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Schmidt M, Karg M, Thelakkat M, Brendel JC. Correlating Molar Mass, π-Conjugation, and Optical Properties of Narrowly Distributed Anionic Polythiophenes in Aqueous Solutions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300396. [PMID: 37533353 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polythiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPE) are attracting increasing attention as sensor or interface materials in chemistry and biology. While cationic polythiophenes are better understood, limited structural information is available on their anionic counterparts. Limited access to well-defined polymers has made the study of structure-property relationships difficult and clear correlations have remained elusive. By combining controlled Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization with a polymer-analog substitution, regioregular and narrowly distributed poly(6-(thiophen-3-yl)hexane-1-sulfonate)s (PTHS) with tailored chain length are prepared. Analysis of their aqueous solution structures by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed a cylindrical conformation for all polymers tested, with a length close to the contour length of the polymer chains, while the estimated radii remain too small (<1.5 nm) for extensive π-stacking of the chains. The latter is particularly interesting as the longest polymer exhibits a concentration-independent structured absorption typical of crystalline polythiophenes. Increasing the ionic strength of the solution diminishes these features as the Coulomb repulsion between the charged repeat units is shielded, allowing the polymer to adopt a more coiled conformation. The extended π-conjugation, therefore, appears to be a key parameter for these unique optical features, which are not present in the corresponding cationic polythiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmidt
- Applied Functional Polymers (AFUPO), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers (AFUPO), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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2
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Yu C, Zheng Q, Wang L, Wang T, Zheng X, Gao G. A prototype of benzobis(imidazolium)-embedded conjugated polyelectrolyte: Synthesis by direct C‒H arylation and fluorescent responses to anions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Chakraborty G, Bhattarai A, De R. Polyelectrolyte-Dye Interactions: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:598. [PMID: 35160587 PMCID: PMC8840521 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are polymers with repeating units of ionizable groups coupled with counterions. Recently, polyelectrolytes have drawn significant attention as highly promising macromolecular materials with potential for applications in almost every sector of our daily lives. Dyes are another class of chemical compounds that can interact with substrates and subsequently impart color through the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. This overview begins with an introduction to polyelectrolytes and dyes with their respective definitions, classifications (based on origin, molecular architecture, etc.), and applications in diverse fields. Thereafter, it explores the different possible interactions between polyelectrolytes and dyes, which is the main focus of this study. The various mechanisms involved in dye-polyelectrolyte interactions and the factors that influence them are also surveyed. Finally, these discussions are summarized, and their future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulmi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha 752054, India;
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
| | - Ranjit De
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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4
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Pichaandi KR, Safronov AV, Sevryugina YV, Everett TA, Jalisatgi SS, Hawthorne MF. Rodlike Polymers Containing Nickel and Cobalt Metal Bis(dicarbollide) Anions: Synthesis and Characterization. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kothanda Rama Pichaandi
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Alexander V. Safronov
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yulia V. Sevryugina
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Thomas A. Everett
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Satish S. Jalisatgi
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - M. Frederick Hawthorne
- International Institute of
Nano and Molecular Medicine (I2NM2), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Grenga PN, Nethercott MJ, Mateo AE, Patenaude M, Hoare T, Weliky DP, Priefer R. Thermal and Spectral Analysis of Novel Amide-Tethered Polymers from Poly(allylamine). Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-polymerization modification of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) was applied to synthesize a library of amide-linked polyelectrolytes with tethered aliphatic, aromatic, and cubyl moieties. The efficacy of amidation was determined to be between 12 and 98 %, depending on the electronics, sterics, and solubility of the amide linkage. 13C solid-state NMR was used to further validate their structure. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that none of the new polymers displayed a classic melt/freeze profile, but all displayed onset decomposition temperatures smaller than 215°C. We anticipate that the structure–property relationships observed in the resulting library of graft-modified polymers can facilitate better understanding of how to design polyelectrolytes for the construction of well-defined multilayer systems.
