1
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He M, Li R, Cheng C, Liu C, Zhang B. Microenvironment regulation breaks the Faradaic efficiency-current density trade-off for electrocatalytic deuteration using D 2O. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5231. [PMID: 38898044 PMCID: PMC11187139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the electrocatalytic deuteration of organics with D2O at a large current density is significant for deuterated electrosynthesis. However, the FE and current density are the two ends of a seesaw because of the severe D2 evolution side reaction at nearly industrial current densities. Herein, we report a combined scenario of a nanotip-enhanced electric field and surfactant-modified interface microenvironment to enable the electrocatalytic deuteration of arylacetonitrile in D2O with an 80% FE at -100 mA cm-2. The increased concentration with low activation energy of arylacetonitrile due to the large electric field along the tips and the accelerated arylacetonitrile transfer and suppressed D2 evolution by the surfactant-created deuterophobic microenvironment contribute to breaking the trade-off between a high FE and large current density. Furthermore, the application of our strategy in other deuteration reactions with improved Faradaic efficiencies at -100 mA cm-2 rationalizes the design concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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2
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Kukor AJ, Depner N, Cai I, Tucker JL, Culhane JC, Hein JE. Enantioselective synthesis of (−)-tetrabenazine via continuous crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10765-10772. [PMID: 36320713 PMCID: PMC9491067 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-well continuous CIDT approach with inline racemization of the solution phase is presented. Using two in-house built PATs and a flow reactor, we were able to successfully crystallize an enantiopure salt of TBZ, the active metabolite of the tardive dyskinesia drug valbenazine. Despite discovering an undesired racemic solid phase, inline racemization combined with careful control of crystallization conditions allowed for multigram quantities of enantiopure material to be harvested using our setup. Critically, this control was made possible by the use of PATs to observe and quantify the composition of both the solid and solution phases. A novel enantioselective route to tetrabenazine has been developed using continuous CIDT in a multiwell crystallization/racemization device outfitted with real-time HPLC to visualize and control the dynamic process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kukor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Noah Depner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - John L. Tucker
- Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, California, 92130, USA
| | | | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Sato Y, Liu J, Kukor AJ, Culhane JC, Tucker JL, Kucera DJ, Cochran BM, Hein JE. Real-Time Monitoring of Solid-Liquid Slurries: Optimized Synthesis of Tetrabenazine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14069-14078. [PMID: 34213349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-liquid slurries are vital and increasingly prevalent in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Despite the importance of these heterogeneous systems, process control and optimization are fundamentally hindered by a lack of compatible real-time analytical techniques. We present herein an online HPLC monitoring platform enabling access to real-time compositional information on slurries. We demonstrate the system by investigating the heterogeneous synthesis reaction of tetrabenazine. Furthermore, we integrated our online HPLC platform with the orthogonal monitoring techniques of a pH probe and a microscopic imaging probe to provide additional mechanistic insight. These combined insights enable the optimization of tetrabenazine synthesis in terms of reaction time, byproduct formation, and diastereomeric purity of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrew J Kukor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Culhane
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12780 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - John L Tucker
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12780 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - David J Kucera
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12780 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Brian M Cochran
- Neurocrine Biosciences, 12780 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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4
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Sun S, Wesolowski SS. Biologically active metabolites in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128255. [PMID: 34245850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active metabolites are a valuable resource for development of drug candidates and lead structures for drug design. This digest highlights a selection of biologically active metabolites that have been used as new chemical entities for development or as lead structures for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc, 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada.
| | - Steven S Wesolowski
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc, 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, BC V5G 4W8, Canada
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5
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Xu Y, Tang J, Liu C, Zhao C, Cao S, Yu H, Chen Z, Xie M. MicroPET imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 revealed the potentiation of (+)-dihydrotetrabenazine on MPTP-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:9-18. [PMID: 33647803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) has been associated with the risk of PD. Genetic reduction of VMAT2 level is reported to increase the vulnerability for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In this study, by using in vivo microPET imaging with a VMAT2 radioligand [18F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ), we investigated the enhanced role of inhibiting VMAT2 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. METHODS The (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-DTBZ, an inhibitor of VMAT2, 5 mg/kg), or MPTP (low dose (ld): 10 mg/kg, high dose (hd): 30 mg/kg) or both of them were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 mice for 5 or 10 consecutive days. MicroPET imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ was performed to test the dopaminergic neuronal integrity. [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ uptake in striatum was quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV). The pathological changes in the striata and substantia nigra were confirmed by measuring the DA contents and immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). RESULTS In vivo imaging results showed that the striatal SUVs of both DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were substantially declined compared to the baseline. Moreover, the striatal uptakes of [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in DTBZ&MPTPld and MPTPhd groups were obviously lower than the control, DTBZ group and MPTPld group. Notably, the decrease of the striatal uptake in the DTBZ&MPTPld/10d group was more serious than the DTBZ&MPTPld/5d group and comparable to the MPTPhd group. Consistently, the ratios of DA metabolites to DA in DTBZ&MPTPld/10d and MPTPhd mice were significantly increased. The correlation analysis showed that SUVs were highly correlated to the striatal dopaminergic fiber density and TH-positive dopaminergic neuron number in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS MicroPET brain imaging with [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ noninvasively revealed that (+)-DTBZ co-administration significantly aggravated the neurotoxicity of MPTP to dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that inhibition of VMAT2 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD and tracing VMAT2 activity with PET imaging is of potential value in monitoring PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China.
