1
|
Jin C, Chen H, Xie L, Zhou Y, Liu LL, Wu J. GPCRs involved in metabolic diseases: pharmacotherapeutic development updates. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1321-1336. [PMID: 38326623 PMCID: PMC11192902 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, and activation of GPCRs is involved in enormous metabolic pathways, including nutrient synthesis, transportation, storage or insulin sensitivity, etc. This review intends to summarize the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and mechanisms by a series of GPCRs, such as GPR91, GPR55, GPR119, GPR109a, GPR142, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120. With deep understanding of GPCR's structure and signaling pathways, it is attempting to uncover the role of GPCRs in major metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which the global prevalence has risen during last two decades. An extensive list of agonists and antagonists with their chemical structures in a nature of small molecular compounds for above-mentioned GPCRs is provided as pharmacologic candidates, and their preliminary data of preclinical studies are discussed. Moreover, their beneficial effects in correcting abnormalities of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and dyslipidemia are summarized when clinical trials have been undertaken. Thus, accumulating data suggest that these agonists or antagonists might become as new pharmacotherapeutic candidates for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Zhou Z, Qi Q, Xu S, Chen L, Wang F. Anoikis-related gene signature is associated with immune infiltration and predicts the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2908-2933. [PMID: 38329444 PMCID: PMC10911374 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer. With the in-depth exploration of cell death manners, numerous studies found that anoikis is an important mechanism that associated with treatment. Therefore, we aimed to explore the prognostic value and treatment guidance of anoikis in NSCLC patients. In the current study, we first constructed a prognostic model based on the anoikis-related genes based on bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset. Then, immuno-correlations of anoikis-related risk scores (ARGRS) were analyzed. In addition, HMGA1, a risky gene in ARGRS, was further explored to define its expression and immuno-correlation. Results showed that patients with higher ARGRS had worse clinical outcomes. Moreover, the five genes in the prognostic model were all highly expressed on tumor cells. Moreover, further analysis found that the ARGRS was negatively correlated with ImmuneScore, but positively with tumor purity. Besides, patients in the ARGRS-high group had lower levels of immunological characteristics, such as the immune-related signaling pathways and subpopulations. Additionally, in the immunotherapy cohorts, patients with the ARGRS-high phenotype were more resistant to immunotherapy and tended to not achieve remission after treatment. Last, HMGA1 was chosen as the representative biomarker, and analysis of the in-house cohort showed that HMGA1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and correlated with decreased T cell infiltration. To sum up, ARGRS was correlated with a desert tumor microenvironment and identified immune-cold tumors, which can be a novel biomarker for the recognition of immunological characteristics and an immunotherapeutic response in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qianyi Qi
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shirong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou 225511, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren Q, Fan Y, Yang L, Shan M, Shi W, Qian H. An updated patent review of GPR40/ FFAR1 modulators (2020 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:565-577. [PMID: 37947382 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2272649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because it could clinically stimulate insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner without inducing hypoglycemia. In both the pharmaceutical industry and academic community, FFAR1 agonists have attracted considerable attention. AREAS COVERED The review presents a patent overview of FFAR1 modulators in 2020-2023, along with chemical structures, the biological activities and therapeutic applications of the representative compounds. Our patent survey used the major electronic databases, namely SciFinder, and Web of Science and Innojoy. EXPERT OPINION Although FFAR1 agonists exhibit outstanding advantages, they are also associated with significant challenges. At present, reducing the molecular weight and overall lipophilicity and developing tissue-specific FFAR1 agonists may be the strategies for alleviating hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ren
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiqing Fan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mayu Shan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen C, Guo SM, Sun Y, Li H, Hu N, Yao K, Ni H, Xia Z, Xu B, Xie X, Long YQ. Discovery of orally effective and safe GPR40 agonists by incorporating a chiral, rigid and polar sulfoxide into β-position to the carboxylic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115267. [PMID: 36933395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 is primarily expressed in pancreatic islet β-cells, and its activation by endogenous ligands of medium to long-chain free fatty acids or synthetic agonists is clinically proved to improve glycemic control by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, most of the reported agonists are highly lipophilic, which might cause lipotoxicity and the off-target effects in CNS. Particularly, the withdrawal of TAK-875 from clinical trials phase III due to liver toxicity concern threw doubt over the long-term safety of targeting GPR40. Improving the efficacy and the selectivity, thus enlarging the therapeutic window would provide an alternative to develop safe GPR40-targeted therapeutics. Herein, by employing an innovative "three-in-one" pharmacophore drug design strategy, the optimal structural features for GPR40 agonist was integrated into one functional group of sulfoxide, which was incorporated into the β-position of the propanoic acid core pharmacophore. As a result, the conformational constraint, polarity as well as chirality endowed by the sulfoxide significantly enhanced the efficacy, selectivity and ADMET properties of the novel (S)- 2-(phenylsulfinyl)acetic acid-based GPR40 agonists. The lead compounds (S)-4a and (S)-4s exhibited robust plasma glucose-lowering effects and insulinotropic action during an oral glucose tolerance test in C57/BL6 mice, excellent pharmacokinetic profile and little hepatobiliary transporter inhibition, marginal cell toxicities against human primary hepatocyte at 100 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kun Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huxin Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhikan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