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6
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Synthesis and chemical properties of polyphenylenes cross-linked by electron-accepting viologen moiety. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Bai W, Wu C, Shang X, Cai L, Lin J. Precipitation and sol formation from poly(p-phenylene)s solutions by spectroscopic study. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Li X, Zhang N, Xu YJ. Promoting Visible-Light Photocatalysis with Palladium Species as Cocatalyst. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Bender M, Seehafer K, Findt M, Bunz UHF. Pyridine-based poly(aryleneethynylene)s: a study on anionic side chain density and their influence on optical properties and metallochromicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21829b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the Pd-catalyzed synthesis of six new water soluble, alternating poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene-p-pyridinylene-ethynylene) (abcb-alternating) copolymers and one poly(p-pyridinyleneethynylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Kai Seehafer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Marlene Findt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- CAM
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10
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Koizumi TA, Hayashi H, Shiozaki S, Yamamoto T. [Ru(bpy) 2 (bqdiBr 2 )](PF 6 ) 2 bearing a 3,6-dibromo-1,2-benzoquinone diimine ligand (bqdiBr 2 = Br-C 6 H 2 (NH) 2 -Br): Synthesis and its cross coupling reactions with organostannanes and organoboronic acids. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Kojima T, Koizumi TA, Sei Y, Shiozaki S, Abe M, Oota M, Kishi K, Naoi K, Yamamoto T. Preparation of new polysulfones with –O–(CH2)3–SO3H side chains. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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13
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Seo S, Kim J, Jang G, Kim D, Lee TS. Aggregation-deaggregation-triggered, tunable fluorescence of an assay ensemble composed of anionic conjugated polymer and polypeptides by enzymatic catalysis of trypsin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:918-924. [PMID: 24359429 DOI: 10.1021/am405120y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a water-soluble conjugated polymer composed of electron-donating units and electron-accepting groups in the backbone. The polymer exhibits a short wavelength (blue) emission in aqueous solution and long wavelength (red) emission in the solid state, because of intermolecular energy transfer. Considering this, we develop a new approach for the sensitive detection of trypsin, which is known to control pancreatic exocrine function, using an ensemble system composed of the anionically charged conjugated polymer and cationically charged polypeptides (such as polylysine and polyarginine). The blue-emitting, water-soluble conjugated polymer becomes aggregated upon exposure to the polypeptides, leading to a red-emitting assay ensemble. The red-emitting assay ensemble becomes dissociated in the conjugated polymer and polypeptide fragments by selective degradation of trypsin, which then exhibits recovery of blue emission. This emission-tuning assay ensemble allows for detection of trypsin at nanomolar concentrations, which enables naked-eye detection. Importantly, this strategy can be employed for label-free, continuous assay for trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Seo
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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14
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Kim D, Lee TS. The detection of thrombin using a mixture of a fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolyte and fibrinogen and implementation of a logic gate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5833-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective detection of thrombin is accomplished using an emission color-tunable conjugated polyelectrolyte. An implementation of a combined logic gate was realized upon emission modulation of the system including the polymer, fibrinogen, thrombin, and heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigeun Kim
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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15
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Son JH, Jang G, Lee TS. Synthesis of water-soluble, fluorescent, conjugated polybenzodiazaborole for detection of cyanide anion in water. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Stay D, Lonergan MC. Varying Anionic Functional Group Density in Sulfonate-Functionalized Polyfluorenes by a One-Phase Suzuki Polycondensation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Stay
- Department of Chemistry and The Materials
Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United
States
| | - Mark C. Lonergan
- Department of Chemistry and The Materials
Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United
States
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17
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18
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Kim D, Jang G, Kim J, Seo S, Park WH, Lee TS. Cobalt Ion-Mediated Cysteine Detection With a Hyperbranched Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as a New Sensing Platform. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1510-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Wang Z, Lei H, Zhou C, Wang G, Feng L. Highly selective ensembles for D-fructose based on fluorescent method in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 91:178-183. [PMID: 22381788 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three highly sensitive and selective switches for monosaccharides were composed by anionic polyelectrolyte PPPSO(3)Na and cationic viologen quencheres BBVs. The sensing processes of three ensembles (PPPSO(3)Na/o-BBV, PPPSO(3)Na/m-BBV and PPPSO(3)Na/p-BBV) to common seven monosaccharides have been determined by fluorescence spectra at pH 7.4 buffer solution. The results show that the three sensing ensembles all embody higher selectivity and sensitivity for d-fructose with reversible "on-off-on" fluorescence response. The research results can provide a new mode for developing highly selective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, PR China
