1
|
Dutta S, Eyolfson S, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Wang X. Practical synthesis of isoindolines yields potent colistin potentiators for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4057-4061. [PMID: 38716633 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical one-pot synthesis of isoindolines from readily available starting materials was achieved under mild conditions by implementing an isoindole umpolung strategy. A variety of isoindolines were prepared with good to excellent yields. Biological screens of these identified compounds demonstrated that they are potent potentiators of colistin for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | - Samantha Eyolfson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gillard RM, Zhang J, Steel R, Wang J, Strull JL, Cai B, Chakraborty N, Boger DL. Aryl Annulation: A Powerful Simplifying Retrosynthetic Disconnection. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:118-133. [PMID: 38144170 PMCID: PMC10745204 DOI: 10.1055/a-1959-2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Retrosynthetic deconstruction of a core aromatic ring is an especially simplifying retrosynthetic step, reducing the complexity of the precursor synthetic target. Moreover, when implemented to provide a penultimate intermediate, it enables late-stage divergent aryl introductions, permitting deep-seated core aryl modifications ordinarily accessible only by independent synthesis. Herein, we highlight the use of a ketone carbonyl group as the functionality to direct such late-stage divergent aryl introductions onto a penultimate intermediate with a projected application in the total synthesis of vinblastine and its presently inaccessible analogs containing indole replacements. Although the studies highlight this presently unconventional strategy with an especially challenging target in mind, the increase in molecular complexity (intricacy) established by the synthetic implementation of the powerful retrosynthetic disconnection, the use of a ketone as the precursor enabling functionality, and with adoption of either conventional or new wave (hetero)aromatic annulations combine to define a general and powerful strategy suited for wide-spread implementation with near limitless scope in target diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Gillard
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Richard Steel
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jessica L. Strull
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nilanjana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rachmale M, Rajput N, Jadav T, Sahu AK, Tekade RK, Sengupta P. Implication of metabolomics and transporter modulation based strategies to minimize multidrug resistance and enhance site-specific bioavailability: a needful consideration toward modern anticancer drug discovery. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:101-119. [PMID: 35254954 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2048007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters (DMET) through activation of pregnane x receptor (PXR) is the primary factor involved in almost all bioavailability and drug resistance-related problems of anticancer drugs. PXR is a transcriptional regulator of many metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters proteins like p-glycoprotein (p-gp), multidrug resistant protein 1 and 2 (MRP 1 and 2), and breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP), etc. Several anticancer drugs are potent activators of PXR receptors and can modulate the gene expression of DMET proteins. Involvement of anticancer drugs in transcriptional regulation of DMET can prompt increased metabolism and efflux of their own or other co-administered drugs, which leads to poor site-specific bioavailability and increased drug resistance. In this review, we have discussed several novel strategies to evade drug-induced PXR activation and p-gp efflux including assessment of PXR ligand and p-gp substrate at early stages of drug discovery. Additionally, we have critically discussed the chemical structure and drug delivery-based approaches to avoid PXR binding and inhibit the p-gp activity of the drugs at their target sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rachmale
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Rajput
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarang Jadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh K Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Umar AR, Opoku E. Mechanistic studies on stereoselective domino [4 + 2]/retro[3 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of oxadiazoles with strained and unstrained cycloalkenes. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Li G, Lou M, Qi X. A brief overview of classical natural product drug synthesis and bioactivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01341f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pandey KP, Rahman MT, Cook JM. Bisindole Alkaloids from the Alstonia Species: Recent Isolation, Bioactivity, Biosynthesis, and Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113459. [PMID: 34200196 PMCID: PMC8201064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisindoles are structurally complex dimers and are intriguing targets for partial and total synthesis. They exhibit stronger biological activity than their corresponding monomeric units. Alkaloids, including those containing C-19 methyl-substitution in their monomeric units, their synthetic derivatives, and their mismatched pairs can be attractive targets for synthesis and may unlock better drug targets. We herein discuss the isolation of bisindoles from various Alstonia species, their bioactivity, putative biosynthesis, and synthesis. The total synthesis of macralstonidine, macralstonine, O-acetylmacralstonine, and dispegatrine, as well as the partial synthesis of alstonisidine, villalstonine, and macrocarpamine are also discussed in this review. The completion of the total synthesis of pleiocarpamine by Sato et al. completes the formal synthesis of the latter two bisindoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal P. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;
| | - Md Toufiqur Rahman
- RTI International, Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-414-614-0919
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang RH, Guo HY, Deng H, Li J, Quan ZS. Piperazine skeleton in the structural modification of natural products: a review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1165-1197. [PMID: 34080510 PMCID: PMC8183565 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine moiety is a cyclic molecule containing two nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4, as well as four carbon atoms. Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates with a wide range of applications. Over 100 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other activities, were reviewed. This article reviewed investigations regarding piperazine groups for the modification of natural product derivatives in the last decade, highlighting parameters that affect their biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Jinzi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boon BA, Yu YY, Boger DL. Total synthesis of (-)-4-desacetoxy-1-oxovindoline: Single atom exchange of an embedded core heteroatom in vindoline. Tetrahedron 2021; 87:132117. [PMID: 33994597 PMCID: PMC8117404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of (-)-4-desacetoxy-1-oxovindoline is disclosed, bearing a single heteroatom exchange in the core structure of the natural product 4-desacetoxyvindoline. Central to the synthesis is powerful oxadiazole intramolecular [4+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition cascade that formed four C-C bonds, created three new rings, and established five contiguous stereocenters about the new formed central 6-membered ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron A. Boon
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yi-Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayer S, Keglevich P, Keglevich A, Hazai L. New Anticancer Vinca Alkaloids in the Last Decade - A Mini-Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210216123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and pharmacology of the important Vinca alkaloids such as vinblastine
and vincristine used in anticancer therapy are still investigated widely. Several new
derivatives, e.g., vinflunine, vinorelbine, and vindesine, have been synthesized and become
successful medicines in anti-cancer therapy. In 2012, we published a paper that reviewed the
Vinca derivatives. Nevertheless, the interest in the preparation of new modified structures is
not decreasing either in recent years. In this review, the vinblastine-type molecules with several
substituents, e.g., amide, nitrile, hydrazide, substituted side chains, etc. in different positions
of catharanthine and/or vindoline cores are presented. An important part of the review is
the derivatization of the monomer alkaloid vindoline, which possesses no antitumor effect.
