1
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Landfield H, Kalamaris N, Wang M. Extreme dependence of dynamics on concentration in highly crowded polyelectrolyte solutions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado4976. [PMID: 38959308 PMCID: PMC11221520 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Charge-carrying species, such as polyelectrolytes, are vital to natural and synthetic processes that rely on their dynamic behavior. Through single-particle tracking techniques, the diffusivity of individual polyelectrolyte chains and overall system viscosity are determined for concentrated polylysine solutions. These studies show scaling dependences of D ~ c-6.1 and η ~ c7.2, much stronger than theoretical predictions, drawing the applicability of power law fits into question. Similar trends are observed in concentrated solutions prepared at various pH and counterion conditions. These hindered system dynamics appear universal to polyelectrolyte systems and are attributed to the large effective excluded volumes of polyelectrolyte chains inducing glassy dynamics. The framework of the Vrentas-Duda free-volume theory is used to compare polyelectrolyte and neutral systems. Supported by this theory, excluding counterion mass from total polymer mass results in all environmental conditions collapsing onto a common trendline. These results are applicable to crowded biological systems, such as intracellular environments where protein mobility is strongly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Landfield
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas Kalamaris
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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2
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Weißheit S, Kuttich B, Vogel M, Thiele CM. Elastin-Like Peptide as a Model for Disordered Proteins: Diffusion Behaviour in Self-Crowding Conditions. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400117. [PMID: 38511646 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite the current high interest, there is limited information on diffusion data for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). This study investigates the effect of crowding on the diffusion behaviour of an elastin-like peptide (ELP), by combined pulse field gradient (PFG) and static field gradient (SFG) NMR techniques. We interpret our findings in terms of highly dynamic chain assemblies with weak interactions, resulting in ELP diffusion that is primarily governed by the viscous flow of the solvent. The diffusion behaviour of the peptide appears to resemble that of globular proteins rather than flexible linear polymers over a wide concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weißheit
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Marie Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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1H DOSY analysis of high molecular weight acrylamide-based copolymer electrolytes using an inverse-geometry diffusion probe. Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-023-00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCopolymers of [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AETAC) and acrylamide (AAm) (AETAC-co-AAm) are polyelectrolytes used as flocculants in wastewater purification. Diffusion-ordered two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments for AETAC-co-AAm samples with Mw ranging from 1.9 to 3.9 million and a polyacrylamide sample with Mw of 1.3 million were carried out in pure D2O and in D2O containing 0.1 or 1 M NaCl using an inverse-geometry diffusion probe system. Projections of the DOSY contour plots onto the diffusion coefficient (D) dimension gave distributions of D for the AETAC and AAm units in the samples. The D values at the maximum point of the distribution (Dp) agreed fairly well with those determined by dynamic light scattering.
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4
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Mishra R, Dumez JN. Theoretical analysis of flow effects in spatially encoded diffusion NMR. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014204. [PMID: 36610961 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of translational diffusion coefficients by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is essential in a broad range of fields, including organic, inorganic, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry. It is also a powerful method for mixture analysis. Spatially encoded diffusion NMR (SPEN DNMR)" is a time efficient technique to collect diffusion NMR data, which is particularly relevant for the analysis of samples that evolve in time. In many cases, motion other than diffusion is present in NMR samples. This is, for example, the case of flow NMR experiments, such as in online reaction monitoring and in the presence of sample convection. Such motion is deleterious for the accuracy of DNMR experiments in general and for SPEN DNMR in particular. Limited theoretical understanding of flow effects in SPEN DNMR experiments is an obstacle for their broader experimental implementation. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of flow effects in SPEN DNMR and of their compensation, throughout the relevant pulse sequences. This analysis is validated by comparison with numerical simulation performed with the Fokker-Planck formalism. We then consider, through numerical simulation, the specific cases of constant, laminar, and convection flow and the accuracy of SPEN DNMR experiments in these contexts. This analysis will be useful for the design and implementation of fast diffusion NMR experiments and for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Mishra
- CNRS, CEISAM, Nantes Université, UMR 6230, F-4400 Nantes, France
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5
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Ok S, Fernandes M, Sabti MA. Investigations on asphaltene aggregate formation by high-field diffusion NMR and low-field ghost solvent NMR relaxometry. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ok