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20
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Kwon NY, Kim D, Jang G, Lee JH, So JH, Kim CH, Kim TH, Lee TS. Highly selective cysteine detection and bioimaging in zebrafish through emission color change of water-soluble conjugated polymer-based assay complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1429-1433. [PMID: 22296511 DOI: 10.1021/am201677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new concept for rapid, label-free cysteine sensing method is proposed via possible naked eye-detection of red-to-blue emission color change. Intermolecular exciton migration in conjugated polyelectrolyte-based assay complex is adopted to enhance selectivity and sensitivity for cysteine sensing by formation and dissociation of polymer-Hg(2+)-thymine assay complex in the absence and presence of cysteine, respectively. The assay complex shows red emission due to cooperative aggregation of conjugated polyelectrolyte, thymine, and Hg(2+). Upon exposure to cysteine, the assay complex dissociates into individual molecules showing transparent, blue-emitting solution, because cysteine extracts Hg(2+) from the assay complex via more favorable binding between cysteine and Hg(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kwon
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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21
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Rugen-Penkalla N, Klapper M, Müllen K. Highly Charged Conjugated Polymers with Polyphenylene Backbones and Poly(acrylic acid) Side Chains. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202209u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128
Mainz, Germany
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22
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Feng L, Wang Y, Liang F, Xu M, Wang X. Highly selective recognition of monosaccharide based on two-component system in aqueous solution. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Yu X, Lu X. Facile Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed preparation of 9-tosylaminofluorene derivatives from o-arylated N-tosylbenzaldimines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Chen Q, Cui Y, Cao J, Han BH. Water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte with pendant glycocluster: Synthesis and its interaction with heparin. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Feng L, Liang F, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang X. A highly sensitive water-soluble system to sense glucose in aqueous solution. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2938-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Lee JH, Kim DG, Kwon NY, Jang GS, Son JH, Lee M, Cho HJ, Kweon HS, Lee TS. Protein-induced aggregation of fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolytes with sulfonate groups: Synthesis and its sensing application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Yan D, Lu J, Ma J, Wei M, Wang X, Evans DG, Duan X. Anionic poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/layered double hydroxide ordered ultrathin films with multiple quantum well structure: a combined experimental and theoretical study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7007-7014. [PMID: 20092347 DOI: 10.1021/la904228b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonated phenylenevinylene polyanion derivate (APPV) and exfoliated Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) monolayers were alternatively assembled into ordered ultrathin films (UTFs) employing a layer-by-layer method, which shows uniform yellow luminescence. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy present a stepwise and regular growth of the UTFs upon increasing deposited cycles. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the UTFs are orderly periodical layered structure with a thickness of 3.3-3.5 nm per bilayer. The APPV/LDH UTFs exhibit well-defined polarized photoemission characteristic with the maximum luminescence anisotropy of approximately 0.3. Moreover, the UTF exhibit longer fluorescence lifetime (3-3.85-fold) and higher photostability than the drop-casting APPV film under UV irradiation, suggesting that the existence of a LDH monolayer enhances the optical performance of the APPV polyanion. A combination study of electrochemistry and periodic density functional theory was used to investigate the electronic structure of the APPV/LDH system, illustrating that the APPV/LDH UTF is a kind of organic-inorganic hybrid multiple quantum well (MQW) structure with a low band energy of 1.7-1.8 eV, where the valence electrons of APPV can be confined into the energy wells formed by the LDH monolayers effectively. Therefore, this work not only gives a feasible method for fabricating a luminescence ultrathin film but also provides a detailed understanding of the geometric and electronic structures of photoactive polyanions confined between the LDH monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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28