Additionally, new hybrid molecules of these alkaloids are also discussed in this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Mayer
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - Péter Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - András Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| | - László Hazai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, H-1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4,Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu ZC, Boger DL. The quest for supernatural products: the impact of total synthesis in complex natural products medicinal chemistry. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1511-1531. [PMID: 33169762 PMCID: PMC7678878 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2020This review presents select recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of complex natural products that are prepared by total synthesis. The underlying studies highlight enabling divergent synthetic strategies and methods that permit the systematic medicinal chemistry studies of key analogues bearing deep-seated structural changes not readily accessible by semisynthetic or biosynthetic means. Select and recent examples are detailed where the key structural changes are designed to improve defined properties or to overcome an intrinsic limitation of the natural product itself. In the examples presented, the synthetic efforts provided supernatural products, a term first introduced by our colleague Ryan Shenvi (Synlett, 2016, 27, 1145-1164), with properties superseding the parent natural product. The design principles and approaches for creating the supernatural products are highlighted with an emphasis on the properties addressed that include those that improve activity or potency, increase selectivity, enhance durability, broaden the spectrum of activity, improve chemical or metabolic stability, overcome limiting physical properties, add mechanisms of action, enhance PK properties, overcome drug resistance, and/or improve in vivo efficacy. Some such improvements may be regarded by some as iterative enhancements whereas others, we believe, truly live up to their characterization as supernatural products. Most such efforts are also accompanied by advances in synthetic organic chemistry, inspiring the development of new synthetic methodology and providing supernatural products with improved synthetic accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim HK, Bui TT. Lanthanum(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Ureas from N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-Allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl-Protected Amines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel lanthanum triflate mediated conversion of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-protected amines into nonsymmetric ureas was discovered. In this study, lanthanum triflate was found to be an effective catalyst for preparing various nonsymmetric ureas from protected amines. A variety of protected aromatic and aliphatic carbamates reacted readily with various amines in the presence of lanthanum triflate to generate the desired ureas in high yields. This result demonstrated that this novel lanthanum triflate catalyzed preparation of ureas from Cbz, Alloc, and Troc carbamates can be employed for the formation of various urea structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robinson K, Tiriveedhi V. Perplexing Role of P-Glycoprotein in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:265. [PMID: 32195185 PMCID: PMC7066112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) still remains a major obstacle to the long-term success of cancer therapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a well-identified membrane transporter with capability to efflux drug molecules out of the cancer cell leading to reduced efficiency of chemotherapy. Cancer cells upregulate P-gp expression as an adaptive response to evade chemotherapy mediated cell death. While several P-gp inhibitors have been discovered by in silico and pre-clinical studies, very few have successfully passed all phases of the clinical trials. Studies show that application of P-gp inhibitors in cancer therapy regimen following development of MDR achieved limited beneficial outcomes. While, the non-specific substrate binding to P-gp has made the drug-design a challenge, a bigger perplexing challenge comes from its role in tumor immunology. Expression of P-gp was noted immune cell phenotypes with apparently antagonistic functionality. Both pro-tumor MΦ2-macrophages and, anti-tumor NK-cell and Th17/CD4+T cell subsets have shown enhanced expression of P-gp. While drug based inhibition of P-gp in pro-tumor immune cell phenotypes could promote tumor elimination, however, it would not be a rational choice to exert inhibition of P-gp on anti-tumor immune cell phenotypes. This mutually exclusive paradigm of P-gp functionality requires a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of its role in tumor microenvironment with active interplay of cancer and immune cells in the tumor mileu. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the role of P-gp in cancer cells and immune cells and finally attempt to highlight some caveats in the current understanding of its role in comprehensive tumor microenvironment along with challenges in the development of P-gp inhibitors toward anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kianna Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mongre RK, Mishra CB, Prakash A, Jung S, Lee BS, Kumari S, Hong JT, Lee MS. Novel Carbazole-Piperazine Hybrid Small Molecule Induces Apoptosis by Targeting BCL-2 and Inhibits Tumor Progression in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Vitro and Xenograft Mice Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1245. [PMID: 31450709 PMCID: PMC6770606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a type of deadly cancer and a leading cause of cancer associated death worldwide. BCL-2 protein is considered as an imperative target for the treatment of cancer due to their significant involvement in cell survival and death. A carbazole-piperazine hybrid molecule ECPU-0001 was designed and synthesized as a potent BCL-2 targeting agent with effective anticancer cancer activity. Interaction of ECPU-001 has been assessed by docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and thermal shift assay. Further, in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity was executed by cytotoxicity assay, FACS, colony formation and migration assay, western blotting, immunocyto/histochemistry and xenograft nude mice model. Molecular docking and MD simulation study confirmed that ECPU-0001 nicely interacts with the active site of BCL-2 by displaying a Ki value of 5.72 µM and binding energy (ΔG) of -8.35 kcal/mol. Thermal shift assay also validated strong interaction of this compound with BCL-2. ECPU-0001 effectively exerted a cytotoxic effect against lung adenocarnoma cells A459 with an IC50 value of 1.779 µM. Molecular mechanism of action have also been investigated and found that ECPU-0001 induced apoptosis in A459 cell by targeting BCL-2 to induce intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Administration of ECPU-0001 significantly inhibited progression of tumor in a xenograft model without exerting severe toxicity and remarkably reduced tumor volume as well as tumor burden in treated animals. Our investigation bestowed ECPU-0001 as an effective tumoricidal agent which exhibited impressive anticancer activity in vitro as well as in vivo by targeting BCL-2 associated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Thus, ECPU-0001 may provide a valuable input for therapy of lung adenosarcoma in future, however, further extensive investigation of this compound will be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Mongre
