1
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Li H, Cheng J. 2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) as a privileged scaffold for central nervous system drug design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 101:129654. [PMID: 38360418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is an effective way to accelerate the drug discovery process, especially at the hit/lead optimization stage. 2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) is a less commonly used chemical scaffold in medicinal chemistry, but many PCPMA-containing compounds exert therapeutic effects for various diseases, in particular central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, and Parkinson's disease. The backbone of the PCPMA scaffold enables a unique structure of an amino group linked to a benzene ring through an alkyl linker, making it a useful template for the design of bioactive compounds especially for CNS drug targets including aminergic GPCRs and transporters. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry studies of PCPMA-containing drugs and drug-like molecules, their mechanisms of action, and biological activities. We conclude that PCPMA is a unique and useful privileged scaffold for CNS drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Li
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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2
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Singh K, Sona C, Ojha V, Singh M, Mishra A, Kumar A, Siddiqi MI, Tripathi RP, Yadav PN. Identification of dual role of piperazine-linked phenyl cyclopropyl methanone as positive allosteric modulator of 5-HT 2C and negative allosteric modulator of 5-HT 2B receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:499-516. [PMID: 30622024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of G-protein-coupled receptors have lately gained significant traction in drug discovery. Recent studies have shown that allosteric modulation of serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C) as a viable strategy for the treatment of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Considering the critical role of 5-HT2C in the modulation of appetite, a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of 5-HT2C offers a new opportunity for anti-obesity therapeutic development. In this study, phenyl cyclopropyl-linked N-heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated at 5-HT2C for agonist and PAM activity. Our study shows that imidazole linked phenyl cyclopropyl methanones has PAM activity on both 5-HT2C and serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT2B). Interestingly, piperazine linked phenyl cyclopropyl methanones (58) was active as PAM of 5-HT2C (increased the Emax of 5-HT to 139%), and as negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of 5-HT2B (decreases EC50 of 5-HT 10 times without affecting Emax). Similar effect of compound 58 was observed with synthetic orthosteric agonist lorcaserin on 5-HT2B. Molecular docking study revealed that all active compounds were binding to the predicted allosteric site on 5-HT2C and shared a common interacting residues. Finally, compound 58 suppressed food intake in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats similar to lorcaserin after i.c.v. administration. Therefore, these results suggest that piperazine moiety is essential for dual activity (PAM & NAM) of compounds 58, and supports the hypothesis of 5-HT2C PAM for the treatment of obesity similar to the full agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Chandan Sona
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Vikash Ojha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ankita Mishra
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rama P Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebarely, New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road, Sarojani Nagar Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, 226002, UP, India.
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India.
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3
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Zhang G, Cheng J, McCorvy JD, Lorello PJ, Caldarone BJ, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Discovery of N-Substituted (2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines as Functionally Selective Serotonin 2C Receptor Agonists for Potential Use as Antipsychotic Medications. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6273-6288. [PMID: 28657744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted (2-phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines were designed and synthesized, with the aim of finding serotonin 2C (5-HT2C)-selective agonists with a preference for Gq signaling. A number of these compounds exhibit 5-HT2C selectivity with a preference for Gq-mediated signaling compared with β-arrestin recruitment. Furthermore, the N-methyl compound (+)-15a, which displayed an EC50 of 23 nM in the calcium flux assay while showing no β-arrestin recruitment activity, is the most functionally selective 5-HT2C agonist reported to date. The N-benzyl compound (+)-19, which showed an EC50 of 24 nM at the 5-HT2C receptor, is fully selective over the 5-HT2B receptor. In an amphetamine-induced hyperactivity model, compound (+)-19 showed significant antipsychotic-drug-like activity. These novel compounds shed light on the role of functional selectivity at the 5-HT2C receptor with respect to antipsychotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Zhang
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - John D McCorvy
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paul J Lorello
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology, and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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5
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Cheng J, McCorvy JD, Giguere PM, Zhu H, Kenakin T, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Design and Discovery of Functionally Selective Serotonin 2C (5-HT 2C) Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9866-9880. [PMID: 27726356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the structural similarity of our previous 5-HT2C agonists with the melatonin receptor agonist tasimelteon and the putative biological cross-talk between serotonergic and melatonergic systems, a series of new (2,3-dihydro)benzofuran-based compounds were designed and synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for their selectivity toward 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors in the calcium flux assay with the ultimate goal to generate selective 5-HT2C agonists. Selected compounds were studied for their functional selectivity by comparing their transduction efficiency at the G protein signaling pathway versus β-arrestin recruitment. The most functionally selective compound (+)-7e produced weak β-arrestin recruitment and also demonstrated less receptor desensitization compared to serotonin in both calcium flux and phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis assays. We report for the first time that selective 5-HT2C agonists possessing weak β-arrestin recruitment can produce distinct receptor desensitization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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6