How Arrestins and GRKs Regulate the Function of Long Chain Fatty Acid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012237. [PMID: 36293091 PMCID: PMC9602559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FFA1 and FFA4, two G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by long chain fatty acids, play crucial roles in mediating many biological functions in the body. As a result, these fatty acid receptors have gained considerable attention due to their potential to be targeted for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. However, the relative contribution of canonical G protein-mediated signalling versus the effects of agonist-induced phosphorylation and interactions with β-arrestins have yet to be fully defined. Recently, several reports have highlighted the ability of β-arrestins and GRKs to interact with and modulate different functions of both FFA1 and FFA4, suggesting that it is indeed important to consider these interactions when studying the roles of FFA1 and FFA4 in both normal physiology and in different disease settings. Here, we discuss what is currently known and show the importance of understanding fully how β-arrestins and GRKs regulate the function of long chain fatty acid receptors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Cai Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Jiao S, Ren Q, Wang X, Geng X, Li Z, Wang G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel FFA1 partial agonists bearing oxime ether scaffold**. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy) The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- College of Pharmacy Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Xinqian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650021 China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy) The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guangji Wang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bazydlo-Guzenda K, Buda P, Mach M, Pieczykolan J, Kozlowska I, Janiszewski M, Drzazga E, Dominowski J, Ziolkowski H, Wieczorek M, Gad SC. Evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of the novel GPR40 (FFAR1) agonist CPL207280 in the rat and monkey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257477. [PMID: 34555055 PMCID: PMC8459971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 (FFAR1) is a promising target for the managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The most advanced GPR40 agonist TAK-875 exhibited satisfactory glucose-lowering effects in phase II and III studies. However, the phase III studies of TAK-875 revealed drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is unknown whether DILI is a consequence of a specific GPR40 agonist or is an inherent feature of all GPR40 agonists. CPL207280 is a novel GPR40 agonist that improves diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats and db/db mice. In this report, the DILI-related toxicity of CPL207280 was compared directly with that of TAK-875. In vitro studies evaluating hepatic biliary transporter inhibition, mitochondrial function, and metabolic profiling were performed in hepatocytes from different species. The long term toxicity of CPL207280 was studied in vivo in rats and monkeys. Activity of CPL207280 was one order of magnitude lesser than that of TAK-875 for the inhibition of bile acid transporters. CPL207280 had a negligible effect on the hepatic mitochondria. In contrast to TAK-875, which was metabolized through toxic glucuronidation, CPL207280 was metabolized mainly through oxidation. No deleterious hepatic effects were observed in chronically treated healthy and diabetic animals. The study presents promising data on the feasibility of creating a liver-safe GPR40 agonist. Additionally, it can be concluded that DILI is not a hallmark of GPR40 agonists; it is linked to the intrinsic properties of an individual agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bazydlo-Guzenda
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Buda
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mach
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Izabela Kozlowska
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Drzazga
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominowski
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Hubert Ziolkowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Lomianki, Poland
| | - Shayne Cox Gad
- Gad Consulting Services, Raleigh, North Carolina Area, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mach M, Bazydło-Guzenda K, Buda P, Matłoka M, Dzida R, Stelmach F, Gałązka K, Wąsińska-Kałwa M, Smuga D, Hołowińska D, Dawid U, Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Wiśniewski K, Dubiel K, Pieczykolan J, Wieczorek M. Discovery and development of CPL207280 as new GPR40/FFA1 agonist. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113810. [PMID: 34537444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to a unique mechanism that limits the possibility of hypoglycemia, the free fatty acid receptor (FFA1) is an attractive target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. So far, however, none of the promising agonists have been able to enter the market. The most advanced clinical candidate, TAK-875, was withdrawn from phase III clinical trials due to liver safety issues. In this article, we describe the key aspects leading to the discovery of CPL207280 (13), the design of which focused on long-term safety. The introduction of small, nature-inspired acyclic structural fragments resulted in compounds with retained high potency and a satisfactory pharmacokinetic profile. Optimized synthesis and upscaling provided a stable, solid form of CPL207280-51 (45) with the properties required for the toxicology studies and ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mach
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bazydło-Guzenda
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Buda
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Matłoka
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Radosław Dzida
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Filip Stelmach
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Kinga Gałązka
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | | | - Damian Smuga
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Dagmara Hołowińska
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Urszula Dawid
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Dubiel
