapeutic delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:21-37. [PMID: 29654990 PMCID: PMC5985219 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combinatorial polymer library approach has been proven to be effective for the optimization of therapeutic delivery systems. The library of polymers with chemical diversity has been synthesized by (i) polymerization of functionalized monomers or (ii) post-polymerization modification of reactive polymers. Most scientists have followed the first approach so far, and the second method has emerged as a versatile approach for combinatorial biomaterials discovery. This review focuses on the second approach, especially discussing the post-modifications that employ reactive polymers as templates for combinatorial synthesis of a library of functional polymers with distinct structural diversity or a combination of different functionalities. In this way, the functional polymers have a consistent chain length and distribution, which allows for systematic optimization of therapeutic delivery polymers for the efficient delivery of genes, small-molecule drugs, and protein therapeutics. In this review, the modification of representative reactive polymers for the delivery of different therapeutic payloads are summarized. The recent advances in rational design and optimization of therapeutic delivery systems based on reactive polymers are highlighted. This review ends with a summary of the current achievements and the prospect on future directions in applying the approach of post-polymerization modification of polymers to accelerate the development of therapeutic delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A strategy to rationally design and systematically optimize polymers for the efficient delivery of specific therapeutics is highly needed. The combinatorial polymer library approach could be an effective way to this end. The post-polymerization modification of reactive polymer precursors is applicable for the combinatorial synthesis of a library of functional polymers with distinct structural diversity across a consistent degree of polymerization. This allows for parallel comparison and systematic evaluation/optimization of functional polymers for efficient therapeutic delivery. This review summarizes the key elements of this combinatorial polymer synthesis approach realized by post-polymerization modification of reactive polymer precursors towards the development and identification of optimal polymers for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Brian J Zeberl
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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6
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Aden B, Street DP, Hopkins BW, Lokitz BS, Kilbey SM. Tailoring Surface Properties through in Situ Functionality Gradients in Reactively Modified Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5204-5213. [PMID: 29693402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Generating physical or chemical gradients in thin-film scaffolds is an efficient approach for screening and optimizing an interfacial structure or chemical functionality to create tailored surfaces that are useful because of their wetting, antifouling, or barrier properties. The relationship between the structure of poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) brushes created by the preferential assembly of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- block-PVDMA diblock copolymers and the ability to chemically modify the PVDMA chains in situ to create a gradient in functionality are examined to investigate how the extent of functionalization affects the interfacial and surface properties. The introduction of a chemical gradient by controlled immersion allows reactive modification to generate position-dependent properties that are assessed by ellipsometry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy imaging. After functionalization of the azlactone rings with n-alkyl amines, ellipsometry confirms an increase in thickness and contact angle measurements support an increase in hydrophobicity along the substrate. These results are used to establish relationships between layer thickness, reaction time, position, and the extent of functionalization and demonstrate that gradual immersion into the functionalizing solution results in a linear change in chemical functionality along the surface. These findings broadly support efforts to produce tailored surfaces by in situ chemical modification, having application as tailored membranes, protein resistant surfaces, or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bradley S Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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7
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Wang X, Davis JL, Aden BM, Lokitz BS, Kilbey SM. Versatile Synthesis of Amine-Reactive Microgels by Self-Assembly of Azlactone-Containing Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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8
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Borodinov N, Gil D, Savchak M, Gross CE, Yadavalli NS, Ma R, Tsukruk VV, Minko S, Vertegel A, Luzinov I. En Route to Practicality of the Polymer Grafting Technology: One-Step Interfacial Modification with Amphiphilic Molecular Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13941-13952. [PMID: 29608051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification with polymer grafting is a versatile tool for tuning the surface properties of a wide variety of materials. From a practical point of view, such a process should be readily scalable and transferable between different substrates and consist of as least number of steps as possible. To this end, a cross-linkable amphiphilic copolymer system that is able to bind covalently to surfaces and form permanently attached networks via a one-step procedure is reported here. This system consists of brushlike copolymers (molecular brushes) made of glycidyl methacrylate, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), and lauryl methacrylate, which provide the final product with tunable reactivity and balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The detailed study of the copolymer synthesis and properties has been carried out to establish the most efficient pathway to design and tailor this amphiphilic molecular brush system for specific applications. As an example of the applications, we showed the ability to control the deposition of graphene oxide (GO) sheets on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces using GO modified with the molecular brushes. Also, the capability to tune the osteoblast cell adhesion with the copolymer-based coatings was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher E Gross