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon gil-52, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health (AIISH), Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurgaon 122413, India
| | - Samil Jung
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon gil-52, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Beom Suk Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon gil-52, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Hyochangwon gil-52, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Shukla V, Boger DL. Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Heterocyclic Azadienes, 1-Aza-1,3-Butadienes, Cyclopropenone Ketals, and Related Systems. A Retrospective. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9397-9445. [PMID: 31062977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A summary of the investigation and applications of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction is provided that have been conducted in our laboratory over a period that now spans more than 35 years. The work, which continues to provide solutions to complex synthetic challenges, is presented in the context of more than 70 natural product total syntheses in which the reactions served as a key strategic step in the approach. The studies include the development and use of the cycloaddition reactions of heterocyclic azadienes (1,2,4,5-tetrazines; 1,2,4-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,3-triazines; 1,2-diazines; and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles), 1-aza-1,3-butadienes, α-pyrones, and cyclopropenone ketals. Their applications illustrate the power of the methodology, often provided concise and nonobvious total syntheses of the targeted natural products, typically were extended to the synthesis of analogues that contain deep-seated structural changes in more comprehensive studies to explore or optimize their biological properties, and highlight a wealth of opportunities not yet tapped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radakovic A, Boger DL. Ultra-potent vinblastine analogues improve on-target activity of the parent microtubulin-targeting compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1370-1374. [PMID: 30952593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent efforts, several C20' urea vinblastine analogues were discovered that displayed remarkable potency against vinblastine-sensitive tumor cell lines (IC50 50-75 pM), being roughly 100-fold more potent than vinblastine, and that exhibited decreased susceptibility to Pgp efflux-derived resistance in a vinblastine-resistant cell line. Their extraordinary activity indicate that it is not likely or even possible that their cellular functional activity is derived from stoichiometric occupancy of the intracellular tubulin binding sites. Rather, their potency indicates sub-stoichiometric or even catalytic occupancy of candidate binding sites may be sufficient to disrupt tubulin dynamics or microtubule assembly during mitosis. We detail efforts to delineate the underlying behavior responsible for the increased potency and show that the ultra-potent extended C20' ureas retain the mechanistic behavior of vinblastine, display enhanced affinity for tubulin and on-target activity approximately 100-fold both in vitro and in HeLa cells, but do not show evidence of catalytic disassembly of microtubulin. We also use the analogues to show that, in live interphase cells, the effects of the vinblastine class of drugs do not display a catastrophic effect on the microtubule skeleton, but rather a subtler insult to its dynamicity, acting as sub-stoichiometric drugs that inhibit normal microtubulin maturation and dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huffman BJ, Shenvi RA. Natural Products in the "Marketplace": Interfacing Synthesis and Biology. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3332-3346. [PMID: 30682249 PMCID: PMC6446556 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drugs are discovered through the biological screening of collections of compounds, followed by optimization toward functional end points. The properties of screening collections are often balanced between diversity, physicochemical favorability, intrinsic complexity, and synthetic tractability (Huggins, D. J.; et al. ACS Chem. Biol. 2011, 6, 208; DOI: 10.1021/cb100420r ). Whereas natural product (NP) collections excel in the first three attributes, NPs suffer a disadvantage on the last point. Academic total synthesis research has worked to solve this problem by devising syntheses of NP leads, diversifying late-stage intermediates, or derivatizing the NP target. This work has led to the discovery of reaction mechanisms, the invention of new methods, and the development of FDA-approved drugs. Few drugs, however, are themselves NPs; instead, NP analogues predominate. Here we highlight past examples of NP analogue development and successful NP-derived drugs. More recently, chemists have explored how NP analogues alter the retrosynthetic analysis of complex scaffolds, merging structural design and synthetic design. This strategy maintains the intrinsic complexity of the NP but can alter the physicochemical properties of the scaffold, like core instability that renders the NP a poor chemotype. Focused libraries based on these syntheses may exclude the NP but maintain the molecular properties that distinguish NP space from synthetic space (Stratton, C. F.; et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2015, 25, 4802; DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.014 ), properties that have statistical advantages in clinical progression (Luker, T.; et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, 21, 5673, DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.074 ; Ritchie, T. J.; Macdonald, S. J. F. Drug Discovery Today 2009, 14, 1011, DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.014 ). Research that expedites synthetic access to NP motifs can prevent homogeneity of chemical matter available for lead discovery. Easily accessed, focused libraries of NP scaffolds can fill empty but active gaps in screening sets and expand the molecular diversity of synthetic collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Xu Z, Li A, Zhang Z, Xu S. Double-sides sticking mechanism of vinblastine interacting with α,β-tubulin to get activity against cancer cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:4080-4091. [PMID: 30451089 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1539412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vinblastine (VLB) and its derivatives have been used for clinical first-line drugs to treat various cancers. Due to the resistance and serious side effects from using VLB and its derivatives, there is a need to discover and develop novel VLB derivatives with high activity against cancer