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Celon Pharma S.A., R&D Centre, Marymoncka 15, 05-152, Kazun Nowy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hidalgo MA, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:668330. [PMID: 34276398 PMCID: PMC8280355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rani L, Grewal AS, Sharma N, Singh S. Recent Updates on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (GPR-40) Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:426-470. [PMID: 33100202 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201023141326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has enthused the development of new antidiabetic targets with low toxicity and long-term stability. In this respect, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which is also recognized as a G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a novel target for the treatment of T2DM. FFAR1/GPR40 has a high level of expression in β-cells of the pancreas, and the requirement of glucose for stimulating insulin release results in immense stimulation to utilise this target in the medication of T2DM. METHODS The data used for this review is based on the search of several scienctific databases as well as various patent databases. The main search terms used were free fatty acid receptor 1, FFAR1, FFAR1 agonists, diabetes mellitus, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), GPR40 agonists, GPR40 ligands, type 2 diabetes mellitus and T2DM. RESULTS The present review article gives a brief overview of FFAR1, its role in T2DM, recent developments in small molecule FFAR1 (GPR40) agonists reported till now, compounds of natural/plant origin, recent patents published in the last few years, mechanism of FFAR1 activation by the agonists, and clinical status of the FFAR1/GPR40 agonists. CONCLUSION The agonists of FFAR1/GRP40 showed considerable potential for the therapeutic control of T2DM. Most of the small molecule FFAR1/GPR40 agonists developed were aryl alkanoic acid derivatives (such as phenylpropionic acids, phenylacetic acids, phenoxyacetic acids, and benzofuran acetic acid derivatives) and thiazolidinediones. Some natural/plant-derived compounds, including fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, isoquinoline, and indole alkaloids, were also reported as potent FFAR1 agonists. The clinical investigations of the FFAR1 agonists demonstrated their probable role in the improvement of glucose control. Though, there are some problems still to be resolved in this field as some FFAR1 agonists terminated in the late phase of clinical studies due to "hepatotoxicity." Currently, PBI-4050 is under clinical investigation by Prometic. Further investigation of pharmacophore scaffolds for FFAR1 full agonists as well as multitargeted modulators and corresponding clinical investigations will be anticipated, which can open up new directions in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghislain J, Poitout V. Targeting lipid GPCRs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus - progress and challenges. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:162-175. [PMID: 33495605 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that are designed to increase insulin secretion either directly target β-cells or indirectly target gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which release hormones that modulate insulin secretion (for example, incretins). Given that β-cells and EECs both express a large array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate insulin secretion, considerable research and development efforts have been undertaken to design therapeutic drugs targeting these GPCRs. Among them are GPCRs specific for free fatty acid ligands (lipid GPCRs), including free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, otherwise known as GPR40), FFA2 (GPR43), FFA3 (GPR41) and FFA4 (GPR120), as well as the lipid metabolite binding glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GPR119). These lipid GPCRs have demonstrated important roles in the control of islet and gut hormone secretion. Advances in lipid GPCR pharmacology have led to the identification of a number of synthetic agonists that exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies. Yet, translation of these promising results to the clinic has so far been disappointing. In this Review, we present the physiological roles, pharmacology and clinical studies of these lipid receptors and discuss the challenges associated with their clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are incorporated in various approved drugs and drug candidates. The increasing interest in less planar bioactive compounds has given rise to the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of spirocyclic scaffolds. In this Perspective, we summarize the diverse synthetic routes to obtain spirocyclic systems. The impact of spirocycles on potency and selectivity, including the aspect of stereochemistry, is discussed. Furthermore, we examine the changes in physicochemical properties as well as in in vitro and in vivo ADME using selected studies that compare spirocyclic compounds to their nonspirocyclic counterparts. In conclusion, the value of spirocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuranov SO, Luzina OA, Salakhutdinov NF. FFA1 (GPR40) Receptor Agonists Based on Phenylpropanoic Acid as Hypoglycemic Agents: Structure–Activity Relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Lückmann M, Trauelsen M, Frimurer TM, Schwartz TW. Structural basis for GPCR signaling by small polar versus large lipid metabolites-discovery of non-metabolite ligands. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:38-48. [PMID: 31951921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Key metabolites act through specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as extracellular signals of fuel availability and metabolic stress. Here, we focus on the succinate receptor SUCNR1/GPR91 and the long chain fatty acid receptor FFAR1/GPR40, for which 3D structural information is available. Like other small polar acidic metabolites, succinate is excreted from the cell by transporter proteins to bind to an extracellular, solvent-exposed pocket in SUCNR1. Non-metabolite pharmacological tool compounds are currently being designed based on the structure of the SUCNR1 binding pocket. In FFAR1, differently signaling lipid mimetics bind in two distinct membrane-exposed sites corresponding to each of the lipid bilayer leaflets. Conceivably endogenous lipid ligands gain access to these sites by way of the membrane and probably occupy both sites under physiological circumstances. Design of polar agonists for a dynamic, solvent-exposed pocket in FFAR1 underlines the possibility of structure-based approaches for development of novel tool compounds even in lipid sensing metabolite GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lückmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Sena M. Pinheiro P, Rodrigues DA, do Couto Maia R, Thota S, Fraga CA. The Use of Conformational Restriction in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1712-1733. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the early preclinical phase, from hit identification and optimization to a lead compound,
several medicinal chemistry strategies can be used to improve potency and/or selectivity. The
conformational restriction is one of these approaches. It consists of introducing some specific structural
constraints in a lead candidate to reduce the overall number of possible conformations in order to favor
the adoption of a bioactive conformation and, as a consequence, molecular recognition by the target receptor.