- Department of Orthopaedics , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Nataraja Sekhar Yadavalli
- Nanostructured Materials Laboratory , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Ruilong Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Sergiy Minko
- Nanostructured Materials Laboratory , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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9
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Aden B, Kite CM, Hopkins BW, Zetterberg A, Lokitz BS, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM. Assessing Chemical Transformation of Reactive, Interfacial Thin Films Made of End-Tethered Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) Chains. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Aden
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Camille M. Kite
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anna Zetterberg
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John F. Ankner
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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Guo W, Xiong L, Reese CM, Amato DV, Thompson BJ, Logan PK, Patton DL. Post-polymerization modification of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer brushes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amine-anhydride reactions on polymer brushes provide a modular post-modification strategy to functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Li Xiong
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Cassandra M. Reese
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Douglas V. Amato
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Phillip K. Logan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Derek L. Patton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
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11
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Weeks CA, Aden B, Kilbey SM, Janorkar AV. Synthesis and Characterization of an Array of Elastin-like Polypeptide–Polyelectrolyte Conjugates with Varying Chemistries and Amine Content for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2196-2206. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Andrew Weeks
- Department
of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - Bethany Aden
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 322 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Departments
of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 322 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amol V. Janorkar
- Department
of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
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12
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Weeks CA, Aden B, Zhang J, Singh A, Hickey RD, Kilbey SM, Nyberg SL, Janorkar AV. Effect of amine content and chemistry on long-term, three-dimensional hepatocyte spheroid culture atop aminated elastin-like polypeptide coatings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:377-388. [PMID: 27648820 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions that induce hepatic spheroidal aggregates sustain liver cells with metabolism that mimics in vivo hepatocytes. Here we present an array of elastin-like polypeptide conjugate coating materials (Aminated-ELPs) that are biocompatible, have spheroid-forming capacity, can be coated atop traditional culture surfaces, and maintain structural integrity while ensuring adherence of spheroids over long culture period. The Aminated-ELPs were synthesized either by direct conjugation of ELP and various polyelectrolytes or by conjugating both ELP and various small electrolytes to the reactive polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA). Spheroid morphology, cellular metabolic function, and liver-specific gene expression over the long-term, 20-day culture period were assessed through optical microscopy, measurement of total protein content and albumin and urea production, and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR. We found that the amine content of the Aminated-ELP coatings dictated the initial hepatocyte attachment, but not the subsequent hepatocyte spheroid formation and their continued attachment. A lower amine content was generally found to sustain higher albumin production by the spheroids. Out of the 19 Aminated-ELP coatings tested, we found that the lysine-containing substrates comprising ELP-polylysine or ELP-PVDMA-butanediamine proved to consistently culture productive spheroidal hepatocytes. We suggest that the incorporation of lysine functional groups in Aminated-ELP rendered more biocompatible surfaces, increasing spheroid attachment and leading to increased liver-specific function. Taken together, the Aminated-ELP array presented here has the potential to create in vitro hepatocyte culture models that mimic in vivo liver functionality and thus, lead to better understanding of liver pathophysiology and superior screening methods for drug efficacy and toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 377-388, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrew Weeks