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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6
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Paek SM. Synthesis of Tetrabenazine and Its Derivatives, Pursuing Efficiency and Selectivity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051175. [PMID: 32151010 PMCID: PMC7179236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabenazine is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that exhibits a dopamine depleting effect and is used for the treatment of chorea in Huntington’s disease. Mechanistically, tetrabenazine binds and inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, which is responsible for importing neurotransmitters from the cytosol to the vesicles in neuronal cells. This transportation contributes to the release of neurotransmitters inside the cell to the synaptic cleft, resulting in dopaminergic signal transmission. The highly potent inhibitory activity of tetrabenazine has led to its advanced applications and in-depth investigation of prodrug design and metabolite drug discovery. In addition, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure tetrabenazine has been pursued. After a series of research studies, tetrabenazine derivatives such as valbenazine and deutetrabenazine have been approved by the US FDA. In addition, radioisotopically labeled tetrabenazine permits the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, which is difficult to treat during the later stages of this disease. These applications were made possible by the synthetic efforts aimed toward the efficient and asymmetric synthesis of tetrabenazine. In this review, various syntheses of tetrabenazine and its derivatives have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mann Paek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju Daero 501, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea
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7
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Structural requirement of C11b chirality of tetrabenazine analogs as VMAT2 imaging ligands: synthesis and in vivo evaluation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Ehrenworth AM, Peralta-Yahya P. Accelerating the semisynthesis of alkaloid-based drugs through metabolic engineering. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:249-258. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Riesco-Domínguez A, van der Zwaluw N, Blanco-Ania D, Rutjes FPJT. An Enantio- and Diastereoselective Mannich/Pictet-Spengler Sequence To Form Spiro[piperidine-pyridoindoles] and Application to Library Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Riesco-Domínguez
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nick van der Zwaluw
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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10
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Liu JF, Harbeson SL, Brummel CL, Tung R, Silverman R, Doller D. A Decade of Deuteration in Medicinal Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Szcześniak P, Ulikowski A, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Lipner G, Furman B. Stereoselective synthesis of benzoquinolizidines and related homologues via intramolecular addition to dihydropyridones. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Orgren LR, Maverick EE, Marvin CC. Synthesis of (±)-Tetrabenazine by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12635-40. [PMID: 26544155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Tetrabenazine was synthesized in six steps from commercially available compounds. The key cyclization substrate was assembled rapidly via Baylis-Hillman and aza-Michael reactions. Annulation of the final ring was achieved through visible light photocatalysis, wherein carbon-carbon bond formation was driven by the oxidation of a tertiary amine. Solvent played a critical role in the photoredox cyclization outcome, whereas methanol led to a mixed ketal, acetonitrile/water (10:1) gave direct cyclization to (±)-tetrabenazine and occurred more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Orgren
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
| | - Emily E Maverick
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
| | - Christopher C Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
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13
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Derivatization of (±) dihydrotetrabenazine for copper-64 labeling towards long-lived radiotracers for PET imaging of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5663-5665. [PMID: 25467156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) derivatized from (+) Tetrabenazine (TBZ) has been used for imaging the expression of VMAT2 when labeled with (11)C (t1/2=20.3 min) or (18)F (t1/2=110 min) in neurodegenerative diseases or pancreatic beta-cell. Because (11)C or (18)F radiolabels are only available in the proximity of a biomedical cyclotron facility, here we report our work of derivatizing (+) and (-) DTBZ using a (64)Cu-specific bifunctional chelator scaffold ((64)Cu: t1/2=12.7 h) for the preparation of long-lived VMAT2 targeted radiotracers, (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-(+)-DTBZ and (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-(-)-DTBZ. The specific VMAT2 binding affinity of (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-(+)-DTBZ measured using rat brain homogenate or porcine islets was not compromised by our chemical modifications while that of its (-) counterpart remained low as in (11)C or (18)F labeled (±) DTBZ.