In this work, we focused on the application of the conformational restriction strategy in the last
five years for the optimization of hits and/or leads of several important classes of therapeutic targets in
the drug discovery field. Thus, we recognize the importance of several kinase inhibitors to the current
landscape of drug development for cancer therapy and the use of G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)
modulators. Several other targets are also highlighted, such as the class of epigenetic drugs. Therefore,
the possibility of exploiting conformational restriction as a tool to increase the potency and selectivity
and promote changes in the intrinsic activity of some ligands intended to act on many different targets
makes this strategy of structural modification valuable for the discovery of novel drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena M. Pinheiro
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo do Couto Maia
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sreekanth Thota
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos A.M. Fraga
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kimura I, Ichimura A, Ohue-Kitano R, Igarashi M. Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:171-210. [PMID: 31487233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indane derived GPR40 agoPAMs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1842-1848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Liu B, Deng L, Chen H, Liao R, Li Y, Zeng X, Deng F, Zhang L, Li Z. Design, synthesis and biological activity of deuterium-based FFA1 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1471-1475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
19
|
Caille S, Cui S, Faul MM, Mennen SM, Tedrow JS, Walker SD. Molecular Complexity as a Driver for Chemical Process Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4583-4603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seb Caille
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Sheng Cui
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Margaret M. Faul
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Steven M. Mennen
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason S. Tedrow
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shawn D. Walker
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang XY, Yang S, Wei Y, Shi M. Thermally-induced intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6399-6404. [PMID: 30168557 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and highly regio- and diastereoselective synthetic method to cyclobutane-containing spiro[2.3]hexane fused with six-membered hetero-cycles has been disclosed via a thermally-induced intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes. The DFT calculations indicate that this intramolecular cycloaddition proceeds in a concerted manner and account for the product selectivity. These reactions exhibited excellent yields and functional group tolerance under metal free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang C, Feng B. Discovery and biological evaluation of novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonists for type 2 diabetes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800267. [PMID: 30740769 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is a member of the GPCR family promising to be the target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. In this work, 30 novel compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated by in vitro cAMP activation assay, where compounds II-14 and II-18 showed the best potency with EC50 values of 69 and 99 nM, respectively. In the oral glucose tolerance test, compound II-18 showed even more efficacious activity in lowering blood excursions than MBX-2982 at a fixed dose of 30 mg/kg. Here, we report that compound II-18 with its excellent agonistic activity and its orally effective activity in decreasing blood glucose deviations may serve as a potent GPR119 agonist for the treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang J, Gu E, Yan T, Shen D, Feng B, Tang C. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of novel phenylpropanoic acid derivatives agonists for the FFA1. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:900-909. [PMID: 30657643 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) has attracted extensive attention as a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for its role in the enhancement of insulin secretion with glucose dependency. Aiming to develop novel potent FFA1 agonists, a new series of phenylpropionic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the modification of chemical cement of TAK-875, AMG-837, and LY2881835. Among them, most promising compounds 7, 14, and 15 were obtained with EC50 values of 82, 79, and 88 nM, exhibiting a powerful agonistic activity compared to TAK-875 (95.1 nM). During Oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice, compound 7, 14, and 15 had significant glucose-lowering effect at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, compound 15 (50 mg/kg) also significantly improved in glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic mice. Herein, we reported the discovery and optimization of a series of potent FFA1 agonists. The discovery supported further exploration surrounding this scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enke Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoming Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Herrera-Rueda MÁ, Tlahuext H, Paoli P, Giacoman-Martínez A, Almanza-Pérez JC, Pérez-Sánchez H, Gutiérrez-Hernández A, Chávez-Silva F, Dominguez-Mendoza EA, Estrada-Soto S, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Design, synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological characterization of antidiabetic N-Boc-l-tyrosine-based compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:670-678. [PMID: 30245467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized five N-Boc-L-tyrosine-based analogues to glitazars. The in vitro effects of compounds 1-5 on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα/γ), glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4) and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) activation are reported in this paper. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the in vitro PTP-1B inhibition assay, showing IC50s of approximately 44 μM. Treatment of adipocytes with compound 1 increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, both compounds (1 and 3) also increased the relative mRNA expression of PPARα (by 8-fold) and FATP-1 (by 15-fold). Molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the polypharmacological binding mode of the most active compounds on these targets. Finally, a murine model of hyperglycemia was used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of compounds 1 and 3. We found that both compounds are orally active using an exploratory dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the blood glucose concentration in an oral glucose tolerance test and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus murine model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both molecules showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered polypharmacological antidiabetic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Tlahuext
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), E30107, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | | | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zhang L, Tang C, Feng B. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyridine derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:67-74. [PMID: 30120879 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of novel small molecule GPR119 agonists with improved potency and moderate physiochemical characteristics. Among them, the most promising compounds 19 and 20 were obtained with EC50 values of 75 and 25 nM, respectively, in vitro cAMP assays and effectively decreased blood glucose excursion in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of normal mice. Furthermore, in OGTT with type 2 diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet, compound 19 also showed significant reduction in blood glucose level compared to vehicle control group, which demonstrated an attractive in vitro and in vivo profile for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Changzhou Runnor Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen HY, Plummer CW, Xiao D, Chobanian HR, DeMong D, Miller M, Trujillo ME, Kirkland M, Kosinski D, Mane J, Pachanski M, Cheewatrakoolpong B, Di Salvo J, Thomas-Fowlkes B, Souza S, Tatosian DA, Chen Q, Hafey MJ, Houle R, Nolting AF, Orr R, Ehrhart J, Weinglass AB, Tschirret-Guth R, Howard AD, Colletti SL. Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel and Selective Biaryl-Chroman GPR40 AgoPAMs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:685-690. [PMID: 30034601 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of biaryl chromans exhibiting potent and selective agonism for the GPR40 receptor with positive allosteric modulation of endogenous ligands (AgoPAM) were discovered as potential therapeutics for the treatment of type II diabetes. Optimization of physicochemical properties through modification of the pendant aryl rings resulted in the identification of compound AP5, which possesses an improved metabolic profile while demonstrating sustained glucose lowering.