cells. In order to better discover and develop new VLB derivatives, we need to study the structural basis of VLB's anti-cancer cytotoxicity and the mechanism of its interaction with α,β-tubulins. Based on the crystal structure of α,β-microtubule complex protein, the molecular dynamics method including the sampling PMF method was used to study the variation of dissociation free energy (ΔG) of α,β-tubulins under different system conditions, and then from which to study the mechanism of the interaction between VLB and α,β-tubulins. The obtained results show that the dissociation of pure α,β-tubulins requires 197.8 kJ·mol-1 for ΔG. When the VLB molecule exists between the interface of α,β-tubulins, the dissociation ΔG of α,β-tubulins reaches 220.5 kJ·mol-1, which is greater than that of pure α,β-tubulin. The VLB molecule is formed by connecting a vindoline moiety (VM) molecule with a catharanthine moiety (CM) molecule through a carbon-carbon bond, which is a larger molecule. When the CM molecule exists in the middle of α,β-tubulin interface, the dissociation ΔG of α,β-tubulins is 46.2 kJ·mol-1, during which the CM moves with β-tubulin. When the VM molecule exists between the middle of α,β-tubulin interface, the dissociation ΔG of α,β-tubulins is 86.7 kJ·mol-1, during which it moves with α-tubulin. Therefore, the VLB molecule is like a double-sides tape to stick α-tubulin and β-tubulin together. The VLB molecule intervenes the dynamic equilibrium between dissociation and aggregation of α-tubulin and β-tubulin by a double-sides sticking mechanism to exert high activity with toxicity against cancer cell. Besides, our results demonstrate that VLB has its structural basis for anticancer cytotoxicity due to its two compositions composed of a CM molecule and a VM molecule although they have little toxicity against cancer cell alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhou
- a 1 College of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University , Kunming , P. R. China
| | - Zeren Xu
- a 1 College of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University , Kunming , P. R. China
| | - Aijing Li
- a 1 College of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University , Kunming , P. R. China
| | - Zhengqiong Zhang
- a 1 College of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University , Kunming , P. R. China
| | - Sichuan Xu
- a 1 College of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University , Kunming , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma X, Herzon SB. Cobalt bis(acetylacetonate)- tert-butyl hydroperoxide-triethylsilane: a general reagent combination for the Markovnikov-selective hydrofunctionalization of alkenes by hydrogen atom transfer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2259-2265. [PMID: 30202480 PMCID: PMC6122341 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that cobalt bis(acetylacetonate) [Co(acac)2], tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and triethylsilane (Et3SiH) constitute an inexpensive, general, and practical reagent combination to initiate a broad range of Markovnikov-selective alkene hydrofunctionalization reactions. These transformations are believed to proceed by cobalt-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to the alkene substrate, followed by interception of the resulting alkyl radical intermediate with a SOMOphile. In addition, we report the first reductive couplings of unactivated alkenes and aryldiazonium salts by an HAT pathway. The simplicity and generality of the Co(acac)2–TBHP–Et3SiH reagent combination suggests it as a useful starting point to develop HAT reactions in complex settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chemical and biological evaluation of moxifloxacin-benzimidazole mixed ligands complexes: Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Martino E, Casamassima G, Castiglione S, Cellupica E, Pantalone S, Papagni F, Rui M, Siciliano AM, Collina S. Vinca alkaloids and analogues as anti-cancer agents: Looking back, peering ahead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2816-2826. [PMID: 30122223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer still represents a "nightmare" worldwide, causing annually millions of victims. Several antiproliferative molecules are currently used as drugs market and offer a pharmaceutical opportunity for attenuating and treating tumor manifestations. In this context, natural sources have a relevant role, since they provide the 60% of currently-used anticancer agents. Among the numerous natural products, acting via different mechanisms of action, microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have a high therapeutic potential, since they disrupt the abnormal cancer cell growth, interfering with the continuous mitotic division. Vinca alkaloids (VAs) are the earliest developed MTAs and approved for clinical use (Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Vindesine, and Vinflunine) as agents in the treatment of hematological and lymphatic neoplasms. Here, we review the state-of-art of VAs, discussing their mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties and highlighting their therapeutic relevance and toxicological profile. Additionally, we briefly disclosed the technological approaches faced so far to ameliorate the pharmacological properties, as well as to avoid the drug resistance. Lastly, we introduced the recent advances in the discovery of new derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Casamassima
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sonia Castiglione
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cellupica
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Pantalone
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Papagni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Marika Siciliano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
High expression of class III β-tubulin has no impact on functional cancer cell growth inhibition of a series of key vinblastine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:863-865. [PMID: 29439899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical association studies have implicated high expression of class III β-tubulin as a predictive factor for lower response rates and reduced overall survival in patients receiving tubulin binding drugs, most notably the taxanes. Because of the implications, we examined a series of key vinblastine analogs that emerged from our studies in functional cell growth inhibition assays for their sensitivity to high expression of class III β-tubulin (human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 vs taxol-resistant A549-T24). Unlike taxol, vinblastine and a set of key analogs 3-10 did not exhibit any loss in sensitivity toward A549-T24. The results suggest that vinblastine and related analogs are not likely prone to resistance derived from high expression of class III β-tubulin unlike the taxanes. Most significant are the results with 4-6, a subset of 20' amide vinblastine analogs. They match or exceed the potency of vinblastine and they display more potent activity against taxol-resistant A549-T24 than even wild type A549 cells (1.2-2-fold), complementing our prior observations that they also display no sensitivity to overexpression of Pgp (HCT116/VM46 vs HCT116) and are not subject to resistance derived from Pgp efflux.
