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Egbewande FA, Schwartz BD, Duffy S, Avery VM, Davis RA. Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Halogenated Analogues of Thiaplakortone A. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050317. [PMID: 37233511 DOI: 10.3390/md21050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of bromine, iodine or fluorine into the tricyclic core structure of thiaplakortone A (1), a potent antimalarial marine natural product, is reported. Although yields were low, it was possible to synthesise a small nine-membered library using the previously synthesised Boc-protected thiaplakortone A (2) as a scaffold for late-stage functionalisation. The new thiaplakortone A analogues (3-11) were generated using N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide or a Diversinate™ reagent. The chemical structures of all new analogues were fully characterised by 1D/2D NMR, UV, IR and MS data analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (drug-sensitive) and Dd2 (drug-resistant) strains. Incorporation of halogens at positions 2 and 7 of the thiaplakortone A scaffold was shown to reduce antimalarial activity compared to the natural product. Of the new compounds, the mono-brominated analogue (compound 5) displayed the best antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 0.559 and 0.058 μM against P. falciparum 3D7 and Dd2, respectively, with minimal toxicity against a human cell line (HEK293) observed at 80 μM. Of note, the majority of the halogenated compounds showed greater efficacy against the P. falciparum drug-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake A Egbewande
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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2
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Wang Q, Chen D, Wang Y, Dong C, Liu J, Chen K, Song F, Wang C, Yuan J, Davis RA, Kuek V, Jin H, Xu J. Thiaplakortone B attenuates RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling and dampens OVX-induced bone loss in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113622. [PMID: 36081291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts play an important role in maintaining the relative stability of bone mass. Abnormal number and function of osteoclasts are closely related to osteoporosis and osteolytic diseases. Thiaplakortone B (TPB), a natural compound derived from the Great Barrier Reef sponge Plakortis lita, has been reported to inhibit the growth of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, but its effect on osteoclastogenesis has not been previously investigated. In our study, we found that TPB suppresses the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) staining, immunofluorescence staining of F-actin belts and hydroxyapatite resorption assay. Furthermore, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, we discovered that TPB inhibits osteoclast-specific genes and proteins expression. Mechanistically, TPB blocks multiple upstream pathways including calcium oscillation, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1) signaling pathways. In vivo, TPB could dampen bone loss in an ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model by micro-CT assessment and histological staining. Therefore, TPB may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Delong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yining Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chenlin Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Fangming Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Haiming Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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3
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Velidandi A, Kannuri R, Thupurani MK. Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and Larvicidal Activity of Novel Hydrazinyl 1,3-Thiazine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tempone AG, Pieper P, Borborema SET, Thevenard F, Lago JHG, Croft SL, Anderson EA. Marine alkaloids as bioactive agents against protozoal neglected tropical diseases and malaria. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2214-2235. [PMID: 34913053 PMCID: PMC8672869 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2021Natural products are an important resource in drug discovery, directly or indirectly delivering numerous small molecules for potential development as human medicines. Among the many classes of natural products, alkaloids have a rich history of therapeutic applications. The extensive chemodiversity of alkaloids found in the marine environment has attracted considerable attention for such uses, while the scarcity of these natural materials has stimulated efforts towards their total synthesis. This review focuses on the biological activity of marine alkaloids (covering 2000 to up to 2021) towards Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) caused by protozoan parasites, and malaria. Chemotherapy represents the only form of treatment for Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and malaria, but there is currently a restricted arsenal of drugs, which often elicit severe adverse effects, show variable efficacy or resistance, or are costly. Natural product scaffolds have re-emerged as a focus of academic drug discovery programmes, offering a different resource to discover new chemical entities with new modes of action. In this review, the potential of a range of marine alkaloids is analyzed, accompanied by coverage of synthetic efforts that enable further studies of key antiprotozoal natural product scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Pieper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique G Lago
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Simon L Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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5
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Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
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6
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Zhao BY, Zhang XL, Guo RL, Wang MY, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ketones to 1,4-Enediones. Org Lett 2021; 23:1216-1221. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P.R. China
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7
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Mangwegape DK, Zuma NH, Aucamp J, N'Da DD. Synthesis and in vitro antileishmanial efficacy of novel benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000280. [PMID: 33491807 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major vector-borne parasitic disease that affects thousands of people in tropical and subtropical developing countries. In 2019 alone, it killed 26,000-65,000 individuals. Leishmaniasis is curable, yet its eradication and elimination are hampered by major hurdles, such as the availability of only a handful of clinical toxic drugs and the emergence of pathogenic resistance against them. This underscores the imperative need for new and effective antileishmanial drugs. In search for such agents, we synthesized and evaluated the in vitro antileishmanial potential of a small library of benzothiadiazine derivatives by assessing their activity against the promastigotes of three strains of Leishmania and toxicity in healthy cells. The derivatives were found to have no toxicity to the mammalian cells and were, in general, active against all parasites. The benzothiadiazine derivative 1e, 3-methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, was found to be the most active (IC50 , 0.2 μM) against Leishmania major, responsible for the most prevalent disease form, cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conversely, benzothiadiazine 2c, 2-(4-bromobenzyl)-3-phenyl-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, was the most potent (IC50 , 6.5 μM) against Leishmania donovani, a causative strain of the lethal visceral leishmaniasis. Both compounds stand as antipromastigote hits for further lead investigation into their potential to act as new antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy K Mangwegape