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Dalwadi DA, Kim S, Amdani SM, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Schetz JA. Molecular mechanisms of serotonergic action of the HIV-1 antiretroviral efavirenz. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:10-24. [PMID: 27157251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efavirenz is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1, and the WHO guidelines list it as a component of the first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for treatment-naïve patients. Though the pharmacological basis is unclear, efavirenz is commonly associated with a risk for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) when taken at the prescribed dose. In many patients these NPAEs appear to subside after several weeks of treatment, though long-term studies show that in some patients the NPAEs persist. In a recent study focusing on the abuse potential of efavirenz, its receptor psychopharmacology was reported to include interactions with a number of established molecular targets for known drugs of abuse, and it displayed a prevailing behavioral profile in rodents resembling an LSD-like activity. In this report, we discovered interactions with additional serotonergic targets that may be associated with efavirenz-induced NPAEs. The most robust interactions were with 5-HT3A and 5-HT6 receptors, with more modest interactions noted for the 5-HT2B receptor and monoamine oxidase A. From a molecular mechanistic perspective, efavirenz acts as a 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonist of Gs-signaling, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonist of Gq-signaling, and a blocker of the 5-HT3A receptor currents. Efavirenz also completely or partially blocks agonist stimulation of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors, respectively. Schild analysis suggests that efavirenz competes for the same site on the 5-HT2A receptor as two known hallucinogenic partial agonists (±)-DOI and LSD. Prolonged exposure to efavirenz reduces 5-HT2A receptor density and responsiveness to 5-HT. Other ARVs such as zidovudine, nevirapine and emtricitabine did not share the same complex pharmacological profile as efavirenz, though some of them weakly interact with the 5-HT6 receptor or modestly block GABAA currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwanil A Dalwadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Shahnawaz M Amdani
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - John A Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States; Institute for Healthy Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States.
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7
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Cheng J, Giguere PM, Schmerberg CM, Pogorelov VM, Rodriguiz RM, Huang XP, Zhu H, McCorvy JD, Wetsel WC, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Further Advances in Optimizing (2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines as Novel Serotonin 2C Agonists: Effects on Hyperlocomotion, Prepulse Inhibition, and Cognition Models. J Med Chem 2016; 59:578-91. [PMID: 26704965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel compounds with two halogen substituents have been designed and synthesized to further optimize the 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine scaffold in the quest for drug-like 5-HT2C agonists. Compound (+)-22a was identified as a potent 5-HT2C receptor agonist, with good selectivity against the 5-HT2B and the 5-HT2A receptors. ADMET assays showed that compound (+)-22a possessed desirable properties in terms of its microsomal stability, and CYP and hERG inhibition, along with an excellent brain penetration profile. Evaluation of (+)-22a in animal models of schizophrenia-related behaviors revealed that it had a desirable activity profile, as it reduced d-amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion in the open field test, it restored d-amphetamine-disrupted prepulse inhibition, it induced cognitive improvements in the novel object recognition memory test in NR1-KD animals, and it produced very little catalepsy relative to haloperidol. These data support the further development of (+)-22a as a drug candidate for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Patrick M Giguere
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Claire M Schmerberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Vladimir M Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hu Zhu
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John D McCorvy
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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8
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Cheng J, Kozikowski AP. We Need 2C but Not 2B: Developing Serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of CNS Disorders. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1963-7. [PMID: 26507582 PMCID: PMC4832415 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin 2C (5-HT2C ) receptor has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as obesity, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. In this Viewpoint article, recent progress in developing selective 5-HT2C agonists for use in treating these disorders is summarized, including the work of our group. Challenges in this field and the possible future directions are described. Homology modeling as a method to predict the binding modes of 5-HT2C ligands to the receptor is also discussed. Compared to known ligands, the improved pharmacological profiles of the 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine-based 5-HT2C agonists make them preferred candidates for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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9
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Cheng J, Giguere PM, Lv W, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Design and Synthesis of (2-(5-Chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine as a Selective Serotonin 2C Agonist. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3420-3422. [PMID: 26120215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally restricted analog of a selective cyclopropane-bearing serotonin 2C agonist was designed and synthesized. A 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffold was investigated as a constrained variant of a biologically active isopropyl phenyl ether. Construction of the required dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran intermediate began using a procedure that relied on a microwave-assisted alkylation reaction. The synthesis of the designed compound as its HCl salt is reported in a total of 12 steps and 17% overall yield. Biological evaluation revealed the constrained analog to be a selective serotonin 2C agonist with modest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Patrick M Giguere
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Department of Pharmacology and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Alan P Kozikowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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10