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Bethany Aden
- Departments of Chemistry & Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 322 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
| | - Anisha Singh
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Raymond D Hickey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - S Michael Kilbey
- Departments of Chemistry & Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 322 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Scott L Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216
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13
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Barkakaty B, Browning KL, Sumpter B, Uhrig D, Karpisova I, Harman KW, Ivanov I, Hensley DK, Messman JM, Kilbey SM, Lokitz BS. Amidine-Functionalized Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) for Selective and Efficient CO2 Fixing. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaka Barkakaty
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Bobby Sumpter
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Uhrig
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ivana Karpisova
- Department
of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics
and Informatics, Comenius University, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kevin W. Harman
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilia Ivanov
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dale K. Hensley
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jamie M. Messman
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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14
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Quek JY, Liu X, Davis TP, Roth PJ, Lowe AB. RAFT-prepared α-difunctional poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone)s and their derivatives: synthesis and effect of end-groups on aqueous inverse temperature solubility. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five R-group di-functional dithiobenzoates have been prepared and used in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang Quek
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Xuechao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Peter J. Roth
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
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15
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van Hensbergen JA, Burford RP, Lowe AB. ROMP (co)polymers with pendent alkyne side groups: post-polymerization modification employing thiol–yne and CuAAC coupling chemistries. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of copolymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) containing pendent trimethylsilyl-protected alkyne functional groups is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. van Hensbergen
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW AUSTRALIA
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert P. Burford
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW AUSTRALIA
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW AUSTRALIA
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
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16
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Hansen RR, Hinestrosa JP, Shubert KR, Morrell-Falvey JL, Pelletier DA, Messman JM, Kilbey SM, Lokitz BS, Retterer ST. Lectin-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) surface scaffolds for high avidity microbial capture. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3742-8. [PMID: 24003861 DOI: 10.1021/bm4011358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a critical and dynamic role in shaping the interactions between microbial community members and their local environment. The capture of targeted microbes using surface immobilized lectins that recognize specific extracellular oligosaccharide moieties offers a nondestructive method for functional characterization of EPS content. In this report, we evaluate the use of the block copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (PGMA-b-PVDMA), as a surface scaffold for lectin-specific microbial capture. Three-dimensional polymer films were patterned on silicon substrates to provide discrete, covalent coupling sites for Triticum vulgare and Lens culinaris lectins. This material increased the number of Pseudomonas fluorescens microbes captured by up to 43% compared to control scaffolds that did not contain the copolymer. These results demonstrate that PGMA-b-PVDMA scaffolds provide a platform for improved microbe capture and screening of EPS content by combining high avidity lectin surfaces with three-dimensional surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Hansen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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17
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Quek JY, Zhu Y, Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. RAFT Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Behavior of Novel pH- and Thermo-Responsive (Co)Polymers Derived from Reactive Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) Scaffolds. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4013187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang Quek
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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18
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Zhu Y, Quek JY, Lowe AB, Roth PJ. Thermoresponsive (Co)polymers through Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone). Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhu
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jing Yang Quek