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko H Zuma
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Janine Aucamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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8
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Wang M, He YQ, Zhu Y, Song ZB, Wang XY, Huang HY, Cao BP, Tian WF, Xiao Q. The wavelength-regulated stereodivergent synthesis of ( Z)- and ( E)-1,4-enediones from phosphonium ylides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength-regulated, photoredox-catalyzed stereodivergent synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-1,4-enediones from phosphonium ylides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Ban-Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Fa Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
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9
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Singh N, Singh S, Kohli S, Singh A, Asiki H, Rathee G, Chandra R, Anderson EA. Recent progress in the total synthesis of pyrrole-containing natural products (2011–2020). Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses total syntheses of pyrrole-containing natural products over the last ten years, highlighting recent advances in the chemistry of pyrroles in the context of their innate reactivity, and their preparation in complex settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sahil Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aarushi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Garima Rathee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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10
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Di X, Wang S, Oskarsson JT, Rouger C, Tasdemir D, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J, Wang X, Molinski TF, Omarsdottir S. Bromotryptamine and Imidazole Alkaloids with Anti-inflammatory Activity from the Bryozoan Flustra foliacea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2854-2866. [PMID: 33016699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the marine bryozoan Flustra foliacea collected in Iceland resulted in isolation of 13 new bromotryptamine alkaloids, flustramines Q-W (1-7) and flustraminols C-H (8-13), and two new imidazole alkaloids, flustrimidazoles A and B (14 and 15), together with 12 previously described compounds (16-27). Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Structure 2 was verified by calculations of the 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts using density functional theory. The relative and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of coupling constant analysis, NOESY, [α]D, and ECD spectroscopic data, in addition to chemical derivatization. The compounds were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using a dendritic cell model. Eight compounds (1, 3, 5, 13, 16, 18, 26, and 27) decreased dendritic cell secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40, and two compounds (4 and 14) increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Deformylflustrabromine B (27) showed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect (IC50 2.9 μM). These results demonstrate that F. foliacea from Iceland expresses a broad range of brominated alkaloids, many without structural precedents. The potent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of metabolite 27 warrants further investigations into its potential as a lead for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Di
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, China
| | - Jon T Oskarsson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Rouger
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tadeusz F Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sesselja Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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12
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Stereoselective synthesis of 3,4-di-substituted mercaptolactones via photoredox-catalyzed radical addition of thiophenols. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Badshah SL, Ullah A, Ahmad N, Almarhoon ZM, Mabkhot Y. Increasing the Strength and Production of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E100. [PMID: 29301383 PMCID: PMC6017432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the Artemisia annua herb. It is widely used for the treatment of malaria. In this article, we have reviewed the role of artemisinin in controlling malaria, spread of resistance to artemisinin and the different methods used for its large scale production. The highest amount of artemisinin gene expression in tobacco leaf chloroplast leads to the production of 0.8 mg/g of the dry weight of the plant. This will revolutionize the treatment and control of malaria in third world countries. Furthermore, the generations of novel derivatives of artemisinin- and trioxane ring structure-inspired compounds are important for the treatment of malaria caused by resistant plasmodial species. Synthetic endoperoxide-like artefenomel and its derivatives are crucial for the control of malaria and such synthetic compounds should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahia Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Lone SH, Jameel S, Bhat MA, Lone RA, Butcher RJ, Bhat KA. Synthesis of an unusual quinazoline alkaloid: theoretical and experimental investigations of its structural, electronic, molecular and biological properties. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8259-8268. [PMID: 35542000 PMCID: PMC9082197 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual quinazoline alkaloid (1) was obtained when 2-aminobenzaldehyde was refluxed with pyrrolidine in ethanol for 12 h. The synthesized compound was characterized using spectral data analysis augmented with X-ray and literature precedent. Single crystal analysis depicted four conformations differing slightly in bond angles and bond lengths. Compound 1 crystallizes in a triclinic crystal system with a P1̄ space group having two molecules within the unit cell. The experimentally obtained parameters were compared to those obtained theoretically, which depicted a good agreement. Using the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory, HOMO–LUMO energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), vibrational (IR) and NMR analyses were carried out. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap allowed the calculation of chemical hardness, chemical inertness, electronegativity and the electrophilicity index of the molecule, which depicted its potential kinetic stability and reactivity. Prediction of activity spectra of the target compound revealed that compound 1 possesses notable antineoplastic activity with Pa = 0.884. The molecule was therefore evaluated against various cancerous cell lines in an in vitro SRB assay which depicted that compound 1 possesses the highest growth inhibition activity against THP-1 cell lines with an IC50 of 7 μM. A comparative overview of theoretical and experimental studies concerning the electronic, structural and biological domains of the synthesized unusual quinazoline alkaloid is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salman Jameel
