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Brechtl J, Li Y, Li K, Kearney L, Nawaz K, Flores-Betancourt A, Thompson M, Rios O, Momen AM. Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of a Thermally Conductive Polymer Composite for Heat Exchanger Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121970. [PMID: 34203628 PMCID: PMC8232206 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites are being considered for numerous thermal applications because of their inherent benefits, such as light weight, corrosion resistance, and reduced cost. In this work, the microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties of a 3D printed polymer composite with high thermal conductivity are examined using multiple characterization techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal that the composite contains a polyphenylene sulfide matrix with graphitic fillers, which is responsible for the high thermal conductivity. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry determines that the glass transition and melting point of the composite are 87.6 °C and 285.6 °C, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the composite is thermally stable up to ~400 °C. Creep tests are performed at different isotherms to evaluate the long-term performance of the composite. The creep result indicates that the composite can maintain mechanical integrity when used below its glass transition temperature. Nanoindentation tests reveal that modulus and hardness of the composite is not significantly influenced by heating or creep conditions. These findings indicate that the composite is potentially suitable for heat exchanger applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson Brechtl
- Multifunctional Equipment Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Yuzhan Li
- Multifunctional Equipment Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.); (A.M.M.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Li
- Multifunctional Equipment Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Logan Kearney
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;
| | - Kashif Nawaz
- Multifunctional Equipment Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Alexis Flores-Betancourt
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Orlando Rios
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Ayyoub M. Momen
- Multifunctional Equipment Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.); (A.M.M.)
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2
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Wang W, Wu X, Ding C, Huang X, Ye N, Yu Q, Mai K. Thermal aging performance of glass fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites in high temperature. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoman Wu
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Chao Ding
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Nanbiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Quan Yu
- State Key Laboratory, Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Kancheng Mai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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3
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Yan P, Yang F, Xiang M, Wu T, Fu Q. New insights into the memory effect on the crystallization behavior of poly(phenylene sulfide). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Monnier X, Delpouve N, Saiter-Fourcin A. Distinct dynamics of structural relaxation in the amorphous phase of poly(l-lactic acid) revealed by quiescent crystallization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3224-3233. [PMID: 32162627 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) experiments were performed to investigate physical aging in amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid)s (PLLAs) that were thermally crystallized under conditions leading to the α'- or α-crystalline form, and either favouring or inhibiting the development of a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF). The enthalpy of recovery was calculated after two procedures of rescaling to the content of the whole amorphous phase and also to the only content of the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), which helped in clarifying the contribution of the RAF. From the dependence of the structural relaxation rate on the aging temperature, two regimes were evidenced for all samples. In the aging temperature domain situated close to the glass transition, the structural relaxation occurs significantly faster in the MAF. Its rate is independent of the aging temperature and is not influenced by the microstructure. However, the distance to equilibrium is higher in samples for which the coupling is strong between crystal and amorphous, implying that the time to reach equilibrium is also higher. In contrast, at low aging temperatures, for which the whole amorphous phase can be considered as solid, MAF and RAF exhibit the same structrural relaxation rate. This convergence in the relaxation kinetics by decreasing the temperature of physical aging was interpreted as the evolution of relaxation dynamics in the MAF from segmental to local. This change is highlighted by the comparison between MAF and RAF relaxation kinetics, but it occurs similarly in a pure amorphous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Allisson Saiter-Fourcin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
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5
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Furushima Y, Nakada M, Yoshida Y, Okada K. Crystallization/Melting Kinetics and Morphological Analysis of Polyphenylene Sulfide. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Nakada
- Toray Research Center Inc.; 3-7, Sonoyama 3-chome Otsu Shiga 520-8567 Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Toray Research Center Inc.; 3-7, Sonoyama 3-chome Otsu Shiga 520-8567 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Okada
- Toray Research Center Inc.; 3-7, Sonoyama 3-chome Otsu Shiga 520-8567 Japan
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6
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Çoban O, Kivanç T, Bora MÖ, Özcan B, Sinmazçelik T, Fidan S. Thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical properties' optimization of polyphenylene sulfide via optimal processing parameters using the Taguchi method. J Appl Stat 2016; 43:2661-2680. [PMID: 38818090 PMCID: PMC11133858 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2016.1142948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) were optimized as a function of extrusion and injection molding parameters. For this purpose, design of experiments approach utilizing Taguchi's L27 (37) orthogonal arrays was used. Effect of the parameters on desired properties was determined using the analysis of variance. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests were performed for the analysis of thermal properties such as melting temperature (Tm) and melting enthalpy (ΔHM). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were performed for the analysis of viscoelastic properties such as damping factor (tan δ) and glass transition temperature (Tg). Tensile tests were performed for the analysis of mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus. With optimized process parameters, verification DSC, DMA and tensile tests were performed for thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical properties, respectively. The Taguchi method showed that 'barrel temperature' and its level of '340°C' were seen to be the most effective parameter and its level; respectively. It was suggested that PPS can be reinforced for further improvement after optimized thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Çoban
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Talha Kivanç
- Borajet Technic, Ataturk Airport, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özgür Bora
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Burcu Özcan
- Industrial Eng. Dept., Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Fidan
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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7
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Yang J, Pruvost S, Livi S, Duchet-Rumeau J. Understanding of Versatile and Tunable Nanostructuration of Ionic Liquids on Fluorinated Copolymer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jannick Duchet-Rumeau
- Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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8
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Wang L, Yu H, Chi Y, Lu A, Liu T, Luo S. Influence of Thermal Cross-Linking Temperature on the Crystallization Behavior of Poly(phenylene sulfide). ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Material Science and Engineering College; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Material Science and Engineering College; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chi