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Cheng J, Giguère PM, Onajole OK, Lv W, Gaisin A, Gunosewoyo H, Schmerberg CM, Pogorelov VM, Rodriguiz RM, Vistoli G, Wetsel WC, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Optimization of 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamines as selective serotonin 2C receptor agonists and their evaluation as potential antipsychotic agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1992-2002. [PMID: 25633969 DOI: 10.1021/jm5019274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a new series of compounds that are potent, selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists is described herein as we continue our efforts to optimize the 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine scaffold. Modifications focused on the alkoxyl substituent present on the aromatic ring led to the identification of improved ligands with better potency at the 5-HT2C receptor and excellent selectivity against the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. ADMET studies coupled with a behavioral test using the amphetamine-induced hyperactivity model identified four compounds possessing drug-like profiles and having antipsychotic properties. Compound (+)-16b, which displayed an EC50 of 4.2 nM at 5-HT2C, no activity at 5-HT2B, and an 89-fold selectivity against 5-HT2A, is one of the most potent and selective 5-HT2C agonists reported to date. The likely binding mode of this series of compounds to the 5-HT2C receptor was also investigated in a modeling study, using optimized models incorporating the structures of β2-adrenergic receptor and 5-HT2B receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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11
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Neelamegam R, Hellenbrand T, Schroeder FA, Wang C, Hooker JM. Imaging evaluation of 5HT2C agonists, [(11)C]WAY-163909 and [(11)C]vabicaserin, formed by Pictet-Spengler cyclization. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1488-94. [PMID: 24491146 PMCID: PMC3983360 DOI: 10.1021/jm401802f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
serotonin subtype 2C (5HT2C) receptor is an emerging
and promising drug target to treat several disorders of the human
central nervous system. In this current report, two potent and selective
5HT2C full agonists, WAY-163909 (2) and vabicaserin
(3), were radiolabeled with carbon-11 via Pictet–Spengler
cyclization with [11C]formaldehyde and used in positron
emission tomography (PET) imaging. Reaction conditions were optimized
to exclude the major source of isotope dilution caused by the previously
unknown breakdown of N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) to formaldehyde at high temperature under mildly acid conditions.
In vivo PET imaging was utilized
to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and distribution of the carbon-11
labeled 5HT2C agonists. Both radiolabeled molecules exhibit
high blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration and nonspecific
binding, which was unaltered by preadministration of the unlabeled
agonist. Our work demonstrates that Pictet–Spengler cyclization
can be used to label drugs with carbon-11 to study their pharmacokinetics
and for evaluation as PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Neelamegam
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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12
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Banning JE, Gentillon J, Ryabchuk PG, Prosser AR, Rogers A, Edwards A, Holtzen A, Babkov IA, Rubina M, Rubin M. Formal Substitution of Bromocyclopropanes with Nitrogen Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7601-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Banning
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Jacob Gentillon
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Pavel G. Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Anthony R. Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Holtzen
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Ivan A. Babkov
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
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13
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Holzer W. Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated α'-haloketones through the chemoselective addition of halomethyllithiums to Weinreb amides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7764-70. [PMID: 23805887 DOI: 10.1021/jo401236t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of variously functionalized α,β-unsaturated α'-haloketones has been achieved through the chemoselective addition of halomethyllithium carbenoids to Weinreb amides at -78 °C. A comparative study employing the corresponding esters under the same reaction conditions pointed out that the instability of the tetrahedral intermediate formed from the latter is responsible for the observed formation of carbinols instead of the desired haloketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Drug and Natural Product Synthesis, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria.
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Khan MNA, Suzuki T, Miyata N. An overview of phenylcyclopropylamine derivatives: biochemical and biological significance and recent developments. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:873-910. [PMID: 22893613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
trans-2-Phencylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA), a potent, clinically used antidepressant, affects monoamine neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting the main metabolizing enzymes, monoamine oxidases (MAOs). However, the antidepressant action of this compound was not fully explained by its effects on MAOs due to its wide variety of biological effects. 2-PCPA also affects depression-associated pathophysiological pathways, and linked with increased levels of trace amines in brain, upregulation of GABAB receptors (where GABA is gamma amino butyric acid), modulation of phospholipid metabolism, and interference with various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Consequently, despite its adverse effects and limited clinical applicability, 2-PCPA has attracted interest as a structural scaffold for the development of mechanism-based inhibitors of various enzymes, including lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which is a possible target for cancer chemotherapy. In the recent years, many reports have appeared in the literature based on 2-PCPA scaffold and their potential medicinal implications. This review mainly focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects including drug design, structure-activity relationships (SAR), biological and biochemical properties, and mechanism of actions of 2-PCPA and its derivatives. Furthermore, we also highlight recent advance in this area and discuss their future applications for beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Ryabchuk P, Rubina M, Xu J, Rubin M. Formal Nucleophilic Substitution of Bromocyclopropanes with Azoles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1752-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300352z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jack Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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