Collapse
|
26
|
Brown SP, Dransfield P, Vimolratana M, Zhu L, Luo J, Zhang J, Jiao X, Pattaropong V, Wong S, Zhuang R, Swaminath G, Houze JB, Lin DCH. Discovery of AM-6226: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40 Full Agonist That Displays Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:757-760. [PMID: 30034614 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 (FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor, primarily expressed in pancreatic islets and enteroendocrine L-cells, and, when activated, elicits increased insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated glucose levels. We recently reported the discovery of AM-1638 (2), a full agonist of GPR40. Herein, we present further structure-activity relationships progressing from AM-1638 (2) to AM-6226 (14) that possesses a profile acceptable for dosing cynomolgus monkeys. The GPR40 full agonist AM-6226 (14) is the first molecule to display significant glucose lowering in cynomolgus monkeys providing additional evidence that GPR40 full agonists afford access to a powerful mechanism for maintaining glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Paul Dransfield
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Marc Vimolratana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Liusheng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jane Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - XianYun Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vatee Pattaropong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Simon Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Run Zhuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Gayathri Swaminath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Houze
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Daniel C.-H. Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Discovery Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Structure-based design of free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing non-biphenyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:296-302. [PMID: 29980115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) enhances the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without the risk of hypoglycemia. However, most of FFA1 agonists have a common biphenyl moiety, leading to a relative deprivation in structure types. Herein, we describe the exploration of non-biphenyl scaffold based on the co-crystal structure of FFA1 to increase additional interactions with the lateral residues, which led to the identification of lead compounds 3 and 9. In induced-fit docking study, compound 3 forms an edge-on interaction with Trp150 by slightly rotating the indole ring of Trp150, and compound 9 has additional hydrogen bond and δ-π interactions with Leu135, which demonstrated the feasibility of our design strategy. Moreover, lead compounds 3 and 9 revealed improved polar surface area compared to GW9508, and have considerable hypoglycemic effects in mice. This structure-based study might inspire us to design more promising FFA1 agonists by increasing additional interactions with the residues outside of binding pocket.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu C, Li Z, Shi W, Li H, Wang N, Dai Y, Liao C, Huang W, Qian H. Improving metabolic stability with deuterium: The discovery of HWL-066, a potent and long-acting free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1547-1554. [PMID: 29777569 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) is a potential target due to its function in enhancing of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The FFA1 agonist GW9508 has great potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it has been suffering from high plasma clearance probably because the phenylpropanoic acid is vulnerable to β-oxidation. To identify orally available analog without influence on the unique pharmacological mechanism of GW9508, we tried to interdict the metabolically labile group by incorporating two deuterium atoms at the α-position of phenylpropionic acid affording compound 4 (HWL-066). As expected, HWL-066 revealed a lower clearance (CL = 0.23 L-1 hr-1 kg-1 ), higher maximum concentration (Cmax = 5907.47 μg/L), and longer half-life (T1/2 = 3.50 hr), resulting in a 2.8-fold higher exposure than GW9508. Moreover, the glucose-lowering effect of HWL-066 was far better than that of GW9508 and comparable with TAK-875. Different from glibenclamide, no side-effect of hypoglycemia was observed in mice after oral administrating HWL-066 (80 mg/kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nasi Wang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Liao
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of deuterated phenylpropionic acid derivatives as potent and long-acting free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Structure-based optimization of free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing thiazole scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:429-435. [PMID: 29433092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) plays an important role in amplifying insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner. We have previously reported a series of FFA1 agonists with thiazole scaffold exemplified by compound 1, and identified a small hydrophobic subpocket partially occupied by the methyl group of compound 1. Herein, we describe further structure optimization to better fit the small hydrophobic subpocket by replacing the small methyl group with other hydrophobic substituents. All of these efforts resulted in the identification of compound 6, a potent FFA1 agonist (EC50 = 39.7 nM) with desired ligand efficiency (0.24) and ligand lipophilicity efficiency (4.7). Moreover, lead compound 6 exhibited a greater potential for decreasing the hyperglycemia levels than compound 1 during an oral glucose tolerance test. In summary, compound 6 is a promising FFA1 agonist for further investigation, and the structure-based study promoted our understanding for the binding pocket of FFA1.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rodrigues DA, Pinheiro PDSM, Ferreira TTDSC, Thota S, Fraga CAM. Structural basis for the agonist action at free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1R or GPR40). Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:668-680. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alencar Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Thayssa Tavares da Silva Cunha Ferreira
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Sreekanth Thota
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN); Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Ministério da Saúde; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Griffin SA, Drisko CR, Huang KS. Tricyclic heterocycles as precursors to functionalized spirocyclic oximes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
33
|
Li Z, Liu C, Xu X, Qiu Q, Su X, Dai Y, Yang J, Li H, Shi W, Liao C, Pan M, Huang W, Qian H. Discovery of phenylsulfonyl acetic acid derivatives with improved efficacy and safety as potent free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:458-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
34
|