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - ShiKai Luo
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan People's Republic of China
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9
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Ma Y, Cong P, Liu X, Lv R, Li T. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber Materials. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2014.954959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Effects of partial miscibility on the structure and properties of novel high performance blends composed of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(phenylsulfone). Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Abstract
A novel polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) modified by silane grafting and water cross-linking technology has been prepared using suspension grafting. Fourier transform infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic spectra demonstrated the achievement of silane grafting and subsequent water cross-linking. The grafting degree could be adjusted by altering the silane/PPS molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and so on. Wide angle x-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity and crystal size of the modified PPS decreased with increase in the grafting degree. Differential scanning calorimeter results also confirmed that the crystallinity and crystallization temperature decreased with the increase in the grafting degree. The silane-grafted PPS exhibited two weight loss stages in thermogravimetric curves, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature was much higher than the processing temperature. Therefore, the silane-grafted PPS is thermally stable enough to be used as a high-performance polymer and polymer matrix for structural applications. The extent of silane grafting plays a key role in the improvement of the impact toughness of the silane-grafted PPS. With the increasing silane grafting degree, the impact strength of the silane-grafted PPS/neat PPS blends obviously increased.
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12
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Yao Z, Hong-fei L, Li-jia A, Shi-chun J. PROGRESS IN STUDIES ON STRUCTURE AND RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF THE AMORPHOUS PHASES IN CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Perret E, Reifler FA, Hufenus R, Bunk O, Heuberger M. Modified Crystallization in PET/PPS Bicomponent Fibers Revealed by Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3021213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Perret
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers,
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Felix A. Reifler
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers,
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Hufenus
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers,
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen,
Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heuberger
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers,
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen,
Switzerland
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14
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Ma Q, Georgiev G, Cebe P. Constraints in semicrystalline polymers: Using quasi-isothermal analysis to investigate the mechanisms of formation and loss of the rigid amorphous fraction. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Barique MA, Seesukphronrarak S, Wu L, Ohira A. A Comparison Between Highly Crystalline and Low Crystalline Poly(phenylene sulfide) as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:27-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108562s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Barique
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center (FC-Cubic), Technology Research Association, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Surasak Seesukphronrarak
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center (FC-Cubic), Technology Research Association, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Libin Wu
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center (FC-Cubic), Technology Research Association, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center (FC-Cubic), Technology Research Association, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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16
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Kalkar AK, Deshpande VD, Kulkarni MJ. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly (phenylene sulphide) in composites with a liquid crystalline polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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del Río J, Etxeberria A, López-Rodríguez N, Lizundia E, Sarasua JR. A PALS Contribution to the Supramolecular Structure of Poly(l-lactide). Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902247y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. del Río
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Etxeberria
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros and Instituto de Materiales Poliméricos (POLYMAT), Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), M. de Lardizabal, 3. 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - N. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minero-Metalúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), ETS de Ingeniería de Bilbao, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E. Lizundia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minero-Metalúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), ETS de Ingeniería de Bilbao, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J. R. Sarasua
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minero-Metalúrgica y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), ETS de Ingeniería de Bilbao, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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18
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Kalkar A, Deshpande V, Kulkarni M. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(phenylene sulfide)/TLCP composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Glass transition behavior and dynamic fragility in polylactides containing mobile and rigid amorphous fractions. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Marega C, Causin V, Marigo A. The morphology, structure and melting behaviour of cold crystallized isotactic polystyrene. Macromol Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Funari SS, Mano JF. Influence of Semicrystalline Morphology on the Glass Transition of Poly(L-lactic acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Lu D, Pan S. Effects of ball milling dispersion of nano-SiOx particles on impact strength and crystallization behavior of nano-SiOx–poly(phenylene sulfide) nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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D'Ilario L, Martinelli A. Glass transition and the origin of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) secondary crystallization. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2006; 19:37-45. [PMID: 16416246 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2006-00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low temperature cold-crystallization on quenched poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) amorphous phase behaviour was systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) over the entire range of the process, from its early stage to the end. For the first time a well resolved double glass transition of partially cold-crystallized samples was evidenced. A T(g) steady increase was observed during the primary crystallization process, due to the reduction of amorphous chain segmental mobility imposed by the growing rigid phase. A shift of the relaxation temperature of about 10 degrees C was recorded at the end of the primary crystallization process. As the secondary crystallization takes place a new glass transition appears at higher temperature. For longer annealing time the lower T(g) disappears while the intensity of the upper one increases. The upper temperature glass transition of semi-crystalline PPS is explained as a consequence of the PPS secondary cold-crystallization process. In the light of the thermal and dynamic mechanical results, an interpretation is given of step-wise double crystallization, evidenced in non-isothermal cold-crystallization experiments carried out at low heating rate and followed by means of FT-IR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D'Ilario
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, PO Box 34-ROMA 62, Roma, Italy.