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Jones MW, Richards SJ, Haddleton DM, Gibson MI. Poly(azlactone)s: versatile scaffolds for tandem post-polymerisation modification and glycopolymer synthesis. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Ho HT, Levere ME, Pascual S, Montembault V, Casse N, Caruso A, Fontaine L. Thermoresponsive block copolymers containing reactive azlactone groups and their bioconjugation with lysozyme. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Hensarling RM, Hoff EA, LeBlanc AP, Guo W, Rahane SB, Patton DL. Photocaged pendent thiol polymer brush surfaces for postpolymerization modifications via thiol-click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Knorr DB, Jaye C, Fischer DA, Shoch AB, Lenhart JL. Manipulation of interfacial amine density in epoxy-amine systems as studied by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15294-15304. [PMID: 23013540 DOI: 10.1021/la3033786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the ability to tune the quantity of surface amine functional groups in the interfacial region of epoxy-diamine composites using NEXAFS, a technique that is extremely sensitive to surface composition. Thereby, we employ a model surface (silicon wafer with the native oxide present) and, after deposition of an epoxy functionalized silane, we immersed the wafers in various diamines, followed by reaction with a diepoxy acting as a molecular probe. These results show that the number of available surface amines depends on the diamine chosen, wherein smaller molecular weight diamines provide more reaction sites. Subsequent experiments with mixtures of diamines undergoing competitive adsorption show that the amine quantity can be tailored by choice of the diamine mixture. Further experiments of diamine treated 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane layers in a reacting epoxy/diamine showed that the surface reaction site density differences observed for adsorption experiments persisted in the reacting epoxy, implying that the surface reaction rate (and by extension, the surface amine concentration) dictate interfacial cross-link density up to the point of gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Knorr
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States
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23
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Gardner CM, Brown CE, Stöver HDH. Synthesis and properties of water‐soluble azlactone copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casandra M. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carla E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Lokitz BS, Wei J, Hinestrosa JP, Ivanov I, Browning JF, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM, Messman JM. Manipulating Interfaces through Surface Confinement of Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(vinyldimethylazlactone), a Dually Reactive Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300991p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jifeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa 50112, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Hinestrosa
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilia Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - James F. Browning
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John F. Ankner
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996,
United States
| | - Jamie M. Messman
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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25
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Ho HT, Leroux F, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L. Amine-Reactive Polymers Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization Using an Azlactone Functional Trithiocarbonate RAFT Agent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1753-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Galvin CJ, Genzer J. Applications of surface-grafted macromolecules derived from post-polymerization modification reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Laquièvre A, Allaway NS, Lyskawa J, Woisel P, Lefebvre JM, Fournier D. Highly efficient ring-opening reaction of azlactone-based copolymer platforms for the design of functionalized materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:848-55. [PMID: 22508541 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azlactone-based homopolymers and copolymers were successfully synthesized using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. The functional monomer 2-styryl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (SDA) was first homopolymerized in bulk then copolymerized with styrene, leading to (co)polymers with low polydispersity indices (PDI = 1.10-1.20). The reactive azlactone rings, located along the backbone of the copolymers were subjected to highly efficient ring-opening reactions with functionalized primary amine derivatives incorporating a fluorescent (naphthalene) or an electrochemical (ferrocene) probes, a biological fragment (glutathione), a sugar unit (β-cyclodextrin), or an oligomeric fluorinated moiety, leading to materials with various interesting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Laquièvre
- Université Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France, USTL, Unité des Matériaux Et Transformations (UMET, UMR 8207), Ingénierie des Systèmes polymères Team, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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28
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Ho HT, Levere ME, Fournier D, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Introducing the Azlactone Functionality into Polymers through Controlled Radical Polymerization: Strategies and Recent Developments. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymers containing the highly reactive azlactone group have emerged as a powerful platform useful in various application areas. This Highlight summarizes recent developments in the field of azlactone-derived polymers made in our group using controlled radical polymerizations (ATRP and RAFT) and ‘click’ chemistry methodology (thiol-Michael addition), leading to well defined reactive polymers.