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Michael Fernandes
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed A. Sabti
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
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6
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Grabe B, Hiller W. Molar Mass Distribution and Chemical Composition Distribution of PS- b-PMMA Block Copolymers Determined by Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Grabe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Landfield H, Wang M. Determination of Hydrophobic Polymer Clustering in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions through Single-Particle Tracking Diffusion Studies. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Landfield
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Zhang J, Yan Y, Wang B, Liu L, Li S, Tian Z, Ouyang C, Gu J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Han J, Zhang W. Water dynamics in the hydration shell of hyper-branched poly-ethylenimine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18393-18400. [PMID: 35880732 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01944b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed THz and GHz dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to investigate the reorientational dynamics of water molecules in the hydration shell of amphiphilic hyper-branched poly-ethylenimine (HPEI). Four Debye equations were employed to describe four types of water in the hydration shell, including bulk-like water, under-coordinated water, slow water (water molecules hydrating the hydrophobic groups and water molecules accepting hydrogen bonds from the NH2 groups) and super slow water (water molecules donating hydrogen bonds to and accepting hydrogen bonds from NH groups). The time scales of undercoordinated and bulk-like water show a slight decline from 0.4 to 0.1 ps and from 8 to 2 ps, respectively. Because of hydrophilic amino groups, HPEI molecules exhibit a strong retardation effect, where the time scales of slow and super slow water increase with concentration from 17 to 39.9 ps and from 88 to 225 ps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyue Yan
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Tian
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunmei Ouyang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqiang Gu
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Centre for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoeletronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tinajin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
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9
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Geiselhart CM, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Passerini Multicomponent Reactions Enabling Self-Reporting Photosensitive Tetrazole Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1159-1166. [PMID: 35549082 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the synthesis of photosensitive tetrazole monomers via Passerini multicomponent reactions (MCRs). We exploit the MCR's tolerance toward various functional groups under mild, catalyst-free conditions in a one-pot reaction setup to generate tetrazole-containing monomers featuring a methacrylic moiety, which enables their subsequent reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. By employing tetrazoles with either a 4-methoxy phenyl or a pyrene substituent, further modifications of the polymers in a wavelength-orthogonal, self-reporting fashion upon irradiation with either UV or visible light become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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10
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Danielsen SPO, Beech HK, Wang S, El-Zaatari BM, Wang X, Sapir L, Ouchi T, Wang Z, Johnson PN, Hu Y, Lundberg DJ, Stoychev G, Craig SL, Johnson JA, Kalow JA, Olsen BD, Rubinstein M. Molecular Characterization of Polymer Networks. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5042-5092. [PMID: 33792299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks are complex systems consisting of molecular components. Whereas the properties of the individual components are typically well understood by most chemists, translating that chemical insight into polymer networks themselves is limited by the statistical and poorly defined nature of network structures. As a result, it is challenging, if not currently impossible, to extrapolate from the molecular behavior of components to the full range of performance and properties of the entire polymer network. Polymer networks therefore present an unrealized, important, and interdisciplinary opportunity to exert molecular-level, chemical control on material macroscopic properties. A barrier to sophisticated molecular approaches to polymer networks is that the techniques for characterizing the molecular structure of networks are often unfamiliar to many scientists. Here, we present a critical overview of the current characterization techniques available to understand the relation between the molecular properties and the resulting performance and behavior of polymer networks, in the absence of added fillers. We highlight the methods available to characterize the chemistry and molecular-level properties of individual polymer strands and junctions, the gelation process by which strands form networks, the structure of the resulting network, and the dynamics and mechanics of the final material. The purpose is not to serve as a detailed manual for conducting these measurements but rather to unify the underlying principles, point out remaining challenges, and provide a concise overview by which chemists can plan characterization strategies that suit their research objectives. Because polymer networks cannot often be sufficiently characterized with a single method, strategic combinations of multiple techniques are typically required for their molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P O Danielsen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Haley K Beech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Bassil M El-Zaatari