Hauge M, Ekberg JP, Engelstoft MS, Timshel P, Madsen AN, Schwartz TW. Gq and Gs signaling acting in synergy to control GLP-1 secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:64-73. [PMID: 27908836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 is generally known to signal through Gq. However, in transfected cells, certain synthetic agonists can make the receptor signal also through Gs and cAMP (Hauge et al., 2015). Here we find that, in colonic crypt cultures, the GLP-1 secretion induced by such Gq + Gs GPR40 agonists is indeed inhibited by blockers of both Gq and Gs and is eliminated by combining these. This in contrast to Gq-only GPR40 agonists which only are affected by the Gq inhibitor. Importantly, Gq-only GPR40 agonists in combination with low doses of selective synthetic agonists for Gs coupled receptors, e.g. GPR119 and TGR5 provide more than additive GLP-1 secretion both ex vivo and in vivo in mice. It is concluded that under physiological circumstances triglyceride metabolites, i.e. long chain fatty acids and 2-monoacyl glycerol plus bile acids, act synergistically through their respective receptors, GPR40, GPR119 and TGR5 to stimulate GLP-1 secretion robustly by combining Gq and Gs signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hauge
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Pio Ekberg
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Storm Engelstoft
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Timshel
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas N Madsen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Xu X, Huang W, Qian H. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:381-425. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Estrada-Soto S, Giles-Rivas D, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, León-Rivera I, Giacoman-Martínez A, Miranda Pérez E, Almanza-Pérez JC. Discovery of new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonists with robust antidiabetic activity: Design, synthesis and in combo drug evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:53-61. [PMID: 28342366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of compounds 1 and 2 was based on the similar scaffold of pharmacophoric groups for PPARγ and GPR40 agonists. In order to find new compounds with improved biological activity, the current manuscript describes a new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonist. We synthesized two compounds, which were prepared following a multistep synthetic route, and the relative mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4, and GPR40 were quantified in cell culture, as well as insulin secretion and [Ca2+] intracellular levels. Compound 1 showed a 7-times increase in the mRNA expression of PPARγ, which in turn enhanced the expression levels of GLUT4 respect to control and pioglitazone. It also showed an increase of 2-fold in the [Ca2+]i level allowing an increment on insulin release, being as active as the positive control (glibenclamide), causing also an increase of 2-fold in mRNA expression of GPR40. Furthermore, the compound 2 showed lower activity than the compound 1. The ester of 1 showed antidiabetic activity at a 50mg/kg single dose in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice model. In addition, we achieved a molecular docking study of compound 1 on PPARγ and GPR40 receptors, showing a great affinity for both targets. We observed important polar interactions between the carboxylic group and main residues into the binding pocket. Therefore, the compound 1 has a potential for the development of antidiabetic agents with newfangled dual action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Giles-Rivas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62209, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Miranda Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li H, Huang Q, Chen C, Xu B, Wang HY, Long YQ. Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40 Full Agonists Bearing Thiophen-2-ylpropanoic Acid Scaffold. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2697-2717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Huang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - He-Yao Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jurica EA, Wu X, Williams KN, Hernandez AS, Nirschl DS, Rampulla RA, Mathur A, Zhou M, Cao G, Xie C, Jacob B, Cai H, Wang T, Murphy BJ, Liu H, Xu C, Kunselman LK, Hicks MB, Sun Q, Schnur DM, Sitkoff DF, Dierks EA, Apedo A, Moore DB, Foster KA, Cvijic ME, Panemangalore R, Flynn NA, Maxwell BD, Hong Y, Tian Y, Wilkes JJ, Zinker BA, Whaley JM, Barrish JC, Robl JA, Ewing WR, Ellsworth BA. Discovery of Pyrrolidine-Containing GPR40 Agonists: Stereochemistry Effects a Change in Binding Mode. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1417-1431. [PMID: 28112924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrrolidine-containing GPR40 agonists is described as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. The initial pyrrolidine hit was modified by moving the position of the carboxylic acid, a key pharmacophore for GPR40. Addition of a 4-cis-CF3 to the pyrrolidine improves the human GPR40 binding Ki and agonist efficacy. After further optimization, the discovery of a minor enantiomeric impurity with agonist activity led to the finding that enantiomers (R,R)-68 and (S,S)-68 have differential effects on the radioligand used for the binding assay, with (R,R)-68 potentiating the radioligand and (S,S)-68 displacing the radioligand. Compound (R,R)-68 activates both Gq-coupled intracellular Ca2+ flux and Gs-coupled cAMP accumulation. This signaling bias results in a dual mechanism of action for compound (R,R)-68, demonstrating glucose-dependent insulin and GLP-1 secretion in vitro. In vivo, compound (R,R)-68 significantly lowers plasma glucose levels in mice during an oral glucose challenge, encouraging further development of the series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jurica
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Ximao Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Kristin N Williams
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Andres S Hernandez
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - David S Nirschl
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Richard A Rampulla
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Min Zhou
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Gary Cao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Biji Jacob
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Hong Cai
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Brian J Murphy
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Heng Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Carrie Xu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Lori K Kunselman
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Michael B Hicks
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Qin Sun
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Dora M Schnur
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Doree F Sitkoff
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Dierks
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Atsu Apedo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Douglas B Moore
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Kimberly A Foster