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29
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers as Reactive Platforms for the Design of Advanced Materials: Progress in the Last Ten Years. Polym Chem 2012; 3:66-80. [PMID: 29492112 PMCID: PMC5826603 DOI: 10.1039/c1py00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymers functionalized with azlactone (or oxazolone) functionality have become increasingly useful for the rapid and modular design of functional materials. Because azlactones can react via ring-opening reactions with a variety of different nucleophilic species (e.g., primary amines, hydroxyl groups, and thiol functionality), azlactone-functionalized materials can serve as convenient 'reactive' platforms for the post-synthesis or post-fabrication introduction of a broad range of chemical functionality to soluble polymers, insoluble supports, and surfaces/interfaces. The last decade has seen an increase in both the number and the variety of reports that exploit the properties and the reactivities of azlactone-functionalized polymers. Here, we highlight recent work from several different laboratories, including our own, toward the design and characterization of azlactone-functionalized polymers, with a particular emphasis on: (i) new synthetic approaches for the preparation of well-defined azlactone-functionalized polymers using living/controlled methods of polymerization, (ii) the design and modular synthesis of side-chain functionalized polymers and block copolymers via post-polymerization modification of azlactone-functionalized polymers, (iii) the development of reactive polymeric supports useful in the contexts of separations and catalysis, and (iv) methods for the fabrication of reactive thin films and other approaches to the immobilization of azlactone functionality on surfaces and interfaces. Examples discussed herein reveal a growing awareness of azlactone functionality as a useful tool for polymer chemists, and highlight several ways that the unique reactivity of these materials can both complement and provide useful alternatives to other reactive polymers currently used to design functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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30
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Arnold RM, Huddleston NE, Locklin J. Utilizing click chemistry to design functional interfaces through post-polymerization modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of Covalently Crosslinked and Reactive Polymer Multilayers Using Azlactone-Functionalized Copolymers: A Platform for the Design of Functional Biointerfaces. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2011; 13:B343-B352. [PMID: 30034272 PMCID: PMC6052878 DOI: 10.1002/adem.201080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for modulating the physicochemical properties of surfaces that is based on the reactive layer-by-layer fabrication of covalently crosslinked thin films using azlactone-functionalized copolymers. We demonstrate that copolymers containing different molar ratios of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDMA) can be alternately deposited with poly(ethyleneimine) to assemble covalently crosslinked thin films. Characterization using ellipsometry demonstrates that, in general, film growth and thickness decrease as the content of reactive, azlactone functionality in the copolymer used to assemble the film decreases. Reflective infrared spectroscopy experiments demonstrate that films fabricated from MMA:VDMA copolymers contain residual azlactone functionality and that these reactive groups can be exploited to modify film-coated surfaces. Fabricating films from MMA:VDMA copolymers containing different compositions permitted modulation of the density of reactive groups within the films and, thus, the extent to which the films are functionalized by exposure to small molecule amines. For example, functionalization of MMA:VDMA copolymer films with the small molecule D-glucamine resulted in films with water contact angles that varied with the composition of the copolymer used to fabricate the film (e.g., as the azlactone content in the film increased, glucamine-modified films became more hydrophilic). We demonstrate further that treatment of copolymer-containing films with glucamine resulted in changes in the numbers of mammalian cells that grow on the surfaces of the films. Our results suggest the basis of methods that could be used to modulate or tune the density of chemical and biological functionality presented on surfaces of interest in a variety of fundamental and applied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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32
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Soto-Cantu E, Lokitz BS, Hinestrosa JP, Deodhar C, Messman JM, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM. Versatility of alkyne-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) layers for click reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:5986-5996. [PMID: 21506527 DOI: 10.1021/la2000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional soft interfaces are of interest for a variety of technologies. We describe three methods for preparing substrates with alkyne groups, which show versatility for "click" chemistry reactions. Two of the methods have the same root: formation of thin, covalently attached, reactive interfacial layers of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) via spin coating onto silicon wafers followed by reactive modification with either propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid. The amine or the carboxylic acid moieties react with the epoxy groups of PGMA, creating interfacial polymer layers decorated with alkyne groups. The third method consists of using copolymers comprising glycidyl methacrylate and propargyl methacrylate (pGP). The pGP copolymers are spin coated and covalently attached on silicon wafers. For each method, we investigate the factors that control film thickness and content of alkyne groups using ellipsometry, and study the nanophase structure of the films using neutron reflectometry. Azide-terminated polymers of methacrylic acid and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were attached to the alkyne-modified substrates using "click" chemistry, and grafting densities in the range of 0.007-0.95 chains nm(-2) were attained. The maximum density of alkyne groups attained by functionalization of PGMA with propargylamine or 5-hexynoic acid was approximately 2 alkynes nm(-3). The alkyne content obtained by the three decorating approaches was sufficiently high that it was not the limiting factor for the click reaction of azide-capped polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Soto-Cantu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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33