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14
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Kilbourn MR. PET radioligands for the vesicular transporters for monoamines and acetylcholine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:167-71. [PMID: 24285322 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vesicular transporters for the monoamine and acetylcholine have been successfully targeted for the development of radioligands for human brain imaging. The vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 ligands are based on the structure of tetrabenazine, a known clinically used drug. In contrast, the radioligands for vesicular acetylcholine transporter are based on vesamicol, a toxic xenobiotic. The similarities and differences in the development of these two classes of radioligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kilbourn
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Guo J, Sun X, Yu S. Diastereoselective synthesis of epoxide-fused benzoquinolizidine derivatives using intramolecular domino aza-Michael addition/Darzens reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:265-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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16
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liu C, Chen Z, Li X, Tang J, Qin X. (+)-9-Benzyloxy-α-Dihydrotetrabenazine as an Important Intermediate for the VMAT2 Imaging Agents: Absolute Configuration and Chiral Recognition. Chirality 2013; 25:215-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi liu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi; Jiangsu; China; 214063
| | - Zhengping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi; Jiangsu; China; 214063
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi; Jiangsu; China; 214063
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi; Jiangsu; China; 214063
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine; Wuxi; Jiangsu; China; 214063
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17
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Johannes M, Altmann KH. A ring-closing metathesis-based approach to the synthesis of (+)-tetrabenazine. Org Lett 2012; 14:3752-5. [PMID: 22742980 DOI: 10.1021/ol301612q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular stereoselective synthesis of the vesicular monoamine transport inhibitors (+)-tetrabenazine ((+)-1) and (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine ((+)-2) has been developed. The approach is based on amine 4 and acid 5 as the key building blocks, which were elaborated into macrolactam 3 by amide coupling and a subsequent highly E-selective RCM reaction. Macrolactam 3 could be converted into tetrabenazine in three known steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Johannes
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich , HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Lee KM, Kim JC, Kang P, Lee WK, Eum H, Ha HJ. Chiral aziridine-2-carboxylates: versatile precursors for functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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19
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Son YW, Kwon TH, Lee JK, Pae AN, Lee JY, Cho YS, Min SJ. A Concise Synthesis of Tetrabenazine: An Intramolecular Aza-Prins-Type Cyclization via Oxidative C–H Activation. Org Lett 2011; 13:6500-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202792q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Son
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea, Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Yao Z, Wei X, Wu X, Katz JL, Kopajtic T, Greig NH, Sun H. Preparation and evaluation of tetrabenazine enantiomers and all eight stereoisomers of dihydrotetrabenazine as VMAT2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1841-8. [PMID: 21396745 PMCID: PMC6191844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabenazine (TBZ) ((±)-1) and dihydrotetrabenazines (DHTBZ) are potent inhibitors of VMAT2. Herein, a practical chemical resolution of (±)-1 and stereoselective synthesis of all eight DHTBZ stereoisomers are described. The result of VMAT2 binding assay revealed that (+)-1 (Ki=4.47 nM) was 8000-fold more potent than (-)-1 (Ki=36,400 nM). Among all eight DHTBZ stereoisomers, (2R,3R,11bR)-DHTBZ ((+)-2: Ki=3.96 nM) showed the greatest affinity for VMAT2. The (3R,11bR)-configuration appeared to play a key role for VMAT2 binding. In summary, (+)-1, (+)-2, and their derivatives warrant further studies in order to develop more potent and safer drugs for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease and other hyperkinetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyu Yao
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xueying Wei
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jonathan L. Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Theresa Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zheng P, Lieberman BP, Choi SR, Plöessl K, Kung HF. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-alkyl-dihydrotetrabenazine derivatives as vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3435-8. [PMID: 21531556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the search of new probes for in vivo brain imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2), we have developed an efficient synthesis of a novel series of 3-alkyl-dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) derivatives. The affinity of VMAT2 was evaluated by an in vitro inhibitory binding assay using [(125)I]-iodovinyl-TBZ or [(18)F](+)-FP-DTBZ as radioligands in rat striatal tissue homogenates. New DTBZ derivatives exhibited moderate to good binding affinity to VMAT2. Among these new ligands, compound 4b showed the best affinity for VMAT2 (K(i)=5.98 nM) and may be a useful lead compound for future structure-activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinguan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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