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Patricia N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Georgi Stoychev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,World Primer Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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11
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Matrix-Assisted DOSY for Analysis of Indole Alkaloid Mixtures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061751. [PMID: 33804799 PMCID: PMC8003906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is a powerful tool for investigating mixtures and identifying peaks of chemical components. However, similar diffusion coefficients of the components, particularly for complex mixtures that contain crowded resonances, limit resolution and restrict application of the DOSY technique. In this paper, matrix-assisted DOSY were used to explore whether the diffusion resolution of a complex model involving indole alkaloid mixtures can be realized. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of different factors on the separation effect. The results showed that the changes in diffusion coefficient differences were achieved more obviously when using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles as the matrix. In addition, we also found that increasing the concentration of SDS can improve the resolution of the DOSY spectrum. Finally, after investigating the influence factors and NMR conditions, we demonstrated the applications of the SDS-assisted DOSY on analyzing the total alkaloid extract of Alstonia Mairei, and the virtual separation of mixtures was achieved.
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12
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Supramolecular Structuring of Hyaluronan-Lactose-Modified Chitosan Matrix: Towards High-Performance Biopolymers with Excellent Biodegradation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030389. [PMID: 33808040 PMCID: PMC8000860 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions in supramolecular chemistry provide useful systems to understand biological processes, and self-assembly systems are suitable assets to build-up innovative products for biomedical applications. In this field, polyelectrolyte complexes are interesting, especially when polysaccharides are involved, due to their non-toxicity and bio-absorbability. In this work, we investigated a polyelectrolyte formed by hyaluronic acid (HA), a negatively charged linear polysaccharide, with Chitlac (Ch), a positively charged lactose-modified chitosan. The aim of the study was the investigation of a novel Ch–HA polyelectrolyte complex, to understand the interaction between the two polysaccharides and the stability towards enzymatic activity. By means of gel permeation chromatography–triple detector array (GPC–TDA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic viscosity, Zeta Potential and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the polyelectrolyte complex properties were identified and compared to individual polysaccharides. The complex showed monodisperse molecular weight distribution, high viscosity, negative charge, and could be degraded by specific enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and lysozyme. The results suggest a close interaction between the two polysaccharides in the complex, which could be considered a self-assembly system.
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13
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Lucas A, Tauleigne A, Da Cruz-Boisson F, Crépet A, Bergeron-Vanhille A, Martin G, Garois N, Cassagnau P, Bounor-Legaré V. Mechanical Properties Enhancement while Decreasing the Viscosity of Copolyether–Ester from In Situ Formation of Star-Based Structures by Reactive Extrusion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lucas
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
| | - Adrien Tauleigne
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
| | - Fernande Da Cruz-Boisson
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
| | - Agnès Crépet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
| | | | - Grégory Martin
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry B.P. 31, Chalette-sur-Loing 45120, France
| | - Nicolas Garois
- Hutchinson, Centre de Recherche, Rue Gustave Nourry B.P. 31, Chalette-sur-Loing 45120, France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
| | - Véronique Bounor-Legaré
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Lyon F-69621, France
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14
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Cong S, Creamer A, Fei Z, Hillman SAJ, Rapley C, Nelson J, Heeney M. Tunable Control of the Hydrophilicity and Wettability of Conjugated Polymers by a Postpolymerization Modification Approach. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000087. [PMID: 32537851 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to prepare hydrophilic polymers by a postpolymerization nucleophillic aromatic substitution reaction of fluoride on an emissive conjugated polymer (CP) backbone is reported. Quantitative functionalization by a series of monofunctionalized ethylene glycol oligomers, from dimer to hexamer, as well as with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated. The length of the ethylene glycol sidechains is shown to have a direct impact on the surface wettability of the polymer, as well as its solubility in polar solvents. However, the energetics and band gap of the CPs remain essentially constant. This method therefore allows an easy way to modulate the wettability and solubility of CP materials for a diverse series of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Sam A J Hillman