Collapse
|
22
|
Waghray D, Zhang Q. Inhibit or Evade Multidrug Resistance P-Glycoprotein in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2017; 61:5108-5121. [PMID: 29251920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a promiscuous drug efflux pump, has been extensively studied for its association with MDR due to overexpression in cancer cells. Several P-gp inhibitors or modulators have been investigated in clinical trials in hope of circumventing MDR, with only limited success. Alternative strategies are actively pursued, such as the modification of existing drugs, development of new drugs, or combination of novel drug delivery agents to evade P-gp-dependent efflux. Despite the importance and numerous studies, these efforts have mostly been undertaken without a priori knowledge of how drugs interact with P-gp at the molecular level. This review highlights and discusses progress toward and challenges impeding drug development for inhibiting or evading P-gp in the context of our improved understanding of the structural basis and mechanism of P-gp-mediated MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Waghray
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boger DL. The Difference a Single Atom Can Make: Synthesis and Design at the Chemistry-Biology Interface. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11961-11980. [PMID: 28945374 PMCID: PMC5712263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A Perspective of work in our laboratory on the examination of biologically active compounds, especially natural products, is presented. In the context of individual programs and along with a summary of our work, selected cases are presented that illustrate the impact single atom changes can have on the biological properties of the compounds. The examples were chosen to highlight single heavy atom changes that improve activity, rather than those that involve informative alterations that reduce or abolish activity. The examples were also chosen to illustrate that the impact of such single-atom changes can originate from steric, electronic, conformational, or H-bonding effects, from changes in functional reactivity, from fundamental intermolecular interactions with a biological target, from introduction of a new or altered functionalization site, or from features as simple as improvements in stability or physical properties. Nearly all the examples highlighted represent not only unusual instances of productive deep-seated natural product modifications and were introduced through total synthesis but are also remarkable in that they are derived from only a single heavy atom change in the structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Research Institute, The Scripps
Research Institute, 10550
North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lukesh JC, Carney DW, Dong H, Cross RM, Shukla V, Duncan KK, Yang S, Brody DM, Brütsch MM, Radakovic A, Boger DL. Vinblastine 20' Amides: Synthetic Analogues That Maintain or Improve Potency and Simultaneously Overcome Pgp-Derived Efflux and Resistance. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7591-7604. [PMID: 28857558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 180 vinblastine 20' amides were prepared in three steps from commercially available starting materials, systematically exploring a typically inaccessible site in the molecule enlisting a powerful functionalization strategy. Clear structure-activity relationships and a structural model were developed in the studies which provided many such 20' amides that exhibit substantial and some even remarkable enhancements in potency, many that exhibit further improvements in activity against a Pgp overexpressing resistant cancer cell line, and an important subset of the vinblastine analogues that display little or no differential in activity against a matched pair of vinblastine sensitive and resistant (Pgp overexpressing) cell lines. The improvements in potency directly correlated with target tubulin binding affinity, and the reduction in differential functional activity against the sensitive and Pgp overexpressing resistant cell lines was found to correlate directly with an impact on Pgp-derived efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Huijun Dong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - R Matthew Cross
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katharine K Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel M Brody
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manuela M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Allemann O, Cross RM, Brütsch MM, Radakovic A, Boger DL. Key analogs of a uniquely potent synthetic vinblastine that contain modifications of the C20' ethyl substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3055-3059. [PMID: 28551101 PMCID: PMC5538265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A key series of vinblastine analogs 7-13, which contain modifications to the C20' ethyl group, was prepared with use of two distinct synthetic approaches that provide modifications of the C20' side chain containing linear and cyclized alkyl groups or added functionalized substituents. Their examination revealed the unique nature of the improved properties of the synthetic vinblastine 6, offers insights into the origins of its increased tubulin binding affinity and 10-fold improved cell growth inhibition potency, and served to probe a small hydrophobic pocket anchoring the binding of vinblastine with tubulin. Especially noteworthy were the trends observed with substitution of the terminal carbon of the ethyl group that, with the exception of 9 (R=F vs H, equipotent), led to remarkably substantial reductions in activity (>10-fold): R=F (equipotent with H)>N3, CN (10-fold)>Me (50-fold)>Et (100-fold)>OH (inactive). This is in sharp contrast to the maintained (7) or enhanced activity (6) observed with its incorporation into a cyclic C20'/C15'-fused six-membered ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Allemann
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - R Matthew Cross
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Manuela M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma X, Dang H, Rose JA, Rablen P, Herzon SB. Hydroheteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using N-Methoxyheteroarenium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5998-6007. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hester Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - John A. Rose
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Paul Rablen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gherbovet O, García Alvarez MC, Bignon J, Roussi F. Original Vinca Derivatives: From P-Glycoprotein Substrates to P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10774-10780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gherbovet
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - María Concepción García Alvarez
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Centre de Recherche de Gif,
Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 du CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang S, Sankar K, Skepper CK, Barker TJ, Lukesh JC, Brody DM, Brütsch MM, Boger DL. Total synthesis of a key series of vinblastines modified at C4 that define the importance and surprising trends in activity. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1560-1569. [PMID: 28194270 PMCID: PMC5302862 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanded scope of a powerful oxadiazole cycloaddition cascade was used for the total synthesis of 17 synthetic vinblastines systematically modified at C4. Their evaluation defined a surprisingly significant impact and provided an unrecognized role of the C4 substituent on activity.