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Srinagar
- India 190005
| | - Muzzaffar A. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry
- Islamic University of Science and Technology
- Awantipora
- India
| | - Rayees A. Lone
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Srinagar
- India 190005
| | | | - Khursheed A. Bhat
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Srinagar
- India 190005
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15
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Bioactive Thiazine and Benzothiazine Derivatives: Green Synthesis Methods and Their Medicinal Importance. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081054. [PMID: 27537865 PMCID: PMC6273871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazines are a group of heterocyclic organic compounds that are still largely unexplored for their pharmacological activities. There are different available methods for the synthesis of thiazine derivatives in the literature. In this review, we discuss available methods of thiazine preparation through green synthesis methods. Beside their synthesis, many thiazine derivatives are biologically active and play an important role in the treatment of various diseases and show promising results of varying degrees, where they act as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antimalarial, antineoplastic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer agents and thus they represent an interesting class of heterocyclic medicinal compounds worthy of further exploration.
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2014 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1116 citations (753 for the period January to December 2014) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1378 in 456 papers for 2014), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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17
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Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of Analogues Based on the Tricyclic Core of Thiaplakortones A-D. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5784-95. [PMID: 26389920 PMCID: PMC4584354 DOI: 10.3390/md13095784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six regioisomers associated with the tricyclic core of thiaplakortones A-D have been synthesized. Reaction of 1H-indole-4,7-dione and 1-tosyl-1H-indole-4,7-dione with 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid afforded a regioisomeric series, which was subsequently deprotected and oxidized to yield the tricyclic core scaffolds present in the thiaplakortones. All compounds were fully characterized using NMR and MS data. A single crystal X-ray structure was obtained on one of the N-tosyl derivatives. All compounds were screened for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and multidrug-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines. Several analogues displayed potent inhibition of P. falciparum growth (IC50 < 500 nM) but only moderate selectivity for P. falciparum versus human neonatal foreskin fibroblast cells.
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18
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Schwartz BD, Skinner-Adams TS, Andrews KT, Coster MJ, Edstein MD, MacKenzie D, Charman SA, Koltun M, Blundell S, Campbell A, Pouwer RH, Quinn RJ, Beattie KD, Healy PC, Davis RA. Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of amide and urea derivatives based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1558-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of amide and urea analogues based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold were synthesised and screened forin vitroantimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Schwartz
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | | | | | - Mark J. Coster
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | | | | | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Maria Koltun
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Scott Blundell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Anna Campbell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Pouwer
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Karren D. Beattie
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Peter C. Healy
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery
- Griffith University
- Brisbane
- Australia
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19
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Devari S, Kumar A, Deshidi R, Shah BA. C–H functionalization of terminal alkynes towards stereospecific synthesis of (E) or (Z) 2-methylthio-1,4-ene-diones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5013-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient metal free self-sorting tandem protocol for stereospecific synthesis of (E) or (Z) 2-methylthio-1,4-ene-diones has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekaraiah Devari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
| | - Ramesh Deshidi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi
- India
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21
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Grkovic T, Pouwer RH, Vial ML, Gambini L, Noël A, Hooper JNA, Wood SA, Mellick GD, Quinn RJ. NMR Fingerprints of the Drug-like Natural-Product Space Identify Iotrochotazine A: A Chemical Probe to Study Parkinson’s Disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Grkovic T, Pouwer RH, Vial ML, Gambini L, Noël A, Hooper JNA, Wood SA, Mellick GD, Quinn RJ. NMR fingerprints of the drug-like natural-product space identify iotrochotazine A: a chemical probe to study Parkinson's disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6070-4. [PMID: 24737726 PMCID: PMC4298794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The NMR spectrum of a mixture of small molecules is a fingerprint of all of its components. Herein, we present an NMR fingerprint method that takes advantage of the fact that fractions contain simplified NMR profiles, with minimal signal overlap, to allow the identification of unique spectral patterns. The approach is exemplified in the identification of a novel natural product, iotrochotazine A (1), sourced from an Australian marine sponge Iotrochota sp. Compound 1 was used as a chemical probe in a phenotypic assay panel based on human olfactory neurosphere-derived cells (hONS) from idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients. Compound 1 at 1 μm was not cytotoxic but specifically affected the morphology and cellular distribution of lysosomes and early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grkovic
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111 (Australia)
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