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Rapley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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15
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Evans R. The interpretation of small molecule diffusion coefficients: Quantitative use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 117:33-69. [PMID: 32471534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate molecular self-diffusion coefficients, D, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has become routine as hardware, software and experimental methodologies have all improved. However, the quantitative interpretation of such data remains difficult, particularly for small molecules. This review article first provides a description of, and explanation for, the failure of the Stokes-Einstein equation to accurately predict small molecule diffusion coefficients, before moving on to three broadly complementary methods for their quantitative interpretation. Two are based on power laws, but differ in the nature of the reference molecules used. The third addresses the uncertainties in the Stokes-Einstein equation directly. For all three methods, a wide range of examples are used to show the range of chemistry to which diffusion NMR can be applied, and how best to implement the different methods to obtain quantitative information from the chemical systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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16
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Hiller W. Quantitative Studies of Block Copolymers and Their Containing Homopolymer Components by Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Hiller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 4a D‐44227 Dortmund Germany
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17
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Antalek B, Slater L, Bennett G. Comprehensive Structural Assessment of Linear Block Polymers by NMR and SEC. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Antalek
- Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Lisa Slater
- Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
| | - Grace Bennett
- Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650, United States
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18
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Berens S, Chmelik C, Hillman F, Kärger J, Jeong HK, Vasenkov S. Ethane diffusion in mixed linker zeolitic imidazolate framework-7-8 by pulsed field gradient NMR in combination with single crystal IR microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23967-23975. [PMID: 30211405 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR was used in combination with single crystal IR microscopy (IRM) to study diffusion of ethane inside crystals of a mixed linker zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) of the type ZIF-7-8 under comparable experimental conditions. These crystals contain 2-methylimidazolate (ZIF-8 linker) and benzimidazolate (ZIF-7 linker). It was observed that the PFG NMR attenuation curves measured for ethane in ZIF-7-8 exhibit deviations from the monoexponential behaviour, thereby indicating that the ethane self-diffusivity in different crystals of a crystal bed can be different. Measurements of the ethane uptake curves performed by IRM under the same conditions in different ZIF-7-8 crystals of the bed yield different transport diffusivities thus confirming that the rate of ethane diffusion is different in different ZIF-7-8 crystals. The IRM observation that the fractions of ZIF-8 and ZIF-7 linkers are different in different ZIF-7-8 crystals allowed attributing the observed heterogeneity in diffusivities to the heterogeneity in the linker fraction. The quantitative comparison of the average ethane self-diffusivities measured by PFG NMR in ZIF-7-8 with the corresponding data on corrected diffusivities from IRM measurements revealed a good agreement between the results obtained by the two techniques. In agreement with the expectation of smaller aperture sizes in ZIF-7-8 than in ZIF-8, the average ethane self-diffusivities in ZIF-7-8 were found to be significantly lower than the corresponding self-diffusivities in ZIF-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Berens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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19
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Uyama M, Araki H, Fukuhara T, Watanabe K. Physicochemical Properties of α-Form Hydrated Crystalline Phase of 3-(10-Carboxydecyl)-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyl Trisiloxane/Higher alcohol/Polyoxyethylene (5 mol) Glyceryl monostearate/Water System. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:839-849. [PMID: 29877223 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-form hydrated crystalline phase (often called as an α-gel) is one of the hydrated crystalline phases which can be exhibited by surfactants and lipids. In this study, a novel system of an α-form hydrated crystal was developed, composed of 3-(10-carboxydecyl)-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyl trisiloxane (CDTS), polyoxyethylene (5 mol) glyceryl monostearate (GMS-5), higher alcohol. This is the first report to indicate that a silicone surfactant can form an α-form hydrated crystal. The physicochemical properties of this system were characterized by small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments. SWAXS and DSC measurements revealed that a plurality of crystalline phases coexist in the CDTS/higher alcohol/water ternary system. By adding GMS-5 to the ternary system, however, a wide region of a single α-form hydrated crystalline phase was obtained. The self-diffusion coefficients (Dsel) from the NMR measurements suggested that all of the CDTS, GMS-5, and higher alcohol molecules were incorporated into the same α-form hydrated crystals.