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Reshma Panemangalore
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Neil A Flynn
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Brad D Maxwell
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Yang Hong
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jason J Wilkes
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Bradley A Zinker
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jean M Whaley
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Joel C Barrish
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Robl
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Plummer CW, Clements MJ, Chen H, Rajagopalan M, Josien H, Hagmann WK, Miller M, Trujillo ME, Kirkland M, Kosinski D, Mane J, Pachanski M, Cheewatrakoolpong B, Nolting AF, Orr R, Christensen M, Campeau LC, Wright MJ, Bugianesi R, Souza S, Zhang X, Di Salvo J, Weinglass AB, Tschirret-Guth R, Nargund R, Howard AD, Colletti SL. Design and Synthesis of Novel, Selective GPR40 AgoPAMs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:221-226. [PMID: 28197316 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in pancreatic islets and intestinal L-cells that has been a target of significant recent therapeutic interest for type II diabetes. Activation of GPR40 by partial agonists elicits insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated blood glucose levels, minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. GPR40 agoPAMs have shown superior efficacy to partial agonists as assessed in a glucose tolerability test (GTT). Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of a series of potent, selective GPR40 agoPAMs. Compound 24 demonstrated sustained glucose lowering in a chronic study of Goto Kakizaki rats, showing no signs of tachyphylaxis for this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Plummer
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew J. Clements
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Helen Chen
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Murali Rajagopalan
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hubert Josien
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William K. Hagmann
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Miller
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria E. Trujillo
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel Kosinski
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joel Mane
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michele Pachanski
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Boonlert Cheewatrakoolpong
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew F. Nolting
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Orr
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Melodie Christensen
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael J. Wright
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Randal Bugianesi
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sarah Souza
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jerry Di Salvo
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Adam B. Weinglass
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Richard Tschirret-Guth
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi Nargund
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew D. Howard
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Steven L. Colletti
- Departments of †Discovery Chemistry, ‡Process Chemistry, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, and ⊥In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Of the 415 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide, 90% have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and occurs in obese individuals as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin levels. Accordingly, diabetes drugs are tailored to enhance glucose disposal or target the pancreatic islet β cell to increase insulin secretion. The majority of the present-day insulin secretagogues, however, increase the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycemia, and hence alternatives are actively sought. The long-chain fatty acid, G protein-coupled receptor FFA1/Gpr40, is expressed in β cells, and its activation potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Preclinical data indicate that FFA1 agonism is an effective treatment to restore glucose homeostasis in rodent models of diabetes. This initial success prompted clinical trials in type 2 diabetes patients, the results of which were promising; however, the field suffered a significant setback when the lead compound TAK-875/fasiglifam was withdrawn from clinical development due to liver safety concerns. Nevertheless, recent developments have brought to light a surprising complexity of FFA1 agonist action, signaling diversity, and biological outcomes, raising hopes that with a greater understanding of the mechanisms at play the second round will be more successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CRCHUM, University of Montreal, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- CRCHUM, University of Montreal, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Insulinotropic effects of GPR120 agonists are altered in obese diabetic and obese non-diabetic states. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:247-260. [PMID: 27980130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is a putative target for obesity and diabetes therapies. However, it remains controversial whether resident GPR120 plays a direct regulatory role in islet β-cell insulin secretion. The present study examined this issue in isolated rodent islets and rat β-cell line INS-1E, and assessed the role of GPR120 in islet insulin secretion in obese non-diabetic (OND) and diabetic states. GPR120 expression was detected in rodent islet β-cells. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and synthetic GPR120 agonist GSK137647 (GSK) augmented insulin release from rat/mouse islets and INS-1E; DHA effects were partially mediated by GPR40. GPR120 knockdown and overexpression attenuated and enhanced DHA effects in INS-1E respectively. DHA and GSK improved postprandial hyperglycaemia of diabetic mice. Inhibition of calcium signalling in INS-1E reduced GPR120 activation-induced insulinotropic effects. The insulinotropic effects of DHA/GSK were amplified in OND rat islets, but diminished in diabetic rat islets. GPR120 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression were elevated in OND islets and palmitic acid (PA)-treated INS-1E, but reduced in diabetic islets and high glucose-treated INS-1E. PPARγ activation increased GPR120 expression in rat islets and INS-1E. DHA and GSK induced protein kinase B (Akt)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in rodent islets and INS-1E, and these effects were altered in OND and diabetic states. Taken together, the present study indicates that (i) GPR120 activation has an insulinotropic influence on β-cells with the involvement of calcium signalling; (ii) GPR120 expression in β-cells and GPR120-mediated insulinotropic effects are altered in OND and diabetic states in distinct ways, and these alterations may be mediated by PPARγ.