The total synthesis and evaluation of a key systematic series of vinblastines that incorporate the first deep-seated changes to the substituent at C4 are detailed. The synthetic approach features an expanded and redefined scope of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade in which electronically mismatched electron-deficient trisubstituted alkenes and unactivated trisubstituted alkenes were found to productively initiate the cycloaddition cascade with tethered electron-deficient 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Such cycloaddition cascades were used to directly introduce altered C4 substituents, providing the basis for concise total syntheses of a series of C4 modified vindolines and their subsequent single-step incorporation into the corresponding synthetic vinblastines in routes as short as 8–12 steps. Evaluation of the synthetic vinblastines revealed a surprisingly large impact and role of the C4 substituent on activity even though it was previously not thought to intimately interact with the biological target tubulin. Only the introduction of a C4 methyl ester, a constitutional isomer of vinblastine in which the carbonyl carbon and ester oxygen of the C4 acetate are transposed, provided a synthetic vinblastine that matched the potency of the natural product. In contrast, even introduction of a C4 acetamide or N-methyl carboxamide, which incorporate single heavy atom exchanges (amide NH for ester oxygen) in vinblastine or the C4 methyl ester, provided compounds that were ≥10-fold less active than vinblastine. Other C4 acetate replacements, including a C4 amine, carboxylic acid, hydroxymethyl or acetoxymethyl group, led to even greater reductions in potency. Even replacement of the C4 acetoxy group or its equally active C4 methyl ester with an ethyl or isopropyl ester led to 10-fold or more reductions in activity. These remarkable trends in activity, which correlate with relative tubulin binding affinities, retrospectively may be ascribed to the role the substituent serves as a H-bond acceptor for α-tubulin Lys336 and Asn329 side chains at a site less tolerant of a H-bond donor, placing the methyl group of the C4 acetate or C4 methyl ester in a spatially restricted and well-defined hydrophobic half pocket created by a surrounding well-ordered loop. This remarkable impact of the C4 substituent, its stringency, and even the magnitude of its effect are extraordinary, and indicate that its presence was selected in Nature to enhance the effects of vinblastine and related natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Kuppusamy Sankar
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Colin K Skepper
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Timothy J Barker
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - John C Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Daniel M Brody
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Manuela M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Targeted drug delivery through the traceless release of tertiary and heteroaryl amines from antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Chem 2016; 8:1112-1119. [PMID: 27874860 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The reversible attachment of a small-molecule drug to a carrier for targeted delivery can improve pharmacokinetics and the therapeutic index. Previous studies have reported the delivery of molecules that contain primary and secondary amines via an amide or carbamate bond; however, the ability to employ tertiary-amine-containing bioactive molecules has been elusive. Here we describe a bioreversible linkage based on a quaternary ammonium that can be used to connect a broad array of tertiary and heteroaryl amines to a carrier protein. Using a concise, protecting-group-free synthesis we demonstrate the chemoselective modification of 12 complex molecules that contain a range of reactive functional groups. We also show the utility of this connection with both protease-cleavable and reductively cleavable antibody-drug conjugates that were effective and stable in vitro and in vivo. Studies with a tertiary-amine-containing antibiotic show that the resulting antibody-antibiotic conjugate provided appropriate stability and release characteristics and led to an unexpected improvement in activity over the conjugates previously connected via a carbamate.
Collapse
|
30
|
Crossley SWM, Obradors C, Martinez RM, Shenvi RA. Mn-, Fe-, and Co-Catalyzed Radical Hydrofunctionalizations of Olefins. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8912-9000. [PMID: 27461578 PMCID: PMC5872827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor-mimetic aerobic oxidation has conceptually merged with catalysis of syngas reactions to form a wide range of Markovnikov-selective olefin radical hydrofunctionalizations. We cover the development of the field and review contributions to reaction invention, mechanism, and application to complex molecule synthesis. We also provide a mechanistic framework for understanding this compendium of radical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carla Obradors
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruben M Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ultrapotent vinblastines in which added molecular complexity further disrupts the target tubulin dimer-dimer interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9691-8. [PMID: 27512044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611405113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches to improving the biological properties of natural products typically strive to modify their structures to identify the essential pharmacophore, or make functional group changes to improve biological target affinity or functional activity, change physical properties, enhance stability, or introduce conformational constraints. Aside from accessible semisynthetic modifications of existing functional groups, rarely does one consider using chemical synthesis to add molecular complexity to the natural product. In part, this may be attributed to the added challenge intrinsic in the synthesis of an even more complex compound. Herein, we report synthetically derived, structurally more complex vinblastines inaccessible from the natural product itself that are a stunning 100-fold more active (IC50 values, 50-75 pM vs. 7 nM; HCT116), and that are now accessible because of advances in the total synthesis of the natural product. The newly discovered ultrapotent vinblastines, which may look highly unusual upon first inspection, bind tubulin with much higher affinity and likely further disrupt the tubulin head-to-tail α/β dimer-dimer interaction by virtue of the strategic placement of an added conformationally well-defined, rigid, and extended C20' urea along the adjacent continuing protein-protein interface. In this case, the added molecular complexity was used to markedly enhance target binding and functional biological activity (100-fold), and likely represents a general approach to improving the properties of other natural products targeting a protein-protein interaction.
Collapse
|
32
|
Allemann O, Brutsch M, Lukesh JC, Brody DM, Boger DL. Synthesis of a Potent Vinblastine: Rationally Designed Added Benign Complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8376-9. [PMID: 27356080 PMCID: PMC4945418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products, including vinblastine, have not been easily subjected to simplifications in their structures by synthetic means or modifications by late-stage semisynthetic derivatization in ways that enhance their biological potency. Herein, we detail a synthetic vinblastine that incorporates added benign complexity (ABC), which improves activity 10-fold, and is now accessible as a result of advances in the total synthesis of the natural product. The compound incorporates designed added molecular complexity but no new functional groups and maintains all existing structural and conformational features of the natural product. It constitutes a member of an analogue class presently inaccessible by semisynthetic derivatization of the natural product, by its late-stage functionalization, or by biosynthetic means. Rather, it was accessed by synthetic means, using an appropriately modified powerful penultimate single-step vindoline-catharanthine coupling strategy that proceeds with a higher diastereoselectivity than found for the natural product itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Allemann
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manuela Brutsch
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John C. Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel M. Brody