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Huang F, Wu H, Cao Y. Water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers as highly efficient electron transporting/injection layer in optoelectronic devices. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2500-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b907991m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Jiang H, Taranekar P, Reynolds JR, Schanze KS. Conjugated polyelectrolytes: synthesis, photophysics, and applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4300-16. [PMID: 19444838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Organic optoelectronic polymers have evolved to the point where fine structural control of the conjugated main chain, coupled with solubilizing and property-modifying pendant substituents, provides an entirely new class of materials. Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) provide a unique set of properties, including water solubility and processability, main-chain-controlled exciton and charge transport, variable band gap light absorption and fluorescence, ionic interactions, and aggregation phenomena. These characteristics allow these materials to be considered for use in applications ranging from light-emitting diodes and electrochromic color-changing displays, to photovoltaic devices and photodetectors, along with chemical and biological sensors. This Review describes the evolution of CPE structures from simple polymers to complex materials, describes numerous photophysical aspects, including amplified quenching in macromolecules and aggregates, and illustrates how the physical and electronic properties lead to useful applications in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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30
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Chen Q, Cheng QY, Zhao YC, Han BH. Glucosamine Hydrochloride Functionalized Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyfluorene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Interactions with DNA. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1651-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF SULFONATE-SUBSTITUTED,TRIPHENYLAMINE-BASED CONJUGATED POLYELECTROLYTES. ACTA POLYM SIN 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2009.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Jiang H, Taranekar P, Reynolds J, Schanze K. Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte: Synthese, Photophysik und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Yamaguchi I, Mizoguchi N, Sato M. Self-Doped Polyphenylenes Containing Electron-Accepting Viologen Side Group. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900522w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Yamaguchi
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Naotaka Mizoguchi
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Sato
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Yan D, Lu J, Wei M, Han J, Ma J, Li F, Evans D, Duan X. Ordered Poly(p-phenylene)/Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Films with Blue Luminescence by Layer-by-Layer Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3073-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Yan D, Lu J, Wei M, Han J, Ma J, Li F, Evans D, Duan X. Ordered Poly(p-phenylene)/Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Films with Blue Luminescence by Layer-by-Layer Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Shi W, Wang L, Huang F, Liu R, Yang W, Cao Y. Anionic triphenylamine- and fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolyte as a hole-transporting material for polymer light-emitting diodes. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Grimsdale AC, Leok Chan K, Martin RE, Jokisz PG, Holmes AB. Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices. Chem Rev 2009; 109:897-1091. [PMID: 19228015 DOI: 10.1021/cr000013v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1724] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Grimsdale
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Khai Leok Chan
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel G. Jokisz
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Jiravanichanun N, Yamamoto K, Yonemura H, Yamada S, Otsuka H, Takahara A. Fabrication of Conjugated Polymer Hybrid Thin Films with Radially Oriented Aluminosilicate Nanofibers by Spin-Assembly. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cheng F, Imin P, Lazar S, Botton GA, de Silveira G, Marinov O, Deen J, Adronov A. Supramolecular Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Conjugated Polyelectrolytes and Their Patterning on Surfaces. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802147s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patigul Imin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sorin Lazar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi A. Botton
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glynis de Silveira
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ognian Marinov
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamal Deen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, and The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Qin C, Cheng Y, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Phosphonate-Functionalized Polyfluorene as a Highly Water-Soluble Iron(III) Chemosensor. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801282m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
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41
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Murage J, Eddy JW, Zimbalist JR, McIntyre TB, Wagner ZR, Goodson FE. Effect of Reaction Parameters on the Molecular Weights of Polymers Formed in a Suzuki Polycondensation. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801275y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Murage
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
| | - Jennifer W. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
| | - Jennifer R. Zimbalist
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
| | - Tia B. McIntyre