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Saurer EM, Flessner RM, Buck ME, Lynn DM. Fabrication of Covalently Crosslinked and Amine-Reactive Microcapsules by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Azlactone-Containing Polymer Multilayers on Sacrificial Microparticle Templates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 2011; 21:1736-1745. [PMID: 21383867 PMCID: PMC3048458 DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02633f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of covalently crosslinked and amine-reactive hollow microcapsules using 'reactive' layer-by-layer assembly to deposit thin polymer films on sacrificial microparticle templates. Our approach is based on the alternating deposition of layers of a synthetic polyamine and a polymer containing reactive azlactone functionality. Multilayered films composed of branched poly(ethylene imine) (BPEI) and poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) were fabricated layer-by-layer on the surfaces of calcium carbonate and glass microparticle templates. After fabrication, these films contained residual azlactone functionality that was accessible for reaction with amine-containing molecules. Dissolution of the calcium carbonate or glass cores using aqueous ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or hydrofluoric acid (HF), respectively, led to the formation of hollow polymer microcapsules. These microcapsules were robust enough to encapsulate and retain a model macromolecule (FITC-dextran) and were stable for at least 22 hours in high ionic strength environments, in low and high pH solutions, and in several common organic solvents. Significant differences in the behaviors of capsules fabricated on CaCO(3) and glass cores were observed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Whereas capsules fabricated on CaCO(3) templates collapsed upon drying, capsules fabricated on glass templates remained rigid and spherical. Characterization using EDS suggested that this latter behavior results, at least in part, from the presence of insoluble metal fluoride salts that are trapped or precipitate within the walls of capsules after etching of the glass cores using HF. Our results demonstrate that the assembly of BPEI/PVDMA films on sacrificial templates can be used to fabricate reactive microcapsules of potential use in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, drug and gene delivery, imaging, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Saurer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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34
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Ho TH, Levere M, Soutif JC, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Synthesis of thermoresponsive oxazolone end-functional polymers for reactions with amines using thiol-Michael addition “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Levere ME, Ho HT, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Stable azlactone-functionalized nanoparticles prepared from thermoresponsive copolymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Peng M, Liao Z, Zhu Z, Guo H. A Simple Polymerizable Polysoap Greatly Enhances the Grafting Efficiency of the “Grafting-to” Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101953h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhangjie Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongming Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Honglei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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37
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Pascual S, Blin T, Saikia PJ, Thomas M, Gosselin P, Fontaine L. Block copolymers based on 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone by RAFT polymerization: Experimental and computational studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Functionalization of fibers using azlactone-containing polymers: layer-by-layer fabrication of reactive thin films on the surfaces of hair and cellulose-based materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1421-9. [PMID: 20402471 PMCID: PMC2877158 DOI: 10.1021/am1000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the functionalization of fibers and fiber-based materials that is based on the deposition of reactive azlactone-functionalized polymers and the "reactive" layer-by-layer assembly of azlactone-containing thin films. We demonstrate (i) that the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) can be used to modify the surfaces of a model protein-based fiber (horsehair) and cellulose-based materials (e.g., cotton and paper), and (ii) that fibers functionalized in this manner can be used to support the fabrication of covalently cross-linked and reactive polymer multilayers assembled using PVDMA and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The growth, chemical reactivity, and uniformity of films deposited on these substrates were characterized using fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the direct functionalization of fibers, we demonstrate that the residual azlactone functionality in PVDMA-treated or film-coated fibers can be exploited to chemically modify the surface chemistry and physicochemical properties of fiber-based materials postfabrication using amine functionalized molecules. For example, we demonstrate that this approach permits control over the surface properties of paper (e.g., absorption of water) by simple postfabrication treatment of film-coated paper with the hydrophobic amine n-decylamine. The azlactone functionality present in these materials provides a platform for the modification of polymer-treated and film-coated fibers with a broad range of other chemical and biological species (e.g., enzymes, peptides, catalysts, etc.). The results of this investigation thus provide a basis for the functionalization of fibers and fiber-based materials (e.g., textile fabrics or nonwoven mats) of potential utility in a broad range of consumer, industrial, and biomedical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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