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pironetin reacts covalently with cysteine-316 of α-tubulin to destabilize microtubule. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12103. [PMID: 27357539 PMCID: PMC4931326 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules that alter the normal dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly include many anticancer drugs in clinical use. So far all such therapeutics target β-tubulin, and structural biology has explained the basis of their action and permitted design of new drugs. However, by shifting the profile of β-tubulin isoforms, cancer cells become resistant to treatment. Compounds that bind to α-tubulin are less well characterized and unexploited. The natural product pironetin is known to bind to α-tubulin and is a potent inhibitor of microtubule polymerization. Previous reports had identified that pironetin reacts with lysine-352 residue however analogues designed on this model had much lower potency, which was difficult to explain, hindering further development. We report crystallographic and mass spectrometric data that reveal that pironetin forms a covalent bond to cysteine-316 in α-tubulin via a Michael addition reaction. These data provide a basis for the rational design of α-tubulin targeting chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sears JE, Boger DL. Tandem Intramolecular Diels-Alder/1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Initial Scope and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:241-51. [PMID: 26813287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A summary of the development and initial studies on the scope of a powerful tandem intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles is detailed and provides the foundation for its subsequent use in organic synthesis. Implemented with substrates in which both the initiating dienophile and subsequent dipolarophile are tethered to the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, the studies expanded the scope of oxadiazoles that participate in the reaction cascade, permitted the use of differentiated dienophiles and dipolarophiles, extended their use to unsymmetrical dienophiles and dipolarophiles, provided exclusive control of the cycloaddition regioselectivities, and imposed exquisite control on the cycloaddition stereochemistry. As key reactivity and stereochemical features of the reactions were being defined, the cascade cycloaddition reaction was implemented in the total synthesis of a series of alkaloids including (-)-vindoline, (-)-vindorosine, the closely related natural products (+)-4-desacetoxyvindoline and (+)-4-desacetoxyvindorosine, natural minovine, (+)-N-methylaspidospermidine, (+)-spegazzinine, (-)-aspidospermine, and a number of key analogues. Most recently, it was used in the divergent total syntheses of (+)-fendleridine, (-)-kopsinine, (-)-kopsifoline D, and (-)-deoxoapodine, in which four different strategic bonds in four different classes of the hexacyclic alkaloids were formed from a common cascade cycloaddition intermediate. A large number of vindoline analogues were prepared by variations on the cascade cycloaddition reaction for single step incorporation into analogues of vinblastine. These structural changes to vindoline permitted both systematic alterations to the peripheral substituents as well as deep-seated changes to the core structure and embedded functionality of vinblastine not previously accessible. Although explored initially for accessing vindoline and vinblastine, the use of the cycloaddition cascade in the total synthesis of an impressive range of additional natural products illustrate the power of the methodology. Alternative tethering strategies for the cascade cycloaddition reaction, combined intramolecular and intermolecular variants of either the initiating Diels-Alder reaction or the subsequent carbonyl ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, an expanded examination of the tethered dipolarophile scope, and applications to additional natural product classes represent attractive areas for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee A, Kim HK, Thompson DH. A Facile Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrical Ureas Utilizing Zirconium(IV) Chloride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Myongji University; Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital; Jeonju 561-712 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim HK, Lee A. Facile one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates from Cbz-protected amines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7345-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Alehashem MS, Lim CG, Thomas NF. The radical cation mediated cleavage of catharanthine leading to the vinblastine type alkaloids: implications for total synthesis and drug design. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of the Boger and Kutney mechanistic interpretations for the FeCl3 promoted oxidative coupling of vindoline and catharanthine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan-Gee Lim
- Environmental and Bioprocess Technology Centre
- SIRIM Berhad
- 40000 Shah Alam
- Malaysia
| | - Noel F. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ngo QA, Nguyen LA, Vo NB, Nguyen TH, Roussi F, Nguyen TH, Nguyen VT. Synthesis and antiproliferativeactivity of new vinca alkaloids containing an α,β-unsaturated aromatic side chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5597-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
40
|
Ilkei V, Bana P, Tóth F, Palló A, Holczbauer T, Czugler M, Sánta Z, Dékány M, Szigetvári Á, Hazai L, Szántay C, Szántay C, Kalaus G. A simple synthesis of bannucine and 5′-epibannucine from (−)-vindoline. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Sears JE, Barker TJ, Boger DL. Total Synthesis of (-)-Vindoline and (+)-4-epi-Vindoline Based on a 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tandem Intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Cascade Initiated by an Allene Dienophile. Org Lett 2015; 17:5460-3. [PMID: 26457536 PMCID: PMC4636949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that an allene dienophile can initiate a tandem intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, that the intermediate cross-conjugated 1,3-dipole (a carbonyl ylide) can participate in an ensuing [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition in a remarkably effective manner, and that the reaction can be implemented to provide the core pentacyclic ring system of vindoline. Its discovery improves a previous total synthesis of (-)-vindoline and was used in a total synthesis of (+)-4-epi-vindoline and (+)-4-epi-vinblastine that additionally enlists an alternative series of late-stage transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Timothy J. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-kopsinine and its unnatural enantiomer is detailed, enlisting a late-stage SmI2-mediated transannular free radical conjugate addition reaction for construction of the core bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system with strategic C21-C2 bond formation. Key to the approach is assemblage of the underlying skeleton by an intramolecular [4+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition cascade of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole that provided the precursor C21 functionalized pentacyclic ring system 1 in a single step in which the C3 methyl ester found in the natural product served as a key 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituent, activating it for participation in the initiating Diels-Alder reaction and stabilizing the intermediate 1,3-dipole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sears JE, Boger DL. Total synthesis of vinblastine, related natural products, and key analogues and development of inspired methodology suitable for the systematic study of their structure-function properties. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:653-62. [PMID: 25586069 PMCID: PMC4363169 DOI: 10.1021/ar500400w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active natural products composed of fascinatingly complex structures are often regarded as not amenable to traditional systematic structure-function studies enlisted in medicinal chemistry for the optimization of their properties beyond what might be accomplished by semisynthetic modification. Herein, we summarize our recent studies on the Vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, often considered as prototypical members of such natural products, that not only inspired the development of powerful new synthetic methodology designed to expedite their total synthesis but have subsequently led to the discovery of several distinct classes of new, more potent, and previously inaccessible analogues. With use of the newly developed methodology and in addition to ongoing efforts to systematically define the importance of each embedded structural feature of vinblastine, two classes of analogues already have been discovered that enhance the potency of the natural products >10-fold. In one instance, remarkable progress has also been made on the refractory problem of reducing Pgp transport responsible for clinical resistance with a series of derivatives made accessible only using the newly developed synthetic methodology. Unlike the removal of vinblastine structural features or substituents, which typically has a detrimental impact, the additions of new structural features have been found that can enhance target tubulin binding affinity and functional activity while simultaneously disrupting Pgp binding, transport, and functional resistance. Already analogues are in hand that are deserving of full preclinical development, and it is a tribute to the advances in organic synthesis that they are readily accessible even on a natural product of a complexity once thought refractory to such an approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chi S, Xie W, Zhang J, Xu S. Theoretical insight into the structural mechanism for the binding of vinblastine with tubulin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2234-54. [PMID: 25588192 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.999256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vinblastine (VLB) is one of vinca alkaloids with high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells approved for clinical use. However, because of drug resistance, toxicity, and other side effects caused from the use of VLB, new vinca alkaloids with higher cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and other good qualities need to develop. One strategy is to further study and better understand the essence why VLB possesses the high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. In present work, by using molecular simulation, molecular docking, density functional calculation, and the crystal structure of α,β-tubulin complex, we find two modes labeled in catharanthine moiety (CM) and vindoline moiety (VM) modes of VLB bound with the interface of α,β-tubulin to probe the essence why VLB has the high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. In the CM mode, nine key residues B-Ser178, B-Asp179, B-Glu183, B-Tyr210, B-Asp226, C-Lys326, C-Asp327, C-Lys336, and C-Lys352 from the α,β-tubulin complex are determined as the active sites for the interaction of VLB with α,β-tubulin. Some of them such as B-Ser178, B-Glu183, B-Tyr210, B-Asp226, C-Lys326, C-Asp327, and C-Lys336 are newly identified as the active sites in present work. The affinity between VLB and the active pocket within the interface of α,β-tubulin is -60.8 kJ mol(-1) in the CM mode. In the VM mode, that is a new mode established in present paper, nine similar key residues B-Lys176, B-Ser178, B-Asp179, B-Glu183, B-Tyr210, B-Asp226, C-Lys326, C-Asp327, and C-Lys336 from the α,β-tubulin complex are found as the active sites for the interaction with VLB. The difference is from one key residue C-Lys352 in the CM mode changed to the key residue B-Lys176 in the VM mode. The affinity between VLB and the active pocket within the interface of α,β-tubulin is -96.3 kJ mol(-1) in the VM mode. Based on the results obtained in present work, and because VLB looks like two faces, composed of CM and VM both to have similar polar active groups, to interact with the active sites, we suggest double-faces sticking mechanism for the binding of VLB to the interface of α,β-tubulin. The double-faces sticking mechanism can be used to qualitatively explain high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells of vinca alkaloids including vinblastine, vincristine, vindestine, and vinorelbine approved for clinical use and vinflunine still in a phase III clinical trial. Furthermore, this mechanism will be applied to develop novel vinca alkaloids with much higher cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Chi
- a Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource , College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
A mini review on pyridoacridines: Prospective lead compounds in medicinal chemistry. J Adv Res 2014; 6:63-71. [PMID: 25685544 PMCID: PMC4293674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are increasingly being considered “critical and important” in drug discovery paradigms as a number of them such as camptothecin, penicillin, and vincristine serve as “lead molecules” for the discovery of potent compounds of therapeutic interests namely irinotecan, penicillin G, vinblastine respectively. Derived compounds of pharmacological interests displayed a wide variety of activity viz. anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-protozoal, etc.; when modifications or derivatizations are performed on a parent moiety representing the corresponding derivatives. Pyridoacridine is such a moiety which forms the basic structure of numerous medicinally important natural products such as, but not limited to, amphimedine, ascididemin, eilatin, and sampangine. Interestingly, synthetic analogues of natural pyridoacridine exhibit diverse pharmacological activities and in view of these, natural pyridoacridines can be considered as “lead compounds”. This review additionally provides a brief but critical account of inherent structure activity relationships among various subclasses of pyridoacridines. Furthermore, the current aspects and future prospects of natural pyridoacridines are detailed for further reference and consideration.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee K, Boger DL. Total syntheses of (-)-kopsifoline D and (-)-deoxoapodine: divergent total synthesis via late-stage key strategic bond formation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3312-7. [PMID: 24499015 PMCID: PMC3985950 DOI: 10.1021/ja500548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Divergent total syntheses of (-)-kopsifoline D and (-)-deoxoapodine are detailed from a common pentacyclic intermediate 15, enlisting the late-stage formation of two different key strategic bonds (C21-C3 and C21-O-C6) unique to their hexacyclic ring systems that are complementary to its prior use in the total syntheses of kopsinine (C21-C2 bond formation) and (+)-fendleridine (C21-O-C19 bond formation). The combined efforts represent the total syntheses of members of four classes of natural products from a common intermediate functionalized for late-stage formation of four different key strategic bonds uniquely embedded in each natural product core structure. Key to the first reported total synthesis of a kopsifoline that is detailed herein was the development of a transannular enamide alkylation for late-stage formation of the C21-C3 bond with direct introduction of the reactive indolenine C2 oxidation state from a penultimate C21 functionalized Aspidosperma-like pentacyclic intermediate. Central to the assemblage of the underlying Apidosperma skeleton is a powerful intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole that provided the functionalized pentacyclic ring system 15 in a single step in which the C3 methyl ester found in the natural products served as a key 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituent, activating it for participation in the initiating Diels-Alder reaction and stabilizing the intermediate 1,3-dipole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoun Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Campbell EL, Skepper CK, Sankar K, Duncan KK, Boger DL. Transannular Diels-Alder/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: total synthesis of a unique set of vinblastine analogues. Org Lett 2013; 15:5306-9. [PMID: 24087969 DOI: 10.1021/ol402549n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A powerful tandem [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles initiated by a transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition is detailed. An impressive four rings, four carbon-carbon bonds, and six stereocenters are set on each site of the newly formed central six-membered ring in a cascade thermal reaction that proceeds at temperatures as low as 80 °C. The resulting cycloadducts provide the basis for the synthesis of unique analogues of vinblastine containing metabolically benign deep-seated cyclic modifications at the C3/C4 centers of the vindoline-derived subunit of the natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|