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24
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DeLapp RC, LeBoeuf EJ, Bell KD. Thermodynamic properties of several soil- and sediment-derived natural organic materials. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 54:527-539. [PMID: 14581055 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the structure of soil- and sediment-derived organic matter is critical to elucidating the mechanisms that control the reactivity and transport of contaminants in the environment. This work focuses on an experimental investigation of thermodynamic properties that are a function of the macromolecular structure of natural organic matter (NOM). A suite of thermal analysis instruments were employed to quantify glass transition temperatures (Tg), constant-pressure specific heat capacities (Cp), and thermal expansion coefficients (alpha) of several International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) soil-, sediment-, and aquatic-derived NOMs. Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) of selected NOMs identified Tgs between 36 and 72 degrees C, and alphas ranging from 11 mum/m degrees C below the Tg to 242 mum/m degrees C above the Tg. Standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) measurements provided additional evidence of glass transition behavior, including identification of multiple transition behavior in two aquatic samples. TMDSC also provided quantitative measures of Cp at 0 and 25 degrees C, ranging from 1.27 to 1.44 J/g degrees C. Results from TMA, DSC, and TMDSC analyses are consistent with glass transition theories for organic macromolecules, and the glass transition behavior of other NOM materials reported in previous studies. Discussion of the importance of quantifying these thermodynamic properties is presented in terms of improved physical and chemical characterization of NOM structures, and in terms of providing constraints to molecular simulation models of NOM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossane C DeLapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37325, USA
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25
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Natesan B, Xu H, Seyhan Ince B, Cebe P. Molecular relaxation of isotactic polystyrene: Real-time dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Xu H, Ince BS, Cebe P. Development of the crystallinity and rigid amorphous fraction in cold-crystallized isotactic polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Al-Hussein M, Strobl G. The Melting Line, the Crystallization Line, and the Equilibrium Melting Temperature of Isotactic Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Hussein
- Fakultät für Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G. Strobl
- Fakultät für Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Schick C. Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) – basics and applications to polymers. APPLICATIONS TO POLYMERS AND PLASTICS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4374(02)80019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Rueda DR, García Gutiérrez MC, Ania F, Zolotukhin MG, Baltá Calleja FJ. Crystallization Kinetics and Polymorphism in Aromatic Polyketones (PEKEKK) with Different Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Rueda
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - F. Ania
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - M. G. Zolotukhin
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - F. J. Baltá Calleja
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Fougnies C, Dosière M, Koch MHJ, Roovers J. Morphological Study and Melting Behavior of Narrow Molecular Weight Fractions of Poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) Annealed from the Glassy State. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fougnies
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000-Mons, Belgium, Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Institut de Technologie et de Recherche Environnementale, National Research Council, Ottawa, K1A OR6, Canada
| | - M. Dosière
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000-Mons, Belgium, Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Institut de Technologie et de Recherche Environnementale, National Research Council, Ottawa, K1A OR6, Canada
| | - M. H. J. Koch
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000-Mons, Belgium, Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Institut de Technologie et de Recherche Environnementale, National Research Council, Ottawa, K1A OR6, Canada
| | - J. Roovers
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000-Mons, Belgium, Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Institut de Technologie et de Recherche Environnementale, National Research Council, Ottawa, K1A OR6, Canada
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