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
| | - Zachary R. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
| | - Felix E. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383
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42
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Chi C, Mikhailovsky A, Bazan GC. Design of Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for DNA Concentration Determination. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11134-45. [PMID: 17705479 DOI: 10.1021/ja072471s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes poly110 and poly120 were designed, synthesized, and characterized with the anticipation of function in the determination of double-stranded DNA concentration [dsDNA]. Their structures contain a pi-delocalized optically active backbone composed of phenylene-fluorene segments copolymerized with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) units and charged pendant groups that allow excellent solubility in water. The subscript in poly1x refers to the molar percent of BT units in the chain. Addition of dsDNA to poly110 or poly120 results in a change in the color of emission from blue to green. These spectral changes can be treated to obtain the parameter delta, which can be used to generate calibration curves that indicate [dsDNA]. Analysis of photoluminescence spectra reveals that dsDNA addition gives rise to more efficient FRET from blue emitting segments to the BT sites, an increase in the BT emission quantum yield, and partial quenching of the phenylene-fluorene segments. Studies were also carried out to maximize the range of [dsDNA] determination. We find that by combining the response from two different initial concentrations of poly110, it is possible to generate calibration curves that respond with a difference in [dsDNA] of over 7 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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43
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Li H, Valiyaveettil S. Water-Soluble Multifunctional Cross-Conjugated Poly(p-phenylenes) as Stimuli-Responsive Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0708500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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44
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Wu D, Zhi L, Bodwell G, Cui G, Tsao N, Müllen K. Self-Assembly of Positively Charged Discotic PAHs: From Nanofibers to Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Wu D, Zhi L, Bodwell GJ, Cui G, Tsao N, Müllen K. Self-Assembly of Positively Charged Discotic PAHs: From Nanofibers to Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5417-20. [PMID: 17562545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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46
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Lutkenhaus JL, Hammond PT. Electrochemically enabled polyelectrolyte multilayer devices: from fuel cells to sensors. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:804-816. [PMID: 32900071 DOI: 10.1039/b701203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With an ever-increasing need for thin, flexible and functional materials in electrochemical systems, the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique provides a simple and affordable route in creating new, active electrodes and electrolytes. The LbL technique, which is based upon the alternate adsorption of oppositely charged species from aqueous solution, possesses unprecedented control of materials selection ( polyelectrolytes, clays, nanoparticles, proteins), materials properties ( conductivity, glass-transition temperature) and architecture ( blends, stratified-layers, pores). These advantages make LbL assemblies excellent candidates for use in proton-exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel-cells, batteries, electrochromic devices, solar cells, and sensors. This review addresses the design of LbL films for electrochemical systems and recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-546 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-546 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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47
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Mikroyannidis JA, Barberis VP. New highly luminescent cationic polyelectrolytes based on poly(phenylenevinylene-alt-fluorenevinylene) or poly(fluorenevinylene) derivatives and their neutral precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Pinto MR, Tan C, Ramey MB, Reynolds JR, Bergstedt TS, Whitten DG, Schanze KS. Amplified fluorescence quenching and biosensor application of a poly (para-phenylene) cationic polyelectrolyte. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707779160861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Xie B, Bagui M, Guo R, Li K, Wang Q, Peng Z. Water-soluble conjugated polymers: Synthesis and optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Durben S, Dienes Y, Baumgartner T. Cationic Dithieno[3,2-b:2‘,3‘-d]phospholes: A New Building Block for Luminescent, Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Org Lett 2006; 8:5893-6. [PMID: 17134299 DOI: 10.1021/ol062580w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phospholes are accessible very efficiently by methylation of the phosphorus center. Further functionalization with bromo substituents in 2,6-positions affords a polymerizable monomer that can be copolymerized with a difunctionalized fluorene in a Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling protocol. The monomers as well as the resulting conjugated polyelectrolyte based on the phospholium units show very intriguing photoluminescence properties, even in the solid state. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Durben
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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