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20
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Yu Q, Pichugin D, Cruz M, Guerin G, Manners I, Winnik MA. NMR Study of the Dissolution of Core-Crystalline Micelles. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Dmitry Pichugin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Menandro Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Gerald Guerin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K. BS8 1TS
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
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21
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Rahkila J, Ekholm FS, Leino R. CuI
-Mediated Degradation of Polysaccharides Leads to Fragments with Narrow Polydispersities. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jani Rahkila
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Åbo Finland
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22
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Koyama Y, Ihsan AB, Taira T, Imura T. Fluorinated polymer surfactants bearing an alternating peptide skeleton prepared by three-component polycondensation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7509-7513. [PMID: 35539137 PMCID: PMC9078376 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of fluorinated polymer surfactant was developed by three component polycondensation analogous to Ugi four-component condensation. The surfactant exhibited unique surface properties, which made cellulose-based materials hydrophobic and decreased the surface tension of CHCl3. It turned out that the polymer forms micelles in CHCl3. A new species of fluorinated polymer surfactant was developed by three component polycondensation analogous to Ugi four-component condensation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Koyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Toyama Prefectural University
- Imizu
- Japan
| | - A. B. Ihsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Toyama Prefectural University
- Imizu
- Japan
| | - T. Taira
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - T. Imura
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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23
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Koyama Y, Gudeangadi PG. One-pot synthesis of alternating peptides exploiting a new polymerization technique based on Ugi's 4CC reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3846-3849. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free, one-pot synthetic technique for alternating peptides was developed on the basis of Ugi's 4 component condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Koyama
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Toyama Prefectural University
- Imizu
- Japan
| | - Prashant G. Gudeangadi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Toyama Prefectural University
- Imizu
- Japan
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25
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Chamignon C, Duret D, Charreyre MT, Favier A. 1H DOSY NMR Determination of the Molecular Weight and the Solution Properties of Poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) in Various Solvents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Chamignon
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS; Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; UMR5223; F-69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Damien Duret
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS; Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; UMR5223; F-69621 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie; USR3010; F-69364 Lyon France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Charreyre
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS; Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; UMR5223; F-69621 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie; USR3010; F-69364 Lyon France
| | - Arnaud Favier
- Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS; Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères; UMR5223; F-69621 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie; USR3010; F-69364 Lyon France
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26
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Vora A, Wojtecki RJ, Schmidt K, Chunder A, Cheng JY, Nelson A, Sanders DP. Development of polycarbonate-containing block copolymers for thin film self-assembly applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High quality block copolymers are needed for thin film self-assembly and directed self-assembly applications.