Collapse
|
42
|
GPR40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The biological characteristics and the chemical space. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5603-5612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Hamdouchi C, Kahl SD, Patel Lewis A, Cardona GR, Zink RW, Chen K, Eessalu TE, Ficorilli JV, Marcelo MC, Otto KA, Wilbur KL, Lineswala JP, Piper JL, Coffey DS, Sweetana SA, Haas JV, Brooks DA, Pratt EJ, Belin RM, Deeg MA, Ma X, Cannady EA, Johnson JT, Yumibe NP, Chen Q, Maiti P, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Chen Y, Reifel Miller A. The Discovery, Preclinical, and Early Clinical Development of Potent and Selective GPR40 Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (LY2881835, LY2922083, and LY2922470). J Med Chem 2016; 59:10891-10916. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chafiq Hamdouchi
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Steven D. Kahl
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Anjana Patel Lewis
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Guemalli R. Cardona
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Richard W. Zink
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Keyue Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Thomas E. Eessalu
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - James V. Ficorilli
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Marialuisa C. Marcelo
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Keith A. Otto
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kelly L. Wilbur
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jayana P. Lineswala
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jared L. Piper
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - D. Scott Coffey
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Sweetana
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joseph V. Haas
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Dawn A. Brooks
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | - Ruth M. Belin
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Mark A. Deeg
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Xiaosu Ma
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Ellen A. Cannady
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jason T. Johnson
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nathan P. Yumibe
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Pranab Maiti
- Jubilant Biosys Research Center, 560 022 Bangalore, India
| | - Chahrzad Montrose-Rafizadeh
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yanyun Chen
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Anne Reifel Miller
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, A division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly
Corporate Center, DC: 0540, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Z, Yang J, Wang X, Li H, Liu C, Wang N, Huang W, Qian H. Discovery of novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing triazole core via click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5449-5454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
45
|
Polavarapu PL. Determination of the Absolute Configurations of Chiral Drugs Using Chiroptical Spectroscopy. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081056. [PMID: 27529201 PMCID: PMC6273303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiroptical spectroscopy has emerged as a promising tool for the determination of absolute configurations and predominant conformations of chiral molecules in academic laboratories. This promise has led to the adaption of chiroptical spectroscopic methods as valuable tools in chiral drug discovery research programs of the pharmaceutical industry. Most major pharmaceutical companies have invested in in-house chiroptical spectroscopy applications and reported successful outcomes. In the context of continuously increasing applications of chiroptical spectroscopy for chiral molecular structure determination, a review of recent developments and applications for chiral drugs is presented in this manuscript.
Collapse
|
46
|
Alvarez-Curto E, Milligan G. Metabolism meets immunity: The role of free fatty acid receptors in the immune system. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 114:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
47
|
Li Z, Qiu Q, Geng X, Yang J, Huang W, Qian H. Free fatty acid receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: drugs in preclinical to phase II clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:871-90. [PMID: 27171154 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1189530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The alarming prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stimulated the exploitation of new antidiabetic drugs with extended durability and enhanced safety. In this regard, the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) and FFA4 have emerged as attractive targets in the last decade. FFA1 has prominent advantages in promoting insulin and incretin secretion while FFA4 shows great potential in incretin secretion, insulin sensitization and anti-inflammatory effects. AREA COVERED Herein, the authors focus specifically on FFA1 and FFA4 agonists in clinical trials and preclinical development. LY2922470, P11187 and SHR0534 are currently active in clinical trials while the CNX-011-67, SAR1, DS-1558 and BMS-986118 are in preclinical phase. The information for this review is retrieved from Integrity, Scifinder, Espacenet and clinicaltrials.gov databases. EXPERT OPINION Current proof-of-concept in clinical trials suggests that FFA1 agonists have a significant improvement for T2DM without the risk of hypoglycemia. However, there are still several challenging problems including the mechanism of the receptor and the efficacy and safety of the ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xinqian Geng
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Jianyong Yang
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Hai Qian
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Design, synthesis and Structure–activity relationship studies of new thiazole-based free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:246-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
49
|
Li Z, Pan M, Su X, Dai Y, Fu M, Cai X, Shi W, Huang W, Qian H. Discovery of novel pyrrole-based scaffold as potent and orally bioavailable free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1981-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
50
|
Sequential oxidation/thermal induced intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of propynol-vinylidenecyclopropanes: access to novel cyclobutene-containing spiro[2.3]hexenes. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|