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27
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Montarnal D, Delbosc N, Chamignon C, Virolleaud MA, Luo Y, Hawker CJ, Drockenmuller E, Bernard J. Highly Ordered Nanoporous Films from Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers with Hydrogen-Bonding Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Montarnal D, Delbosc N, Chamignon C, Virolleaud MA, Luo Y, Hawker CJ, Drockenmuller E, Bernard J. Highly Ordered Nanoporous Films from Supramolecular Diblock Copolymers with Hydrogen-Bonding Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11117-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Hologne M, Gaubert A, Sanglar C, Bordes C, Casabianca H. New validation of molecular mass measurements by means of 2D DOSY 1H NMR experiments: Application to surfactants. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Lewinski P, Sosnowski S, Kazmierski S, Penczek S. l-Lactide polymerization studied by 1H NMR with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY): a “One NMR Tube Experiment” providing data on monomer conversion, polymer structure, Mn and Mw. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard NMR and DOSY techniques allowed for the first time the on-line study of the polymerization kinetics together with the determination of number average molar mass Mn and mass average molar mass Mw.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lewinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - S. Sosnowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - S. Kazmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - S. Penczek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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31
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Deshmukh M, Singh S, Geyer A. Synthetic adhesive oligopeptides with rigid polyhydroxylated amino acids. Biopolymers 2013; 99:273-81. [PMID: 23426571 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligopeptides containing polyhydroxylated bicyclic dipeptide (Glc=Tap) are investigated for their adhesion properties. The non-natural amino acid building block composed of Glc=Tap is derived from glucuronic acid and mimics the hydroxyl-amino acids of the natural proteins. Peptide oligomers of Glc=Tap flanked by the amino acids Tyr and Lys were synthesized and characterized. Solution structural studies performed by circular dichromism spectroscopy suggests that poly(Lys-Glc=Tap-Tyr) and poly(Glc=Tap-Tyr) adopts extended helical structures. Adhesion of these oligomers to the mica surface is shown by atomic force microscopy spectroscopy. Studies indicate that extended polyproline II polyhydroxylated peptide chains, which bear additional phenolic as well as cationic side chains, can mimic some of the adhesion properties of the natural protein models. Furthermore, obtained data suggest that poly(Glc=Tap-Tyr) and poly(Lys-Glc=Tap-Tyr) as outstanding adhesive compounds, which combine efficient synthetic accessibility with promising adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Deshmukh
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans Meerwein Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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32
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Dash R, Ragauskas AJ. Synthesis of a novel cellulose nanowhisker-based drug delivery system. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Bakkour Y, Darcos V, Li S, Coudane J. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) as a powerful tool for amphiphilic block copolymer characterization and for critical micelle concentration (CMC) determination. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Zietkowski D, Payne GS, Nagy E, Mobberley MA, Ryder TA, deSouza NM. Comparison of NMR lipid profiles in mitotic arrest and apoptosis as indicators of paclitaxel resistance in cervical cell lines. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:369-77. [PMID: 22161549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize changes in lipid saturation using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of sensitive (HeLa) and resistant (C33A; Me180) cervical cancer cell lines following exposure to paclitaxel to explore lipid profiles as biomarkers of drug resistance. Spectra were acquired at 11.74 T. Flow cytometry, electron, and confocal microscopy assessed cellular morphology. Western blots assessed cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) , fatty acid synthase, and acyl-CoA synthetase1 expression. After 24 h of paclitaxel exposure, >60% of cells showed mitotic arrest. At 48 h, HeLa cells showed apoptosis while C33A/Me180 cells showed normal morphology indicating resistance. MR-visible lipids increased significantly in all lines at 24 h with further increases at 48 h; resistant lines showed smaller increases than HeLa. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2) and fatty acid synthase levels were unchanged at 24 h and dropped at 48 h in HeLa; acyl-CoA synthetase1 was higher in Me180/C33A than in HeLa controls but did not increase significantly. The percentage of cells displaying lipid droplets increased significantly at 24 and 48 h in all lines; droplet size increased only in HeLa cells. Droplet number was >3-4× greater in apoptotic compared with mitotic-arrested cells. Apoptotic cells accumulate unsaturated fatty acids in large (relative to control) droplets; resistant lines accumulated smaller droplets with less triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zietkowski
- CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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35
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Momčilović N, Clark PG, Boydston AJ, Grubbs RH. One-pot synthesis of polyrotaxanes via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of supramolecular monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19087-9. [PMID: 22023086 DOI: 10.1021/ja208515r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of polyrotaxanes has been developed. The method employs a supramolecular monomer comprising a polymerizable ammonium salt and crown ether, in combination with dynamic ADMet polymerization. Ultimately, highly efficient complexation, polymerization, and end-capping were accomplished in a single operation to yield polyrotaxanes with M(w) up to 19.3 kDa and >80% of the repeat units being complexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Momčilović
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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36
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Augustyniak R, Ferrage F, Paquin R, Lequin O, Bodenhausen G. Methods to determine slow diffusion coefficients of biomolecules: applications to Engrailed 2, a partially disordered protein. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2011; 50:209-218. [PMID: 21603954 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-011-9510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present new NMR methods to measure slow translational diffusion coefficients of biomolecules. Like the heteronuclear stimulated echo experiment (XSTE), these new methods rely on the storage of information about spatial localization during the diffusion delay as longitudinal polarization of nuclei with long T(1) such as nitrogen-15. The new BEST-XSTE sequence combines features of Band-selective Excitation Short-Transient (BEST) and XSTE methods. By avoiding the saturation of all protons except those of amide groups, one can increase the sensitivity by 45% in small proteins. The new experiment which combines band-Selective Optimized Flip-Angle Short-Transient with XSTE (SOFAST-XSTE) offers an alternative when very short recovery delays are desired. A modification of the HSQC-edited version of the XSTE experiment offers enhanced sensitivity and access to higher resolution in the indirect dimension. These new methods have been applied to detect changes in diffusion coefficients due to dimerization or proteolysis of Engrailed 2, a partially disordered protein.
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37
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Lefay C, Glé D, Rollet M, Mazzolini J, Bertin D, Viel S, Schmid C, Boisson C, D'Agosto F, Gigmes D, Barner-Kowollik C. Block copolymers via macromercaptan initiated ring opening polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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39
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Willis SA, Dennis GR, Zheng G, Price WS. Averaging Effects in PGSE NMR Attenuations Observed in Bimodal Molecular Weight PMMA Solutions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1017007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Willis
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - Gary R. Dennis
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - William S. Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
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40
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Zietkowski D, Davidson RL, Eykyn TR, De Silva SS, Desouza NM, Payne GS. Detection of cancer in cervical tissue biopsies using mobile lipid resonances measured with diffusion-weighted (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:382-390. [PMID: 20014336 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to implement a diffusion-weighted sequence for visualisation of mobile lipid resonances (MLR) using high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) (1)H MRS and to evaluate its use in establishing differences between tissues from patients with cervical carcinoma that contain cancer from those that do not. A stimulated echo sequence with bipolar gradients was modified to allow T(1) and T(2) measurements and optimised by recording signal loss in HR-MAS spectra as a function of gradient strength in model lipids and tissues. Diffusion coefficients, T(1) and apparent T(2) relaxation times were measured in model lipid systems. MLR profiles were characterised in relation to T(1) and apparent T(2) relaxation in human cervical cancer tissue samples. Diffusion-weighted (DW) spectra of cervical biopsies were quantified and peak areas analysed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The optimised sequence reduced spectral overlap by suppressing signals originating from low molecular weight metabolites and non-lipid contributions. Significantly improved MLR visualisation allowed visualisation of peaks at 0.9, 1.3, 1.6, 2.0, 2.3, 2.8, 4.3 and 5.3 ppm. MLR analysis of DW spectra showed at least six peaks arising from saturated and unsaturated lipids and those arising from triglycerides. Significant differences in samples containing histologically confirmed cancer were seen for peaks at 0.9 (p < 0.006), 1.3 (p < 0.04), 2.0 (p < 0.03), 2.8 (p < 0.003) and 4.3 ppm (p < 0.0002). LDA analysis of MLR peaks from DW spectra almost completely separated two clusters of cervical biopsies (cancer, 'no-cancer'), reflecting underlying differences in MLR composition. Generated Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated area under the curve (0.962) validated high sensitivity and specificity of the technique. Diffusion-weighting of HR-MAS spectroscopic sequences is a useful method for characterising MLR in cancer tissues and displays an accumulation of lipids arising during tumourigenesis and an increase in the unsaturated lipid and triglyceride peaks with respect to saturated MLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zietkowski
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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41
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Bertin D, Leblanc M, Marque SR, Siri D. Polypropylene degradation: Theoretical and experimental investigations. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Improved compositional analysis of block copolymers using Diffusion Ordered NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 654:45-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Barrère C, Mazarin M, Giordanengo R, Phan TNT, Thévand A, Viel S, Charles L. Molecular Weight Determination of Block Copolymers by Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8054-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9018654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barrère
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Michaël Mazarin
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Giordanengo
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Trang N. T. Phan
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - André Thévand
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, and Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II & III - CNRS, UMR 6264, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Chimiométrie et Spectrométries, Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, UMR 6263, F-13397 Marseille, France
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44
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Zielinski ME, Morris KF. Using perdeuterated surfactant micelles to resolve mixture components in diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:53-56. [PMID: 19006104 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy resolves mixture components on the basis of differences in their respective diffusion coefficients or molecular sizes. However, when components have near-identical diffusion coefficients, they are not resolved in the diffusion dimension of a diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) spectrum. Adding surfactant micelles to these mixtures has been shown to enhance resolution when the component molecules interact differentially with the micelles. This approach is similar to that used in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) where modifiers like micelles or polymers are used to enhance the separation of mixture components. In this study, perdeuterated surfactants are added to analyte mixtures studied with the DOSY technique. Since no micelle resonances appear in the mixture spectra, the difficulty associated with performing biexponential analyses in spectral regions where analyte and surfactant resonances overlap is avoided. The approach is demonstrated using mixtures of peptides with near-identical diffusion coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry, Carthage College, 2001 Alford Park Drive, Kenosha, WI 53140, USA
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45
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Teshigawara T, Miyahara R, Fukuhara T, Oka T. Development of Novel Cosmetic Base Using Sterol Surfactant. II. Solubilizing of Sparingly Soluble Ultraviolet Ray Absorbers †. J Oleo Sci 2009; 58:27-36. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.58.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Ma JH, Guo C, Tang YL, Zhang H, Liu HZ. Probing Paeonol−Pluronic Polymer Interactions by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:13371-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075853t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-he Ma
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Guo
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-lin Tang
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-zhou Liu
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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47
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Ambrus A, Yang D. Diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of DNA secondary structural elements. Anal Biochem 2007; 367:56-67. [PMID: 17570331 PMCID: PMC1993845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure determination of secondary DNA structural elements, such as G-quadruplexes, gains an increasing importance as fundamental physiological roles are being associated with the formation of such structures in vivo. A truncated native DNA sequence generally requires further optimization to obtain a candidate with desired nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties for structural analysis in solution. The optimum sequence is expected to form one dominant, stable molecular entity in solution with well-resolved NMR peaks. However, DNA sequences are prone to form structures composed of one, two, three, or four strands depending on sequence and solution conditions. The thorough characterization of the molecularity (stoichiometry and molecular weight) and appropriate solution conditions for sequences with different modifications traditionally applies analytical techniques that generally do not represent the solution conditions for NMR structure determination. Here we present the application of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy as a useful analytical tool for the optimization and analysis of DNA secondary structural elements, specifically, the DNA G-quadruplex structures, including those formed in the human telomeric sequence and in the promoter regions of bcl-2 and c-myc genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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48
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Koskela H, Heikkinen O, Kilpeläinen I, Heikkinen S. Rapid and accurate processing method for amide proton exchange rate measurement in proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2007; 37:313-20. [PMID: 17340206 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-007-9145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exchange between protein backbone amide hydrogen and water gives relevant information about solvent accessibility and protein secondary structure stability. NMR spectroscopy provides a convenient tool to study these dynamic processes with saturation transfer experiments. Processing of this type of NMR spectra has traditionally required peak integration followed by exponential fitting, which can be tedious with large data sets. We propose here a computer-aided method that applies inverse Laplace transform in the exchange rate measurement. With this approach, the determination of exchange rates can be automated, and reliable results can be acquired rapidly without a need for manual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Koskela
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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49
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Heston AJ, Banerjee D, Rinaldi PL, Tessier CA. NMR Characterization of the Higher Molecular Weight Byproducts Formed During the Synthesis of [PCl2N]3. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Thurecht KJ, Howdle SM, Davis AL, Hyde JR. GECO-DOSY Post-Processing Analysis of Polymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061345q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adrienne L. Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jason R. Hyde
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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